S-1 1 d600440ds1.htm S-1 S-1
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 20, 2013

Registration No. 333-            

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   7990   27-1220297

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

 

 

9205 South Park Center Loop, Suite 400

Orlando, Florida 32819

(407) 226-5011

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

G. Anthony (Tony) Taylor, Esq.

Chief Legal and Corporate Affairs Officer, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary

9205 South Park Center Loop, Suite 400

Orlando, Florida 32819

(407) 226-5011

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

With copies to:

 

Igor Fert, Esq.

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

425 Lexington Avenue

New York, New York 10017

(212) 455-2000

 

Marc D. Jaffe, Esq.

Cathy A. Birkeland, Esq.

Michael A. Pucker, Esq.

Latham & Watkins LLP

885 Third Avenue

New York, New York 10022-4834

(212) 906-1200

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement is declared effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box:    ¨

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer   ¨    Accelerated filer   ¨
Non-accelerated filer   x  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company   ¨

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

Title of Each Class of

Securities to be Registered

  Amount to be
Registered(1)
  Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering
Price per Share(1)
  Proposed Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price(1)(2)
  Amount of
Registration Fee

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

  17,250,000   $31.52   $543,720,000   $70,031.14

 

 

 

(1) Includes shares/offering price of shares of common stock that the underwriters have the option to purchase. See “Underwriting.”
(2) These figures are estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, based on the average of high and low prices of the common stock on November 15, 2013 as reported on the New York Stock Exchange.

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor do we or the selling stockholders seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Subject to Completion. Dated November 20, 2013.

Preliminary Prospectus

 

   15,000,000 Shares   

 

LOGO

SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc.

Common Stock

 

 

The selling stockholders identified in this prospectus are offering 15,000,000 shares of common stock of SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. The selling stockholders will receive all of the net proceeds from this offering and we will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock being sold by the selling stockholders.

Through a special committee comprised of two of our independent, disinterested directors, we are in active discussions with the selling stockholders about a possible repurchase by the Company of 1.5 million shares of our common stock directly from such selling stockholders in a private, non-underwritten transaction. This repurchase, if it is approved by the special committee as being in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders other than the selling stockholders, would be consummated concurrently with the closing of this offering and would involve a price per share payable by the Company equal to the price per share that would be paid to the selling stockholders by the underwriters in this offering. The completion of this share repurchase would be conditioned upon, among other things, the completion of this offering, but the completion of this offering will not be conditioned upon the completion of such share repurchase.

The common stock of SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “SEAS.” The last reported sale price of SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc.’s common stock on the NYSE on November 19, 2013 was $31.81 per share.

Investing in our common stock involves risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 17.

 

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

     Per Share      Total  

Public offering price

   $                    $                

Underwriting discount and commissions(1)

   $                    $                

Proceeds, before expenses, to the selling stockholders

   $                    $                

 

(1) See “Underwriting” for additional disclosure regarding the underwriting discount, commissions and estimated offering expenses.

To the extent that the underwriters sell more than 15,000,000 shares of common stock, the underwriters have the option to purchase up to an additional 2,250,000 shares from the selling stockholders at the public offering price less the underwriting discount and commissions. The selling stockholders will receive all of the proceeds from the sale of any such additional shares to the underwriters.

 

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment in New York, New York on                     , 2013.

 

Goldman, Sachs & Co.   J.P. Morgan

Prospectus dated             , 2013.


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LOGO


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Prospectus

 

     Page  

Market and Industry Data

     ii   

Trademarks, Service Marks and Tradenames

     ii   

Basis of Presentation

     ii   

Prospectus Summary

     1   

Risk Factors

     17   

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

     33   

Use of Proceeds

     35   

Price Range of Common Stock

     36   

Dividend Policy

     37   

Capitalization

     38   

Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data

     39   

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     41   

Business

     65   

Management

     86   

Principal and Selling Stockholders

     115   

Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions

     118   

Organizational Structure

     123   

Description of Indebtedness

     124   

Description of Capital Stock

     129   

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

     138   

Material United States Federal Income and Estate Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders

     140   

Underwriting

     144   

Validity of the Shares

     148   

Experts

     148   

Where You Can Find More Information

     148   

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

     F-1   

 

 

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, financial data in this prospectus reflects the consolidated business and operations of SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

 

 

We have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses we have prepared. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date.

 

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MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

Market data and industry statistics and forecasts used throughout this prospectus are based on the good faith estimates of management, which in turn are based upon management’s reviews of independent industry publications, reports by market research firms and other independent and publicly available sources. Although we believe that these third-party sources are reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this information and have not independently verified this information. Similarly, internal Company surveys, while believed by us to be reliable, have not been verified by any independent sources. Unless we indicate otherwise, market data and industry statistics used throughout this prospectus are for the year ended December 31, 2012.

In this prospectus (i) references to the “TEA/AECOM Report” refer to Theme Index: The Global Attractions Attendance Report, TEA/AECOM, 2012, (ii) references to the “Freedonia Report” refer to The Freedonia Group Inc.’s Focus on Amusement Parks report dated July 2011 and (iii) references to the “IBISWorld Report” refer to the IBISWorld Industry Report 71311: Amusement Parks in the US dated June 2013. Unless otherwise noted, attendance rankings included in this prospectus are based on the TEA/AECOM Report and theme park industry statistics are based on the Freedonia Report and/or the IBISWorld Report.

Although we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the industry data that we present in this prospectus, our estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors,” “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this prospectus.

TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND TRADENAMES

We own or have rights to use a number of registered and common law trademarks, service marks and trade names in connection with our business in the United States and in certain foreign jurisdictions, including SeaWorld Entertainment, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, SeaWorld®, Shamu®, Busch Gardens®, Aquatica, Discovery Cove®, Sea Rescue™ and other names and marks that identify our theme parks, characters, rides, attractions and other businesses. In addition, we have certain rights to use Sesame Street® marks, characters and related indicia through certain license agreements with Sesame Workshop (f/k/a Children’s Television Workshop) (“Sesame Workshop”).

Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks, and trade names referred to in this prospectus are without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks, and trade names. This prospectus contains additional trademarks, service marks and trade names of others, which are the property of their respective owners. All trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

On December 1, 2009, investment funds affiliated with The Blackstone Group L.P. and certain co-investors, through SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc. (“SWPEI”), acquired 100% of the equity interests of Sea World LLC (f/k/a SeaWorld, Inc.) and SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment LLC (f/k/a Busch Entertainment Corporation)

 

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from certain subsidiaries of Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. We refer to this acquisition and related financing transactions as the “2009 Transactions.” As a result of the 2009 Transactions, Blackstone and the other co-investors own, through SW Delaware L.P. (f/k/a SW Cayman L.P.), SW Delaware A L.P. (f/k/a SW Cayman A L.P.), SW Delaware B L.P. (f/k/a SW Cayman B L.P.), SW Delaware C L.P. (f/k/a SW Cayman C L.P.), SW Delaware D L.P. (f/k/a SW Cayman D L.P.), SW Delaware E L.P. (f/k/a SW Cayman E L.P.), SW Delaware F L.P. (f/k/a SW Cayman F L.P.), SW Delaware Co-Invest L.P. (f/k/a SW Cayman Co-Invest L.P.), SW Delaware (GS) L.P. (f/k/a SW Cayman (GS) L.P.) and SW Delaware (GSO) L.P. (f/k/a SW Cayman (GSO) L.P.) (collectively, the “Partnerships”), common stock of SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. The Partnerships are the selling stockholders in this offering. For a more complete description of the Partnerships, see “Principal and Selling Stockholders” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Limited Partnership Agreements and Equityholders Agreement.”

As used in this prospectus, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires, (i) references to the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” refer to SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, (ii) references to the “Issuer” refer to SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. exclusive of its subsidiaries, (iii) references to “Blackstone” or the “Sponsor” refer to certain investment funds affiliated with The Blackstone Group L.P., (iv) references to the “Investor Group” refer, collectively, to Blackstone and other co-investors in the Partnerships, (v) references to the “2009 Advisory Agreement” refer to the Amended and Restated 2009 Advisory Agreement among SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc. (f/k/a SW Acquisitions Co., Inc.), Sea World Parks & Entertainment LLC, Sea World LLC and affiliates of Blackstone, (vi) references to “ABI” refer to Anheuser-Busch, Incorporated, (vii) references to “guests” refer to our theme park visitors, (viii) references to “customers” refer to any consumer of our products and services, including guests of our theme parks, and (ix) references to the “underwriters” refer to the firms listed on the cover page of this prospectus.

All references herein to a fiscal year refer to the 12 months ended December 31 of such year, and references to the first, second, third and fourth fiscal quarters refer to the three months ended March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, respectively.

Information presented as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for those periods included elsewhere in this prospectus. Information presented for the one month period ended December 31, 2009 is derived from our audited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the one month period ended December 31, 2009 not included in this prospectus. The results for the one month period ended December 31, 2009 include the results of operations of the Company from December 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009, which is the period in which we first became an independent, stand-alone entity following the 2009 Transactions. Information presented as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 is derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The historical consolidated financial statements and financial data included in this prospectus are those of SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The historical consolidated financial information and financial data for the periods prior to the 2009 Transactions (the “Predecessor Financial Information”) is not presented in this prospectus because it is not comparable and therefore not meaningful to a prospective investor. The Predecessor Financial Information does not fully reflect our operations on a stand-alone basis and we believe would not materially contribute to an investor’s understanding of our historical financial performance. The Predecessor Financial Information prepared on a basis comparable with our consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus is not available and cannot be provided without unreasonable effort and expense. We believe that the omission of the Predecessor Financial Information will not have a material impact on an investor’s understanding of our financial results and condition and related trends.

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights certain significant aspects of our business and this offering. This is a summary of information contained elsewhere in this prospectus, is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before making your investment decision. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, including the information presented under the section entitled “Risk Factors” and the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, before making an investment decision. This summary contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ significantly from future results contemplated in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors such as those set forth in “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” When making an investment decision, you should also read the discussion under “Basis of Presentation” above for the definition of certain terms used in this prospectus and a description of certain transactions and other matters described in this prospectus.

 

 

Company Overview

We are a leading theme park and entertainment company delivering personal, interactive and educational experiences that blend imagination with nature and enable our customers to celebrate, connect with and care for the natural world we share. We own or license a portfolio of globally recognized brands including SeaWorld, Shamu and Busch Gardens. Over our more than 50 year history, we have built a diversified portfolio of 11 destination and regional theme parks that are grouped in key markets across the United States, many of which showcase our one-of-a-kind collection of approximately 67,000 marine and terrestrial animals. Our theme parks feature a diverse array of rides, shows and other attractions with broad demographic appeal which deliver memorable experiences and a strong value proposition for our guests. In addition to our theme parks, we have recently begun to leverage our brands into media, entertainment and consumer products.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, we hosted more than 24 million guests in our theme parks, including approximately 3.5 million international guests from over 55 countries and six continents. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we hosted approximately 18.9 million guests, including approximately 2.9 million international guests. In the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we had total revenues of $1,423.8 million and $1,188.3 million, respectively, and net income of $77.4 million and $64.0 million, respectively. Our increasing revenue and growing profit margins, combined with our disciplined approach to capital expenditures and working capital management, enable us to generate strong and recurring cash flow.

Our portfolio of branded theme parks includes the following names:

 

  Ÿ  

SeaWorld.    SeaWorld is widely recognized as the leading marine-life theme park brand in the world. Our SeaWorld theme parks, located in Orlando, San Antonio and San Diego, each rank among the most highly attended theme parks in the industry and offer up-close interactive experiences and a variety of live performances, including shows featuring Shamu in specially designed amphitheaters. We offer our guests numerous animal encounters, including the opportunity to work with trainers and feed marine animals, as well as themed thrill rides and theatrical shows that creatively incorporate our one-of-a-kind animal collection.

 

  Ÿ  

Busch Gardens.    Our Busch Gardens theme parks are family-oriented destinations designed to immerse guests in foreign geographic settings. They are renowned for their beauty and award-winning landscaping and gardens and allow our guests to discover the natural side of fun by offering a family experience featuring a variety of attractions and rollercoasters in a richly-themed environment. Busch Gardens Tampa presents our collection of exotic animals

 

 

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from Africa, Asia and Australia. Busch Gardens Williamsburg, which has been named the Most Beautiful Park in the World by the National Amusement Park Historical Association for 23 consecutive years, showcases European-themed cultural and culinary experiences, including high-quality theatrical productions.

 

  Ÿ  

Aquatica.    Our Aquatica branded water parks are premium, family-oriented destinations that are based in a South Seas-themed tropical setting. Aquatica water parks build on the aquatic theme of our SeaWorld brand and feature high-energy rides, water attractions, white-sand beaches and an innovative and entertaining presentation of marine and terrestrial animals. We position our Aquatica water parks as companion water parks to our SeaWorld theme parks in Orlando and San Diego and we have an Aquatica water park situated within our SeaWorld San Antonio theme park.

 

  Ÿ  

Discovery Cove.    Discovery Cove is a reservations only, all-inclusive, marine-life day resort adjacent to SeaWorld Orlando. Discovery Cove offers guests personal, signature experiences, including the opportunity to swim and interact with dolphins, take an underwater walking reef tour and enjoy pristine white-sand beaches and landscaped private cabanas. Discovery Cove presently limits its attendance to approximately 1,300 guests per day and features premium culinary offerings in order to provide guests with a more relaxed, intimate and high-end luxury resort experience.

 

  Ÿ  

Sesame Place.    Sesame Place is the only U.S. theme park based entirely on the award-winning television show Sesame Street. Located between Philadelphia and New York City, Sesame Place is a destination where parents and children can share in the spirit of imagination and experience Sesame Street together through whirling rides, water slides, colorful shows and furry friends. In addition, we have introduced Sesame Street brands in our other theme parks through Sesame Street-themed rides, shows, children’s play areas and merchandise.

 

 

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Our theme parks are consistently recognized among the top theme parks in the world and rank among the most highly-attended in the industry. We generally locate our theme parks in geographical clusters, which improves our ability to serve guests by providing them with a varied, comprehensive vacation experience and valuable multi-park pricing packages, as well as improving our operating efficiency through shared overhead costs. The following table summarizes our theme park portfolio as of December 31, 2012:

 

Location  

Theme

Park

  Year
Opened
  Season   Animal
Habitats(2)
  Rides(3)   Shows(4)   Play
Areas(5)
  Events(6)   Distinctive
Experiences(7)

Orlando, FL

  LOGO     1973   Year-
round
  19   14   18   2   7   17
  LOGO     2000   Year-
round
  5   0   0   0   0   5
  LOGO     2008   Year-
round
  5   13   0   2   0   2

Tampa, FL

  LOGO     1959   Year-
round
  16   30   18   11   9   20
  LOGO     1980   Mar-Oct   0   12   0   4   1   2

San Diego,

CA

  LOGO     1964   Year-
round
  26   10   20   2   4   11
  LOGO     1996(1)   May-Sep   2   11   0   0   0   0

San Antonio,

TX

  LOGO     1988   Feb-Dec   12   23   29   12   7   32

Williamsburg,

VA

  LOGO     1975   Mar-Oct
& Dec
  7   38   16   8   6   28
  LOGO     1984   May-Sep   1   14   1   4   0   6

Langhorne,

PA

  LOGO     1980   May-Oct
& Dec
  0   22   14   9   4   7

Total(8)

 

 

LOGO  

          93   187   116   54   38   130

 

(1) On November 20, 2012, we acquired the Knott’s Soak City Chula Vista water park from a subsidiary of Cedar Fair, L.P. This water park was rebranded and relaunched as Aquatica San Diego on June 1, 2013.
(2) Represents animal habitats without a ride or show element, often adjacent to a similarly themed attraction.
(3) Represents rides, including mechanical rides and water slides.
(4) Represents annual and seasonal shows with live entertainment, animals, characters and/or 3-D or 4-D experiences.
(5) Represents pure play areas, typically designed for children or seasonal special event oriented, often without a queue (such as water splash areas and Halloween mazes).
(6) Represents special limited time events.
(7) Represents special experiences, such as educational tours, immersive dining experiences and swimming with animals, often limited to small groups and individuals and/or requiring a supplemental fee.
(8) The total number of animal habitats, rides, shows, play areas, events and distinctive experiences in our theme park portfolio varies seasonally.

 

 

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Our Competitive Strengths

 

  Ÿ  

Brands That Consumers Know and Love.    We believe that our brands attract and appeal to guests from around the world and have been established as a part of popular culture. Our brand portfolio is highly stable, which we believe reduces our exposure to changing consumer tastes. We use our brands and intellectual property to increase awareness of our theme parks, drive attendance to our theme parks and create “out-of-park” experiences for our guests as a way to connect with them before they visit our theme parks and to stay connected with them after their visit. Such experiences include various media and consumer product offerings, including websites, advertisements and media programming, toys, books, apparel and technology accessories. The popularity of our brands is evidenced by over 62 million unique visitors to our websites from January 2012 through September 2013. In addition to our theme parks, we have recently begun to leverage our brands into media, entertainment and consumer products. Our Sea Rescue television program was seen by more than 98 million viewers in its first two seasons and is currently in its third season. In October 2013, we introduced our newest television program, The Wildlife Docs.

 

  Ÿ  

Differentiated Theme Parks.    We own and operate 11 theme parks, including five of the top 20 theme parks in North America as measured by attendance according to the TEA/AECOM report. Our theme parks are beautifully themed and deliver high-quality entertainment, aesthetic appeal, shopping and dining and have won numerous awards, including Amusement Today’s Golden Ticket Awards for Best Landscaping. Our theme parks feature seven of the 50 highest rated steel rollercoasters in the world, led by Apollo’s Chariot, the #5 rated steel rollercoaster in the world. Our theme parks have won the top three spots in Amusement Today’s annual Golden Ticket Award for Best Marine Life Park since the award’s inception in 2006. As of December 31, 2012, we had over 600 attractions, including 93 animal habitats, 116 shows and 187 rides to appeal to guests of all ages. In addition, we have over 300 restaurants and specialty shops. Our theme parks appeal to the entire family and offer a broad range of experiences, ranging from emotional and educational animal encounters to thrilling rides and exciting shows.

 

  Ÿ  

Diversified Business Portfolio.    Our portfolio of theme parks is diversified in a number of important respects. Our theme parks are located across the United States, which helps protect us from the impact of localized events. Each theme park showcases a different mix of zoological, thrill-oriented and family-friendly attractions. This varied portfolio of entertainment offerings attracts guests from a broad range of demographics and geographies. Our theme parks appeal to both regional and destination guests, which provides us with a stable attendance base while allowing us to benefit from improvements in macroeconomic conditions, including increased consumer spending and international travel.

 

  Ÿ  

One of the World’s Largest Zoological Collections.    We believe we are attractively positioned in the industry due to our ability to display our extensive animal collection in a differentiated and interactive manner. We believe we have one of the world’s largest zoological collections with approximately 67,000 animals, including approximately 7,000 marine and terrestrial animals and approximately 60,000 fish. With 28 killer whales, we have the largest group of killer whales in human care. We have established successful and innovative breeding programs that have produced 30 killer whales, 155 dolphins and 130 sea lions, among other species, and our marine animal populations are characterized by their substantial genetic diversity. More than 80% of our marine mammals were born in human care.

 

  Ÿ  

Strong Competitive Position.    Our competitive position is protected by the combination of our powerful brands, extensive animal collection and expertise and attractive in-park assets

 

 

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located on valuable real estate. Our animal collection and zoological expertise, which have evolved over our more than four decades of caring for animals, would be very difficult to replicate. From 2010 through 2012, we have made extensive investments in new marketable attractions and infrastructure and we believe that our theme parks are well capitalized. The limited supply of real estate suitable for theme park development coupled with high initial capital investment, long development lead-times and zoning and other land use restrictions constrain the number of large theme parks that can be constructed.

 

  Ÿ  

Proven and Experienced Management Team and Employees with Specialized Animal Expertise.    Our senior management team, led by Jim Atchison, our Chief Executive Officer and President, includes some of the most experienced theme park executives in the world, with an average tenure of more than 30 years in the industry. The management team is comprised of highly skilled and dedicated professionals with wide ranging experience in theme park operations, zoological operations, product development, business development and marketing. In addition, we are one of the world’s foremost zoological organizations with approximately 1,600 employees dedicated to animal welfare, training, husbandry and veterinary care.

 

  Ÿ  

Proximity of Complementary Theme Parks.    Our theme parks are grouped in key locations near large population centers across the United States, which allows us to realize revenue and operating expense efficiencies. Having theme parks located within close proximity to each other enables us to cross market and offer bundled ticket and travel packages. In addition, closely located theme parks provide operating efficiencies including sales, marketing, procurement and administrative synergies as overhead expenses are shared among the theme parks within each region. We intend to continue to capitalize on this strength, including through our 2012 acquisition of Knott’s Soak City Chula Vista water park in California, which we rebranded and relaunched as Aquatica San Diego on June 1, 2013 near our SeaWorld San Diego theme park.

 

  Ÿ  

Attractive, Growing Profit Margins and Strong Cash Flow Generation.    Our attractive and growing profit margins, combined with our disciplined approach to capital expenditures and working capital management, enable us to generate strong and recurring cash flow. Five of our 11 theme parks are open year-round, reducing our seasonal cash flow volatility. In addition, we have substantial tax assets which we expect to be available to defer a portion of our cash tax burden going forward.

