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Notes Receivable and Current Expected Credit Losses
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Receivables [Abstract]  
Notes Receivable and Current Expected Credit Losses Notes Receivable and Current Expected Credit Losses
Notes Receivable

The Company had the following notes receivable outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 ($ in thousands):
Outstanding loan amount (a)
Interest compounding
Development ProjectMarch 31,
2023
December 31,
2022
Maximum principal commitmentInterest rate
City Park 2$22,096 $19,062 $20,594 13.0 %Annually
Solis Gainesville II11,566 6,638 19,595 14.0 %
(b)
Annually
Interlock Commercial88,858 86,584 107,000 
(c)
15.0 %None
Total mezzanine & preferred equity122,520 112,284 $147,189 
Constellation Energy Building note receivable— 12,834 
Other notes receivable11,671 11,512 
Notes receivable guarantee premium386 701 
Allowance for credit losses(d)
(1,495)

(1,292)
Total notes receivable$133,082 $136,039 
________________________________________
(a) Outstanding loan amounts include any accrued and unpaid interest, and accrued exit fees, as applicable.
(b) The interest rate varies over the life of the loan, and the Company also earns an unused commitment fee of 10%. Refer below under “Solis Gainesville II” for further details.
(c) This amount includes interest reserves.
(d) The amounts as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 exclude $0.2 million and $0.3 million of Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL") allowance that relates to the unfunded commitments, which were recorded as a liability under Other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Interest on the notes receivable is accrued and funded utilizing the interest reserves for each loan, which are components of the respective maximum loan commitments, and such accrued interest is generally added to the loan receivable balances. The Company recognized interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31,
Development Project20232022
City Park 2$670 
(a)
$19 
(a)
Solis Gainesville II593 
(a)(b)
— 
Interlock Commercial2,273 
(a)
2,826 
(a)
Nexton Multifamily— 614 
Total mezzanine3,536 3,459 
Other interest income183 109 
Total interest income$3,719 $3,568 
________________________________________
(a) Includes recognition of interest income related to fee amortization.
(b) Includes recognition of unused commitment fees.
Solis Gainesville II

On March 29, 2023, the Solis Gainesville II preferred equity investment agreement was modified to adjust the interest rate. The interest rate of 14% remains effective through the first 24 months of the investment. Beginning on October 3, 2024, the investment will bear interest at a rate of 10% for twelve months. On October 3, 2025, the investment will again bear interest at a rate of 14% per annum through maturity. Additionally, the amendment introduced an unused commitment fee of 10% on the unfunded portion of the investment's maximum loan commitment, which is effective January 1, 2023. Both the interest and unused commitment fee compound annually.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through its mezzanine lending activities and preferred equity investments. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had three mezzanine loans (including the City Park 2 and Solis Gainesville II preferred equity investments that are accounted for as notes receivable), each of which are financing development projects in various stages of completion or lease-up. Each of these projects is subject to a loan that is senior to the Company’s mezzanine loan. Interest on these loans is paid in kind and is generally not expected to be paid until a sale of the project after completion of the development.

The Company's management performs a quarterly analysis of the loan portfolio to determine the risk of credit loss based on
the progress of development activities, including leasing activities, projected development costs, and current and projected
mezzanine and senior construction loan balances. The Company estimates future losses on its notes receivable using risk
ratings that correspond to probabilities of default and loss given default. The Company's risk ratings are as follows:

Pass: loans in this category are adequately collateralized by a development project with conditions materially consistent with the Company's underwriting assumptions.
Special Mention: loans in this category show signs that the economic performance of the project may suffer as a result of slower-than-expected leasing activity or an extended development or marketing timeline. Loans in this category warrant increased monitoring by management.
Substandard: loans in this category may not be fully collected by the Company unless remediation actions are taken. Remediation actions may include obtaining additional collateral or assisting the borrower with asset management activities to prepare the project for sale. The Company will also consider placing the loan on non-accrual status if it does not believe that additional interest accruals will ultimately be collected.

The Company updated the risk ratings for each of its notes receivable as of March 31, 2023 and obtained industry loan loss data relative to these risk ratings. Each of the outstanding loans as of March 31, 2023 was "Pass" rated. The Company's analysis resulted in an allowance for loan losses of approximately $1.7 million as of March 31, 2023. An allowance related to unfunded commitments of approximately $0.2 million as of March 31, 2023 was recorded as Other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

At March 31, 2023, the Company reported $133.1 million of notes receivable, net of allowances of $1.5 million. At December 31, 2022, the Company reported $136.0 million of notes receivable, net of allowances of $1.3 million. Changes in the allowance for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
 FundedUnfundedTotalFundedUnfundedTotal
Beginning balance $1,292 $338 $1,630 $994 $10 $1,004 
Unrealized credit loss provision (release)203 (140)63 184 421 605 
Ending balance$1,495 $198 $1,693 $1,178 $431 $1,609 

The Company places loans on non-accrual status when the loan balance, together with the balance of any senior loan, approximately equals the estimated realizable value of the underlying development project. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had the Constellation Energy Building note, which bore interest at 3% per annum, on non-accrual status. The principal balance of the note receivable was adequately secured by the seller's partnership interest. On January 14, 2023, the Company acquired an additional 11% membership interest in the Constellation Energy Building, increasing its ownership interest to 90%, in exchange for full satisfaction of the note. As of March 31, 2023, there were no loans on non-accrual status.