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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the OP and its subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. In determining whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in a joint venture and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, management considers factors such as ownership interest, authority to make decisions and contractual and substantive participating rights of the other partners or members as well as whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company has determined the OP is a VIE of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Substantially all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are held by the OP. The Company has determined the OP is a VIE of which the Company is the primary beneficiary.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management makes significant estimates regarding revenue recognition, purchase price allocations to record investments in real estate, and fair value measurements, as applicable.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation:


•	The Company currently presents Straight-line rent receivable on its own line item in the consolidated statements of cash flows, which was previously included within prepaid expenses and other assets.


•	The Company separated amortization of deferred leasing costs presented in the consolidated statement of cash flows onto its own line item with prior presentation of these costs included in amortization (including accelerated write-off) of deferred financing costs.


•	Gain on sale of real estate investments is now included as part of operating income.


•	The Company has aggregated revenue from its lease components and non-lease components (tenant operating expense reimbursements) into one line (see additional information in the “Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements” section below.

•

The Company currently presents equity-based compensation related to grants of restricted shares of common stock (“restricted shares”) in equity-based compensation in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss), which was previously classified in general and administrative. Also, the Company currently presents litigation costs related to the merger (the “Merger”) of the Company and American Realty Capital – Retail Centers of America, Inc. (“RCA”) in acquisition, transaction and other costs in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss), which were previously classified in general and administrative.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenues, which are derived primarily from lease contracts, which include rents that each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of each lease reported on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease. As of December 31, 2019, these leases had an average remaining lease term of nine years. Because many of the Company’s leases provide for rental increases at specified intervals, straight-line basis accounting requires the Company to record a receivable for, and include in revenue from tenants, unbilled rents receivable that the Company will only receive if the tenant makes all rent payments required through the expiration of the initial term of the lease. When the Company acquires a property, acquisition date is considered to be the commencement date for purposes of this calculation. For new leases after acquisition, the commencement date is considered

to be the date the tenant takes control of the space. For lease modifications, the commencement date is considered to be the date the lease modification is executed. The Company defers the revenue related to lease payments received from tenants in advance of their due dates. Pursuant to certain of the Company’s lease agreements, tenants are required to reimburse the Company for certain property operating expenses, in addition to paying base rent, whereas under certain other lease agreements, the tenants are directly responsible for all operating costs of the respective properties. Under ASC 842, the Company has elected to report combined lease and non-lease components in a single line “Revenue from tenants.” For comparative purposes, the Company has also elected to reflect prior revenue and reimbursements reported under ASC 842 also on a single line. For expenses paid directly by the tenant, under both ASC 842 and 840, the Company has reflected them on a net basis.

The following table presents future base rent payments on a cash basis due to the Company over the next five years and thereafter. These amounts exclude tenant reimbursements and contingent rent payments, as applicable, that may be collected from certain tenants based on provisions related to sales thresholds and increases in annual rent based on exceeding certain economic indexes among other items:



(In thousands)	Future Base Rent Payments
2020	$	252,892
2021	244,424
2022	233,507
2023	220,928
2024	202,147
Thereafter	1,251,529
	$	2,405,427

The Company owns certain properties with leases that include provisions for the tenant to pay contingent rental income based on a percent of the tenant’s sales upon the achievement of certain sales thresholds or other targets which may be monthly, quarterly or annual targets. As the lessor to the aforementioned leases, the Company defers the recognition of contingent rental income, until the specified target that triggered the contingent rental income is achieved, or until such sales upon which percentage rent is based are known. For the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, approximately $0.9 million, $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively, in contingent rental income is included in revenue from tenants in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Company continually reviews receivables related to rent and unbilled rents receivable and determines collectability by taking into consideration the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in the area in which the property is located. Under the new leasing standard (see the “Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements” section below), the Company is required to assess, based on credit risk only, if it is probable that the Company will collect virtually all of the lease payments at lease commencement date and it must continue to reassess collectability periodically thereafter based on new facts and circumstances affecting the credit risk of the tenant. Partial reserves, or the ability to assume partial recovery are no longer permitted. If the Company determines that it’s probable it will collect virtually all of the lease payments (rent and common area maintenance), the lease will continue to be accounted for on an accrual basis (i.e. straight-line). However, if the Company determines it’s not probable that it will collect virtually all of the lease payments, the lease will be accounted for on a cash basis and a full reserve would be recorded on previously accrued amounts in cases where it was subsequently concluded that collection was not probable. Cost recoveries from tenants are included in operating revenue from tenants beginning on January 1, 2019, in accordance with new accounting rules, on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in the period the related costs are incurred, as applicable.