 

  Ÿ  

Care for Our Community and the Natural World.    Caring for our community and the natural world is a core part of our corporate identity and resonates with our guests. We focus on three core philanthropic areas: children, environment, and education. Through the power of entertainment, we are able to inspire children and educate guests of all ages. We support numerous charities and organizations across the country. For example, we are the primary supporter and corporate member of the SeaWorld & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund, a non-profit conservation foundation, which makes grants to wildlife research and conservation projects that protect wildlife and wild places worldwide. In addition, in collaboration with the government and other members of accredited stranding networks, we operate one of the world’s most respected programs to rescue ill and injured marine animals, with the goal to rehabilitate and return them back to the wild. Our animal experts have helped more than 23,000 ill, injured, orphaned and abandoned animals for more than four decades.

Our Strategies

We plan to grow our business by increasing our existing theme park revenues through strategies designed to drive higher attendance and increase in-park per capita spending, as well as by creating new sources of revenue through expansion of our theme parks, new theme park development and

 

 

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extending our brands into new media, entertainment and consumer products. We believe that our strategies complement each other as they lead to increased brand strength and awareness and drive revenue growth and profitability. Our strategies include the following components:

 

  Ÿ  

Continue to Create Memorable Experiences for Our Guests.    Our mission is to use the power of educational entertainment to continue to inspire our guests to celebrate, connect with and care for the natural world we share. We provide our guests with innovative and immersive theme park experiences, such as our 3-D, 360 degree TurtleTrek attraction, which opened in 2012 at SeaWorld Orlando, and our Antarctica: Empire of the Penguin attraction, which opened in 2013 also at SeaWorld Orlando, and immerses guests into a penguin habitat. We also offer guests exciting rides, animal encounters and beautifully-themed entertainment that are difficult to replicate, such as in-water experiences with beluga whales at SeaWorld Orlando and our Cheetah Hunt ride, which is a launch coaster that opened in 2011 and runs alongside a cheetah habitat at Busch Gardens Tampa. As a result of these distinctive offerings, our guest surveys routinely report very high “Overall Satisfaction” scores, with 97% of respondents in 2013 ranking their experience good or excellent. Going forward, we will continue to develop high-quality experiences for our guests, focused on integrating our impressive animal collection with creatively themed settings and products that our guests will remember long after they leave our theme parks.

 

  Ÿ  

Drive Increased Attendance to Our Theme Parks.    We plan to drive increased attendance to our theme parks by continually introducing new attractions, differentiated experiences and enhanced service offerings. Because of the historic correlation between capital investment and increased attendance, we plan to add to our award-winning portfolio of assets and spend capital in support of marketable events, such as SeaWorld’s 50th Anniversary Celebration. We also plan to increase awareness of our theme parks and brands through effective media and marketing campaigns, including the targeted use of online and social media platforms. For example, since their introduction in 2006, our YouTube channels have attracted approximately 28 million views, and we believe that we can continue to use traditional and new media to increase awareness of our brands and drive attendance to our theme parks. In November 2013, we launched AnimalVision, which allows our guests to deepen their connection with animals at our theme parks through on-habitat cameras that stream 24/7 footage of our animal habitats to customized interactive websites.

 

  Ÿ  

Expand In-Park Per Capita Spending through New and Enhanced Offerings.    We believe that by providing our guests additional and enhanced offerings at various price points, we can drive further spending in our theme parks. For example, we recently introduced an “all-day-dining deal” for a supplemental fee, which we believe has resulted in increased in-park per capita spending. In addition, we have developed iPhone and Android smartphone applications for our SeaWorld and Busch Gardens theme parks, which offer GPS navigation through the theme parks and interactive theme park maps that show the nearest dining locations, gift shops and ATMs and provide real-time updates on wait times for rides. Our guests have quickly adopted these products with over 1.4 million downloads of our smartphone applications from June 2011 through September 2013. We believe that going forward, there are significant avenues to expand guest offerings in ways that both increase guest satisfaction and provide us with incremental revenue.

 

  Ÿ  

Grow Revenue through Disciplined and Dynamic Pricing.    We are focused on increasing our revenues through a variety of ticket options and disciplined pricing and promotional strategies. We offer an array of tailored admission options, including season passes and multi-park tickets to motivate the purchase of higher value products and increase in-park per capita spending. In addition, to increase non-peak demand we offer seasonal and special events and concerts, some of

 

 

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which are separately priced. We have begun deploying a dynamic pricing model, which will enable us to adjust admission prices for our theme parks based on expected demand.

 

  Ÿ  

Increase Profitability through Operating Leverage and Rigorous Cost Management.    Adding incremental attendance and driving additional in-park per capita spending affords us with an opportunity to realize gains in profitability because of the fixed cost base and high operating leverage of our business. We also employ rigorous cost management techniques to drive additional operating efficiencies. For example, we utilize a centralized procurement and strategic sourcing team and participate in several cooperative buying organizations to leverage our purchases company-wide and have also recently consolidated our marketing spending with a single agency to streamline our marketing efforts.

 

  Ÿ  

Pursue Disciplined Capital Deployment, Expansion and Acquisition Opportunities.    We pursue a disciplined capital deployment strategy focused on the development and improvement of rides, attractions and shows, as well as seek to leverage our strong brands and expertise to pursue selective domestic and international expansion and acquisition opportunities. As part of this strategy, we seek to replicate successful capital investments in particular attractions across multiple theme parks, as we did with our Journey to Atlantis watercoaster that premiered in SeaWorld Orlando and was later introduced in the other SeaWorld theme parks. We have been successful in grouping our theme parks and water parks near each other, which allows us to operate companion theme parks with reduced overhead costs and creates revenue opportunities through multi-park tickets and other joint marketing initiatives. For example, in November 2012, we acquired Knott’s Soak City Chula Vista water park, which we rebranded and relaunched as Aquatica San Diego on June 1, 2013, near our SeaWorld San Diego theme park. We also evaluate new domestic theme park opportunities as well as potential joint venture opportunities that would allow us to expand internationally by combining our brands and zoological and operational expertise with third-party capital.

 

  Ÿ  

Leverage and Expand Our Brands to Increase Awareness and Create New Opportunities.    Our brands are highly regarded and are primarily based on our own intellectual property, which provides us with opportunities to leverage our intellectual property portfolio and develop new media, entertainment and consumer products. For example, on May 24, 2013, we opened Antarctica: Empire of the Penguin at our SeaWorld Orlando theme park that features a new animated penguin character, Puck, and coincides with the launch of new in-park merchandise, mobile gaming and consumer products designed around the Puck character. In addition, we are able to expand into new media platforms by partnering with others to create new, powerful entertainment opportunities. In 2012, we launched Sea Rescue, a Saturday morning television show airing on the ABC Network featuring our work to rescue injured animals in coordination with various government agencies and other rescue organizations, which attracted over 98 million viewers in its first two seasons and has been rated as the number one show in its timeslot in a number of major U.S. markets since its debut. More recently, in October 2013, we introduced our newest television program, The Wildlife Docs.

 

  Ÿ  

Continue our Support of Species Conservation, Sustainability and Animal Welfare.    Our zoological know-how and coast-to-coast presence provide us with significant opportunities to contribute to global species conservation, sustainability and animal welfare initiatives. For example, our employees regularly assist in animal rescue efforts, and the non-profit SeaWorld & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund, of which we are the primary supporter and corporate member, makes grants to wildlife research and species conservation projects worldwide. Our species conservation efforts and philanthropic activities generate positive awareness and goodwill for our business. These efforts are a core part of our corporate culture and identity and resonate with our customers.

 

 

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Our Industry

We believe that the theme park industry is an attractive sector characterized by a proven business model that generates significant cash flow and has clear avenues for growth. Theme parks offer a strong consumer value proposition, particularly when compared to other forms of out-of-home entertainment such as concerts, sporting events, cruises and movies. As a result, theme parks attract a broad range of guests and generally exhibit strong margins across regions, operators, park types and macroeconomic conditions.

According to the IBISWorld Report, the U.S. theme park industry, which hosts approximately 315 million visitors per year, is comprised of a large number of venues ranging from a small group of high attendance, heavily-themed destination theme parks to a large group of lower attendance local theme parks and family entertainment centers. According to the TEA/AECOM Report, the United States is the largest theme park market in the world with five of the ten largest theme park operators and 12 of the 25 most-visited theme parks in the world. In 2013, the U.S. theme park industry is expected to generate approximately $14.7 billion in revenues, according to the IBISWorld Report.

Risks Related to Our Business and this Offering

Investing in our common stock involves substantial risks, and our ability to successfully operate our business is subject to numerous risks, including those that are generally associated with operating in the theme park industry and the broader entertainment industry. Some of the more significant challenges and risks include the following:

 

  Ÿ  

we could be adversely affected by a decline in discretionary consumer spending or consumer confidence. Difficult economic conditions and the unavailability of discretionary income may adversely impact attendance figures and guest spending patterns at our theme parks, which could adversely affect our revenue and profitability;

 

  Ÿ  

various factors beyond our control, including natural disasters, bad weather or forecasts of bad weather, an outbreak of infectious disease affecting our animals and a rise in oil prices and travel costs, could adversely affect attendance and guest spending patterns at our theme parks;

 

  Ÿ  

our inability to protect our valuable intellectual property rights, including as a result of intellectual property infringement claims by others resulting in the loss of our intellectual property rights, could adversely affect our business;

 

  Ÿ  

incidents or adverse publicity involving the risk of accidents, illnesses, environmental incidents and other incidents concerning our theme parks or the theme park industry generally could harm our brands and reputation, as well as negatively impact our revenue and profitability;

 

  Ÿ  

adverse litigation judgments or settlements could reduce our profitability or limit our ability to operate our business;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in or violations of federal and state regulations governing the treatment of animals, or the loss of licenses and permits required to exhibit animals, could materially adversely affect our business;

 

  Ÿ  

featuring animals at our theme parks involves some degree of risk to our employees and guests which could materially adversely affect us;

 

  Ÿ  

the loss of key personnel, including members of our senior management team who have extensive experience in the industry, may adversely affect our business;

 

  Ÿ  

the restrictions in our debt agreements may limit our flexibility in operating our business;

 

 

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  Ÿ  

our substantial leverage could, among other things, adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry, and prevent us from meeting our obligations under our indebtedness; and

 

  Ÿ  

other factors set forth under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.

Before you participate in this offering, you should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus, including matters set forth under the heading “Risk Factors.”

Recent Developments

Initial Public Offering

On April 24, 2013, we completed an initial public offering of our common stock at a price to the public of $27.00 per share. In the initial public offering, the Company issued and sold 10,000,000 shares of common stock and the selling stockholders offered and sold 19,900,000 shares of common stock. Our initial public offering raised net proceeds to the Company, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, expenses and transaction costs, of $245.4 million, a portion of which was used to redeem $140.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 11% Senior Notes due 2016 (the “Senior Notes”), to make a one-time payment of $46.3 million to an affiliate of Blackstone in connection with the termination of the 2009 Advisory Agreement and to repay $37.0 million of our Term B Loan (as defined below) under our senior secured credit agreement (the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities”). The Company did not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares sold by the selling stockholders in our initial public offering.

Amendments to Our Senior Secured Credit Facilities

On May 14, 2013 and August 9, 2013, we entered into Amendment No. 5 and Amendment No. 6, respectively (collectively, the “Amendments”), to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Pursuant to the Amendments, among other things, we refinanced our Term A Loan (as defined below) and Term B Loan into new Term B-2 Loans (as defined below), extended the final maturity date of our term loan facilities, reduced future principal and interest payments, provided for additional future borrowings and made certain other amendments.

Antarctica: Empire of the Penguin

On May 24, 2013, we opened Antarctica: Empire of the Penguin, a realm within our SeaWorld Orlando theme park themed to the snowy continent that includes a new attraction with innovative ride technology. Antarctica immerses guests into a penguin habitat and features the new animated penguin character, Puck. The attraction coincides with the launch of new in-park merchandise, mobile gaming and consumer products designed around the Puck character.

Aquatica San Diego

In November 2012, we acquired the Knott’s Soak City Chula Vista water park in California from a subsidiary of Cedar Fair L.P. This water park was rebranded and relaunched as Aquatica San Diego on June 1, 2013 after undergoing extensive renovations. Aquatica San Diego is located near our SeaWorld San Diego theme park and is the latest theme park to be added to our portfolio.

The Share Repurchase

A special committee of our Board of Directors comprised of two of our independent, disinterested directors is actively reviewing the repurchase of 1.5 million of shares of our common stock from the selling stockholders. This repurchase, if it is approved by the special committee as being in the best

 

 

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interests of the Company and its stockholders other than the selling stockholders, would be consummated concurrently with the closing of this offering and would involve a price per share payable by the Company equal to the price per share that would be paid to the selling stockholders by the underwriters in this offering.

In connection with the repurchase, we would expect to enter into an agreement with the selling stockholders to repurchase, concurrently with the closing of this offering, 1.5 million shares of our common stock directly from such selling stockholders in a private, non-underwritten transaction at a price per share equal to the price paid by the underwriters in this offering. We refer to this repurchase as the “share repurchase.” We intend to fund the share repurchase with cash on hand. As a result, the funding of the share repurchase will, if completed, decrease the amount of cash on our balance sheet. The consummation of the share repurchase will be contingent on the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. The completion of the share repurchase would be conditioned upon, among other things, the completion of this offering, but the closing of this offering will not be conditioned upon the consummation of the share repurchase, and there can be no assurance that the share repurchase will be consummated.

The description and the other information in this prospectus regarding the share repurchase is included in this prospectus solely for informational purposes. Nothing in this prospectus should be construed as an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, any of our common stock subject to the share repurchase.

Corporate History and Information

SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on October 2, 2009 in connection with the 2009 Transactions and changed its name from “SW Holdco, Inc.” to SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. on December 13, 2012.

Our principal executive offices are located at 9205 South Park Center Loop, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32819, and our telephone number is (407) 226-5011. We maintain a website at www.seaworldentertainment.com, as well as a number of other theme park specific and marketing websites. The information contained on our websites or that can be accessed through our websites neither constitutes part of this prospectus nor is incorporated by reference herein.

Our Sponsor

Blackstone is one of the world’s leading investment and advisory firms. Blackstone’s alternative asset management businesses include the management of corporate private equity funds, real estate funds, hedge fund solutions, credit-oriented funds and closed-end mutual funds. Blackstone also provides various financial advisory services, including financial and strategic advisory, restructuring and reorganization advisory and fund placement services. Through its different investment businesses, as of September 30, 2013, Blackstone had assets under management of approximately $248.1 billion.

After the completion of this offering, affiliates of Blackstone will no longer control a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. However, Blackstone will continue to be able to significantly influence us and their interests may not in all cases be aligned with our or your interests. For a discussion of certain risks, potential conflicts and other matters associated with Blackstone’s ownership of our common stock, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry—Affiliates of Blackstone will continue to be able to significantly influence our decisions after the completion of this offering and their interests may conflict with ours or yours in the future,” “Description of Capital Stock” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

 

 

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THE OFFERING

 

Common stock offered by the selling stockholders

15,000,000 shares of common stock.

 

Common stock to be outstanding after this offering and the share repurchase

91,785,717 shares of common stock (assuming a repurchase by the Company of 1.5 million shares of common stock from the selling stockholders).

 

Option to purchase additional shares of common stock from the selling stockholders

2,250,000 shares of common stock.

 

Use of proceeds

The selling stockholders will receive all of the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of our common stock in this offering, including upon the sale of shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares from the selling stockholders in this offering. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock by the selling stockholders.

 

Share repurchase

If the share repurchase is approved by the special committee, we would expect to enter into an agreement with the selling stockholders to repurchase, concurrently with the closing of this offering, 1.5 million shares of our common stock directly from such selling stockholders in a private, non-underwritten transaction at a price per share equal to the price paid by the underwriters in this offering. The completion of the share repurchase would be conditioned upon, among other things, the completion of this offering, but the completion of this offering will not be conditioned upon the completion of the share repurchase.

 

Risk factors

See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 17 and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common stock.

 

Dividend policy

In June 2013, our Board of Directors adopted a policy to pay, subject to legally available funds, a regular quarterly cash dividend. Pursuant to this policy, the Company paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.20 per share on July 1 and October 1, 2013.

 

 

We intend to continue to pay cash dividends on our common stock, subject to our compliance with applicable law, and depending on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, level of indebtedness, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, restrictions in our debt agreements and in any preferred stock, business prospects and other factors

 

 

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that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. However, the payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and our Board of Directors may, at any time, modify or revoke our dividend policy on our common stock. See “Dividend Policy” and “Description of Indebtedness” for a description of the restrictions on our ability to pay dividends.

 

NYSE ticker symbol

“SEAS.”

 

The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding immediately after the consummation of this offering and the share repurchase is based on 93,285,717 shares of common stock outstanding as of November 15, 2013, and does not give effect to 14,527,673 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2013 omnibus incentive plan (the “2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan”) as of November 15, 2013.

Unless we indicate otherwise or the context otherwise requires, all information in this prospectus:

 

  Ÿ  

assumes an offering of 15,000,000 shares by the selling stockholders and no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares; and

 

  Ÿ  

reflects an eight-for-one stock split of our common stock and an increase in our authorized capital stock to 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, effected on April 8, 2013.

 

 

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SUMMARY HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables set forth our summary historical consolidated financial and operating data for the periods and as of the dates indicated.

We derived the summary consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 and as of December 31, 2012 from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We derived the summary consolidated financial data for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and as of September 30, 2013 from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. See “Basis of Presentation.”

Our historical operating results are not necessarily indicative of future operating results.

The summary historical consolidated financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with “Capitalization,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

 

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    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
    Year Ended
December 31,
 
        2013             2012         2012     2011     2010  
    (Amounts in thousands, except per share and
per capita amounts)
 
    (Unaudited)                    

Statement of operations data:

     

Net revenues

         

Admissions

  $ 747,610      $ 715,842      $ 884,407      $ 824,937      $ 730,368   

Food, merchandise and other

    440,681        444,737        539,345        505,837        465,735   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

    1,188,291        1,160,579        1,423,752        1,330,774        1,196,103   

Costs and expenses

         

Cost of food, merchandise and other revenues

    93,224        99,109        118,559        112,498        97,871   

Operating expenses

    570,559        560,145        726,509        687,999        673,829   

Selling, general and administrative

    149,581        150,571        184,920        172,368        159,506   

Termination of advisory agreement

    50,072        —          —          —          —     

Depreciation and amortization

    124,154        122,085        166,975        213,592        207,156   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

    987,590        931,910        1,196,963        1,186,457        1,138,362   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

    200,701        228,669        226,789        144,317        57,741   

Other income (expense), net

    193        2,110        1,563        (1,679     1,937   

Interest expense

    72,550        86,263        111,426        110,097        134,383   

Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and deferred financing costs

    32,429        —       

 

—  

  

    —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

    95,915        144,516        116,926        32,541        (74,705

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

    31,930        58,273        39,482        13,428        (29,241
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $ 63,985      $ 86,243      $ 77,444      $ 19,113      $ (45,464
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

  $ 63,985      $ 86,243      $ 77,444      $ 19,113      $ (45,464
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Per share data(1):

         

Basic net income (loss) per share

  $ 0.74      $ 1.05      $ 0.94      $ 0.23      $ (0.56)   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Diluted net income (loss) per share

  $ 0.73      $ 1.04      $ 0.93      $ 0.23      $ (0.56)   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of shares used in per share amounts

         

Basic

    86,867        82,480        82,480        81,392        80,800   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Diluted

    87,531        83,301        83,552        82,024        80,800   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other financial and operating data:

         

Adjusted EBITDA(2)

  $ 392,487      $ 365,749      $ 415,206      $ 382,059      $ 343,276   

Capital expenditures

  $ (125,852   $ (154,976   $ 191,745      $ 225,316      $ 120,196   

Attendance

    18,926        19,862        24,391        23,631        22,433   

Total revenue per capita

  $ 62.79      $ 58.43      $ 58.37      $ 56.31      $ 53.32   

 

     As of September 30,
2013
     As of December 31,  
     Actual      2012      2011      2010  
     (Unaudited)                       

Consolidated balance sheet data (at end of period):

           

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 210,516       $ 45,675       $ 66,663       $ 123,697   

Total assets

   $     2,658,136       $     2,521,052       $     2,547,095       $     2,621,281   

Total long-term debt

   $ 1,643,539       $ 1,823,974       $ 1,417,887       $ 1,410,529   

Total equity

   $ 729,287       $ 449,848       $ 872,467       $ 949,795   

 

(1) All share and per share amounts reflect an eight-for-one stock split of our common stock effected on April 8, 2013.

 

 

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(2) Under the indenture governing the Senior Notes and under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, our ability to engage in activities such as incurring additional indebtedness, making investments, refinancing certain indebtedness, paying dividends and entering into certain merger transactions is governed, in part, by our ability to satisfy tests based on Adjusted EBITDA.

The Senior Notes and our Senior Secured Credit Facilities generally define “Adjusted EBITDA” as net income (loss) before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, as further adjusted to exclude certain unusual, non-cash, and other items permitted in calculating covenant compliance under the indenture governing the Senior Notes and our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA is appropriate to provide additional information to investors about the calculation of, and compliance with, certain financial covenants in the indenture governing the Senior Notes and in our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Adjusted EBITDA is a material component of these covenants. In addition, investors, lenders, financial analysts and rating agencies have historically used EBITDA-related measures in our industry, along with other measures to evaluate a company’s ability to meet its debt service requirement, to estimate the value of a company and to make informed investment decisions. We also use Adjusted EBITDA in connection with certain components of our executive compensation program as described under “Management—Compensation Discussion and Analysis.”

Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized term under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for a measure of our liquidity or performance prepared in accordance with GAAP and is not indicative of income from operations as determined under GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA and other non-GAAP financial measures have limitations which should be considered before using these measures to evaluate our liquidity or financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA, as presented by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to varying methods of calculation.

We believe that the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted EBITDA is net income (loss). The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA:

 

    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
    Year Ended December 31,  
        2013             2012             2012             2011             2010      
   

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands)

    (Amounts in thousands)  

Net income (loss)

  $ 63,985      $ 86,243      $ 77,444      $ 19,113      $ (45,464

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

    31,930        58,273        39,482        13,428        (29,241

Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and deferred financing costs(a)

 

 

32,429

  

    —          —          —          —     

Interest expense

    72,550        86,263        111,426        110,097        134,383   

Depreciation and amortization expense

    124,154        122,085        166,975        213,592        207,156   

Termination of advisory agreement(b)

    50,072        —          —          —          —     

Deferred revenue write-downs(c)

    —          —          —          —          17,348   

Equity-based compensation expense(d)

    4,704        1,361        1,681        823        —     

Advisory fee(e)

    2,799        5,075        6,201        6,012        4,704   

Carve-out costs(f)

    —          —          —          6,085        45,330   

Other non-cash expenses(g)

    8,129        5,282        10,367        12,468        9,060   

Debt refinancing costs(h)

    892        1,000        1,000        441        —     

Chula Vista acquisition(i)

    843        167        630        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

  $ 392,487      $ 365,749      $ 415,206      $ 382,059      $ 343,276 (j) 
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

  (a) Reflects a $15.4 million premium paid for the early redemption of $140.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Senior Notes using net proceeds from our initial public offering in April 2013, along with a write-off of approximately $5.5 million in related discount and deferred financing costs and a write-off of approximately $11.5 million of certain capitalized debt issuance costs in connection with Amendment No. 5 to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.
  (b) Reflects a one-time fee of $46.3 million paid to an affiliate of Blackstone in connection with the termination of the 2009 Advisory Agreement, and a related write-off of prepaid advisory fees of $3.8 million. In connection with our initial public offering, the 2009 Advisory Agreement was terminated on April 24, 2013 in accordance with its terms. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—2009 Advisory Agreement.”
  (c) Reflects amortization of deferred revenue that would have occurred absent purchase accounting relating to the 2009 Transactions.
  (d) Reflects non-cash compensation expenses associated with the grants of equity compensation and partnership interests in the Partnerships.
  (e) Reflects historical fees paid to an affiliate of the Sponsor under the 2009 Advisory Agreement.

 

 

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  (f) Reflects certain carve-out costs and savings related to our separation from ABI and the establishment of certain operations at the Company on a stand-alone basis. These amounts primarily consist of the cost of third-party professional services, relocation expenses, severance costs and cost savings related to the termination of certain employees.
  (g) Reflects non-cash expenses related to miscellaneous asset write-offs and non-cash gains/losses on foreign currencies which were expensed.
  (h) Reflects costs which were expensed related to the amendments to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.
  (i) Reflects costs related to our acquisition of the Knott’s Soak City Chula Vista water park and pre-opening costs related to Aquatica San Diego.
  (j) The adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2010 include approximately $20.9 million of adjustments permitted under our debt covenants related to our separation from ABI and certain restructuring costs. As we established some of the services provided to us by ABI at the Company, such services became part of our ongoing cost structure and accordingly, we did not use these adjustments for any periods subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2010. Adjusted EBITDA excluding such adjustments would have been $322,376 for the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

 

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider each of the following risks as well as the other information included in this prospectus, including “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our financial statements and related notes, before investing in our common stock. Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In such a case, the trading price of the common stock could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment in the Company.

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

We could be adversely affected by a decline in discretionary consumer spending or consumer confidence.

Our success depends to a significant extent on discretionary consumer spending, which is heavily influenced by general economic conditions and the availability of discretionary income. The recent severe economic downturn, coupled with high volatility and uncertainty as to the future global economic landscape, has had and continues to have an adverse effect on consumers’ discretionary income and consumer confidence.

Difficult economic conditions and recessionary periods may adversely impact attendance figures, the frequency with which guests choose to visit our theme parks and guest spending patterns at our theme parks. The actual or perceived weakness in the economy could also lead to decreased spending by our guests. For example, in 2009 and 2010, we experienced a decline in attendance as a result of the global economic crisis, which in turn adversely affected our revenue and profitability. Both attendance and total per capita spending at our theme parks are key drivers of our revenue and profitability, and reductions in either can materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Various factors beyond our control could adversely affect attendance and guest spending patterns at our theme parks.

Various factors beyond our control could adversely affect attendance and guest spending patterns at our theme parks. These factors could also affect our suppliers, vendors, insurance carriers and other contractual counterparties. Such factors include:

 

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war, terrorist activities or threats and heightened travel security measures instituted in response to these events;

 

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outbreaks of pandemic or contagious diseases or consumers’ concerns relating to potential exposure to contagious diseases;

 

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natural disasters, such as hurricanes, fires, earthquakes, tsunamis, tornados, floods and volcanic eruptions and man-made disasters such as the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, which may deter travelers from scheduling vacations or cause them to cancel travel or vacation plans;

 

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bad weather and even forecasts of bad weather, including abnormally hot, cold and/or wet weather, particularly during weekends, holidays or other peak periods;

 

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changes in the desirability of particular locations or travel patterns of our guests;

 

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low consumer confidence;

 

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oil prices and travel costs and the financial condition of the airline, automotive and other transportation-related industries, any travel-related disruptions or incidents and their impact on travel; and

 

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actions or statements by U.S. and foreign governmental officials related to travel and corporate travel-related activities (including changes to the U.S. visa rules) and the resulting public perception of such travel and activities.

Any one or more of these factors could adversely affect attendance and total per capita spending at our theme parks, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability to protect them could adversely affect our business.

Our intellectual property, including our trademarks, service marks, domain names, copyrights, patent and other proprietary rights, constitutes a significant part of the value of the Company. To protect our intellectual property rights, we rely upon a combination of trademark, copyright, patent, trade secret and unfair competition laws of the United States and other countries, as well as contract provisions and third-party policies and procedures governing internet/domain name registrations. However, there can be no assurance that these measures will be successful in any given case, particularly in those countries where the laws do not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. We may be unable to prevent the misappropriation, infringement or violation of our intellectual property rights, breaching any contractual obligations to us, or independently developing intellectual property that is similar to ours, any of which could reduce or eliminate any competitive advantage we have developed, adversely affect our revenues or otherwise harm our business.

We have obtained and applied for numerous U.S. and foreign trademark and service mark registrations and will continue to evaluate the registration of additional trademarks and service marks or other intellectual property, as appropriate. We cannot guarantee that any of our pending applications will be approved by the applicable governmental authorities. Moreover, even if the applications are approved, third parties may seek to oppose or otherwise challenge these registrations. A failure to obtain registrations for our intellectual property in the United States and other countries could limit our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and impede our marketing efforts in those jurisdictions.

We are actively engaged in enforcement and other activities to protect our intellectual property rights. If it became necessary for us to resort to litigation to protect these rights, any proceedings could be burdensome, costly and divert the attention of our personnel, and we may not prevail. In addition, any repeal or weakening of laws or enforcement in the United States or internationally intended to protect intellectual property rights could make it more difficult for us to adequately protect our intellectual property rights, negatively impacting their value and increasing the cost of enforcing our rights.

We may be subject to claims for infringing the intellectual property rights of others, which could be costly and result in the loss of significant intellectual property rights.

We cannot be certain that we do not and will not infringe the intellectual property rights of others. We have been in the past, and may be in the future, subject to litigation and other claims in the ordinary course of our business based on allegations of infringement or other violations of the intellectual property rights of others. Regardless of their merits, intellectual property claims can divert the efforts of our personnel and are often time-consuming and expensive to litigate or settle. In addition, to the extent claims against us are successful, we may have to pay substantial money damages or discontinue, modify, or rename certain products or services that are found to be in violation of another party’s rights. We may have to seek a license (if available on acceptable terms, or at all) to continue offering products and services, which may significantly increase our operating expenses.

 

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Incidents or adverse publicity concerning our theme parks or the theme park industry generally could harm our brands or reputation as well as negatively impact our revenues and profitability.

Our brands and our reputation are among our most important assets. Our ability to attract and retain customers depends, in part, upon the external perceptions of the Company, the quality of our theme parks and services and our corporate and management integrity. The operation of theme parks involves the risk of accidents, illnesses, environmental incidents and other incidents which may negatively affect the perception of guest and employee safety, health, security and guest satisfaction and which could negatively impact our brands or reputation and our business and results of operations. An accident or an injury at any of our theme parks or at theme parks operated by competitors, particularly an accident or an injury involving the safety of guests and employees, that receives media attention, is the topic of a book, film, documentary or is otherwise the subject of public discussions, may harm our brands or reputation, cause a loss of consumer confidence in the Company, reduce attendance at our theme parks and negatively impact our results of operations. Such incidents have occurred in the past and may occur in the future. In addition, other types of adverse publicity concerning our business or the theme park industry generally could harm our brands, reputation and results of operations. The considerable expansion in the use of social media over recent years has compounded the impact of negative publicity.

Animals in our care are important to our theme parks, and they could be exposed to infectious diseases.

Many of our theme parks are distinguished from those of our competitors in that we offer guest interactions with animals. Individual animals, specific species of animals or groups of animals in our collection could be exposed to infectious diseases. While we have never had any such experiences, an outbreak of an infectious disease among any animals in our theme parks or the public’s perception that a certain disease could be harmful to human health may materially adversely affect our animal collection, our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to complex federal and state regulations governing the treatment of animals which can change and to claims and lawsuits by activist groups before government regulators and in the courts.

We operate in a complex and evolving regulatory environment and are subject to various federal and state statutes and regulations and international treaties implemented by federal law. The states in which we operate also regulate zoological activity involving the import and export of exotic and native wildlife, endangered and/or otherwise protected species, zoological display and anti-cruelty statutes. We incur significant compliance costs in connection with these regulations and violation of such regulations could subject us to fines and penalties and result in the loss of our licenses and permits, which, if occurred, could impact our ability to display certain animals. Future amendments to existing statutes, regulations and treaties or new statutes, regulations and treaties may potentially restrict our ability to maintain our animals, or to acquire new ones to supplement or sustain our breeding programs or otherwise adversely affect our business.

Additionally, from time to time, animal activist and other third-party groups may make claims before government agencies and/or bring lawsuits against us. Such claims and lawsuits sometimes are based on allegations that we do not properly care for some of our featured animals. On other occasions, such claims and/or lawsuits are specifically designed to change existing law or enact new law in order to impede our ability to retain, exhibit, acquire or breed animals. While we seek to structure our operations to comply with all applicable federal and state laws and vigorously defend ourselves when sued, there are no assurances as to the outcome of future claims and lawsuits that could be brought against us. In addition, associated negative publicity could adversely affect our reputation and results of operations.

 

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Featuring animals at our theme parks involves risks.

Our theme parks feature numerous displays and interactions that include animals. All animal enterprises involve some degree of risk. All animal interaction by our employees and our guests in attractions in our theme parks, where offered, involves risk. While we maintain strict safety procedures for the protection of our employees and guests, injuries or death, while rare, have occurred in the past. For example, in February 2010, a trainer was killed while engaged in an interaction with a killer whale. Following this incident, we were subject to an inspection by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which resulted in three citations concerning alleged violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and certain regulations thereunder. We have appealed certain of these citations and the appeal process is ongoing. In connection with this incident, we reviewed and revised our safety protocols and made certain safety-related facility enhancements. This incident has also been and continues to be the subject of significant media attention, including television and newspaper coverage, a documentary and a book, as well as discussions in social media. This incident and similar events that may occur in the future may harm our reputation, reduce attendance and negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, six killer whales are presently on loan to a third party. Although the occurrence of any accident or injury involving these killer whales would be outside of our control, any such occurrence could negatively affect our business and reputation.

We maintain insurance of the type and in amounts that we believe is commercially reasonable and that is available to animal enterprise related businesses in the theme park industry. We cannot predict the level of the premiums that we may be required to pay for subsequent insurance coverage, the level of any self-insurance retention applicable thereto, the level of aggregate coverage available, or the availability of coverage for specific risks.

If we lose licenses and permits required to exhibit animals and/or violate laws and regulations, our business will be adversely affected.

We are required to hold government licenses and permits, some of which are subject to yearly or periodic renewal, for purposes of possessing, exhibiting and maintaining animals. Although our theme parks’ licenses and permits have always been renewed in the past, in the event that any of our licenses or permits are not renewed or any of our licenses or permits are revoked, portions of the affected theme park might not be able to remain open for purpose of displaying or retaining the animals covered by such license or permit. Such an outcome could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, we are subject to periodic inspections by federal and state agencies and the subsequent issuance of inspection reports. While we believe that we comply with, or exceed, requisite care and maintenance standards that apply to our animals, government inspectors can cite us for alleged statutory or regulatory violations. In unusual instances when we are cited for an alleged deficiency, we are most often given the opportunity to correct any purported deficiencies without penalty. It is possible, however, that in some cases a federal or state regulator could seek to impose monetary fines on us. In the past, when we have been subjected to governmental claims for fines, the amounts involved were not material to our business, financial condition or results of operations. However, while highly unlikely, we cannot predict whether any future fines that regulators might seek to impose would materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Moreover, many of the statutes under which we operate allow for the imposition of criminal sanctions. While neither of the foregoing situations are likely to occur, either could negatively affect the business, financial condition or results of operations at our theme parks.

 

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A significant portion of our revenues are generated in the States of Florida, California and Virginia and in the Orlando market. Any risks affecting such markets, such as natural disasters and travel-related disruptions or incidents, may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Approximately 55%, 20% and 11% of our revenues in 2012 were generated in the States of Florida, California and Virginia, respectively. In addition, our revenues and results of operations depend significantly on the results of our Orlando theme parks. The Orlando theme park market is extremely competitive, with a high concentration of theme parks operated by several companies.

Any risks described in this prospectus, such as the occurrence of natural disasters and travel-related disruptions or incidents, affecting the States of Florida, California and Virginia generally or our Orlando theme parks in particular may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, especially if they have the effect of decreasing attendance at our theme parks or, in extreme cases, cause us to close any of our theme parks for any period of time. For example, in 2004, the State of Florida was impacted by Hurricanes Charley, Frances and Jeanne, which caused extensive physical damage and power outages in various parts of the State of Florida. Although we attempted to manage our exposure to such events by implementing our hurricane preparedness plan, our theme parks located in Orlando and Tampa, Florida experienced closures of several days as a result of these storms.

Because we operate in a highly competitive industry, our revenues, profits or market share could be harmed if we are unable to compete effectively.

The entertainment industry, and the theme park industry in particular, is highly competitive. Our theme parks compete with other theme, water and amusement parks and with other types of recreational facilities and forms of entertainment, including movies, home entertainment options, sports attractions, restaurants and vacation travel.

Principal direct competitors of our theme parks include theme parks operated by The Walt Disney Company, Universal Studios, Six Flags, Cedar Fair, Merlin Entertainments and Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company. The principal competitive factors of a theme park include location, price, originality and perceived quality of the rides and attractions, the atmosphere and cleanliness of the theme park, the quality of its food and entertainment, weather conditions, ease of travel to the theme park (including direct flights by major airlines), and availability and cost of transportation to a theme park. Certain of our direct competitors have substantially greater financial resources than we do, and they may be able to adapt more quickly to changes in guest preferences or devote greater resources to promotion of their offerings and attractions than us. Our competitors may be able to attract guests to their theme parks in lieu of our own through the development or acquisition of new rides, attractions or shows that are perceived by guests to be of a higher quality and entertainment value. As a result, we may not be able to compete successfully against such competitors.

If we lose key personnel, our business may be adversely affected.

Our success depends in part upon a number of key employees, including members of our senior management team who have extensive experience in the industry. The loss of the services of our key employees could have a materially adverse effect on our business. Presently, we do not have employment agreements with any of our key employees.

Increased labor costs and employee health and welfare benefits may reduce our results of operations.

Labor is a primary component in the cost of operating our business. We devote significant resources to recruiting and training our managers and employees. Increased labor costs due to

 

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competition, increased minimum wage or employee benefit costs or otherwise, would adversely impact our operating expenses. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 and the amendments thereto contain provisions which could materially impact our future healthcare costs. While the legislation’s ultimate impact is not yet known, it is possible that these changes could significantly increase our compensation costs, which would reduce our net income and adversely affect our cash flows.

Unionization activities or labor disputes may disrupt our operations and affect our profitability.

Although none of our employees are currently covered under collective bargaining agreements, we cannot guarantee that our employees will not elect to be represented by labor unions in the future. If some or all of our employees were to become unionized and collective bargaining agreement terms were significantly different from our current compensation arrangements, it could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, a labor dispute involving some or all of our employees may disrupt our operations and reduce our revenues, and resolution of disputes may increase our costs.

Although we maintain binding policies that require employees to submit to a mandatory alternative dispute resolution procedure in lieu of other remedies, as employers, we may be subject to various employment-related claims, such as individual or class actions or government enforcement actions relating to alleged employment discrimination, employee classification and related withholding, wage-hour, labor standards or healthcare and benefit issues. Such actions, if brought against us and successful in whole or in part, may affect our ability to compete or materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our business depends on our ability to meet our workforce needs.

Our success depends on our ability to attract, train, motivate and retain qualified employees to keep pace with our needs, including employees with certain specialized skills in the field of animal training and care. If we are unable to do so, our results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected.

In addition, we employ a significant seasonal workforce. We recruit year-round to fill thousands of seasonal staffing positions each season and work to manage seasonal wages and the timing of the hiring process to ensure the appropriate workforce is in place. There is no assurance that we will be able to recruit and hire adequate seasonal personnel as the business requires or that we will not experience material increases in the cost of securing our seasonal workforce in the future. Increased seasonal wages or an inadequate workforce could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our growth strategy may not achieve the anticipated results.

Our future success will depend on our ability to grow our business, including through capital investments to improve existing and create new theme parks, rides, attractions and shows, as well as in-park product offerings and product offerings outside of our theme parks. Our growth and innovation strategies require significant commitments of management resources and capital investments and may not grow our revenues at the rate we expect or at all. As a result, we may not be able to recover the costs incurred in developing our new projects and initiatives or to realize their intended or projected benefits, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

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We may not be able to fund theme park capital expenditures and investment in future attractions and projects.

A principal competitive factor for a theme park is the originality and perceived quality of its rides and attractions. We need to make continued capital investments through maintenance and the regular addition of new rides and attractions. Our ability to fund capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations and to raise capital from third parties. We cannot assure you that our operations will be able to generate sufficient cash flow to fund such costs, or that we will be able to obtain sufficient financing on adequate terms, or at all, which could cause us to delay or abandon certain projects or plans.

The high fixed cost structure of theme park operations can result in significantly lower margins if revenues decline.

A large portion of our expenses is relatively fixed because the costs for full-time employees, maintenance, animal care, utilities, advertising and insurance do not vary significantly with attendance. These fixed costs may increase at a greater rate than our revenues and may not be able to be reduced at the same rate as declining revenues. If cost-cutting efforts are insufficient to offset declines in revenues or are impracticable, we could experience a material decline in margins, revenues, profitability and reduced or negative cash flows. Such effects can be especially pronounced during periods of economic contraction or slow economic growth, such as the recent economic recession.

If we are unable to maintain certain commercial licenses, our business, reputation and brand could be adversely affected.

We rely on licenses from Sesame Workshop to use the Sesame Place tradename and trademark and certain other intellectual property rights, including titles, marks, characters, logos and designs from the Sesame Street television series within our Sesame Place theme park and with respect to Sesame Street themed areas within certain areas of some of our other theme parks, as well as in connection with the sales of certain Sesame Street themed products. Our use of these intellectual property rights is subject to the approval of Sesame Workshop and the licenses may be terminated in certain limited circumstances or in the event of our bankruptcy. Furthermore, the current term of both the Sesame Place theme park license and the multi-park license expire on December 31, 2021, and there is no assurance that we will be able to renegotiate the use of such intellectual property on commercially acceptable terms or at all. The new terms of the licenses may significantly increase our operating expenses, or otherwise adversely affect our business.

ABI is the owner of the Busch Gardens trademarks and domain names. ABI has granted us a perpetual, exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license to use the Busch Gardens trademark and certain related domain names in connection with the operation, marketing, promotion and advertising of certain of our theme parks, as well as in connection with the production, use, distribution and sale of merchandise sold in connection with such theme parks. Under the license, we are required to indemnify ABI against losses related to our use of the marks. If we were to lose or have to renegotiate this license, our business may be adversely affected.

Changes in consumer tastes and preferences for entertainment and consumer products could reduce demand for our entertainment offerings and products and adversely affect the profitability of our business.

The success of our business depends on our ability to consistently provide, maintain and expand theme park attractions as well as create and distribute media programming, online material and consumer products that meet changing consumer preferences. In addition, consumers from outside the United States constitute an increasingly important portion of our theme park attendance, and our

 

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success depends in part on our ability to successfully predict and adapt to tastes and preferences of this consumer group. If our entertainment offerings and products do not achieve sufficient consumer acceptance or if consumer preferences change, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Our existing debt agreements contain, and future debt agreements may contain, restrictions that may limit our flexibility in operating our business.

