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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expenses consisted of the following:
 Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)202420232022
PBF Energy options$4.5 $11.9 $19.1 
PBF Energy restricted shares 21.7 17.9 11.6 
PBF Energy performance awards18.1 21.7 13.4 
$44.3 $51.5 $44.1 
PBF Energy options
PBF Energy grants stock options which represent the right to purchase share of PBF Energy’s common stock at its fair market value, which is the closing price of PBF Energy’s common stock on the date of grant. Stock options have a maximum term of ten years from the date they are granted, and vest over a requisite service period of three years, subject to acceleration in certain circumstances. PBF Energy has not issued stock options since the year ended December 31, 2022. PBF Energy uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted, which requires the input of subjective assumptions.
The following table summarizes activity for PBF Energy options for 2024:
Number of
PBF Energy
Class A
Common
Stock Options		Weighted
Average
Exercise Price		Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
(in years)
Stock-based awards, outstanding at January 1, 20247,453,454 $23.98 5.26
Exercised(1,004,884)21.69 — 
Forfeited(17,695)15.37 — 
Outstanding at December 31, 20246,430,875 $24.36 4.18
Exercisable and vested at December 31, 20246,426,041 $24.35 4.18
Total expected to vest as of December 31, 20244,834 $28.81 7.44
At December 31, 2024, the total intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and exercisable were $38.8 million and $38.8 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $30.3 million, $66.1 million and $63.1 million, respectively.
Unrecognized compensation expense related to PBF Energy options at December 31, 2024 is de minimis and will be recognized in 2025.
Restricted Stock Awards
The Company grants restricted stock to employees and non-employee directors. Restricted stock granted to our employees generally vests over a requisite services period of three years, subject to acceleration in certain circumstances. Restricted stock recipients who received grants have voting rights; however, dividends are accrued and will be paid upon vesting. Restricted stock units granted to non-employee directors are considered to vest immediately at the time of the grant for accounting purposes, as they are non-forfeitable, but are issued in equal annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date. The non-vested shares are not transferable and are held by our transfer agent. The fair values of restricted stock are equal to the market price of our common stock on the grant date.
The following table summarizes activity for PBF Energy restricted stock:
Number of
PBF Energy
Restricted Class A
Common Stock		Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 20241,052,506 $41.43 
Granted1,350,576 28.60 
Vested(460,294)40.01 
Forfeited(18,893)41.81 
Nonvested at December 31, 20241,923,895 $32.60 
Unrecognized compensation expense related to PBF Energy Restricted Class A common stock at December 31, 2024 was $38.9 million, which will be recognized from 2025 through 2027.
The following table reflects activity related to our restricted stock:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of restricted stock granted$28.60 $44.90 $35.73 
Fair value of restricted stock vested (in millions)$15.5 $11.2 $3.3 
Performance Awards
The Company grants performance share awards, which are paid in stock, and performance share unit awards, which are paid in cash, (collectively, the “performance awards”) to certain key employees. Performance awards granted to employees prior to November 1, 2020 are based on a three-year performance cycle (the “performance cycle”) with four measurement periods, and performance awards granted to employees after November 1, 2020, are based on a three-year performance cycle having a single measurement period. The performance awards will vest on the last day of the performance cycle, subject to forfeiture or acceleration under certain circumstances set forth in the award agreement. The number of performance awards that will ultimately vest is based on the Company’s total shareholder return over the performance cycle. The number of shares ultimately issued, or cash paid under these awards can range from zero to 200% of target award amounts.
Performance Share Unit Awards
The performance share unit awards are accounted for as equity awards, for which the fair value was determined on the grant date by application of a Monte Carlo valuation model.
The grant date fair value was calculated using a Monte Carlo valuation model with the following assumptions:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Expected life (in years)
2.82 - 3.04
2.86 - 3.18
 3.08
Expected volatility
53.66% - 56.02%
56.68% - 59.98%
65.16%
Dividend yield
2.07% - 3.93%
1.73% - 1.80%
2.18%
Risk-free rate of return
4.17% - 4.35%
4.40% - 4.75%
3.90%
Weighted average grant-date fair value per PSU$34.04 $56.35 $45.91
The risk-free interest rate for the remaining performance period as of the grant date is based on a linear interpolation of published yields of traded U.S. Treasury Interest-Only STRIP Bonds. The dividend yield assumption is based on the annualized most recent quarterly dividend divided by the stock price on the grant date. The assumption for the expected volatility of the Company’s stock price reflects the average of PBF Energy’s common stock historical and implied volatility.
The following table summarizes activity for PBF Energy performance share awards:
Number of
PBF Energy Performance Share Units (“PSUs”)		Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2024631,443 $38.48 
Granted253,223 34.04 
Vested(246,862)18.73 
Forfeited(25,394)49.78 
Nonvested at December 31, 2024612,410 $44.14 
In 2024, 2023 and 2022, PSU’s with a fair value of $14.1 million, $30.9 million and $2.0 million, respectively, were vested.
As of December 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to performance share unit awards was $17.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.30 years.
Performance Unit awards
The performance unit awards are dollar denominated with a target value of $1.00, with actual payout of up to $2.00 per unit (or 200 percent of target). The performance unit awards are settled in cash based on the payout amount determined at the end of the performance cycle. The Company accounts for the performance unit awards as liability awards which the Company recorded at fair market value on the date of grant. Subsequently, the performance unit awards will be marked-to-market at the end of each fiscal quarter by application of a Monte Carlo simulation model.
The following table summarizes activity for PBF Energy performance unit awards:
Number of
PBF Energy
Performance Units
Nonvested at January 1, 202443,557,161 
Granted14,274,646 
Vested(2,194,890)
Forfeited(9,632,887)
Nonvested at December 31, 202446,004,030 
In 2024, 2023 and 2022, Performance Units with a fair value of $19.3 million, $12.1 million and $1.5 million, respectively, were vested.
As of December 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation cost related to performance unit awards was $14.1 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.38 years.