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Equity-Based Compensation
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Equity-Based Compensation Equity-Based Compensation
Equity Plans
2018 Equity Plan
Effective at the Listing, the Company’s board of directors adopted an equity plan for the Advisor (the “Advisor Plan”) and an equity plan for individuals (the “Individual Plan” and together with the Advisor Plan, the “2018 Equity Plan”). The Advisor Plan is substantially similar to the Individual Plan, except with respect to the eligible participants. Under the Individual Plan, the Company may only make awards to its directors, officers and employees (if the Company ever has employees), employees of the Advisor and its affiliates, employees of entities that provide services to the Company, directors of the Advisor or of entities that provide services to the Company, certain consultants to the Company and the Advisor and its affiliates or to entities that provide services to the Company. By contrast, under the Advisor Plan the Company may only make awards to the Advisor.
The 2018 Equity Plan succeeded and replaced the existing employee and director restricted share plan (the “RSP”). Following the effectiveness of the 2018 Equity Plan at the Listing, no further awards will be issued under the RSP; provided, however, that any outstanding awards under the RSP, such as unvested restricted shares held by the Company’s independent directors, remained outstanding in accordance with their terms and the terms of the RSP until all those awards are vested, forfeited, canceled, expired or otherwise terminated in accordance with their terms. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur. The 2018 Equity Plan permits awards of restricted shares, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, LTIP Units and other equity awards. The 2018 Equity Plan has a term of 10 years, expiring on July 19, 2028. Identical to the RSP, the number of shares of the Company’s capital stock available for awards under the 2018 Equity Plan, in the aggregate, is equal to 10.0% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock on a fully diluted basis at any time. Shares subject to awards under the Individual Plan reduce the number of shares available for awards under the Advisor Plan on a one-for-one basis and vice versa. If any awards granted under the 2018 Equity Plan are forfeited for any reason, the number of forfeited shares is again available for purposes of granting awards under the 2018 Equity Plan.
Restricted Shares
Restricted shares are shares of common stock awarded under terms that provide for vesting over a specified period of time. Holders of restricted shares may receive non-forfeitable cash dividends prior to the time that the restrictions on the restricted shares have lapsed. Any dividends to holders of restricted shares payable in shares of common stock are subject to the same restrictions as the underlying restricted shares. Restricted shares may not, in general, be sold or otherwise transferred until restrictions are removed and the shares have vested.
Prior to June 30, 2020, the Company only granted restricted shares to the Company’s directors. However, during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company granted 278,278 and 309,475 restricted shares, respectively, to employees of the Advisor or its affiliates who are involved in providing services to the Company, including the Company’s chief financial officer. In the six months ended June 30, 2022, 249,700 restricted shares were granted to employees of the Advisor or its affiliates. No awards may be made to anyone who is also a partner, member or equity owner of the parent of the Advisor.
The restricted shares granted to the Company’s directors vest on a straight-line basis over periods of 1 year to 5 years from the date of grant and provide for accelerated vesting of the portion of the unvested restricted shares scheduled to vest in the year of the recipient’s termination of his or her position as a director of the Company due to a voluntary resignation or failure to be re-elected to the Company’s board of directors following nomination therefor. All unvested restricted shares held by the Company’s directors also vest in the event of a Change of Control (as defined in the RSP or the Individual Plan) or a termination of a directorship without cause or as a result of death or disability.
The restricted shares granted to employees of the Advisor or its affiliates vest in 25% increments on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date. Except in connection with a change in control (as defined in the award agreement) of the Company, any unvested restricted shares will be forfeited if the holder’s employment with the Advisor terminates for any reason. Upon a change in control of the Company, 50% of the unvested restricted shares will immediately vest and the remaining unvested restricted shares will be forfeited.

The following table reflects the activity of restricted shares for the six months ended June 30, 2022:
 Number of Shares of Common StockWeighted-Average Grant Price
Unvested, December 31, 2021422,869 $8.26 
Granted 292,572 7.86 
Vested(92,770)9.78 
Forfeited(275)9.48 
Unvested, June 30, 2022622,396 7.84 
As of June 30, 2022, the Company had $4.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted share awards granted, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years.