Real Estate Investments

Investments in Real Estate

Investments in real estate are recorded at cost. Improvements and replacements are capitalized when they extend the useful life of the asset. Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

At the time an asset is acquired, the Company evaluates the inputs, processes and outputs of the asset acquired to determine if the transaction is a business combination or asset acquisition. If an acquisition qualifies as a business combination, the related transaction costs are recorded as an expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. If an acquisition qualifies as an asset acquisition, the related transaction costs are generally capitalized and subsequently amortized over the useful life of the acquired assets. See the Purchase Price Allocation section in this Note for a discussion of the initial accounting for investments in real estate.

Disposal of real estate investments that represent a strategic shift in operations that will have a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results are required to be presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations. No properties were presented as discontinued operations during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 or 2017. Properties that are intended to be sold are to be designated as “held for sale” on the consolidated balance sheets at the lesser of carrying amount or fair value less estimated selling costs when they meet specific criteria to be presented as held for sale, most significantly that the sale is probable within one year. The Company evaluates probability of sale based on specific facts including whether a sales agreement is in place and the buyer has made significant non-refundable deposits. Properties are no longer depreciated when they are classified as held for sale. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had one and seven properties classified as held for sale, respectively, (see Note 4 — Real Estate Investments, Net for additional information).

As more fully discussed in this Note under Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - ASU No. 2016-02 Leases, all of the Company’s leases as lessor prior to adoption were accounted for as operating leases and will continue to be accounted for as operating leases under the transition guidance. The Company will evaluate new leases originated after the adoption date (by the Company or by a predecessor lessor/owner) pursuant to the new guidance where a lease for some or all of a building is classified by a lessor as a sales-type lease if the significant risks and rewards of ownership reside with the tenant. This situation is met if, among other things, there is an automatic transfer of title during the lease, a bargain purchase option, the non-cancelable lease term is for more than major part of remaining economic useful life of the asset (e.g., equal to or greater than 75%), if the present value of the minimum lease payments represents substantially all (e.g., equal to or greater than 90%) of the leased property’s fair value at lease inception, or if the asset so specialized in nature that it provides no alternative use to the lessor (and therefore would not provide any future value to the lessor) after the lease term. Further, such new leases would be evaluated to consider whether they would be failed sale-leaseback transactions and accounted for as financing transactions by the lessor. For the three year period ended December 31, 2019, the Company has no leases as a lessor that would be considered as sales-type leases or financings under sale-leaseback rules.

The Company is also the lessee under certain land leases which were previously classified prior to adoption of lease accounting and will continue to be classified as operating leases under transition elections unless subsequently modified. These leases are reflected on the balance sheet and the rent expense is reflected on a straight line basis over the lease term.

Purchase Accounting

Purchase Price Allocation

In both a business combination and an asset acquisition, the Company allocates the purchase price of acquired properties to tangible and identifiable intangible assets or liabilities based on their respective fair values. Tangible assets may include land, land improvements, buildings, fixtures and tenant improvements on an as if vacant basis. Intangible assets may include the value of in-place leases and above- and below- market leases and other identifiable assets or liabilities based on lease or property specific characteristics. In addition, any assumed mortgages receivable or payable and any assumed or issued noncontrolling interests (in a business combination) are recorded at their estimated fair values. In allocating the fair value to assumed mortgages, amounts are recorded to debt premiums or discounts based on the present value of the estimated cash flows, which is calculated to account for either above or below-market interest rates. In a business combination, the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired is either recorded as goodwill or as a bargain purchase gain. In an asset acquisition, the difference between the acquisition price (including capitalized transaction costs) and the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired is allocated to the non-current assets. All acquisitions during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were asset acquisitions. During 2017, prior to our adoption of ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) (see Summary of Significant Accounting Policies below), all our acquisitions, including the Merger, were accounted for as business combinations.

For acquired properties with leases classified as operating leases, the Company allocates the purchase price of acquired properties to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired (including those acquired in the Merger) and liabilities assumed, based on their respective fair values. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, the Company utilizes a number of sources, including independent appraisals that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective property and other market data. The Company also considers information obtained about each property as a result of the Company’s pre-acquisition due diligence in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and intangible liabilities assumed.