Our existing debt agreements contain, and documents governing our future indebtedness may contain, numerous financial and operating covenants that limit the discretion of management with respect to certain business matters. These covenants place restrictions on, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends and other distributions, make capital expenditures, make certain loans, investments and other restricted payments, enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, engage in certain transactions with stockholders or affiliates, sell certain assets or engage in mergers, acquisitions and other business combinations, amend or otherwise alter the terms of our indebtedness, alter the business that we conduct, guarantee indebtedness or incur other contingent obligations and create liens. Our existing debt agreements also require, and documents governing our future indebtedness may require, us to meet certain financial ratios and tests. Our ability to comply with these and other provisions of the existing debt agreements is dependent on our future performance, which will be subject to many factors, some of which are beyond our control. The breach of any of these covenants or non-compliance with any of these financial ratios and tests could result in an event of default under the existing debt agreements, which, if not cured or waived, could result in acceleration of the related debt and the acceleration of debt under other instruments evidencing indebtedness that may contain cross-acceleration or cross-default provisions. Variable rate indebtedness subjects us to the risk of higher interest rates, which could cause our future debt service obligations to increase significantly.

Our substantial leverage could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry, expose us to interest rate risk to the extent of our variable rate debt and prevent us from meeting our obligations under our indebtedness.

We are highly leveraged. As of September 30, 2013, our total indebtedness was approximately $1,643.5 million. Our high degree of leverage could have important consequences, including the following: (i) a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations is dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on indebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available for operations, future business opportunities and capital expenditures; (ii) our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate purposes in the future may be limited; (iii) certain of the borrowings are at variable rates of interest, which will increase our vulnerability to increases in interest rates; (iv) we are at a competitive disadvantage to lesser leveraged competitors; (v) we may be unable to adjust rapidly to changing market conditions; (vi) the debt service requirements of our other indebtedness could make it more difficult for us to satisfy our financial obligations; and (vii) we may be vulnerable in a downturn in general economic conditions or in our business and we may be unable to carry out activities that are important to our growth.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, or to pay interest on, or to refinance indebtedness depends on and is subject to our financial and operating performance, which in turn is affected by general and regional economic, financial, competitive, business and other factors beyond our control, including the availability of financing in the international banking and capital markets. If unable to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt or to fund our other liquidity needs, we will need to restructure or refinance all or a portion of our debt, which could cause us to default on our obligations and impair our liquidity. Any refinancing of our indebtedness could be at higher interest

 

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rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants that could further restrict our business operations. We from time to time may increase the amount of our indebtedness, modify the terms of our financing arrangements, issue dividends, make capital expenditures and take other actions that may substantially increase our leverage.

Despite our significant leverage, we may be able to incur significant additional amounts of debt, which could further exacerbate the risks associated with our significant leverage.

Our operating results are subject to seasonal fluctuations.

We have historically experienced and expect to continue to experience seasonal fluctuations in our annual theme park attendance and revenue, which are typically higher in our second and third quarters, partly because six of our theme parks are only open for a portion of the year. Approximately two-thirds of our attendance and revenues are generated in the second and third quarters of the year and we typically incur a net loss in the first and fourth quarters. In addition, school vacations and school start dates also cause fluctuations in our quarterly theme park attendance and revenue.

Furthermore, the operating season at some of our theme parks, including Adventure Island, Aquatica San Diego, Busch Gardens Williamsburg, Water Country USA and Sesame Place, is of limited duration. In addition, most of our expenses for maintenance and costs of adding new attractions at our seasonal theme parks are incurred when the operating season is over, which may increase the need for borrowing to fund such expenses during such periods.

When conditions or events described in this section occur during the operating season, particularly during the second and third quarters, there is only a limited period of time during which the impact of those conditions or events can be mitigated. Accordingly, such conditions or events may have a disproportionately adverse effect on our revenues and cash flow.

We may not realize the benefits of acquisitions or other strategic initiatives.

Our business strategy may include selective expansion, both domestically and internationally, through acquisitions of assets or other strategic initiatives, such as joint ventures, that allow us to profitably expand our business and leverage our brands. The success of our acquisitions depends on effective integration of acquired businesses and assets into our operations, which is subject to risks and uncertainties, including realization of anticipated synergies and cost savings, the ability to retain and attract personnel, the diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns, and undisclosed or potential legal liabilities of an acquired businesses or assets. Additionally, any international transactions are subject to additional risks, including the impact of economic fluctuations in economies outside of the United States, difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations due to distance, language and cultural differences, as well as political instability and lesser degree of legal protection in certain jurisdictions, currency exchange fluctuations and potentially adverse tax consequences of overseas operations.

Adverse litigation judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings in which we may be involved in the normal course of our business could reduce our profits or limit our ability to operate our business.

We are subject to allegations, claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of our business, which may include claims by third parties, including guests who visit our theme parks, our employees or regulators. The outcome of many of these proceedings cannot be predicted. If any of these proceedings were to be determined adversely to us, a judgment, a fine or a settlement involving a payment of a material sum of money were to occur, or injunctive relief were issued against us, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

 

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Our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover all possible losses that we could suffer and our insurance costs may increase.

We seek to maintain comprehensive insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates. Although we maintain various safety and loss prevention programs and carry property and casualty insurance to cover certain risks, our insurance policies do not cover all types of losses and liabilities. There can be no assurance that our insurance will be sufficient to cover the full extent of all losses or liabilities for which we are insured, and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to renew our current insurance policies on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, if we or other theme park operators sustain significant losses or make significant insurance claims, then our ability to obtain future insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates could be materially adversely affected.

We may be unable to purchase or contract with third-party manufacturers for our theme park rides and attractions.

We may be unable to purchase or contract with third parties to build high quality rides and attractions and to continue to service and maintain those rides and attractions at competitive or beneficial prices, or to provide the replacement parts needed to maintain the operation of such rides. In addition, if our third-party suppliers’ financial condition deteriorates or they go out of business, we may not be able to obtain the full benefit of manufacturer warranties or indemnities typically contained in our contracts or may need to incur greater costs for the maintenance, repair, replacement or insurance of these assets.

Our operations and our ownership of property subject us to environmental requirements, and to environmental expenditures and liabilities.

We incur costs to comply with environmental requirements, such as those relating to water use, wastewater and storm water management and disposal, air emissions control, hazardous materials management, solid and hazardous waste disposal, and the clean-up of properties affected by regulated materials.

We have been required and continue to investigate and clean-up hazardous or toxic substances or chemical releases, and other releases, from current or formerly owned or operated facilities. In addition, in the ordinary course of our business, we generate, use and dispose of large volumes of water, including saltwater, which requires us to comply with a number of federal, state and local regulations and to incur significant expenses. Failure to comply with such regulations could subject us to fines and penalties and/or require us to incur additional expenses. Although we are not now classified as a large quantity generator of hazardous waste, we do store and handle hazardous materials to operate and maintain our equipment and facilities and have done so historically.

We cannot assure you that we will not be required to incur substantial costs to comply with new or expanded environmental requirements in the future or to investigate or clean-up new or newly identified environmental conditions, which could also impair our ability to use or transfer the affected properties and to obtain financing.

Cyber security risks and the failure to maintain the integrity of internal or guest data could result in damages to our reputation and/or subject us to costs, fines or lawsuits.

We collect and retain large volumes of internal and guest data, including credit card numbers and other personally identifiable information, for business purposes, including for transactional or target marketing and promotional purposes, and our various information technology systems enter, process, summarize and report such data. We also maintain personally identifiable information about our

 

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employees. The integrity and protection of our guest, employee and Company data is critical to our business and our guests and employees have a high expectation that we will adequately protect their personal information. The regulatory environment, as well as the requirements imposed on us by the credit card industry, governing information, security and privacy laws is increasingly demanding and continue to evolve. Maintaining compliance with applicable security and privacy regulations may increase our operating costs and/or adversely impact our ability to market our theme parks, products and services to our guests. Furthermore, a penetrated or compromised data system or the intentional, inadvertent or negligent release or disclosure of data could result in theft, loss, fraudulent or unlawful use of guest, employee or Company data which could harm our reputation or result in remedial and other costs, fines or lawsuits.

The suspension or termination of any of our business licenses may have a negative impact on our business.

We maintain a variety of business licenses issued by federal, state and local authorities that are renewable on a periodic basis. We cannot guarantee that we will be successful in renewing all of our licenses on a periodic basis. The suspension, termination or expiration of one or more of these licenses could materially adversely affect our revenues and profits. In addition, any changes to the licensing requirements for any of our licenses could affect our ability to maintain the licenses.

We have a limited operating history as a stand-alone company, which makes it difficult to predict our future prospects and financial performance.

We began operating as a stand-alone company in December 2009, following the 2009 Transactions, and, as a result, have a limited operating history as an independent company. Accordingly, you should consider our future prospects in light of the risks and challenges encountered by a company with a limited operating history. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully meet the challenges, uncertainties, expenses and difficulties encountered by us or that we will be successful in accomplishing our objectives. Our limited operating history as a stand-alone company makes it difficult to predict our future prospects and financial performance.

Affiliates of Blackstone will continue to be able to significantly influence our decisions after the completion of this offering and their interests may conflict with ours or yours in the future.

Immediately following this offering of common stock and the share repurchase, affiliates of Blackstone will beneficially own approximately 46.0% of our common stock. As a result, investment funds associated with or designated by affiliates of Blackstone will have the ability to elect members of our Board of Directors and thereby continue to influence our policies and operations, including the appointment of management, future issuances of our common stock or other securities, the payment of dividends, if any, on our common stock, the incurrence or modification of debt by us, amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and the entering into of extraordinary transactions, and their interests may not in all cases be aligned with your interests. In addition, Blackstone may have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures and other transactions that, in its judgment, could enhance its investment, even though such transactions might involve risks to you. For example, Blackstone may be interested in making acquisitions that increase our indebtedness or in selling revenue-generating assets. Additionally, in certain circumstances, acquisitions of debt at a discount by purchasers that are related to a debtor can give rise to cancellation of indebtedness income to such debtor for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Blackstone is in the business of making investments in companies and may from time to time acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. For example, Blackstone owns a substantial stake in Merlin Entertainments Group, which operates the Legoland theme parks, and certain other investments in the leisure and hospitality industries.

 

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Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that none of Blackstone, any of its affiliates or any director who is not employed by us (including any non-employee director who serves as one of our officers in both his director and officer capacities) or his or her affiliates will have any duty to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same business activities or similar business activities or lines of business in which we operate. Blackstone also may pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. So long as affiliates of Blackstone continue to own a significant amount of our combined voting power, even if such amount is less than 50%, Blackstone will continue to be able to influence our decisions and, so long as Blackstone and its affiliates collectively own at least 5% of all outstanding shares of our stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, it will be able to appoint individuals to our Board of Directors under the stockholders agreement. In addition, Blackstone will be able to influence the outcome of all matters requiring stockholder approval and prevent a change of control of the Company or a change in the composition of our Board of Directors and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of the Company. The concentration of ownership could deprive you of an opportunity to receive a premium for your shares of common stock as part of a sale of the Company and ultimately might affect the market price of our common stock.

Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock

Our stock price may change significantly following the offering, and you may not be able to resell shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid or at all, and you could lose all or part of your investment as a result.

The trading price of our common stock is likely to continue to be volatile. The stock market recently has experienced significant volatility. This volatility often has been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. You may not be able to resell your shares at or above the offering price due to a number of factors such as those listed in “—Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry” and the following:

 

  Ÿ  

results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;

 

  Ÿ  

results of operations that vary from those of our competitors;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates and investment recommendations by securities analysts and investors;

 

  Ÿ  

declines in the market prices of stocks generally, or those of amusement and theme parks companies;

 

  Ÿ  

strategic actions by us or our competitors;

 

  Ÿ  

announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, new products, acquisitions, joint marketing relationships, joint ventures, other strategic relationships or capital commitments;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in general economic or market conditions or trends in our industry or markets;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in business or regulatory conditions;

 

  Ÿ  

future sales of our common stock or other securities;

 

  Ÿ  

investor perceptions or the investment opportunity associated with our common stock relative to other investment alternatives;

 

  Ÿ  

the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by us or third parties, including our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”);

 

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  Ÿ  

announcements relating to litigation;

 

  Ÿ  

guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance or our failure to meet this guidance;

 

  Ÿ  

the development and sustainability of an active trading market for our stock;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in accounting principles; and

 

  Ÿ  

other events or factors, including those resulting from natural disasters, war, acts of terrorism or responses to these events.

These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our common stock is low.

In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we were involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of executive management from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.

We cannot assure you that we will continue to pay dividends on our common stock, and our indebtedness could limit our ability to continue to pay dividends on our common stock.

We intend to continue to pay cash dividends on our common stock, subject to our compliance with applicable law, and depending on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, level of indebtedness, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, restrictions in our debt agreements and in any preferred stock, business prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. However, the payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends in the future. For more information, see “Dividend Policy. ”

If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they downgrade our stock or our sector, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock relies in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not control these analysts. Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who do cover us downgrade our stock or our industry, or the stock of any of our competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of the Company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by us or our existing stockholders in the public market following this offering could cause the market price for our common stock to decline.

After this offering, the sale of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of our common stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.

Upon the consummation of this offering and the share repurchase, we will have a total of 91,785,717 shares of common stock outstanding (based on the number of shares outstanding as of November 15, 2013). All shares sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), except that any shares

 

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held by our affiliates, as that term is defined under Rule 144 of the Securities Act (“Rule 144”), including our directors, executive officers and other affiliates (including affiliates of Blackstone) may be sold only in compliance with the limitations described in “Shares Eligible for Future Sale.”

The 44,212,089 shares held by the Partnerships and certain of our directors, officers and employees immediately following the consummation of this offering and the share repurchase will represent approximately 48.2% of our total outstanding shares of common stock following this offering and the share repurchase, based on the number of shares outstanding as of November 15, 2013. Such shares will be “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 and subject to certain restrictions on resale following the consummation of this offering. Restricted securities may be sold in the public market only if they are registered under the Securities Act or are sold pursuant to an exemption from registration such as Rule 144, as described in “Shares Eligible for Future Sale.”

In connection with this offering, we, our directors, executive officers and the selling stockholders have each agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions (including with respect to any shares to be sold in the share repurchase), not to dispose of or hedge any of our or their common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock during the period from the date of this prospectus continuing through the date 90 days after the date of this prospectus, except with the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters. See “Underwriting.”

Upon the expiration of the lock-up agreements described above, shares held by the Partnerships and certain of our directors, officers and employees will be eligible for resale, subject to volume, manner of sale and other limitations under Rule 144. In addition, pursuant to a registration rights agreement entered into in connection with the 2009 Transactions, we granted the Partnerships the right, subject to certain conditions, to require us to register the sale of their shares of our common stock under the Securities Act. By exercising their registration rights and selling a large number of shares, the Partnerships could cause the prevailing market price of our common stock to decline. Following the completion of this offering and the share repurchase, the shares covered by registration rights will represent approximately 46.0% of our outstanding common stock (or 43.6%, if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares). Registration of any of these outstanding shares of common stock would result in such shares becoming freely tradable without compliance with Rule 144 upon effectiveness of the registration statement. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale.”

As restrictions on resale end or if these stockholders exercise their registration rights, the market price of our shares of common stock could drop significantly if the holders of these shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to raise additional funds through future offerings of our shares of common stock or other securities.

In addition, the shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan will become eligible for sale in the public market once those shares are issued, subject to provisions relating to various vesting agreements, lock-up agreements and Rule 144, as applicable. A total of 15,000,000 shares of common stock was reserved for issuance under the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan, of which 14,527,673 shares of common stock remain available for future issuance at November 15, 2013. The special pricing committee of the Board of Directors may determine the exact number of shares to be reserved for future issuance under the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan at its discretion.

In the future, we may also issue our securities in connection with investments or acquisitions. The amount of shares of our common stock issued in connection with an investment or acquisition could constitute a material portion of our then-outstanding shares of our common stock. Any issuance of additional securities in connection with investments or acquisitions may result in additional dilution to you.

 

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Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents could delay or prevent a change of control.

Certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a merger, acquisition, tender offer, takeover attempt or other change of control transaction that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders.

These provisions provide for, among other things:

 

  Ÿ  

a classified Board of Directors with staggered three-year terms;

 

  Ÿ  

the ability of our Board of Directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock;

 

  Ÿ  

advance notice for nominations of directors by stockholders and for stockholders to include matters to be considered at our annual meetings;

 

  Ÿ  

certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings;

 

  Ÿ  

the removal of directors only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% in voting power of all the then-outstanding shares of stock of the Company entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, if Blackstone and its affiliates beneficially own, in the aggregate, less than 40% in voting power of the stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors; and

 

  Ÿ  

that certain provisions may be amended only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% in voting power of all the then-outstanding shares of stock of the Company entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, if Blackstone and its affiliates beneficially own, in the aggregate, less than 40% in voting power of the stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.

These anti-takeover provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if the third-party’s offer may be considered beneficial by many of our stockholders. As a result, our stockholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares. See “Description of Capital Stock.”

Upon completion of this offering, we will no longer be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NYSE rules and the rules of the SEC. However, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements during a one year transition period.

Blackstone will no longer own a majority of our outstanding common stock after the completion of this offering. As a result, we will no longer be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance standards contained in Section 303A of the NYSE Listed Company Manual. Consequently, the NYSE rules will require that we (i) appoint a majority of independent directors to our Board of Directors within one year of the date we no longer qualify as a “controlled company” and (ii) appoint at least one independent director to each of the compensation and nominating and governance committees on the date we no longer qualify as a “controlled company,” at least a majority of independent directors within 90 days of such date and that the compensation and nominating and governance committees be composed entirely of independent directors within one year of such date. During these transition periods, we may continue to utilize the available exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements as permitted by the NYSE rules.

Accordingly, during the transition periods you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE.

 

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In addition, although we will no longer be a “controlled company” after the completion of this offering, Blackstone will continue to be able to significantly influence our decisions. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry—Affiliates of Blackstone will continue to be able to significantly influence our decisions after the completion of this offering and their interests may conflict with ours or yours in the future,” “Description of Capital Stock” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

We may be unsuccessful in implementing required internal controls over financial reporting.

As a result of becoming a public company, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanex-Oxley Act of 2002, our management will be required to report on, and our independent registered public accounting firm to attest to, the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.

In connection with the audit for the years ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012 and the review for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we identified certain significant deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting. If we fail to remediate the significant deficiencies identified, fail to remediate any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses that may be identified in the future, or encounter problems or delays in the implementation of internal controls over financial reporting, we may be unable to conclude that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in our implementation of our internal controls over financial reporting could result in material misstatements that are not prevented or detected on a timely basis, which could potentially subject us to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Ineffective internal controls could cause investors to lose confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements and cause a decline in the price of our common stock.

Non-U.S. holders who own or owned more than a certain ownership threshold may be subject to United States federal income tax on gain realized on the disposition of our common stock.

We believe that we are currently a U.S. real property holding corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. So long as our common stock continues to be regularly traded on an established securities market, a non-U.S. holder (as defined in “Material United States Federal Income and Estate Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders”) who purchases common stock in this offering and holds or held (at any time during the shorter of the five year period preceding the date of disposition or the holder’s holding period) more than 5% of our common stock will be subject to United States federal income tax on the disposition of our common stock. Non-U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors concerning the consequences of disposing of shares of our common stock.

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. All statements, other than statements of historical facts included in this prospectus, including statements concerning our plans, objectives, goals, beliefs, business strategies, future events, business conditions, our results of operations, financial position and our business outlook, business trends and other information referred to under “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Dividend Policy,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” are forward-looking statements. When used in this prospectus, the words “estimates,” “expects,” “contemplates,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “intends,” “believes,” “forecasts,” “may,” “should” and variations of such words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based upon our current expectations, beliefs, estimates and projections, and various assumptions, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Our expectations, beliefs, estimates and projections are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. However, there can be no assurance that management’s expectations, beliefs, estimates and projections will result or be achieved and actual results may vary materially from what is expressed in or indicated by the forward-looking statements.

There are a number of risks, uncertainties and other important factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus. Such risks, uncertainties and other important factors include, among others, the risks, uncertainties and factors set forth above under “Risk Factors,” and the following risks, uncertainties and factors:

 

  Ÿ  

a decline in discretionary consumer spending or consumer confidence;

 

  Ÿ  

various factors beyond our control adversely affecting attendance and guest spending at our theme parks;

 

  Ÿ  

inability to protect our intellectual property or the infringement on intellectual property rights of others;

 

  Ÿ  

incidents or adverse publicity concerning our theme parks;

 

  Ÿ  

outbreak of infectious disease affecting our animals;

 

  Ÿ  

change in federal and state regulations governing the treatment of animals;

 

  Ÿ  

featuring animals at our theme parks;

 

  Ÿ  

the loss of licenses and permits required to exhibit animals;

 

  Ÿ  

significant portion of revenues generated in the States of Florida, California and Virginia and the Orlando market;

 

  Ÿ  

inability to compete effectively;

 

  Ÿ  

loss of key personnel;

 

  Ÿ  

increased labor costs;

 

  Ÿ  

unionization activities or labor disputes;

 

  Ÿ  

inability to meet workforce needs;

 

  Ÿ  

inability to execute our growth strategy;

 

  Ÿ  

inability to fund theme park capital expenditures;

 

  Ÿ  

high fixed cost structure of theme park operations;

 

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  Ÿ  

inability to maintain certain commercial licenses;

 

  Ÿ  

changing consumer tastes and preferences;

 

  Ÿ  

restrictions in our debt agreements limiting flexibility in operating our business;

 

  Ÿ  

our substantial leverage;

 

  Ÿ  

seasonal fluctuations;

 

  Ÿ  

inability to realize the benefits of acquisitions or other strategic initiatives;

 

  Ÿ  

adverse litigation judgments or settlements;

 

  Ÿ  

inadequate insurance coverage;

 

  Ÿ  

inability to purchase or contract with third-party manufacturers for rides and attractions;

 

  Ÿ  

environmental regulations, expenditures and liabilities;

 

  Ÿ  

cyber security risks;

 

  Ÿ  

suspension or termination of any of our business licenses;

 

  Ÿ  

our limited operating history as a stand-alone company; and

 

  Ÿ  

although we will no longer be a “controlled company” after the completion of this offering, Blackstone will be able to significantly influence our decisions.