The fair value of the restricted shares is being expensed in accordance with the service period required. Compensation expense related to restricted shares is included in equity-based compensation on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Compensation expense related to restricted shares was approximately $0.4 million and $0.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Compensation expense related to restricted shares
was approximately $0.4 million and $1.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. The higher expense recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2021 was due to the accelerated vesting of restricted shares previously awarded to the Company’s former chief financial officer, as well as expense from an additional grant of restricted shares awarded to the Company’s former chief financial officer in February 2021 (see additional discussion below).
On February 26, 2021, the Company’s board of directors approved an amendment to the award agreement for 69,875 restricted shares previously awarded to the Company’s former chief financial officer. These restricted shares had been scheduled to vest in 25% increments on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date (September 15, 2020), however, in accordance with the amendment, these shares fully vested upon the effectiveness of the resignation of the Company’s former chief financial officer on April 9, 2021. This was treated as a modification of the award of these restricted shares and, in addition to accelerating the original expense, the Company was also required to calculate the excess of the new value of those awards on the date of modification over the fair value of the awards immediately prior to the amendment and record such excess as expense through April 9, 2021. In addition, also on February 26, 2021, the Company’s board of directors granted the Company’s former chief financial officer an additional award of 52,778 restricted shares that also fully vested upon the effectiveness of her resignation on April 9, 2021. The acceleration of vesting of the prior grant and the new grant resulted in approximately $1.1 million of increased equity-based compensation expense recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Restricted Stock Units
RSUs represent a contingent right to receive shares of common stock at a future settlement date, subject to satisfaction of applicable vesting conditions and other restrictions, as set forth in the RSP and an award agreement evidencing the grant of RSUs. RSUs may not, in general, be sold or otherwise transferred until restrictions are removed and the rights to the shares of common stock have vested. Holders of RSUs do not have or receive any voting rights with respect to the RSUs or any shares underlying any award of RSUs, but such holders are generally credited with dividend or other distribution equivalents which are subject to the same vesting conditions and other restrictions as the underlying RSUs and only paid at the time such RSUs are settled in shares of common stock. The Company has not granted any RSUs, and no unvested RSUs were outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 or 2021.
Multi-Year Outperformance Agreements
2021 OPP
On May 4, 2021, the Company’s independent directors authorized an award of LTIP Units under the 2021 OPP after the performance period under the 2018 OPP expired on July 19, 2021, and, on July 21, 2021, the Company, the OP and the Advisor entered into the 2021 OPP (see below for additional information on the 2018 OPP, including information on the LTIP Units granted and earned thereunder).
On July 21, 2021, the Company and the Advisor entered into the 2021 OPP. Based on a maximum award value of $72.0 million and the Initial Share Price of $8.4419, which was determined on July 20, 2021, the Advisor was granted a total of 8,528,885 LTIP Units pursuant to the 2021 OPP. These LTIP Units may be earned and become vested based on the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”), including both share price appreciation and reinvestment of Class A common stock dividends, compared to the Initial Share Price over a performance period commencing on July 20, 2021 and ending on the earliest of (i) July 20, 2024, (ii) the effective date of any Change of Control (as defined in the Advisor Plan) and (iii) the effective date of any termination of the Advisor’s services as the Company’s advisor.
The amortization of the fair value of the LTIP Units that were granted will be recorded evenly over the requisite service period which is approximately 38.5 months from May 4, 2021, the date that the Company’s independent board of directors approved the award of LTIP Units under the 2021 OPP, through July 20, 2024, the end of the performance period.
The Company recorded $1.9 million in additional equity-based compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2021 which represented the pro rata share of the 2021 OPP’s service period from May 4, 2021 (the date of the grant) to July 20, 2024 (the end of the performance period). As of July 20, 2021, the Initial Share Price and the number of LTIP Units to be granted under the 2021 OPP became known and the fair value of the award as of July 20, 2021 was determined to be $40.8 million. As a result, the award of LTIP Units under the 2021 OPP was reclassified as an equity award on July 20, 2021, with any change in value and cumulative effect thereof, reflected in income and equity statements on that date.