Tangible assets include land, land improvements, buildings, fixtures and tenant improvements on an as-if vacant basis. The Company utilizes various estimates, processes and information to determine the as-if vacant property value. Estimates of value are made using customary methods, including data from appraisals, comparable sales, discounted cash flow analysis and other methods. Fair value estimates are also made using significant assumptions such as capitalization rates, discount rates, fair market lease rates and land values per square foot.

Identifiable intangible assets include amounts allocated to acquire leases for above- and below-market lease rates and the value of in-place leases as applicable. Factors considered in the analysis of the in-place lease intangibles include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease-up period for each property, taking into account current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, the Company includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at contract rates during the expected lease-up period, which typically ranges from six to 24 months. The Company also estimates costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.

Above-market and below-market lease values for acquired properties are initially recorded based on the present value (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining initial term of the lease for above-market leases and the remaining initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases.

The aggregate value of intangible assets related to customer relationship, as applicable, is measured based on the Company's evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and the Company's overall relationship with the tenant. Characteristics considered by the Company in determining these values include the nature and extent of its existing business relationships with the tenant, growth prospects for developing new business with the tenant, the tenant’s credit quality and expectations of lease renewals, among other factors. The Company did not record any intangible asset amounts related to customer relationships during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

When circumstances indicate the carrying value of a property may not be recoverable, the Company reviews the property for impairment. This review is based on an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the property’s use and eventual disposition. These estimates consider factors such as expected future operating income, market and other applicable trends and residual value, as well as the effects of leasing demand, competition and other factors. If an impairment exists, due to the inability to recover the carrying value of a property, the Company would recognize an impairment loss in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the property for properties to be held and used. For properties held for sale, the impairment loss recorded would equal the adjustment to fair value less estimated cost to dispose of the asset. These assessments have a direct impact on net income because recording an impairment loss results in an immediate negative adjustment to net earnings.

Goodwill

Goodwill and Goodwill Impairment

The Company had no goodwill recorded as of December 31, 2019 and $1.6 million of goodwill recorded as of December 31, 2018. The Company is required to assess whether its goodwill is impaired, which requires the Company to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment at least annually or when other market events or circumstances occur that might indicate that goodwill is impaired. The Company performed its annual assessment in December 2018 and determined that there was no impairment of goodwill. Given fluctuations in the market price of the Class A common stock, the Company performed a reassessment as of June 30, 2019, which included the assessment of relevant metrics such as estimated carrying and fair market value of the Company’s real estate and market-based factors.

Reportable Segments

Reportable Segment

The Company has one reportable segment, income-producing properties, which consists of activities related to investing in real estate.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of up to 40 years for buildings, 15 years for land improvements, five years for fixtures and improvements and the shorter of the useful life or the remaining lease term for tenant improvements and leasehold interests.

The value of in-place leases, exclusive of the value of above-market and below-market in-place leases, is amortized to expense over the remaining periods of the respective leases.

The value of customer relationship intangibles, if any, is amortized to expense over the initial term and any renewal periods in the respective leases, but in no event does the amortization period for intangible assets exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building. If a tenant terminates its lease, the unamortized portion of the in-place lease value and customer relationship intangibles is charged to expense.

Assumed mortgage premiums or discounts are amortized as an increase or reduction to interest expense over the remaining terms of the respective mortgages.

Derivative Instruments

The Company may use derivative financial instruments to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associated with its borrowings. Certain of the techniques used to hedge exposure to interest rate fluctuations may also be used to protect against declines in the market value of assets that result from general trends in debt markets. The principal objective of such agreements is to minimize the risks and costs associated with the Company’s operating and financial structure as well as to hedge specific anticipated transactions.

The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives may also be designated as hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company

may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risk, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting.

The accounting for subsequent changes in the fair value of these derivatives depends on whether each has been designated and qualifies for hedge accounting treatment. If the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting treatment, any change in the fair value of these derivative instruments is recognized immediately in gains (losses) on derivative instruments in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. If the derivative is designated and qualifies for hedge accounting treatment, the change in the estimated fair value of the derivative is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) to the extent that it is effective. Any ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value will be immediately recognized in earnings.