There may be other factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements, including factors disclosed under the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this prospectus. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made in this prospectus in the context of these risks and uncertainties.

We caution you that the risks, uncertainties and other factors referenced above may not contain all of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that are important to you. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will realize the results, benefits or developments that we expect or anticipate or, even if substantially realized, that they will result in the consequences or affect us or our business in the way expected. All forward-looking statements in this prospectus apply only as of the date made and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this prospectus. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

The selling stockholders will receive all of the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of our common stock in this offering. Pursuant to the registration rights agreement entered into in connection with the 2009 Transactions, we will pay all expenses (other than the underwriting discount and commissions) of the selling stockholders in connection with this offering. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders, including any sales pursuant to the option to purchase additional shares.

 

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PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK

Our common stock has traded on the NYSE under the symbol “SEAS” since April 19, 2013. Prior to that time, there was no public market for our common stock. The following table sets forth the high and low intraday sales prices per share of our common stock, as reported by the NYSE, for the periods indicated.

 

     High      Low  

2013

     

Quarter ended June 30, 2013

   $ 39.65       $ 30.26   

Quarter ended September 30, 2013

   $ 39.19       $ 28.38   

The closing sale price of our common stock, as reported by the NYSE, on November 15, 2013 was $31.50. As of November 15, 2013, there were 148 holders of record of our common stock.

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

In 2011 and 2012, we paid special dividends of $110.1 million and $500.0 million, respectively, to our stockholders (net of required withholdings).

In June 2013, our Board of Directors adopted a policy to pay a regular quarterly cash dividend. Pursuant to this policy, we paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.20 per share on July 1 and October 1, 2013.

We intend to continue to pay cash dividends on our common stock, subject to our compliance with applicable law, and depending on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, level of indebtedness, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, restrictions in our debt agreements and in any preferred stock, business prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. However, the payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and our Board of Directors may, at any time, modify or revoke our dividend policy on our common stock.

Our ability to pay dividends depends on our receipt of cash dividends from our operating subsidiaries, which may further restrict our ability to pay dividends as a result of the laws of their jurisdiction of organization, agreements of our subsidiaries or covenants under any existing and future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur. In particular, the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute cash to SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. to pay dividends is limited by covenants in our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and the indenture governing the Senior Notes. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Description of Indebtedness” for a description of the restrictions on our ability to pay dividends.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of September 30, 2013.

You should read this table in conjunction with the information contained in “Use of Proceeds,” “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Description of Indebtedness,” as well as the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

     As of
September 30,  2013
 
     (Dollars in thousands,
except per share amount)
 

Cash and cash equivalents(1)

   $ 210,516   
  

 

 

 

Long-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt:

  

Senior Secured Credit Facility:

  

Revolving Credit Facility

   $ —    

Term B-2 Loans

     1,401,487   

Senior Notes

     260,000   

Unamortized discount on long term-debt

     (17,948
  

 

 

 

Total debt

     1,643,539   
  

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity:

  

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at September 30, 2013

     —     

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 89,626,525 shares, issued and outstanding at September 30, 2013(1)(2)

     896   

Additional paid-in capital(1)

     688,927   

Accumulated other comprehensive gain

     199   

Retained earnings

     39,265   
  

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity(1)

     729,287   
  

 

 

 

Total capitalization(1)

   $ 2,372,826   
  

 

 

 

 

(1) If the share repurchase is approved by the special committee of our Board of Directors, we will use cash on hand to fund the share repurchase and any repurchased shares would no longer be outstanding. As a result of the share repurchase, the amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, aggregate par value of our outstanding common stock, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization would be reduced accordingly.
(2) The number of outstanding shares excludes 3,677,309 unvested shares of common stock held by certain participants in the Company’s equity compensation plan and 14,505,710 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan as of September 30, 2013.

 

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SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables set forth our selected historical consolidated financial and operating data as of the dates and for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, for the one month period ended December 31, 2009 and as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

The selected financial data as of and for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and the selected financial data for the one month period ended December 31, 2009 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus. The selected financial data as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 have been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical operating results are not necessarily indicative of future operating results.

On December 1, 2009, investment funds affiliated with Blackstone and certain co-investors, through SeaWorld Entertainment, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, SWPEI, acquired 100% of the equity interests of Sea World LLC and SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment LLC (f/k/a Busch Entertainment Corporation) from subsidiaries of Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. The Predecessor Financial Information is not presented in this prospectus because it is not comparable and therefore not meaningful to a prospective investor. The Predecessor Financial Information does not fully reflect our operations on a stand-alone basis and we believe would not materially contribute to an investor’s understanding of our historical financial performance. The Predecessor Financial Information prepared on a basis comparable with our consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus is not available and cannot be provided without unreasonable effort and expense. We believe that the omission of the Predecessor Financial Information would not have a material impact on an investor’s understanding of our financial results and condition, cash flows and related trends.

The following tables should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

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    Nine Months Ended
September 30,
    Year Ended
December 31,
    One Month
Period Ended
December 31,
 
    2013     2012     2012     2011     2010            2009(1)        
   

(Amounts in thousands, except per share and

per capita amounts)

 
    (Unaudited)           

Statement of operations data:

         

Net revenues

           

Admissions

  $ 747,610      $ 715,842      $ 884,407      $ 824,937      $ 730,368      $ 45,060   

Food, merchandise and other

    440,681        444,737        539,345        505,837        465,735        27,918   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

    1,188,291        1,160,579        1,423,752        1,330,774        1,196,103        72,978   

Costs and expenses

           

Cost of food, merchandise and other revenues

    93,224        99,109        118,559        112,498        97,871        5,472   

Operating expenses

    570,559        560,145        726,509        687,999        673,829        51,957   

Selling, general and administrative

    149,581        150,571        184,920        172,368        159,506        11,544   

Termination of advisory agreement

    50,072        —          —          —          —          —     

Depreciation and amortization

    124,154        122,085        166,975        213,592        207,156        17,973   

Acquisition-related expenses

    —          —          —          —          —          67,966   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

    987,590        931,910        1,196,963        1,186,457        1,138,362        154,912   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

    200,701        228,669        226,789        144,317        57,741        (81,934

Other income (expense), net

    193        2,110        1,563        (1,679     1,937        30   

Interest expense

    72,550        86,263        111,426        110,097        134,383        11,501   

Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and deferred financing costs

    32,429        —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

    95,915        144,516        116,926        32,541        (74,705     (93,405

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

    31,930        58,273        39,482        13,428        (29,241     (35,664
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $ 63,985      $ 86,243      $ 77,444      $ 19,113      $ (45,464   $ (57,741
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

  $ 63,985      $ 86,243      $ 77,444      $ 19,113      $ (45,464   $ (57,741
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Per share data(2):

           

Basic net income (loss) per share

  $ 0.74      $ 1.05      $ 0.94      $ 0.23      $ (0.56   $ (0.71
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Diluted net income (loss) per share

  $ 0.73      $ 1.04      $ 0.93      $ 0.23      $ (0.56   $ (0.71
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of shares used in per share amounts

           

Basic

    86,867        82,480        82,480        81,392        80,800        80,800   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Diluted

    87,531        83,301        83,552        82,024        80,800        80,800   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other financial and operating data:

           

Capital expenditures

  $ (125,852   $ (154,976   $ 191,745      $ 225,316      $ 120,196      $ 3,149   

Attendance

    18,926        19,862        24,391        23,631        22,433        1,402   

Total revenue per capita

  $ 62.79      $ 58.43      $ 58.37      $ 56.31      $ 53.32      $ 52.05   

 

     As of September 30,      As of December 31,  
     2013      2012      2011      2010  
    

(Amounts in thousands)

 
     (Unaudited)                       

Consolidated balance sheet data (at end of period):

           

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 210,516       $ 45,675       $ 66,663       $ 123,697   

Total assets

   $     2,658,136       $     2,521,052       $     2,547,095       $     2,621,281   

Total long-term debt

   $ 1,643,539       $ 1,823,974       $
1,417,887
  
   $ 1,410,529   

Total equity

   $ 729,287       $ 449,848       $ 872,467       $ 949,795   

 

(1) Reflects our financial results from December 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009, which is the period in which we first became an independent, stand-alone entity in connection with the 2009 Transactions.
(2) All share and per share amounts reflect an eight-for-one stock split of our common stock effected on April 8, 2013.

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion contains management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations and should be read together with “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data” and the historical consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs and involve numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those described in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. You should carefully read “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.”

Business Overview

We are a leading theme park and entertainment company delivering personal, interactive and educational experiences that blend imagination with nature and enable our customers to celebrate, connect with and care for the natural world we share. We own or license a portfolio of globally recognized brands, including SeaWorld, Shamu and Busch Gardens. Over our more than 50 year history, we have built a diversified portfolio of 11 destination and regional theme parks that are grouped in key markets across the United States, many of which showcase our one-of-a-kind collection of approximately 67,000 marine and terrestrial animals. Our theme parks feature a diverse array of rides, shows and other attractions with broad demographic appeal which deliver memorable experiences and a strong value proposition for our guests. In addition to our theme parks, we have recently begun to leverage our brands into media, entertainment and consumer products. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we hosted more than 24 million guests in our theme parks, including approximately 3.5 million international guests from over 55 countries and six continents. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we hosted approximately 18.9 million guests, including approximately 2.9 million international guests. In the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we had total revenues of $1,423.8 million and $1,188.3 million, respectively, and net income of $77.4 million and $64.0 million, respectively.

Key Business Metrics Evaluated by Management

Attendance

We define attendance as the number of guest visits to our theme parks. Increased attendance drives increased admission revenue to our theme parks as well as total in-park spending. The level of attendance at our theme parks is a function of many factors, including the opening of new attractions and shows, weather, global and regional economic conditions, competitive offerings and overall consumer confidence in the economy.

Total Revenue Per Capita

Total revenue per capita, defined as total revenue divided by total attendance, consists of admission per capita and in-park per capita spending:

 

  Ÿ  

Admission Per Capita.    We calculate admission per capita for any period as total admission revenue divided by total attendance. Theme park admissions accounted for approximately 62% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2012. Over the same period of time, we reported $36.26 in admission per capita, representing an increase of 3.9%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, theme park admissions accounted for approximately 63% of our revenue and we reported $39.50 in admission per capita, representing on increase of 9.6% from the same period in 2012. Admission per capita is driven by ticket pricing, the mix of tickets purchased (such as single day, multi-day and annual pass) and the mix of attendance by theme parks visited.

 

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  Ÿ  

In-Park Per Capita Spending.     We calculate in-park per capita spending for any period as total food, merchandise and other revenue divided by total attendance. For the year ended December 31, 2012, in-park per capita spending accounted for approximately 38% of our revenue. Over the same time period, we reported $22.11 of in-park per capita spending, representing an increase of 3.3%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, food, merchandise and other revenue accounted for approximately 37% of our total revenue and we reported $23.28 of in-park per capita spending, representing an increase of 4.0% from the same period in 2012. In-park per capita spending is driven by pricing changes, penetration levels (percentage of guests purchasing), new product offerings, the mix of guests and the mix of in-park spending.

Trends Affecting Our Results of Operations

Our success depends to a significant extent on discretionary consumer spending, which is heavily influenced by general economic conditions and the availability of discretionary income. The recent severe economic downturn, coupled with high volatility and uncertainty as to the future global economic landscape, has had and continues to have an adverse effect on consumers’ discretionary income and consumer confidence. Difficult economic conditions and recessionary periods may adversely impact attendance figures, the frequency with which guests choose to visit our theme parks and guest spending patterns at our theme parks. Historically, our revenue and attendance growth have been highly correlated with domestic economic growth, as reflected in the gross domestic product (GDP) and the overall level of growth in domestic consumer spending. For example, in 2009 and 2010, we experienced a decline in attendance as a result of the global economic crisis, which in turn adversely affected our revenue and profitability. We expect that forecasted moderate improvements in GDP and growth in domestic consumer spending will have a positive impact on our future performance. Both attendance and total per capita spending at our theme parks are key drivers of our revenue and profitability, and reductions in either can materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

Revenues

Our revenues are driven primarily by attendance in our theme parks and the level of per capita spending for admission to the theme parks and per capita spending inside the theme parks for culinary, merchandise and other in-park experiences. The level of attendance in our theme parks is a function of many factors, including the opening of new attractions and shows, weather, global and regional economic conditions, competitive offerings and consumer confidence. The per capita spending for admission to the theme parks is driven by ticket pricing, the mix of ticket type purchased (such as single day, multi-day, and annual pass) and the mix of attendance by theme parks visited. In-park per capita spending is driven by pricing changes, penetration levels (percentage of guests purchasing), new product offerings, the mix of guests and the mix of in-park spending. For other factors affecting our revenues, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry.”

In addition to the theme parks, we are also involved in entertainment, media, and consumer product businesses that leverage our intellectual property. While these businesses currently do not represent a material percentage of our revenue, they are important strategic drivers in terms of consumer awareness and brand building. We aim to expand these businesses into a greater source of revenue in the future.

Costs and Expenses

The principal costs of our operations are employee salaries, employee benefits, advertising, maintenance, animal care, utilities and insurance. Factors that affect our costs and expenses include commodity prices, costs for construction, repairs and maintenance, other inflationary pressures and

 

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attendance levels. A large portion of our expenses is relatively fixed because the costs for full-time employees, maintenance, animal care, utilities, advertising and insurance do not vary significantly with attendance. For factors affecting our costs and expenses, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry.”

We barter theme park admission products for advertising and various other products and services. The fair value of the admission products is recognized into revenue and related expenses at the time of the exchange and approximates the fair value of the goods or services received.

Results of Operations

The following discussion provides an analysis of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial data for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and our audited consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. This data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012

The following table presents key operating and financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012:

 

     For the Nine Months Ended September 30,  
               2013                           2012             
    

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except

per capita amounts)

 

Statement of operations data:

     

Net revenues

     

Admissions

   $ 747,610       $ 715,842   

Food, merchandise and other

     440,681         444,737   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenues

     1,188,291         1,160,579   

Costs and expenses

     

Cost of food, merchandise and other revenues

     93,224         99,109   

Operating expenses

     570,559         560,145   

Selling, general and administrative

     149,581         150,571   

Termination of advisory agreement

     50,072         —     

Depreciation and amortization

     124,154         122,085   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

     987,590         931,910   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating income

     200,701         228,669   

Other income, net

     193         2,110   

Interest expense

     72,550         86,263   

Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and deferred financing costs

     32,429         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     95,915         144,516   

Provision for income taxes

     31,930         58,273   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 63,985       $ 86,243   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other data:

     

Attendance

     18,926         19,862   

Total revenue per capita

   $ 62.79       $ 58.43   

 

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Admissions revenue.    Admissions revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 increased $31.8 million (4.4%) to $747.6 million as compared to $715.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase in revenue was a result of a 9.6% increase in admission per capita from $36.04 in the first nine months of 2012 to $39.50 in the first nine months of 2013 offset largely by a 4.7% decrease in total attendance. The improvement in admission per capita was primarily a result of higher ticket pricing and yield management strategies implemented at the beginning of 2013. Attendance for the first nine months of 2013 declined primarily due to the anticipated impact of these new pricing and yield management strategies, which increased revenue but reduced low yielding and free attendance. Also contributing to the decline was unexpected adverse weather conditions, particularly during the second quarter and in July of 2013. The unfavorable timing of Easter on March 31 in 2013 also contributed to the attendance decline as it caused an overlap with the spring break holiday period for schools in many of our key markets.

Food, merchandise and other revenue.    Food, merchandise and other revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 decreased $4.0 million (0.9%) to $440.7 million as compared to $444.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This decrease was a result of the decrease in attendance offset by a 4.0% increase in in-park per capita spending from $22.39 in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 to $23.28 in the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The increase in in-park per capita spending was due to targeted price increases and increased penetration and in-park offerings reflecting our continued efforts to provide incremental and enhanced service offerings.

Costs of food, merchandise and other revenues.    Costs of food, merchandise and other revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 decreased $5.9 million (5.9%) to $93.2 million as compared to $99.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. These costs represent 21.2% of related revenue earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 22.3% of related revenue earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Operating expenses.    Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 increased by $10.4 million (1.9%) to $570.5 million as compared to $560.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was primarily a result of increased direct labor costs, additional operating costs to support new attractions and our new Aquatica San Diego park which opened in 2013, and miscellaneous asset write-offs, offset by successful expense reductions implemented during the year. Operating expenses reflected 48.0% of total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 48.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Selling, general and administrative.    Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 decreased by $1.0 million (0.7%) to $149.6 million as compared to $150.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This decrease was primarily a result of the elimination of the 2009 Advisory Agreement fees due to the termination of this agreement in April 2013, offset by additional equity compensation expense primarily related to a new restricted stock grant in April 2013 as well as an increase in corporate salaries due to planned additions to our corporate structure as a result of our initial public offering and the related increased public company requirements. As a percentage of total revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses were 12.6% in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to 13.0% in the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Termination of advisory agreement.    In connection with the completion of our initial public offering on April 24, 2013, the 2009 Advisory Agreement was terminated. In connection with such termination, we paid a termination fee of $46.3 million to an affiliate of Blackstone and recorded a write-off of $3.8 million in 2013 prepaid advisory fees.

 

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Depreciation and amortization.    Depreciation and amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 increased by $2.1 million (1.7%) to $124.2 million as compared to $122.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 due to the impact of fully depreciated assets offset by new asset additions.

Interest expense.    Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 decreased $13.7 million (15.9%) to $72.6 million as compared to $86.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, primarily reflecting the effects of our March 2012 and May 2013 amendments to the terms of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, which reduced our interest rates as well as the redemption of $140.0 million of our Senior Notes and the repayment of $37.0 million under our Term B Loan in April 2013 with a portion of the net proceeds from our initial public offering.

Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and deferred financing costs.    Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and deferred financing costs of $32.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 relates to a $15.4 million premium paid for the early redemption of $140.0 million of our Senior Notes with a portion of the net proceeds from our initial public offering in April 2013, along with a write-off of approximately $5.5 million in related discounts and deferred financing costs and the write-off of approximately $11.5 million of certain debt issuance costs in connection with Amendment No. 5 to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

Provision for income taxes.    The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was $31.9 million compared to $58.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The decrease primarily results from the decrease in pretax income in the first nine months of 2013 compared to the first nine months of 2012 along with a decrease in our effective income tax rate (from 40.3% to 33.3%). Our effective income tax rate decreased due to certain tax credits along with changes in our state tax compliance structure.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

The following table presents key operating and financial information for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
               2012                           2011             
     (Amounts in thousands, except
per capita amounts)
 

Statement of operations data:

     

Net revenues

     

Admissions

   $ 884,407       $ 824,937   

Food, merchandise and other

     539,345         505,837   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenues

     1,423,752         1,330,774   

Costs and expenses

     

Cost of food, merchandise and other revenues

     118,559         112,498   

Operating expenses

     726,509         687,999   

Selling, general and administrative

     184,920         172,368   

Depreciation and amortization

     166,975         213,592   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

     1,196,963         1,186,457   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating income

     226,789         144,317   

Other income (expense), net

     1,563         (1,679

Interest expense

     111,426         110,097   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     116,926         32,541   

Provision for income taxes

     39,482         13,428   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 77,444       $ 19,113   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other data:

     

Attendance

     24,391         23,631   

Total revenue per capita

   $ 58.37       $ 56.31   

 

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Admissions revenue.    Admissions revenue for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased $59.5 million (7%) to $884.4 million as compared to $824.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase in revenue was a result of a 4% increase in admission per capita from $34.91 in 2011 to $36.26 in 2012 and a 3% increase in total attendance. The increase in admission per capita was primarily a result of higher ticket pricing and reduced discounts corresponding with the opening of the Manta rollercoaster at SeaWorld San Diego and the Aquatica attraction at SeaWorld San Antonio, as well as increased real consumer spending growth from improved macroeconomic conditions. Increased attendance was primarily driven by increased real consumer spending, as well as the opening of the Manta rollercoaster at SeaWorld San Diego, the Aquatica attraction at SeaWorld San Antonio, the TurtleTrek attraction at SeaWorld Orlando and the Verbolten rollercoaster at Busch Gardens Williamsburg.

Food, merchandise and other revenue.    Food, merchandise and other revenue for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased $33.5 million (7%) to $539.3 million as compared to $505.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase in revenue was a result of a 3% increase in in-park per capita spending from $21.41 in 2011 to $22.11 in 2012 and a 3% increase in total attendance. The increase in in-park per capita spending was driven primarily by price increases and product promotion.

