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Notes Receivable and Current Expected Credit Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
Notes Receivable and Current Expected Credit Losses Notes Receivable and Current Expected Credit Losses
Notes Receivable 

The Company had the following loans receivable outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 ($ in thousands):
    
Outstanding loan amount
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Real Estate Financing Project(a)
Maturity DatePrincipal
Accrued interest and fees(b)
Total loan amount(c)
Total loan amount(c)
Maximum principal commitmentInterest rateInterest compounding
Solis Gainesville II10/3/2026$19,595 $5,696 $25,291 $22,268 $19,595 10.0 %
(d)
Annually
Solis Kennesaw5/25/202737,870 7,692 45,562 15,922 37,870 14.0 %
(d)
Annually
Solis Peachtree Corners10/31/202728,440 5,108 33,549 11,092 28,440 15.0 %
(d)
Annually
The Allure at Edinburgh1/16/20289,228 1,987 11,215 9,830 9,228 15.0 %
(e)
None
Solis City Park II(f)
4/23/2028— — — 24,313 — 13.0 %Annually
Solis North Creek8/8/20305,134 682 5,816 — 26,767 12.0 %
(d)
Annually
Total mezzanine & preferred equity$100,267 $21,165 121,433 83,425 $121,900 
Other notes receivable12,984 12,219 
Allowance for credit losses(g)
(1,852)(1,472)
Total notes receivable$132,565 $94,172 
_______________________________________
(a) The Company does not intend to sell the real estate financing investments and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis.
(b) Reflects accrued interest and unused commitment fees, net of discounts due to unamortized equity fees.
(c) Outstanding loan amounts include any accrued and unpaid interest, and accrued fees, as applicable.
(d) The interest rate varies over the life of the loans and the Company also earns an unused commitment fee on amounts not drawn on the loans.
(e) The interest rate varies over the life of the loan.
(f) This note receivable was redeemed on July 10, 2024. Refer below under “Solis City Park II” for further details.
(g) The amounts as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 exclude $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) allowance that relates to the unfunded commitments, which were recorded as a liability under other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
Interest on notes receivable is accrued and funded utilizing the interest reserves for each loan, which are components of the respective maximum loan commitments, and such accrued interest is added to the loan receivable balances. The Company recognized interest income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31, 
Real Estate Financing Project202420232022
Nexton Multifamily$— $— $5,348 
(a)
Solis City Park II(b)
1,482 
(c)
2,887 
(c)
1,038 
Solis Gainesville II3,021 
(c)(d)
2,757 
(c)(d)
205 
Solis Kennesaw5,449 
(c)(d)
2,810 
(c)(d)
— 
Solis North Creek682 
(d)
— — 
Solis Peachtree Corners4,059 
(c)(d)
1,472 
(c)(d)
— 
The Allure at Edinburgh1,384 603 — 
The Interlock(e)
— 3,647 
(c)
9,870 
(c)
Total mezzanine & preferred equity16,077 14,176 16,461 
Other interest income2,519 927 517 
Total interest income$18,596 $15,103 $16,978 
________________________________________
(a) Includes prepayment premium of $2.7 million received from the early payoff of the loan.
(b) This note receivable was redeemed on July 10, 2024. Refer below under “Solis City Park II” for further details.
(c) Includes recognition of interest income related to fee amortization.
(d) Includes recognition of unused commitment fees.
(e) This note receivable was redeemed on May 19, 2023 in connection with the Company’s acquisition of The Interlock.


Solis City Park II

On March 23, 2022, the Company entered into a $20.6 million preferred equity investment for the development of a multifamily property located in Charlotte, North Carolina ("Solis City Park II"). The investment has economic terms consistent with a note receivable, including a mandatory redemption or maturity on April 28, 2026, and it is accounted for as a note receivable. The Company's investment bears interest at a rate of 13%, compounded annually, with minimum interest of $5.7 million over the life of the investment.