2018 OPP
On the Listing Date, the Company granted a performance-based equity award to the Advisor in the form of a Master LTIP Unit pursuant to the 2018 OPP. The Master LTIP Unit was automatically converted on August 30, 2018 (the “Effective Date”),
the 30th trading day following the Listing Date, into 4,496,796 LTIP Units equal to the quotient of $72.0 million divided by $16.0114, the ten-day trailing average closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on Nasdaq over the ten consecutive trading days immediately prior to the Effective Date. The Effective Date was the grant date for accounting purposes. In accordance with accounting rules, the total fair value of the LTIP Units of $32.0 million was calculated and fixed as of the grant date, and was recorded over the requisite service period of three years. In March 2019, the Company entered into an amendment to the 2018 OPP to reflect a change in the peer group resulting from the merger of one member of the peer group, Select Income REIT, with Government Properties Income Trust, with the entity surviving the merger renamed as Office Properties Income Trust. Under the accounting rules, the Company was required to calculate any excess of the new value of LTIP Units in accordance with the provisions of the amendment ($10.9 million) over the fair value immediately prior to the amendment ($8.1 million). This excess of approximately $2.8 million was expensed over the period from March 4, 2019, the date the Company’s compensation committee approved the amendment, through July 19, 2021.
The LTIP Units issued pursuant to the 2018 OPP could potentially have been earned by the Advisor based on the Company’s achievement of threshold, target and maximum performance goals based on the Company’s absolute and relative TSR over a three-year performance period that ended on July 19, 2021. Prior to the issuance of LTIP Units pursuant to the 2021 OPP, the compensation committee of the board of directors of the Company determined that none of the 4,496,796 of the LTIP Units subject to the 2018 OPP had been earned under either the absolute or relative thresholds. These LTIP Units were thus automatically forfeited effective as of July 19, 2021, without the payment of any consideration by the Company or the OP. On that date, the Company reclassified amounts reflected in non-controlling interest for these LTIP Units to additional paid in capital on its consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of equity.
Compensation Expense - 2021 OPP and 2018 OPP
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded equity-based compensation expense related to the LTIP Units of $3.2 million and $6.4 million, respectively, and during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 the Company recorded equity-based compensation expense related to the LTIP Units of $4.9 million and $7.9 million, respectively. These expenses are recorded in equity-based compensation in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had $26.1 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the LTIP Units awarded under the 2021 OPP which is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.1 years.
LTIP Units Distributions/Redemptions
The rights of the Advisor as the holder of the LTIP Units are governed by the terms of the LTIP Units set forth in the agreement of limited partnership of the OP. Holders of LTIP Units are entitled to distributions on the LTIP Units equal to 10% of the distributions made per Class A Unit (other than distributions of sale proceeds) until the LTIP Units are earned. Distributions paid on a Class A Unit are equal to dividends paid on a share of Class A common stock. Distributions paid on LTIP Units are not subject to forfeiture, even if the LTIP Units are ultimately forfeited. The Advisor is entitled to a priority catch-up distribution on each earned LTIP Unit equal to 90% of the aggregate distributions paid on Class A Units during the applicable performance period. Any LTIP Units that are earned become entitled to receive the same distributions paid on Class A Units. If and when the Advisor’s capital account with respect to an earned LTIP Unit is equal to the capital account balance of a Class A Unit, the Advisor, as the holder of the earned LTIP Unit, in its sole discretion, is entitled to convert the LTIP Unit into a Class A Unit, which may in turn be redeemed on a one-for-one basis for, at the Company’s election, a share of Class A common stock or the cash equivalent thereof.
The Company paid distributions on LTIP Units of $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These amounts are recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of changes in equity.
Performance Measures
As indicated above, on July 19, 2021, at the end of the performance period, the compensation committee of the Company’s board of directors determined that none of the 4,496,796 LTIP Units under the 2018 OPP had been earned. These LTIP Units were thus automatically forfeited effective as of July 19, 2021, without the payment of any consideration by the Company or the OP.