Costs of food, merchandise and other revenues.    Costs of food, merchandise and other revenues for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased $6.1 million (5%) to $118.6 million as compared to $112.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. These costs represent 21.9% of related revenue earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 22.2% of related revenue earned for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Operating expenses.    Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased $38.5 million (6%) to $726.5 million as compared to $688.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase was primarily driven by increased operating costs relating to new attractions and increased variable costs due to our higher sales volume. These expenses reflected 51.0% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 51.7% for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Selling, general and administrative.    Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased $12.5 million (7%) to $184.9 million as compared to $172.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase primarily reflects an increase in marketing expenditures and higher corporate expenses resulting from the build-out of our corporate office staff.

Depreciation and amortization.    Depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased $46.6 million (22%) to $167.0 million as compared to $213.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease was primarily attributable to the partial year impact of assets designated with two-year lives at the December 1, 2009 transaction date, which are now fully depreciated, partially offset by asset additions.

Interest expense.    Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased $1.3 million (1%) to $111.4 million as compared to $110.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily reflecting the effects of our March 2012 debt refinancing, which increased the amount

of our outstanding principal balance of our long-term debt and reduced the interest rates on our long-term debt. See our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus for a further description of the terms of the refinancing.

Provision for income taxes.    Provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased $26.1 million (194%) to $39.5 million as compared to $13.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, which primarily reflects an increase in taxable earnings and was partially offset by a decrease in our effective income tax rate (from 41.3% to 33.8%). Our effective income tax rate decreased due to changes in our state tax planning structure along with certain non-recurring tax credits.

 

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Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2011 and 2010

The following table presents key operating and financial information for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
             2011                     2010          
    

(Amounts in thousands, except

per capita amounts)

 

Statement of operations data:

    

Net revenues

    

Admissions

   $ 824,937      $ 730,368   

Food, merchandise and other

     505,837        465,735   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     1,330,774        1,196,103   

Costs and expenses

    

Cost of food, merchandise and other revenues

     112,498        97,871   

Operating expenses

     687,999        673,829   

Selling, general and administrative

     172,368        159,506   

Depreciation and amortization

     213,592        207,156   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

     1,186,457        1,138,362   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income

     144,317        57,741   

Other (expense) income, net

     (1,679     1,937   

Interest expense

     110,097        134,383   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

     32,541        (74,705

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

     13,428        (29,241
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

   $ 19,113      $ (45,464
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other data:

    

Attendance

     23,631        22,433   

Total revenue per capita

   $ 56.31      $ 53.32   

Admissions revenue.    Admissions revenue in 2011 increased $94.5 million (13%) to $824.9 million as compared to $730.4 million in 2010. The increase in revenue was a result of a 7% increase in admission per capita from $32.56 in 2010 to $34.91 in 2011 and a 5% increase in attendance. The increase in admission per capita was primarily a result of higher ticket pricing and reduced discounts corresponding with increased real consumer spending growth from improved macroeconomic conditions and the opening of the One Ocean show at SeaWorld Orlando, the Cheetah Hunt rollercoaster at Busch Gardens Tampa and Sesame Bay of Play at SeaWorld San Antonio. Increased attendance was primarily driven by increased real consumer spending, as well as the opening of the One Ocean show at SeaWorld Orlando, the Cheetah Hunt rollercoaster at Busch Gardens Tampa, Sesame Bay of Play at SeaWorld San Antonio and the Turtle Reef attraction at SeaWorld San Diego.

Food, merchandise and other revenue.    Food, merchandise and other revenue in 2011 increased $40.1 million (9%) to $505.8 million as compared to $465.7 million in 2010. The increase in revenue was a result of a 5% increase in attendance and a 3% increase in in-park per capita spending from $20.76 in 2010 to $21.41 in 2011. The increase in in-park per capita spending was driven primarily by an increased focus on product promotion at our theme parks and strategic price increases in both food and merchandise.

Costs of food, merchandise and other revenues.    Costs of food, merchandise and other revenues in 2011 increased $14.6 million (15%) to $112.5 million as compared to $97.9 million in 2010.

 

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These costs represent 22.2% of related revenue earned in 2011 as compared to 21.0% of related revenue in 2010 driven primarily by commodity price increases and the impact of inflation.

Operating expenses.    Operating expenses for 2011 increased $14.2 million (2%) to $688.0 million as compared to $673.8 million in 2010. These expenses represent 51.7% of total revenues in 2011 as compared to 56.3% in 2010. The year-over-year dollar increase was primarily driven by increased operating costs relating to new attractions and increases in compensation expense, partially offset by strategic cost reductions, such as staffing and scheduling changes and streamlined operating hours at our theme parks. The reduction in operating expenses as a percentage of total revenues year-over-year represents increased operating leverage.

Selling, general and administrative.    Selling, general and administrative expenses for 2011 increased $12.9 million (8%) to $172.4 million as compared to $159.5 million in 2010. This increase primarily reflects the separation from ABI and establishment of certain stand-alone corporate operations, including legal, payroll, and procurement, partially offset by a reduction in marketing expenditures.

Depreciation and amortization.    Depreciation and amortization expense for 2011 increased $6.4 million (3%) to $213.6 million as compared to $207.2 million in 2010. The increase was primarily attributable to asset additions related to the introduction of several new attractions at our theme parks.

Interest expense.    Interest expense for 2011 decreased $24.3 million (18%) to $110.1 million as compared to $134.4 million in 2010, driven primarily by a reduction in our interest rates on our long-term debt as a result of our refinancings in February and April 2011. See our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus for a further description of the terms of the refinancing.

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes.    Provision for income taxes was $13.4 million for 2011 as compared to an income tax benefit of $29.2 million for 2010, which primarily reflects an increase in taxable earnings increasing our effective income tax rate from 39.1% to 41.3%. Our effective income tax rate increased due to certain non-recurring tax adjustments.

Seasonality and Unaudited Selected Quarterly Results of Operations

The theme park industry is seasonal in nature. Based upon historical results, we generate the highest revenues in the second and third quarters of each year, in part because six of our theme parks are only open for a portion of the year. Approximately two-thirds of our attendance and revenues are generated in the second and third quarters of the year and we typically incur a net loss in the first and fourth quarters. The mix of revenues by quarter is relatively constant, but revenues can shift between the first and second quarters due to the timing of Easter or between the first and fourth quarters due to the timing of Christmas and New Year’s. Even for our five theme parks open year-round, attendance patterns have significant seasonality, driven by holidays, school vacations and weather conditions. One of our goals in managing our business is to continue to generate cash flow throughout the year and minimize the effects of seasonality. In recent years, we have begun to encourage attendance during non-peak times by offering a variety of seasonal programs and events, such as a winter kids festival, spring concert series, and Halloween and Christmas events. In addition, during seasonally slow times, operating costs are controlled by reducing operating hours and show schedules. Employment levels required for peak operations are met largely through part-time and seasonal hiring.

The following table sets forth unaudited selected quarterly results of operations for 2011, 2012 and the first three quarters of 2013. In the opinion of management, the following selected quarterly information includes all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for

 

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the fair statement of the results of operations for these periods. This information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. This quarterly data is not necessarily indicative of our operating results for any future period.

 

    2011     2012     2013  
    First
Quarter
    Second
Quarter
    Third
Quarter
    Fourth
Quarter
    First
Quarter
    Second
Quarter
    Third
Quarter
    Fourth
Quarter
    First
Quarter
    Second
Quarter
    Third
Quarter
 
    (Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)  

Total revenues

  $ 178,076      $ 404,210      $ 496,448      $ 252,040      $ 212,442      $ 425,882      $ 522,255      $ 263,173      $ 238,610      $ 411,292      $ 538,389   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating (loss) income

  $ (74,307   $ 91,664      $ 152,942      $ (25,982   $ (48,279   $ 93,086      $ 183,862      $ (1,880   $ (35,873   $ 30,980      $ 205,594   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net (loss) income

  $ (61,842   $ 37,948      $ 73,853      $ (30,846   $ (45,134   $ 39,120      $ 92,257      $ (8,799   $ (40,360   $ (15,854   $ 120,199   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Loss) earnings per share:

                     

Net (loss) income per share, basic

  $ (0.77   $ 0.47      $ 0.91      $ (0.37   $ (0.55   $ 0.47      $ 1.12      $ (0.11   $ (0.49   $ (0.18   $ 1.34   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net (loss) income per share, diluted

  $ (0.77   $ 0.46      $ 0.90      $ (0.37   $ (0.55   $ 0.47      $ 1.11      $ (0.11   $ (0.49   $ (0.18   $ 1.33   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash generated from operations, funds from borrowings and existing cash on hand. Our principal uses of cash include the funding of working capital obligations, debt service, investments in theme parks (including capital projects), and common stock dividends. As of September 30, 2013, we had a working capital balance of approximately $44.6 million. We typically operate with a working capital deficit and we expect that we will continue to have working capital deficits in the future. The working capital deficits are due in part to a significant deferred revenue balance from revenues paid in advance for our theme park admissions products and high turnover of in-park products that results in a limited inventory balance. Our cash flow from operations, along with our revolving credit facilities, have allowed us to meet our liquidity needs while maintaining a working capital deficit.

As market conditions warrant and subject to our contractual restrictions and liquidity position, we, our affiliates and/or our major stockholders, including Blackstone and its affiliates, may from time to time repurchase our outstanding equity and/or debt securities, including the Senior Notes and/or our outstanding bank loans in privately negotiated or open market transactions, by tender offer or otherwise. Any such repurchases may be funded by incurring new debt, including additional borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Any new debt may also be secured debt. We may also use available cash on our balance sheet. The amounts involved in any such transactions, individually or in the aggregate, may be material. Further, since some of our debt may trade at a discount to the face amount, any such purchases may result in our acquiring and retiring a substantial amount of any particular series, with the attendant reduction in the trading liquidity of any such series.

 

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In June 2013, our Board of Directors adopted a policy to pay quarterly dividends. As a result, an initial quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share, was declared to all common stockholders of record at the close of business on June 20, 2013, which was paid on July 1, 2013. Additionally, in September 2013, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.20 per share to all common stockholders of record at the close of business on September 20, 2013, which was paid on October 1, 2013. Approximately $17.9 million was paid on both July 1, 2013 and October 1, 2013 related to these dividend declarations. Approximately $0.3 million will be paid as certain time restricted shares vest over their requisite service periods. Dividends on certain performance restricted shares were approximately $1.8 million and will accumulate and be paid only if and to the extent the shares vest in accordance with their terms. See Note 12-Dividends to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

In March 2012, the Board of Directors declared a $500.0 million cash dividend to our common stockholders, which at that time consisted of entities controlled by certain affiliates of Blackstone, of which $463.2 million was paid in the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The amount and timing of any future dividends payable on our common stock is within the sole discretion of our Board of Directors. See “Dividend Policy.”

We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from operations, and available borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities will be adequate to meet the capital expenditures, dividends and working capital requirements of our operations for at least the next 12 months.

The following table presents a summary of our cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing, and financing activities for the periods indicated:

 

    For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
    Year Ended
December 31,
 
            2013                     2012             2012     2011     2010  
    (Unaudited, amounts in thousands)     (Amounts in thousands)  

Net cash provided by operating activities

  $ 276,317      $ 302,648      $ 303,513      $ 268,249      $ 202,281   

Net cash used in investing activities

    (125,803     (154,976     (204,318     (225,316     (120,196

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

    14,327        (71,492     (120,183     (99,967     (20,500
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

  $ 164,841      $ 76,180      $ (20,988   $ (57,034   $ 61,585   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $276.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to $302.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2012. Cash provided by operating activities decreased primarily as a result of the cash payment of $46.3 million for the 2009 Advisory Agreement termination fee in conjunction with our initial public offering in April 2013, partially offset by additional cash generated from theme park operations due to an increase in total revenue primarily related to higher admissions revenue.

Net cash provided by operating activities increased during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 primarily as a result of the following: (i) an increase in cash generated from theme park operations due to increased theme park attendance, increased theme park admission fees and higher in-park spending per capita on food, merchandise and other in-park spending and (ii) lower costs and expenses as a percentage of sales due to our labor efficiency initiatives and greater economies of scale. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by unfavorable changes in our working capital accounts.

 

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Net cash provided by operating activities increased during the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2010 primarily as a result of the following: (i) an increase in cash generated from theme park operations due to increased theme park attendance, increased theme park admission fees and higher in-park spending per capita on food, merchandise and other in-park spending; (ii) lower costs and expenses as a percentage of sales due to our labor efficiency initiatives and greater economies of scale; and (iii) changes in our deferred income tax provision. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by unfavorable changes in our working capital accounts.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Investing activities consist principally of capital investments we make in our theme parks for future attractions and infrastructure. Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 consisted primarily of capital expenditures of $125.9 million largely related to future attractions. Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 consisted of $155.0 million of capital expenditures largely related to a greater number of attractions opening in 2012 due to capital under-investments in previous years.

Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2012 consisted primarily of capital expenditures of $191.7 million, as well as $12.0 million for the purchase of Knott’s Soak City Chula Vista water park in November 2012. The capital expenditures were largely related to future attractions and zoological safety infrastructure.

Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2011 consisted of capital expenditures of $225.3 million. The level of capital expenditures in 2011 and 2012 was elevated as a result of costs related to building out our corporate infrastructure as a stand-alone company following our separation from ABI, zoological safety infrastructure investments, and catch-up spending due to under-investment in our theme parks prior to the acquisition by Blackstone on December 1, 2009. Excluding the impact of the remaining 2013 and 2014 zoological safety infrastructure investment of approximately $35 million and potential investments for new theme parks, we plan to reduce the level of capital expenditures to an average of approximately 10% of total revenue per year beginning in 2014.

Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2010 consisted of capital expenditures of $120.2 million. Our most significant capital expenditure items during the period included future attractions, exhibits and corporate infrastructure projects.

The amount of our capital expenditures may be affected by general economic and financial conditions, among other things, including restrictions imposed by our borrowing arrangements. We generally expect to fund our 2013 capital expenditures through our operating cash flow.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was primarily attributable to the receipt of $253.8 million of the proceeds from our initial public offering, net of underwriter discounts and commissions, offset by $185.7 million of repayments of debt which consisted of the redemption of $140.0 million of our Senior Notes and a repayment of $37.0 million of indebtedness under our Term B Loan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we also paid $18.1 million in cash dividends, $15.4 million in a redemption premium for the Senior Notes, $14.0 million in debt issuance costs, $4.7 million in costs incurred in connection with our initial public offering and $3.0 million related to a note payable which was due on September 1, 2013 for the November 2012 acquisition of Knott’s Soak City, a standalone Southern California water park, from an affiliate of Cedar Fair L.P.

 

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Net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 was primarily attributable to cash dividends paid of $463.2 million, $52.5 million in repayments of debt, $36.0 million of repayments on the revolving credit facility and debt issuance costs paid of $7.0 million. This was partially offset by proceeds of $487.2 million from term loan borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

Net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2012 was primarily attributable to the following: (i) the payment of a $503.0 million portion of our dividends described above (net of required withholdings), (ii) repayment of $93.7 million of debt under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and (iii) costs of $7.0 million related to an amendment to the indenture governing our Senior Notes and an amendment to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. This was partially offset by proceeds of $487.2 million from the term loan borrowings under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

Net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2011 was primarily attributable to the following: (i) repayment of $586.2 million of our long-term debt in connection with a refinancing of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, (ii) the payment of a $106.9 million portion of our $110.1 million dividend (net of required withholdings) and (iii) debt issuance costs of $5.9 million related to an amendment to the indenture governing our Senior Notes and an amendment to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. This was partially offset by the proceeds of $550.3 million from the term loan borrowings under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, a draw on our revolving credit facility of $36.0 million and $12.8 million of proceeds (net of issuance costs) from the issuance of common stock to the Partnerships described above.

In 2011 and 2012, we declared special dividends of $110.1 million and $500.0 million, respectively, to our stockholders.

Net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2010 consisted of repayment of long-term debt of $20.5 million.

Our Indebtedness

The Issuer is a holding company and conducts its operations through its subsidiaries, which have incurred or guaranteed indebtedness as described below.

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

SWPEI is the borrower under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. The obligations under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities are fully, unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by each of the Issuer, any subsidiary of the Issuer that directly or indirectly owns 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interests of SWPEI, and, subject to certain exceptions, each of SWPEI’s existing and future material domestic wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Guarantors”). Our Senior Secured Credit Facilities are collateralized by first priority or equivalent security interests in (i) all the capital stock of, or other equity interests in, substantially all SWPEI’s direct or indirect domestic subsidiaries (other than a domestic subsidiary that is a subsidiary of a foreign subsidiary) and 65% of the capital stock of, or other equity interests in, any of SWPEI’s foreign subsidiaries and any of SWPEI’s domestic subsidiaries that are treated as disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes if substantially all the assets of such domestic subsidiary consist of equity interests of one or more “controlled foreign corporations” within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and (ii) certain tangible and intangible assets of SWPEI and those of the Guarantors (subject to certain exceptions and qualifications).

 

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As of September 30, 2013, our Senior Secured Credit Facilities consisted of:

 

  Ÿ  

a $1,401.5 million senior secured term loan facility (the “Term B-2 Loans”), which will mature on May 14, 2020; and

 

  Ÿ  

a $192.5 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which was not drawn upon at September 30, 2013. The Revolving Credit Facility will mature on the earlier of (a) April 24, 2018 or (b) the 91st day prior to the earlier of (1) the maturity date of Senior Notes with an aggregate principal amount greater than $50.0 million outstanding and (2) the maturity date of any indebtedness incurred to refinance the Term B-2 Loans or the Senior Notes, and includes borrowing capacity available for letters of credit and for short-term borrowings referred to as the swingline borrowings. As of September 30, 2013, we had approximately $18.5 million of outstanding letters of credit, leaving approximately $174.0 million available for borrowing.

In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, SWPEI is required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders under the Revolving Credit Facility in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder. The commitment fee rate is 0.50% per annum. SWPEI is also required to pay customary letter of credit fees.

SWPEI is required to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with:

 

  Ÿ  

50% of SWPEI’s annual “excess cash flow” (with step-downs to 25% and 0%, as applicable, based upon SWPEI’s total leverage ratio), subject to certain exceptions;

 

  Ÿ  

100% of the net cash proceeds of certain non-ordinary course asset sales or other dispositions subject to reinvestment rights and certain exceptions; and

 

  Ÿ  

100% of the net cash proceeds of any incurrence of debt by SWPEI or any of its restricted subsidiaries, other than debt permitted to be incurred or issued under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

SWPEI may voluntarily repay amounts outstanding under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities at any time without premium or penalty, other than prepayment premium on voluntary prepayment of Term B-2 Loans on or prior to May 14, 2014 and customary “breakage” costs with respect to LIBOR loans.

Our Senior Secured Credit Facilities contain a number of significant affirmative and negative covenants. Such covenants, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of SWPEI and its restricted subsidiaries to:

 

  Ÿ  

incur additional indebtedness, make guarantees and enter into hedging arrangements;

 

  Ÿ  

create liens on assets;

 

  Ÿ  

enter into sale and leaseback transactions;

 

  Ÿ  

engage in mergers or consolidations;

 

  Ÿ  

sell assets;

 

  Ÿ  

make fundamental changes;

 

  Ÿ  

pay dividends and distributions or repurchase SWPEI’s capital stock;

 

  Ÿ  

make investments, loans and advances, including acquisitions;

 

  Ÿ  

engage in certain transactions with affiliates;

 

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  Ÿ  

make changes in nature of the business; and

 

  Ÿ  

make prepayments of junior debt.

Our Senior Secured Credit Facilities also contain covenants requiring SWPEI to maintain specified maximum annual capital expenditures, a maximum net total leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. In addition, our Senior Secured Credit Facilities contain certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default.

In connection with our initial public offering, SWPEI entered into Amendment No. 4 to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities (“Amendment No. 4”) on April 5, 2013 with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent, letter of credit issuer and swing line lender, Bank of America, N.A., as lead arranger and bookrunner, and the other agents and lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 4 amends the terms of our existing Senior Secured Credit Facilities to, among other things, permit SWPEI to pay certain distributions and dividends following an initial public offering of the Company in an amount not to exceed the greater of (i) 6% per annum of the net proceeds received by, or contributed to, SWPEI and its restricted subsidiaries from our initial public offering and (ii) an aggregate amount per annum not to exceed:

 

  Ÿ  

$90.0 million, so long as, after giving pro forma effect to such payment, the total leverage ratio shall be no greater than 5.00 to 1.00 and greater than 4.50 to 1.00,

 

  Ÿ  

$120.0 million, so long as, after giving pro forma effect to such payment, the total leverage ratio shall be no greater than 4.50 to 1.00 and greater than 4.00 to 1.00,

 

  Ÿ  

the greater of (a) $120.0 million and (b) 7.5% of “market capitalization,” so long as, after giving pro forma effect to such payment, the total leverage ratio shall be no greater than 4.00 to 1.00 and greater than 3.50 to 1.00; and

 

  Ÿ  

an unlimited amount, so long as, after giving pro forma effect to such payment, the total leverage ratio shall be no greater than 3.50 to 1.00.