On July 10, 2024, the Company's preferred equity investment in Solis City Park II was redeemed in full for total consideration of $25.8 million, including $5.2 million of interest. Interest for the month of June 2024 was waived as part of the note redemption.

Solis Gainesville II

On October 3, 2022, the Company entered into a $19.6 million preferred equity investment for the development of a multifamily property located in Gainesville, Georgia ("Solis Gainesville II"). The investment has economic terms consistent with a note receivable, including a mandatory redemption or maturity on October 3, 2026, and it is accounted for as a note receivable. The Company's investment bears interest at a rate of 14%, compounded annually, with minimum interest of $5.9 million over the life of the investment.

On March 29, 2023, the Solis Gainesville II preferred equity investment agreement was modified to adjust the interest rate. The interest rate of 14% remains effective through the first 24 months of the investment. Beginning on October 3, 2024, the investment will bear interest at a rate of 10% for 12 months. On October 3, 2025, the investment will again bear interest at a rate of 14% per annum through maturity. Additionally, the amendment introduced an unused commitment fee of 10% on the unfunded portion of the investment's maximum loan commitment, which is effective January 1, 2023. Both the interest and unused commitment fee compound annually.
On July 10, 2024, the Company signed an amendment to the operating agreement for the entity in which the Company owns its real estate financing investment with respect to Solis Gainesville II to reduce the preference rate on the investment from 10.0% to 6.0% starting on January 1, 2025. The Company also received a call option to purchase a controlling interest in the entity that owns Solis Gainesville II at fair market value during the period from January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025, which option also gives the Company a right of first refusal to buy the property during the same period.

Solis Kennesaw

On May 25, 2023, the Company entered into a $37.9 million preferred equity investment for the development of a multifamily property located in Marietta, Georgia ("Solis Kennesaw"). The investment has economic terms consistent with a note receivable, including a mandatory redemption or maturity on May 25, 2027, and it is accounted for as a note receivable. The Company's investment bears interest at a rate of 14.0% for the first 24 months. Beginning on May 25, 2025, the investment will bear interest at a rate of 9.0% for 12 months. On May 25, 2026, the investment will again bear interest at a rate of 14.0% through maturity. The interest compounds annually. The Company also earns an unused commitment fee of 11.0% on the unfunded portion of the investment's maximum loan commitment, which does not compound, and an equity fee on its commitment of $0.6 million to be amortized through redemption. The preferred equity investment is subject to a minimum interest guarantee of $13.1 million over the life of the investment.

Solis Peachtree Corners

On July 26, 2023, the Company entered into a $28.4 million preferred equity investment for the development of a multifamily property located in Peachtree Corners, Georgia ("Solis Peachtree Corners"). The preferred equity investment has economic and other terms consistent with a note receivable, including a mandatory redemption feature effective on October 27, 2027. The Company's investment bears interest at a rate of 15.0% for the first 27 months. Beginning on November 1, 2025, the investment will bear interest at a rate of 9.0% for 12 months. On November 1, 2026, the investment will again bear interest at a rate of 15.0% through maturity. The interest compounds annually. The Company also earns an unused commitment fee of 10.0% on the unfunded portion of the investment's maximum loan commitment, which also compounds annually, and an equity fee on its commitment of $0.4 million to be amortized through redemption. The preferred equity investment is subject to a minimum interest guarantee of $12.0 million over the life of the investment.

The Allure at Edinburgh

On July 26, 2023, the Company entered into a $9.2 million preferred equity investment for the development of a multifamily property located in Chesapeake, Virginia ("The Allure at Edinburgh"). The preferred equity investment has economic and other terms consistent with a note receivable, including a mandatory redemption feature effective on January 16, 2028. The Company's investment bears interest at a rate of 15.0%, which does not compound. Upon The Allure at Edinburgh obtaining a certificate of occupancy, the investment will bear interest at a rate of 10.0%. The common equity partner in the development property holds an option to sell the property to the Company at a predetermined amount if certain conditions are met. The Company also holds an option to purchase the property at any time prior to maturity of the preferred equity investment, and at the same predetermined amount as the common equity partner's option to sell.

