Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Our financial instruments consist primarily of certain short-term and long-term assets and liabilities, customer accounts receivable, margin deposits and guaranty funds, equity investments, and short-term and long-term debt.

The fair value of our financial instruments is measured based on a three-level hierarchy:


•	Level 1 inputs — quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.


•	Level 2 inputs — observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices that are directly observable.


•	Level 3 inputs — unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Financial assets and liabilities recorded or disclosed at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the asset or liability’s fair value measurement. As of March 31, 2020, we considered the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic

on our fair value assessments, and determined no impairment indicators to be present. We will continue to monitor these fair values in future periods if, or as, circumstances change.

Our mutual funds are equity and fixed income mutual funds held for the purpose of providing future payments for the supplemental executive savings plan and the supplemental executive retirement plan. These mutual funds are classified as equity investments and measured at fair value using Level 1 inputs with adjustments recorded in net income.

MERS is part of our ICE Mortgage Services business and as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, held fixed income investments as part of a reserve fund in order to satisfy the original terms of the governing documents of our June 2016 acquisition of a majority equity position in MERS. The majority of these investments are held in U.S. Treasuries and measured at fair value using Level 1 inputs with adjustments recorded to other current liabilities. The remaining amount of the reserve fund is held in other fixed income investments and measured using Level 2 inputs.

Excluding our equity investments without a readily determinable fair value, all other financial instruments are determined to approximate carrying value due to the short period of time to their maturities.

We did not use Level 3 inputs to determine the fair value of assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

We measure certain assets, such as intangible assets, at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are recognized at fair value if they are deemed to be impaired. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, none of our intangible assets were required to be recorded at fair value since no impairments were recorded.

We measure certain equity investments at fair value on a non-recurring basis using our policy election under ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we evaluated transactions involving these investments and qualitative considerations of impairment as discussed above and concluded that no fair value adjustments were required under this election.

See Note 12 for the fair value considerations related to our margin deposits, guaranty funds and delivery contracts receivable.

The table below displays the fair value of our debt as of March 31, 2020. The fair values of our fixed rate notes were estimated using quoted market prices for these instruments. The fair value of our commercial paper includes a discount and other short-term debt approximates par value since the interest rates on this short-term debt approximate market rates as of March 31, 2020.



	As of March 31, 2020
	(in millions)
Debt:	Carrying Amount		Fair value
Commercial Paper	$	1,814	$	1,820
Other short-term debt	8		8
2020 Senior Notes (2.75% senior unsecured notes due December 1, 2020)	1,249		1,252
2022 Senior Notes (2.35% senior unsecured notes due September 15, 2022)	498		509
2023 Senior Notes (3.45% senior unsecured notes due September 21, 2023)	398		421
2023 Senior Notes (4.00% senior unsecured notes due October 15, 2023)	795		866
2025 Senior Notes (3.75% senior unsecured notes due December 1, 2025)	1,244		1,321
2027 Senior Notes (3.10% senior unsecured notes due September 15, 2027)	496		524
2028 Senior Notes (3.75% senior unsecured notes due September 21, 2028)	592		641
2048 Senior Notes (4.25% senior unsecured notes due September 21, 2048)	1,229		1,454
Total debt	$	8,323	$	8,816

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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