With respect to one-half of the LTIP Units granted under the 2021 OPP, the number of LTIP Units that become earned (if any) will be determined as of the last day of the performance period based on the Company’s achievement of absolute TSR levels as shown in the table below.
Performance Level   Absolute TSR  Percentage of LTIP Units EarnedNumber of LTIP Units Earned
Below Threshold  Less than 18 %0 %0
Threshold18 %25 %1,066,110.625 
Target 24 %50 %2,132,221.250 
Maximum 36 %or higher100 %4,264,442.500 
If the Company’s absolute TSR is more than 18% but less than 24%, or more than 24% but less than 36%, the number of LTIP Units that become earned is determined using linear interpolation as between those tiers, respectively.
With respect to the remaining one-half of the LTIP Units granted under the 2021 OPP, the number of LTIP Units that become earned (if any) will be determined as of the last day of the performance period based on the difference (expressed in terms of basis points, whether positive or negative, as shown in the table below) between the Company’s absolute TSR on the last day of the performance period relative to the average TSR of a peer group (consisting of Broadstone Net Lease, Inc., Office Properties Income Trust, RPT Realty and Spirit Realty Capital, Inc.) as of the last day of the performance period as follows:
Performance Level   Relative TSR Excess  Percentage of LTIP Units EarnedNumber of LTIP Units Earned
Below Threshold  Less than -600 Basis points0 %0
Threshold-600 Basis points25 %1,066,110.625 
Target 0 Basis points50 %2,132,221.250 
Maximum +600 Basis points100 %4,264,442.500 
If the relative TSR excess is more than -600 basis points but less than zero basis points, or more than zero basis points but less than +600 basis points, the number of LTIP Units that become earned is determined using linear interpolation as between those tiers, respectively.
Other Terms
In the case of a Change of Control or a termination of the Advisor without Cause (as defined in the Advisory Agreement), the number of LTIP Units that become earned will be calculated based on actual performance through the last trading day prior to the effective date of the Change of Control or termination (as applicable), with the hurdles for calculating absolute TSR prorated to reflect a performance period of less than three years but without prorating the number of LTIP Units that may become earned to reflect the shortened performance period.
In the case of a termination of the Advisor for Cause, the number of LTIP Units that become earned will be calculated based on actual performance through the last trading day prior to the effective date of the termination, with the hurdles for calculating absolute TSR and the number of LTIP Units that may become earned each prorated to reflect a performance period of less than three years.
Pursuant to the terms of the Advisor Plan, the LTIP Units will be administered by the Company’s board or a committee thereof, defined as the “Committee” in the Advisor Plan. Promptly following the performance period, the Committee will, except in certain circumstances, determine the number of LTIP Units earned (if any) based on calculations prepared by an independent consultant engaged by the Committee and as approved by the Committee in its reasonable and good faith discretion. The Committee also must approve the transfer of any LTIP Units or any Class A Units into which LTIP Units may be converted in accordance with the terms of the agreement of limited partnership of the OP. Any LTIP Units that are not earned will automatically be forfeited effective as of the end of the performance period and neither the Company nor the OP will be required to pay any future consideration in respect thereof.
Director Compensation
Under the current director compensation program, on a regular basis, each independent director receives an annual cash retainer of $60,000 and, in connection with each of the Company’s annual meetings of stockholders, a grant of $85,000 in restricted shares, vesting on the one-year anniversary of the annual meeting.
The lead independent director receives an additional annual cash retainer of $100,000, the chair of the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors receives an additional annual cash retainer of $30,000, each other member of the audit
committee receives an additional annual cash retainer of $15,000, the chair of each of the compensation committee and the nominating and corporate governance committee of the Company’s board of directors receives an additional annual cash retainer of $15,000, and each other member of each of the compensation committee and the nominating and corporate governance committee receives an additional annual cash retainer of $10,000.
Other Equity-Based Compensation
The Company may issue common stock in lieu of cash to pay fees earned by the Company’s directors at each director’s election. If the Company did so, there would be no restrictions on the shares issued since these payments in lieu of cash relate to fees earned for services performed. There were no shares of common stock issued to directors in lieu of cash compensation during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.