Non-controlling Interests

The non-controlling interests represent the portion of the equity in the OP that is not owned by the Company. Non-controlling interests are presented as a separate component of equity on the consolidated balance sheets and presented as net loss attributable to non-controlling interests on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Non-controlling interests are allocated a share of net loss based on their share of equity ownership.

Non-controlling interests resulted from the issuance of OP Units in conjunction with the Merger and were recognized at fair value as of the Effective Time. In determining the fair value of the non-controlling interests, the Company utilized multiple sources including real estate valuations prepared by independent valuation firms and market sales data. Please see Note 2 — Merger Transaction for additional information on the Merger. In addition, under the multi-year outperformance agreement with the Advisor (the “2018 OPP”), the OP issued a new class of units of limited partnership designated as LTIP Units (“LTIP Units”), which are also reflected as part of non-controlling interest as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. Please see Note 9 — Stockholders’ Equity and Note 13 — Equity-Based Compensation for additional information on transactions that impacted the amounts recorded for non-controlling interests during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Commercial Mortgage Loans

The Company did not own any commercial mortgage loans as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. As of December 31, 2016, the Company owned a commercial mortgage loan with a balance of $17.2 million which was repaid by the borrower during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in bank accounts as well as investments in highly-liquid money market funds with original maturities of three months or less and funds in overnight sweeps, in which excess funds over an established threshold are swept daily. The Company deposits cash with high quality financial institutions. These deposits are guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Company (the “FDIC”) up to an insurance limit.

Deferred Costs, Net

Deferred costs, net consists of debt issuance costs associated with the Credit Facility (as defined in Note 6 — Credit Facility) and deferred leasing costs, net of accumulated amortization. Deferred financing costs relating to the mortgage notes payable (see Note 5 — Mortgage Notes Payable, Net) are reflected net of the related financing on our balance sheet.

Deferred financing costs associated with the Credit Facility and the mortgage notes payable represent commitment fees, legal fees, and other costs associated with obtaining commitments for financing. These costs are amortized as additional interest expense over the term of the financing agreement on a straight-line basis for the Credit Facility and using effective interest method over the expected term for the mortgage notes payable.

Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or paid down before maturity. Costs incurred in seeking financial transactions that do not close are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not close.

Deferred leasing costs consist primarily of lease commissions and payments made to execute new leases and are deferred and amortized over the term of the lease.

Share-Based Compensation

Equity-Based Compensation

The Company has a stock-based award plan for its directors, which is accounted for under the guidance for share based payments. The cost of services received in exchange for these stock awards is measured at the grant date fair value of the award and the expense for such an award is included in equity-based compensation and is recognized in accordance with the service period (i.e., vesting) required or when the requirements for exercise of the award have been met.

Effective at the Listing, the Company entered into the 2018 OPP under which the LTIP Units were issued to the Advisor. These awards are market-based awards with a related required service period. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-07 at issuance. Accordingly, the LTIP Units were valued at their measurement date and that value is reflected as a charge to earnings evenly over the service period. Further, in the event of a modification, any incremental increase in the value of the instrument measured on the date of the modification both before and after the modification, will result in an incremental amount to be reflected prospectively as a charge to earnings over the remaining service period. The expense for these non-employee awards is included in the equity-based compensation line item of the consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2013. The Company believes that, commencing with such taxable year, it has been organized and has operated in a manner so that it qualifies for taxation as a REIT under the Code. The Company intends to continue to operate in such a manner, but can provide no assurance that it will operate in a manner so as to remain qualified as a REIT. To continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, the Company must distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard for the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and must comply with a number of other organizational and operational requirements. If the Company continues to qualify for taxation as a REIT, it generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on the portion of its REIT taxable income that it distributes to its stockholders. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and properties, as well as federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income.

The amount of dividends payable to the Company’s stockholders is determined by the board of directors and is dependent on a number of factors, including funds available for distribution, financial condition, capital expenditure requirements, as applicable, and annual distribution requirements needed to qualify and maintain the Company’s status as a REIT under the Code.