In addition, Amendment No. 4 replaced the then existing $172.5 million senior secured revolving credit facility maturing on February 17, 2016 with a new $192.5 million senior secured revolving credit facility maturing on the date which is the earlier of (a) April 24, 2018 and (b) the 91st day prior to the earlier of the maturity date of any Senior Notes with an aggregate principal amount greater than $50.0 million outstanding and the maturity date of any indebtedness incurred to refinance any of the Term B Loans or the Senior Notes, and the terms of the new senior secured revolving credit facility will be substantially the same as the existing senior secured revolving credit facility, except that the existing applicable margins will be determined based on SWPEI’s corporate family rating in lieu of a secured leverage ratio. Amendment No. 4 also increased the total leverage ratios at which the percentage of “excess cash flow” that is required to be prepaid under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities decreases, refreshed SWPEI’s $175.0 million general investment basket, increased the amount of annual capital expenditures from $165.0 million in any fiscal year to $185.0 million in any fiscal year and refreshed the $25.0 million one year pull forward amount of capital expenditures for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 and permitted certain amendments of the terms of the Senior Notes.

On May 14, 2013, SWPEI entered into Amendment No. 5 to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities (“Amendment No. 5”), which amended the terms of the existing Senior Secured Credit Facilities to, among other things, refinance our Term A Loan and our Term B Loan into new Term B-2 Loans, extend the final maturity date of the term loan facilities, reduce future principal and interest payments and provide for additional future borrowings.

The Term B-2 Loans were borrowed in an aggregate principal amount of $1,405.0 million. Borrowings under the Term B-2 Loans bear interest, at SWPEI’s option, at a rate equal to a margin

 

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over either (a) a base rate determined by reference to the higher of (1) the Bank of America’s prime lending rate and (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 1/2 of 1% or (b) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the British Bankers Association (“BBA”) LIBOR rate for the interest period relevant to such borrowing. The margin for the Term B-2 Loans is 1.25%, in the case of base rate loans, and 2.25%, in the case of LIBOR rate loans, subject to a base rate floor of 1.75% and a LIBOR floor of 0.75%. The applicable margin for the Term B-2 Loans (under either a base rate or LIBOR rate) is subject to one 25 basis point step-down upon achievement by SWPEI of a certain leverage ratio. At September 30, 2013, we selected the LIBOR rate (interest rate of 3.00% at September 30, 2013).

Term B-2 Loans will amortize in equal quarterly installments in an aggregate annual amount equal to 1.0% of the original principal amount of the Term B-2 Loans, with the first payment due and paid on September 30, 2013 and the balance due on the final maturity date. The Term B-2 Loans have a final maturity date of May 14, 2020. Amendment No. 5 also permits us to add one or more incremental term loan facilities to the Senior Secured Credit Facilities and/or increase commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $350.0 million. We may also incur additional incremental term loans provided that, among other things, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the incurrence of such incremental term loans, the first lien secured net leverage ratio, as defined in the Senior Secured Credit Facility, is no greater than 3.50 to 1.00.

As a result of Amendment No. 5, approximately $11.5 million of debt issuance costs were written off and are included as loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and deferred financing costs on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. As a result of Amendment No. 4 and Amendment No. 5, we capitalized fees totaling approximately $14.0 million, which are amortized to interest expense using weighted average interest method.

On August 9, 2013, SWPEI entered into Amendment No. 6 to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities (“Amendment No. 6”), which amended the terms of the existing Senior Secured Credit Facilities to, among other things, amend the calculation of SWPEI’s covenant Adjusted EBITDA to allow the add back of the $46.3 million termination fee paid in connection with the termination of the 2009 Advisory Agreement.

As of September 30, 2013, we were in compliance in all material respects with all covenants in the provisions contained in the documents governing our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

See “Description of Indebtedness—Senior Secured Credit Facilities” for further information on our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

The Senior Notes

On December 1, 2009, SWPEI issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 13.5% Senior Notes due 2016. On March 30, 2012, pursuant to an amendment to the indenture governing the Senior Notes, the interest rate was reduced from 13.5% to 11.0%. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears. The obligations under the Senior Notes are guaranteed by the same entities as those that guarantee our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. As of September 30, 2013, we had $260.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes outstanding after redeeming $140.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes in April 2013 using a portion of the net proceeds we received in connection with our initial public offering, as described below.

The Senior Notes are senior unsecured obligations and:

 

  Ÿ  

rank senior in right of payment to all existing and future debt and other obligations that are, by their terms, expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Notes;

 

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  Ÿ  

rank equally in right of payment to all existing and future senior debt and other obligations that are not, by their terms, expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Notes; and

 

  Ÿ  

are effectively subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future secured debt (including obligations under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities), to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt, and are structurally subordinated to all obligations of each of our subsidiaries that is not a guarantor of the Senior Notes.

We may redeem some or all of the Senior Notes at any time prior to December 1, 2014, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest to, the redemption date, subject to the right of the holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date. The “Applicable Premium” is defined as the greater of (1) 1.0% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes and (2) the excess, if any, of (a) the present value at such redemption date of (i) the redemption price of the Senior Notes at December 1, 2014 plus (ii) all required interest payments due on the Senior Notes through December 1, 2014 (excluding accrued but unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Treasury Rate plus 50 basis points over (b) the principal amount of the Senior Notes. On or after December 1, 2014, the Senior Notes may be redeemed at 105.5% and 102.75% of the principal amount beginning on December 1, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

We used a portion of the net proceeds received by us in our initial public offering to redeem $140.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes in April 2013 at a redemption price of 111.0% pursuant to a provision in the indenture governing the Senior Notes that permitted us to redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings and to pay estimated premiums and accrued interest thereon. The redemption premium of $15.4 million, along with a write-off of approximately $5.5 million in related discounts and deferred financing costs is included as loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and deferred financing costs on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict SWPEI’s ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to, among other things:

 

  Ÿ  

dispose of certain assets;

 

  Ÿ  

incur additional indebtedness;

 

  Ÿ  

pay dividends;

 

  Ÿ  

prepay subordinated indebtedness;

 

  Ÿ  

incur liens;

 

  Ÿ  

make capital expenditures;

 

  Ÿ  

make investments or acquisitions;

 

  Ÿ  

engage in mergers or consolidations; and

 

  Ÿ  

engage in certain types of transactions with affiliates.

These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes provides for certain events of default which, if any of them were to occur, would permit or require the principal of and accrued interest, if any, on the Senior Notes to become or be declared due and payable (subject, in some cases, to specified grace periods).

 

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As of September 30, 2013, we were in compliance in all material respects with all covenants and the provisions contained in the indenture governing the Senior Notes. See “Description of Indebtedness” for further information on the Senior Notes.

Covenant Compliance

Under the indenture governing the Senior Notes and under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, our ability to engage in activities such as incurring additional indebtedness, making investments, refinancing certain indebtedness, paying dividends and entering into certain merger transactions is governed, in part, by our ability to satisfy tests based on covenant Adjusted EBITDA.

The Senior Notes and our Senior Secured Credit Facilities generally define “Adjusted EBITDA” as net income (loss) before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, as further adjusted to exclude certain unusual, non-cash, and other items permitted in calculating covenant compliance under the indenture governing the Senior Notes and our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA is appropriate to provide additional information to investors about the calculation of, and compliance with, certain financial covenants in the indenture governing the Senior Notes and in our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Adjusted EBITDA is a material component of these covenants. In addition, investors, lenders, financial analysts and rating agencies have historically used EBITDA related measures in our industry, along with other measures, to evaluate a company’s ability to meet its debt service requirements, to estimate the value of a company and to make informed investment decisions. We also use Adjusted EBITDA in connection with certain components of our executive compensation program as described under “Management—Compensation Discussion and Analysis.” Adjusted EBITDA eliminates the effect of certain non-cash depreciation of tangible assets and amortization of intangible assets, along with the effects of interest rates and changes in capitalization which management believes may not necessarily be indicative of a company’s underlying operating performance.

Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized term under GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for a measure of our liquidity or performance prepared in accordance with GAAP and is not indicative of income from operations as determined under GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA and other non-GAAP financial measures have limitations which should be considered before using these measures to evaluate our liquidity or financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA, as presented by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to varying methods of calculation.

 

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The following table reconciles net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA:

 

    For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
    Years Ended December 31,  
        2013                 2012             2012             2011                     2010          
   

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands)

    (Amounts in thousands)  

Net income (loss)

  $ 63,985      $ 86,243      $ 77,444      $ 19,113      $ (45,464

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

    31,930        58,273        39,482        13,428        (29,241

Loss on early extinguishment of debt and write-off of discounts and deferred financing costs(a)

   
32,429
  
   
—  
  
   
—  
  
    —          —     

Interest expense

    72,550        86,263        111,426        110,097        134,383   

Depreciation and amortization expense

    124,154        122,085        166,975        213,592        207,156   

Termination of advisory agreement(b)

   
50,072
  
    —          —          —          —     

Deferred revenue write-downs(c)

    —          —          —          —          17,348   

Equity-based compensation expense(d)

    4,704        1,361        1,681        823        —     

Advisory fee(e)

    2,799        5,075        6,201        6,012        4,704   

Carve-out costs(f)

    —          —          —          6,085        45,330   

Other non-cash expenses(g)

    8,129        5,282        10,367        12,468        9,060   

Debt refinancing costs(h)

    892        1,000        1,000        441        —     

Chula Vista acquisition(i)

    843        167        630        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

  $ 392,487      $ 365,749      $ 415,206      $ 382,059      $ 343,276 (j) 
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) Reflects a $15.4 million premium paid for the early redemption of $140.0 million of our Senior Notes using net proceeds from our initial public offering in April 2013, along with a write-off of approximately $5.5 million in related discounts and deferred financing costs and a write-off of approximately $11.5 million of certain capitalized debt issuance costs in connection with Amendment No. 5 to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.
(b) Reflects a one-time fee of $46.3 million paid to an affiliate of Blackstone in connection with the termination of the 2009 Advisory Agreement, and a related write-off of prepaid advisory fees of $3.8 million. In connection with our initial public offering, the 2009 Advisory Agreement was terminated on April 24, 2013 in accordance with its terms. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—2009 Advisory Agreement.”
(c) Reflects amortization of deferred revenue that would have occurred absent purchase accounting relating to the 2009 Transactions.
(d) Reflects non-cash compensation expenses associated with the grants of equity compensation.
(e) Reflects historical fees paid to an affiliate of the Sponsor under the 2009 Advisory Agreement.
(f) Reflects certain carve-out costs and savings related to our separation from ABI and the establishment of certain operations at the Company on a stand-alone basis. These amounts primarily consist of the cost of third-party professional services, relocation expenses, severance costs and cost savings related to the termination of certain employees.
(g) Reflects non-cash expenses related to miscellaneous asset write-offs and non-cash gains/losses on foreign currencies which were expensed.
(h) Reflects costs which were expensed related to the amendments to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.
(i) Reflects costs related to our acquisition of the Knott’s Soak City Chula Vista water park and pre-opening costs related to Aquatica San Diego.
(j)

The adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2010 include approximately $20.9 million of

 

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adjustments permitted under our debt covenants, related to our separation from ABI and certain restructuring costs. As we established some of the services provided to us by ABI, such services became part of our ongoing cost structure and accordingly, we did not use these adjustments for any periods subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2010. Adjusted EBITDA excluding such adjustments would have been $322,376 for the year ended December 31, 2010.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our principal contractual obligations as of December 31, 2012 (in thousands):

 

    Total     Less than 1
Year
    1-3 Years     3-5 Years     More than 5
Years
 

Long-term debt (including current portion)(1)

  $ 1,845,774      $ 21,330      $ 42,660      $ 1,781,784      $ —     

Interest(2)

    379,080        101,635        199,374        78,071        —     

Operating leases(3)

    360,703        12,983        25,609        24,002        298,109   

Purchase obligations(4)

    121,334        106,493        14,841        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total contractual obligations

  $ 2,706,891      $ 242,441      $ 282,484      $ 1,883,857      $ 298,109   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) In connection with our initial public offering in April 2013, we repaid $37.0 million of the outstanding indebtedness under the then existing Term B Loan and redeemed $140.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes at a redemption price of 111.0%, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon.
(2) Estimated future interest payments for our Senior Secured Credit Facilities are based on interest rates in effect at December 31, 2012 and estimated future interest payments for the Senior Notes are based on interest rates in effect at December 31, 2012. Interest obligations also include letter of credit and commitment fees for the used and unused portions of our Revolving Credit Facility. In addition, interest expense associated with deferred financing fees was excluded from the table as the expense is non-cash in nature.
(3) Represents commitments under long-term operating leases, primarily consisting of the lease for the land of our SeaWorld theme park in San Diego, California, requiring annual minimum lease payments.
(4) We had minimum purchase commitments with various vendors through May 2013. Outstanding minimum purchase commitments consist primarily of capital expenditures related to future attractions, infrastructure enhancements for existing facilities and information technology products and services.

As of September 30, 2013, there were no material changes to our contractual obligations, other than the long-term debt and interest obligations. As a result of the changes due to Amendment No. 5 to our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, our long-term debt obligations at September 30, 2013 (in thousands), not including any possible prepayments are as follows for the less than one year, 1-3 year, 3-5 year and more than 5 year periods, respectively: $14,050; $14,050; $274,050; and $1,359,337. Our estimated future interest payments for our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and Senior Notes based on interest rates in effect at September 30, 2013 are as follows for the less than one year, 1-3 year, 3-5 year and more than 5 year periods, respectively: $71,920; $142,456; $87,973; and $62,786.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2013.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Inflation

The impact of inflation has affected, and will continue to affect, our operations significantly. Our costs of food, merchandise and other revenues are influenced by inflation and fluctuations in global

 

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commodity prices. In addition, costs for construction, repairs and maintenance are all subject to inflationary pressures.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risks from fluctuations in interest rates, and to a lesser extent on currency exchange rates, from time to time, on imported rides and equipment. The objective of our financial risk management is to reduce the potential negative impact of interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations to acceptable levels. We do not acquire market risk sensitive instruments for trading purposes.

We manage interest rate risk through the use of a combination of fixed-rate long-term debt and interest rate swaps that fix a portion of our variable-rate long-term debt.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our variable-rate debt. During the next 12 months, our estimate is that an additional $1.6 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense.

After considering the impact of interest rate swap agreements, at September 30, 2013, approximately $810.0 million of our outstanding long-term debt represents fixed-rate debt and approximately $851.5 million represents variable-rate debt. Assuming an average balance on our revolving credit borrowings of approximately $40.0 million, a hypothetical 100 bps increase in 30-day LIBOR on our variable-rate debt would lead to an increase of approximately $4.6 million in annual cash interest costs due to the impact of our fixed-rate swap agreements.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingencies during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions include the valuation and useful lives of long-lived tangible and intangible assets, the valuation of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, the accounting for income taxes, the accounting for self-insurance, revenue recognition and equity-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We believe that the following discussion addresses our critical accounting policies which require management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment additions are recorded at cost and the carrying value is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of those assets. Internal development costs associated with rides and equipment are capitalized after feasibility studies have been completed and substantially all product development is complete. Interest is capitalized on all major construction projects. It is possible that changes in circumstances such as technological advances, changes to our business model or changes in capital strategy could result in the actual useful lives differing from estimates. In those cases in which we determine that the useful life of property and equipment should

 

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be shortened, we depreciate the remaining net book value in excess of the salvage value over the revised remaining useful life, thereby increasing depreciation expense evenly through the remaining expected life.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

All long-lived assets, including property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The impairment indicators considered important that may trigger an impairment review, if significant, include the following:

 

  Ÿ  

underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in the manner of use of the assets;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in management, strategy or customers;

 

  Ÿ  

negative industry or economic trends; and

 

  Ÿ  

macroeconomic conditions.

An impairment loss may be recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset, including disposition, are less than the carrying value of the asset. The measurement of the impairment loss to be recognized is based upon the difference between the fair value and the carrying amounts of the assets. Fair value is generally determined based upon a discounted cash flow analysis. In order to determine if an asset has been impaired, assets are grouped and tested at the lowest level for which identifiable, independent cash flows are available.

The determination of both undiscounted and discounted future cash flows requires management to make significant estimates and consider an anticipated course of action as of the balance sheet date. Subsequent changes in estimated undiscounted and discounted future cash flows arising from changes in anticipated actions could impact the determination of whether impairment exists, the amount of the impairment charge recorded and whether the effects could materially impact the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment annually for ongoing recoverability based on applicable reporting unit performance and consideration of significant events or changes in the overall business environment.

In assessing goodwill for impairment, we initially evaluate qualitative factors to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. We consider several factors, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, changes in management, strategy or customers, and relevant reporting unit specific events such as a change in the carrying amount of net assets, a more-likely-than-not expectation of selling or disposing all, or a portion, of a reporting unit, and the testing of recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit. If the qualitative assessment is not conclusive, then the recorded value of the reporting unit is compared to the fair value of the reporting unit, which is determined using a discounted future cash flow analysis. If the recorded amount exceeds the fair value, the impairment write-down is quantified by comparing the current implied value of goodwill to the recorded goodwill balance.

Significant judgments required in this testing process may include projecting future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and other assumptions. Projections are based on

 

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management’s best estimates given recent financial performance, market trends, strategic plans and other available information which in recent years have been materially accurate. Although not currently anticipated, changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value or impairment. It is possible that our assumptions about future performance, as well as the economic outlook and related conclusions regarding the valuation of our assets, could change adversely, which may result in impairment that would have a material effect on our financial position and results of operations in future periods. At December 1, 2012 and 2010, a quantitative assessment was performed and we determined that we had no reporting units that were considered impaired as a result of this goodwill impairment test. At December 1, 2011, a qualitative assessment was performed and we determined, after assessing the totality of relevant events and circumstances, that it was not more likely than not that the carrying value exceeded the fair value of the reporting units. Accordingly, based upon the qualitative assessment test that was performed in 2011 and the quantitative assessments that were performed as of December 1, 2012 and 2010, we had no reporting units that were considered at risk of failing step one of the goodwill impairment test.

Our indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of certain trade names which, after considering legal, regulatory, contractual, and other competitive and economic factors, are determined to have indefinite lives and are valued annually using the relief from royalty method. Significant estimates required in this valuation method include estimated future revenues impacted by the trade names, royalty rate by park, appropriate discount rates, remaining useful life, and other assumptions. Projections are based on management’s best estimates given recent financial performance, market trends, strategic plans, brand awareness, operating characteristics by park, and other available information which in recent years have been materially accurate. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the fair value determination used in the assessment of impairment. At December 1, 2012, the fair value of trade names was substantially in excess of their carrying values.

Accounting for Income Taxes

We are required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as depreciation periods for property and equipment and deferred revenue, for tax and financial accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheet. We must then assess the likelihood that deferred tax assets (primarily net operating and capital loss carryforwards) will be recovered from future taxable income. To the extent that we believe that recovery is not likely, a valuation allowance against those amounts is recognized. To the extent that we recognize a valuation allowance or an increase in the valuation allowance during a period, we recognize these amounts as income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Section 382 of the Code contains rules that limit the ability of a company that undergoes an ownership change, which is generally any change in ownership of more than 50% of its stock over a rolling three-year period, to utilize its net operating loss carryforwards in years after the ownership change. These rules generally operate by focusing on ownership shifts among stockholders owning directly or indirectly 5% or more of the stock of a company and any change in ownership arising from shares of stock sold by these same stockholders.

Although we believe that this offering will likely give rise to an ownership change under Section 382, we believe that the resulting limitations imposed by Section 382 will not affect our ability to use our existing net operating loss carryforwards. Any future ownership change may, however, result in further limitations imposed by Section 382. Any such limitation may have the effect of reducing our after-tax cash flow in future years and may affect our need for a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets.

 

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Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision or benefit for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets. Management has analyzed the positive and negative evidence and has determined that it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will be realized, and, therefore, no valuation allowances are needed.

Self-Insurance Reserves

Reserves are recorded for the estimated amounts of guest and employee claims and expenses incurred each period that are not covered by insurance. Reserves are established for both identified claims and incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims. Such amounts are accrued for when claim amounts become probable and estimable. Reserves for identified claims are based upon our own historical claims experience and third-party estimates of settlement costs. Reserves for IBNR claims are based upon our own claims data history, as well as industry averages. All reserves are periodically reviewed for changes in facts and circumstances and adjustments are made as necessary.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue upon admission into a theme park or when products are delivered to customers. For season passes and other multiuse admissions, revenue is deferred and recognized based on the terms of the admission product and the estimated number of visits expected and is adjusted periodically.

We have entered into agreements with certain external theme park, zoo and other attraction operators, to jointly market and sell admission products. These joint products allow admission to both a Company park and an external park, zoo or other attraction. The agreements with the external parks specify the allocation of revenue to us from any jointly sold products. Deferred revenue is recorded based on the terms of the respective agreement and the related revenue is recognized upon admission.

Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards

In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance clarifying how to measure and disclose fair value. This guidance amends the application of the “highest and best use” concept to be used only in the measurement of fair value of nonfinancial assets, clarifies that the measurement of the fair value of equity-classified financial instruments should be performed from the perspective of a market participant who holds the instrument as an asset, clarifies that an entity that manages a group of financial assets and liabilities on the basis of its net risk exposure can measure those financial instruments on the basis of its net exposure to those risks, and clarifies when premiums and discounts should be taken into account when measuring fair value. The fair value disclosure requirements were also amended. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011. We adopted the amended guidance effective January 1, 2012 and it did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

In June 2011, the FASB issued guidance that revises the manner in which entities present comprehensive income in their financial statements. The guidance requires entities to report the components of comprehensive income in either a single, continuous statement or two separate but consecutive statements. In December 2011, the FASB issued guidance which defers certain requirements set forth in June 2011. These amendments were made to allow the FASB time to redeliberate whether to present on the face of the financial statements the effects of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the components of net income and other

 

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comprehensive income in all periods presented. Both sets of guidance were effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011 and are required to be applied retrospectively. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2012 and accordingly applied to the new guidance retrospectively. Such adoption only resulted in a change in how we present the components of comprehensive income.