Solis North Creek

On July 10, 2024, the Company entered into a $27.0 million preferred equity investment for the development of a multifamily property located in Huntersville, North Carolina ("Solis North Creek"). The preferred equity investment has economic terms consistent with a note receivable, including a mandatory redemption feature effective on August 8, 2030, and is accounted for as a note receivable. The Company's investment bears interest at a rate of 12.0% for the first 24 months. Beginning on July 10, 2026, the investment will bear interest at a rate of 9.0% for 12 months. On July 10, 2027, the investment will again bear interest at 12.0% through maturity. The interest compounds annually. The Company also earns an unused commitment fee of 4.5% on the unfunded portion of the investment's maximum loan commitment, which also compounds annually. The preferred equity investment was initially subject to a minimum interest guarantee of $8.9 million over the life of the investment.

On August 8, 2024, the Company signed an amendment to the operating agreement for the entity through which the Company owns its real estate financing investment with respect to Solis North Creek to reduce the equity funding requirement from $27.0 million to $26.8 million and the minimum interest guarantee from $8.9 million to $8.8 million.
The Interlock

On May 19, 2023, the Company acquired The Interlock. The consideration for such acquisition included the repayment of the Company's outstanding $90.2 million mezzanine loan on the project.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through its real estate financing investments. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had six real estate financing investments, which are accounted for as notes receivable, each of which are financing development projects in various stages of completion or lease-up. Each of these projects is subject to a loan that is senior to the Company’s loan. Interest on these loans is paid in kind and is generally not expected to be paid until a sale of the project after completion of the development.

The Company's management performs a quarterly analysis of the loan portfolio to determine the risk of credit loss based on the progress of development activities, including leasing activities, projected development costs, and current and projected subordinated and senior loan balances. The Company estimates future losses on its notes receivable using risk ratings that correspond to probabilities of default and loss given default. The Company's risk ratings are as follows:

Pass: loans in this category are adequately collateralized by a development project with conditions materially consistent with the Company's underwriting assumptions.
Special Mention: loans in this category show signs that the economic performance of the project may suffer as a result of slower-than-expected leasing activity or an extended development or marketing timeline. Loans in this category warrant increased monitoring by management.
Substandard: loans in this category may not be fully collected by the Company unless remediation actions are taken. Remediation actions may include obtaining additional collateral or assisting the borrower with asset management activities to prepare the project for sale. The Company will also consider placing the loan on non-accrual status if it does not believe that additional interest accruals will ultimately be collected.

The Company updated the risk ratings for each of its notes receivable as of December 31, 2024 and obtained industry loan loss data relative to these risk ratings. Each of the outstanding loans as of December 31, 2024 was "Pass" rated. The Company’s analysis resulted in an allowance for loan losses of approximately $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. An allowance related to unfunded commitments of approximately $0.5 million as of December 31, 2024 was recorded as Other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

At December 31, 2024, the Company reported $132.6 million of notes receivable, net of allowances of $1.9 million. At December 31, 2023, the Company reported $94.2 million of notes receivable, net of allowances of $1.5 million.

Changes in the allowance for funded and unfunded commitments for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
Year ended December 31, 2024Year ended December 31, 2023
FundedUnfundedTotalFundedUnfundedTotal
Beginning balance $1,472 $732 $2,204 $1,292 $338 $1,630 
Unrealized credit loss provision (release)440 (223)217 645 394 1,039 
Release due to redemption(60)— (60)(465)— (465)
Ending balance$1,852 $509 $2,361 $1,472 $732 $2,204 

The Company places loans on non-accrual status when the loan balance, together with the balance of any senior loan, approximately equals the estimated realizable value of the underlying development project. As of December 31, 2024, no loans were placed on non-accrual status.