Per Share Data

Basic net loss per share of common stock is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during such period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock considers the effect of potentially dilutive instruments outstanding during such period.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted as of January 1, 2018:

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), and has since issued several additional amendments thereto (collectively referred to herein as “ASC 606”). ASC 606 establishes a comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Under ASC 606, an entity is required to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. A reporting entity may apply the amendments in ASC 606 using either a modified retrospective approach, by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption or a full retrospective approach. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach, and it did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The new guidance did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, primarily as a result of revenue being sourced from lease arrangements that are outside the scope of ASC 606 until the new lease standard is adopted.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10), that amends the recognition and measurement of financial instruments. The new guidance revises an entity’s accounting related to equity investments and the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. Among other things, it also amends the presentation and disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and there was no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which provides guidance on how certain transactions should be classified and presented in the statement of cash flows as either operating, investing or financing activities. Among other things, the update provides specific guidance on where to classify debt prepayment and extinguishment costs, payments for contingent consideration made after a business combination and distributions received from equity method investments. The Company adopted the new guidance beginning in the first quarter of 2018, and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of cash flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”), which revises the definition of a business. This new guidance is applicable when evaluating whether an acquisition should be treated as either a business acquisition or an asset acquisition. Under the revised guidance, when substantially all of the fair value of gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset or group of similar assets, the assets acquired would not be considered a business. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018, and will apply the new rules prospectively. The Company expects, based on historical property acquisitions, that in most cases, a future property acquired after adoption will be treated as an asset acquisition rather than a business acquisition, which will result in the capitalization of related transaction costs. The Company has evaluated the impact of this new guidance beginning in the first quarter of 2018, and determined that it did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. All acquisition costs incurred during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were capitalized since our acquisitions during the years were all classified as asset acquisitions.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Assets Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets, which provides guidance related to partial sales of non-financial assets, eliminates rules specifically addressing the sales of real estate, clarifies the definition of in substance non-financial assets, removes the exception to the financial asset derecognition model and clarifies the accounting for contributions of non-financial assets to joint ventures. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018 using the modified transition method. Sales of real estate in which the Company loses its controlling interest in the real estate property will result in the full gain amount being recognized at the time of the partial sale. During the year ended December 31, 2019 or 2018 the Company did not retain any interest in properties in which it sold.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The update states that modification accounting should be used unless the fair value of the award, the vesting terms of the award and the classification of the award as either equity or liability, all do not change as a result of the modification. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018 and it did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company expects that any future modifications to its issued share-based awards will be accounted for using modification accounting, unless the modification meets all of the exception criteria noted above. As a result, the modification would be treated as an exchange of the original award for a new award, with any incremental fair value being treated as additional compensation cost.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting as an amendment and update expanding the scope of Topic 718 (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 specifies that Topic 718 now applies to all share-based payment transactions, even non-employee awards, in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. Under the new guidance, awards to nonemployees are measured on the grant date, rather than on the earlier of the performance commitment date or the date at which the nonemployee’s performance is complete. Also, the awards would be measured by estimating the fair value of the equity instruments to be issued, rather than the fair value of the goods or services received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever can be measured more reliably. In addition, entities may use the expected term to measure nonemployee awards or elect to use the contractual term as the expected term, on an award-by-award basis. The new guidance was effective for the Company in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those annual periods, however early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-07 on July 1, 2018 as it relates to the award made to the Advisor pursuant to the 2018 OPP (see Note 13 - Share-Based Compensation for additional details).

Adopted as of January 1, 2019:

ASU No. 2016-02 — Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASC 842”), which provides guidance related to the accounting for leases, as well as the related disclosures. For lessors of real estate, leases are accounted for using an approach substantially the same as previous accounting guidance for operating leases and direct financing leases. For lessees, the standard requires the application of a dual lease classification approach, classifying leases as either operating or finance leases based on

the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, while lease expense for finance leases is recognized based on an effective interest method over the term of the lease. Also, lessees must recognize a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Further, certain transactions where at inception of the lease the buyer-lessor accounted for the transaction as a purchase of real estate and a new lease, may now be required to have symmetrical accounting to the seller-lessee if the transaction was not a qualified sale-leaseback and accounted for as a financing transaction.

