Income tax benefit (expense) attributable to our loss from continuing operations before income taxes differs from the amounts computed using the applicable income tax rate as a result of the following factors:



	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
	in millions

Computed “expected” tax benefit (a)	$	56.0		$	49.3		$	175.9		$	162.0
Change in valuation allowances (b):
Decrease	(160.3		)	(193.5		)	(386.3		)	(248.7		)
Increase	42.8			101.3			43.8			106.2
International rate differences (b) (c):
Increase	31.4			57.0			125.3			116.5
Decrease	(21.0		)	(8.3		)	(34.5		)	(13.8		)
Tax effect of intercompany financing	38.5			41.0			76.7			81.5
Non-deductible or non-taxable foreign currency exchange results (b):
Decrease	(21.2		)	(16.5		)	(29.9		)	(23.9		)
Increase	(67.3		)	(1.5		)	2.2			0.6
Non-deductible or non-taxable interest and other expenses (b):
Decrease	(15.3		)	(53.2		)	(49.0		)	(84.2		)
Increase	12.1			16.1			23.3			31.1
Basis and other differences in the treatment of items associated with investments in subsidiaries and affiliates (b):
Decrease	(26.7		)	3.7			(27.7		)	(45.9		)
Increase	(2.7		)	3.8			11.8			4.3
Recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits	4.7			—			13.6			28.8
Tax benefit associated with technology innovation	6.6			—			10.5			—
Other, net	(7.6		)	1.4			(7.8		)	3.1
Total income tax benefit (expense)	$	(130.0	)	$	0.6		$	(52.1	)	$	117.6

_______________


(a)	The statutory or “expected” tax rates are the U.K. rates of 20.0% for the 2015 periods and 21.0% for 2014 periods.


(b)	Country jurisdictions giving rise to increases within the six-month period are grouped together and shown separately from country jurisdictions giving rise to decreases within the six-month period.


(c)	Amounts reflect adjustments (either an increase or a decrease) to “expected” tax benefit for statutory rates in jurisdictions in which we operate outside of the U.K.