Upon adoption, lessors were allowed a practical expedient, which the Company has elected, by class of underlying assets to account for lease and non-lease components (such as tenant reimbursements of property operating expenses) as a single lease component as an operating lease because: (a) the non-lease components have the same timing and pattern of transfer as the associated lease component; and (b) the lease component, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. Additionally, only incremental direct leasing costs may be capitalized under this guidance, which is consistent with the Company’s existing policies. Also, upon adoption, companies were allowed a practical expedient package, which the Company has elected, that allowed the Company: (a) to not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts entered into prior to January 1, 2019 are or contain leases; (b) to not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases entered into prior to January 1, 2019 (including assessing sale-leaseback transactions); and (c) to not reassess initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases entered into prior to January 1, 2019. As a result, all of the Company’s existing leases will continue to be classified as operating leases under the standard. Further, any existing leases for which the property is the leased to a tenant in a transaction that at inception was a sale-leaseback transaction will continue to be treated (absent a modification) as operating leases. The Company did not have any leases that would be considered financing leases as of January 1, 2019.

The Company assessed the impact of adoption from both a lessor and lessee perspective, which is discussed in more detail below, and adopted the guidance prospectively on January 1, 2019, using a prospective transition approach under which the Company elected to apply the guidance effective January 1, 2019 and not adjust prior comparative reporting periods (except for the Company’s presentation of lease revenue discussed below).

Lessor Accounting

As discussed above, the Company was not required to re-assess the classification of its leases, which are considered operating leases under ASC 842. The following is a summary of the most significant impacts to the Company of the lease accounting guidance, as lessor:


•	Since the Company elected the practical expedient noted above to not separate non-lease component revenue from the associated lease component, the Company has aggregated revenue from its lease components and non-lease components (tenant operating expense reimbursements) into one line. The prior period has been conformed to this new presentation.

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Changes in the Company’s assessment of receivables that result in bad debt expense is now required to be recorded as an adjustment to revenue, rather than a charge to bad debt expense. This new classification applies for the first quarter of 2019 and reclassification of prior period amounts is not permitted. At transition on January 1, 2019, after assessing its reserve balances at December 31, 2018 under the guidance, the Company wrote off accounts receivable of $0.1 million and straight-line rents receivable of $0.1 million as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit, and accordingly rent for these tenants is currently recorded on a cash basis.


•	Indirect leasing costs in connection with new or extended tenant leases, if any, are being expensed. Under prior accounting guidance, the recognition would have been deferred.

Lessee Accounting

The Company is a lessee under ground leases for eight properties as of January 1, 2019. The following is a summary of the most significant impacts to the Company of the accounting guidance, as lessee:


•	Upon adoption of the standard, the Company recorded ROU assets and lease liabilities equal to $19.3 million for the present value of the lease payments related to its ground leases. These amounts are included in operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

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The Company also reclassified $0.3 million related to amounts previously reported as a straight-line rent liability, $1.1 million, net related to amounts previously reported as above and below market ground lease intangibles and $0.1 million of prepaid rent to the ROU assets. For additional information and disclosures related to these operating leases, see Note 10 — Commitments and Contingencies.

Other Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This standard simplifies subsequent measurements of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, entities will perform their interim or annual goodwill impairment testing by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognizing an impairment charge based on the amount that the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The loss recognized should not exceed the total goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The Company adopted early this guidance in 2019 and in connection with the reassessments, goodwill was impaired during the year ended December 31, 2019.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, to better align cash flow and fair value hedge accounting with the corresponding risk management activities. Among other things, the amendments expand which hedging strategies are eligible for hedge accounting, align the timing of recognition of hedge results with the earnings effect of the hedged item and allow companies to include the change in fair value of the derivative in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. Additionally, for cash flow hedges that are highly effective, the update allows for all changes in fair value of the derivative to be recorded in other comprehensive income. The Company has adopted ASU 2017-12 on January 1, 2019, as required under the guidance, using a modified retrospective transition method and the adoption on January 1, 2019 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Pending Adoption as of December 31, 2019:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes how entities measure credit losses for financial assets carried at amortized cost. The update eliminates the requirement that a credit loss must be probable before it can be recognized and instead requires an entity to recognize the current estimate of all expected credit losses. Additionally, the amended standard requires credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities to be carried as an allowance rather than as a direct write-down of the asset. On July 25, 2018, the FASB proposed an amendment to ASU 2016-13 to clarify that operating lease receivables recorded by lessors (including unbilled straight-line rent) are explicitly excluded from the scope of ASU 2016-13. The new guidance is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2020. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2020 and determined it did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The objective of ASU 2018-13 is to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to the financial statements by removing, modifying, and adding certain fair value disclosure requirements to facilitate clear communication of the information required by generally accepted accounting principles. The amended guidance is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2020. The Company adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2020 and determined it did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.