In September 2011, the FASB issued guidance related to testing goodwill for impairment. Under the amended guidance, entities testing goodwill for impairment have the option of performing a qualitative assessment before calculating the fair value of the reporting units. If the entities determine, based on the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not an impairment has not occurred, no further quantitative testing is necessary. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. We early adopted the guidance and performed a qualitative assessment as our initial step for the 2011 annual review of goodwill impairment. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2012, the FASB issued new accounting guidance relating to impairment testing for indefinite-lived intangible assets. In accordance with this guidance, an entity has the option first to assess qualitative factors to determine whether events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If after such assessment an entity concludes that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is not impaired, then the entity is not required to take further action. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to determine the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and perform the quantitative impairment test as required by existing standards. This guidance is effective for annual and interim impairment tests for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012 and early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating this guidance, which is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-02, “Reporting Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,” which amends ASC 220, Comprehensive Income. The amended guidance requires entities to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. Additionally, entities are required to present, either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income. The amended guidance does not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income. The amendments are effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. The adoption of ASU No. 2013-02 did not have a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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BUSINESS

Company Overview

We are a leading theme park and entertainment company delivering personal, interactive and educational experiences that blend imagination with nature and enable our customers to celebrate, connect with and care for the natural world we share. We own or license a portfolio of globally recognized brands, including SeaWorld, Shamu and Busch Gardens. Over our more than 50 year history, we have built a diversified portfolio of 11 destination and regional theme parks that are grouped in key markets across the United States, many of which showcase our one-of-a-kind collection of approximately 67,000 marine and terrestrial animals. Our theme parks feature a diverse array of rides, shows and other attractions with broad demographic appeal which deliver memorable experiences and a strong value proposition for our guests. In addition to our theme parks, we have recently begun to leverage our brands into media, entertainment and consumer products.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, we hosted more than 24 million guests in our theme parks, including approximately 3.5 million international guests from over 55 countries and six continents. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we hosted approximately 18.9 million guests, including approximately 2.9 million international guests. In the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we had total revenues of $1,423.8 million and $1,188.3 million, respectively, and net income of $77.4 million and $64.0 million, respectively. Our increasing revenue and growing profit margins, combined with our disciplined approach to capital expenditures and working capital management, enable us to generate strong and recurring cash flow.

Our legacy started in 1959 with the opening of our first Busch Gardens theme park in Tampa, Florida. Since then, we have built our portfolio of strong brands and have strategically expanded our portfolio of theme parks across five states and approximately 2,000 acres of owned land, including through acquisitions. In 2012, we acquired Knott’s Soak City Chula Vista water park in California, which we rebranded and relaunched as Aquatica San Diego on June 1, 2013.

Our portfolio of branded theme parks includes the following names:

 

  Ÿ  

SeaWorld.    SeaWorld is widely recognized as the leading marine-life theme park brand in the world. Our SeaWorld theme parks, located in Orlando, San Antonio and San Diego, each rank among the most highly attended theme parks in the industry and offer up-close interactive experiences and a variety of live performances, including shows featuring Shamu in specially designed amphitheaters. We offer our guests numerous animal encounters, including the opportunity to work with trainers and feed marine animals, as well as themed thrill rides and theatrical shows that creatively incorporate our one-of-a-kind animal collection.

 

  Ÿ  

Busch Gardens.    Our Busch Gardens theme parks are family-oriented destinations designed to immerse guests in foreign geographic settings. They are renowned for their beauty and award-winning landscaping and gardens and allow our guests to discover the natural side of fun by offering a family experience featuring a variety of attractions and rollercoasters in a richly-themed environment. Busch Gardens Tampa presents our collection of animals from Africa, Asia and Australia. Busch Gardens Williamsburg, which has been named the Most Beautiful Park in the World by the National Amusement Park Historical Association for 23 consecutive years, showcases European-themed cultural and culinary experiences, including high-quality theatrical productions.

 

  Ÿ  

Aquatica.    Our Aquatica branded water parks are premium, family-oriented destinations that are based in a South Seas-themed tropical setting. Aquatica water parks build on the aquatic theme of our SeaWorld brand and feature high-energy rides, water attractions, white-sand beaches and an innovative and entertaining presentation of marine and terrestrial animals. We position our Aquatica water parks as companion water parks to our SeaWorld theme parks in Orlando and San Diego and we have an Aquatica water park situated within our SeaWorld San Antonio theme park.

 

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  Ÿ  

Discovery Cove.    Discovery Cove is a reservations only, all-inclusive, marine-life day resort adjacent to SeaWorld Orlando. Discovery Cove offers guests personal, signature experiences, including the opportunity to swim and interact with dolphins, take an underwater walking reef tour and enjoy pristine white-sand beaches and landscaped private cabanas. Discovery Cove presently limits its attendance to approximately 1,300 guests per day and features premium culinary offerings in order to provide guests with a more relaxed, intimate and high-end luxury resort experience.

 

  Ÿ  

Sesame Place.    Sesame Place is the only U.S. theme park based entirely on the award-winning television show Sesame Street. Located between Philadelphia and New York City, Sesame Place is a destination where parents and children can share in the spirit of imagination and experience Sesame Street together through whirling rides, water slides, colorful shows and furry friends. In addition, we have introduced Sesame Street brands in our other theme parks through Sesame Street-themed rides, shows, children’s play areas and merchandise.

We generate revenue primarily from selling admission to our theme parks and from purchases of food, merchandise and other spending. For the year ended December 31, 2012, theme park admissions accounted for approximately 62% of our revenue, and purchases of food, merchandise and other spending accounted for approximately 38% of our revenue. Over the same period of time, we reported $36.26 in admission per capita and $22.11 in-park per capita spending, representing an increase of 3.9% and 3.3%, respectively, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, theme park admissions accounted for approximately 63% of our revenue and purchases of food, merchandise and other spending accounted for approximately 37% of our total revenue. Over the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we reported $39.50 in admission per capita and $23.28 of in-park per capita spending, representing an increase of 9.6% and 4.0%, respectively, from the nine month period ended September 30, 2012. For more information, see “—Our Brands” and “—Our Products and Services” below.

As one of the world’s foremost zoological organizations and a global leader in animal welfare, training, husbandry and veterinary care, we are committed to helping protect and preserve the environment and the natural world. For more information, see “—Our Animals” and “—Philanthropy and Community Relations” below.

Our Competitive Strengths

 

  Ÿ  

Brands That Consumers Know and Love.    We believe that our brands attract and appeal to guests from around the world and have been established as a part of popular culture. Our brand portfolio is highly stable, which we believe reduces our exposure to changing consumer tastes. We use our brands and intellectual property to increase awareness of our theme parks, drive attendance to our theme parks and create “out-of-park” experiences for our guests as a way to connect with them before they visit our theme parks and to stay connected with them after their visit. Such experiences include various media and consumer product offerings, including websites, advertisements and media programming, toys, books, apparel and technology accessories. The popularity of our brands is evidenced by over 62 million unique visitors to our websites from January 2012 through September 2013. In addition to our theme parks, we have recently begun to leverage our brands into media, entertainment and consumer products. Our Sea Rescue television program was seen by more than 98 million viewers in its first two seasons and is currently in its third season. In October 2013, we introduced our newest television program, The Wildlife Docs.

 

  Ÿ  

Differentiated Theme Parks.    We own and operate 11 theme parks, including five of the top 20 theme parks in North America as measured by attendance according to the TEA/AECOM report. Our theme parks are beautifully themed and deliver high-quality entertainment,

 

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aesthetic appeal, shopping and dining and have won numerous awards, including Amusement Today’s Golden Ticket Awards for Best Landscaping. Our theme parks feature seven of the 50 highest rated steel rollercoasters in the world, led by Apollo’s Chariot, the #5 rated steel rollercoaster in the world. Our theme parks have won the top three spots in Amusement Today’s annual Golden Ticket Award for Best Marine Life Park since the award’s inception in 2006. As of December 31, 2012, we had over 600 attractions, including 93 animal habitats, 116 shows and 187 rides to appeal to guests of all ages. In addition, we have over 300 restaurants and specialty shops. Our theme parks appeal to the entire family and offer a broad range of experiences, ranging from emotional and educational animal encounters to thrilling rides and exciting shows.

 

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Diversified Business Portfolio.    Our portfolio of theme parks is diversified in a number of important respects. Our theme parks are located across the United States, which helps protect us from the impact of localized events. Each theme park showcases a different mix of zoological, thrill-oriented and family-friendly attractions. This varied portfolio of entertainment offerings attracts guests from a broad range of demographics and geographies. Our theme parks appeal to both regional and destination guests, which provides us with a stable attendance base while allowing us to benefit from improvements in macroeconomic conditions, including increased consumer spending and international travel.

 

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One of the World’s Largest Zoological Collections.    We believe we are attractively positioned in the industry due to our ability to display our extensive animal collection in a differentiated and interactive manner. We believe we have one of the world’s largest zoological collections with approximately 67,000 animals, including approximately 7,000 marine and terrestrial animals and approximately 60,000 fish. With 28 killer whales, we have the largest group of killer whales in human care. We have established successful and innovative breeding programs that have produced 30 killer whales, 155 dolphins and 130 sea lions, among other species, and our marine animal populations are characterized by their substantial genetic diversity. More than 80% of our marine mammals were born in human care.

 

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Strong Competitive Position.    Our competitive position is protected by the combination of our powerful brands, extensive animal collection and expertise and attractive in-park assets located on valuable real estate. Our animal collection and zoological expertise, which have evolved over our more than four decades of caring for animals, would be very difficult to replicate. From 2010 through 2012, we have made extensive investments in new marketable attractions and infrastructure and we believe that our theme parks are well capitalized. The limited supply of real estate suitable for theme park development coupled with high initial capital investment, long development lead-times and zoning and other land use restrictions constrain the number of large theme parks that can be constructed.

 

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Proven and Experienced Management Team and Employees with Specialized Animal Expertise.    Our senior management team, led by Jim Atchison, our Chief Executive Officer and President, includes some of the most experienced theme park executives in the world, with an average tenure of more than 30 years in the industry. The management team is comprised of highly skilled and dedicated professionals with wide ranging experience in theme park operations, zoological operations, product development, business development and marketing. In addition, we are one of the world’s foremost zoological organizations with approximately 1,600 employees dedicated to animal welfare, training, husbandry and veterinary care.

 

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Proximity of Complementary Theme Parks.    Our theme parks are grouped in key locations near large population centers across the United States, which allows us to realize revenue and operating expense efficiencies. Having theme parks located within close proximity to each other enables us to cross market and offer bundled ticket and travel packages. In addition, closely located theme parks provide operating efficiencies including sales, marketing, procurement and administrative synergies as overhead expenses are shared among the theme parks within each region. We intend to continue to capitalize on this strength, including through

 

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our 2012 acquisition of Knott’s Soak City Chula Vista water park in California, which we rebranded and relaunched as Aquatica San Diego on June 1, 2013 near our SeaWorld San Diego theme park.

 

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Attractive, Growing Profit Margins and Strong Cash Flow Generation.    Our attractive and growing profit margins, combined with our disciplined approach to capital expenditures and working capital management, enable us to generate strong and recurring cash flow. Five of our 11 theme parks are open year-round, reducing our seasonal cash flow volatility. In addition, we have substantial tax assets which we expect to be available to defer a portion of our cash tax burden going forward.

 

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Care for Our Community and the Natural World.    Caring for our community and the natural world is a core part of our corporate identity and resonates with our guests. We focus on three core philanthropic areas: children, environment, and education. Through the power of entertainment, we are able to inspire children and educate guests of all ages. We support numerous charities and organizations across the country. For example, we are the primary supporter and corporate member of the SeaWorld & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund, a non-profit conservation foundation, which makes grants to wildlife research and conservation projects that protect wildlife and wild places worldwide. In addition, in collaboration with the government and other members of accredited stranding networks, we operate one of the world’s most respected programs to rescue ill and injured marine animals, with the goal to rehabilitate and return them back to the wild. Our animal experts have helped more than 23,000 ill, injured, orphaned and abandoned animals for more than four decades.

Our Strategies

We plan to grow our business by increasing our existing theme park revenues through strategies designed to drive higher attendance and increase in-park per capita spending, as well as by creating new sources of revenue through expansion of our theme parks, new theme park development and extending our brands into new media, entertainment and consumer products. We believe that our strategies complement each other as they lead to increased brand strength and awareness and drive revenue growth and profitability. Our strategies include the following components:

 

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Continue to Create Memorable Experiences for Our Guests.    Our mission is to use the power of educational entertainment to continue to inspire our guests to celebrate, connect with and care for the natural world we share. We provide our guests with innovative and immersive theme park experiences, such as our 3-D, 360-degree TurtleTrek attraction, which opened in 2012 at SeaWorld Orlando, and our Antarctica: Empire of the Penguin attraction, which opened in 2013 also at SeaWorld Orlando, and immerses guests into a penguin habitat. We also offer guests exciting rides, animal encounters and beautifully-themed entertainment that are difficult to replicate, such as in-water experiences with beluga whales at SeaWorld Orlando and our Cheetah Hunt ride, which is a launch coaster that opened in 2011 and runs alongside a cheetah habitat at Busch Gardens Tampa. As a result of these distinctive offerings, our guest surveys routinely report very high “Overall Satisfaction” scores, with 97% of respondents in 2013 ranking their experience good or excellent. Going forward, we will continue to develop high-quality experiences for our guests, focused on integrating our impressive animal collection with creatively themed settings and products that our guests will remember long after they leave our theme parks. In November 2013, we launched AnimalVision, which allows our guests to deepen their connection with animals at our theme parks through on-habitat cameras that stream 24/7 footage of our animal habitats to customized interactive websites.

 

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Drive Increased Attendance to Our Theme Parks.    We plan to drive increased attendance to our theme parks by continually introducing new attractions, differentiated experiences and enhanced service offerings. Because of the historic correlation between capital investment and

 

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increased attendance, we plan to add to our award-winning portfolio of assets and spend capital in support of marketable events, such as SeaWorld’s 50th Anniversary Celebration. We also plan to increase awareness of our theme parks and brands through effective media and marketing campaigns, including the targeted use of online and social media platforms. For example, since their introduction in 2006, our YouTube channels have attracted approximately 28 million views, and we believe that we can continue to use traditional and new media to increase awareness of our brands and drive attendance to our theme parks.

 

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Expand In-Park Per Capita Spending through New and Enhanced Offerings.    We believe that by providing our guests additional and enhanced offerings at various price points, we can drive further spending in our theme parks. For example, we recently introduced an “all-day-dining deal” for a supplemental fee, which we believe has resulted in increased in-park per capita spending. In addition, we have developed iPhone and Android smartphone applications for our SeaWorld and Busch Gardens theme parks, which offer GPS navigation through the theme parks and interactive theme park maps that show the nearest dining locations, gift shops and ATMs and provide real-time updates on wait times for rides. Our guests have quickly adopted these products with over 1.4 million downloads of our smartphone applications from June 2011 through September 2013. We believe that going forward, there are significant avenues to expand guest offerings in ways that both increase guest satisfaction and provide us with incremental revenue.

 

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Grow Revenue through Disciplined and Dynamic Pricing.    We are focused on increasing our revenues through a variety of ticket options and disciplined pricing and promotional strategies. We offer an array of tailored admission options, including season passes and multi-park tickets to motivate the purchase of higher value products and increase in-park per capita spending. In addition, to increase non-peak demand we offer seasonal and special events and concerts, some of which are separately priced. We have begun deploying a dynamic pricing model, which will enable us to adjust admission prices for our theme parks based on expected demand.

 

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Increase Profitability through Operating Leverage and Rigorous Cost Management.    Adding incremental attendance and driving additional in-park per capita spending affords us with an opportunity to realize gains in profitability because of the fixed cost base and high operating leverage of our business. We also employ rigorous cost management techniques to drive additional operating efficiencies. For example, we utilize a centralized procurement and strategic sourcing team and participate in several cooperative buying organizations to leverage our purchases company-wide and have also recently consolidated our marketing spending with a single agency to streamline our marketing efforts.

 

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Pursue Disciplined Capital Deployment, Expansion and Acquisition Opportunities.    We pursue a disciplined capital deployment strategy focused on the development and improvement of rides, attractions and shows, as well as seek to leverage our strong brands and expertise to pursue selective domestic and international expansion and acquisition opportunities. As part of this strategy, we seek to replicate successful capital investments in particular attractions across multiple theme parks, as we did with our Journey to Atlantis watercoaster that premiered in SeaWorld Orlando and was later introduced in the other SeaWorld theme parks. We have been successful in grouping our theme parks and water parks near each other, which allows us to operate companion theme parks with reduced overhead costs and creates revenue opportunities through multi-park tickets and other joint marketing initiatives. For example, in November 2012, we acquired Knott’s Soak City Chula Vista water park, which we rebranded and relaunched as Aquatica San Diego on June 1, 2013, near our SeaWorld San Diego theme park. We also evaluate new domestic theme park opportunities as well as potential joint venture opportunities that would allow us to expand internationally by combining our brands and zoological and operational expertise with third-party capital.

 

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Leverage and Expand Our Brands to Increase Awareness and Create New Opportunities.    Our brands are highly regarded and are primarily based on our own intellectual property, which provides us with opportunities to leverage our intellectual property

 

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portfolio and develop new media, entertainment and consumer products. For example, on May 24, 2013, we opened Antarctica: Empire of the Penguin at our SeaWorld Orlando theme park that features a new animated penguin character, Puck, and coincides with the launch of new in-park merchandise, mobile gaming, and consumer products designed around the Puck character. In addition, we are able to expand into new media platforms by partnering with others to create new, powerful entertainment opportunities. In 2012, we launched Sea Rescue, a Saturday morning television show airing on the ABC Network featuring our work to rescue injured animals in coordination with various government agencies and other rescue organizations, which attracted over 98 million viewers in its first two seasons and has been rated as the number one show in its timeslot in a number of major U.S. markets since its debut. More recently, in October 2013, we introduced our newest television program, The Wildlife Docs.

 

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Continue our Support of Species Conservation, Sustainability and Animal Welfare.    Our zoological know-how and coast-to-coast presence provide us with significant opportunities to contribute to global species conservation, sustainability and animal welfare initiatives. For example, our employees regularly assist in animal rescue efforts, and the non-profit SeaWorld & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund, of which we are the primary supporter and corporate member, makes grants to wildlife research and species conservation projects worldwide. Our species conservation efforts and philanthropic activities generate positive awareness and goodwill for our business. These efforts are a core part of our corporate culture and identity and resonate with our customers.

Our Industry

We believe that the theme park industry is an attractive sector characterized by a proven business model that generates significant cash flow and has clear avenues for growth. Theme parks offer a strong consumer value proposition, particularly when compared to other forms of out-of-home entertainment such as concerts, sporting events, cruises and movies. As a result, theme parks attract a broad range of guests and generally exhibit strong margins across regions, operators, park types and macroeconomic conditions.

According to the IBISWorld Report, the U.S. theme park industry, which hosts approximately 315 million visitors per year, is comprised of a large number of venues ranging from a small group of high attendance, heavily-themed destination theme parks to a large group of lower attendance local theme parks and family entertainment centers. According to the TEA/AECOM Report, the United States is the largest theme park market in the world with five of the ten largest theme park operators and 12 of the 25 most-visited theme parks in the world. In 2013, the U.S. theme park industry is expected to generate approximately $14.7 billion in revenues, according to the IBISWorld Report.

Our Brands

We own or license a portfolio of globally recognized brands, including SeaWorld, Shamu, Busch Gardens and Sesame Place. By focusing on nature-based themes, our theme parks distinguish themselves from traditional theme parks and are able to attract a diverse geographic and demographic mix of guests. Our brand portfolio is highly stable, reducing our exposure to changing consumer tastes.

Our strong brands allow us to command higher admissions prices, drive in-park per capita spending and generate out-of-park revenue. We are focused on developing proprietary brands and intellectual property that we can leverage through a variety of media and entertainment platforms and consumer products to drive attendance to our theme parks and create “out-of-park” experiences for our guests as a way to connect with them before they visit our theme parks and to stay connected with them after their visit. Such experiences include various media and consumer product offerings, including websites, advertisements and media programming, toys, books, apparel and technology accessories. Our brands are among our most important assets, and we are actively engaged in enforcement and other activities to protect our intellectual property rights.

 

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Our Theme Parks

We are best known for our theme parks, which hosted more than 24 million guests during the year ended December 31, 2012 and approximately 18.9 million guests during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Our theme parks offer guests a variety of exhilarating experiences, from animal encounters that invite exploration and appreciation of the natural world, to thrilling rides and spectacular shows. The theme parks are beautifully themed venues that are consistently recognized among the top theme parks in the world and rank among the most highly attended in the industry. In 2012, SeaWorld Orlando, SeaWorld San Diego and Busch Gardens Tampa each ranked among the top 25 theme parks worldwide based on attendance, and Aquatica Orlando and Water Country USA each ranked among the top 20 water parks worldwide based on attendance. We generally locate our theme parks in geographical clusters, which improves our ability to serve guests by providing them with a varied, comprehensive vacation experience and valuable multi-park pricing packages, as well as improving our operating efficiency through shared overhead costs.

The following table summarizes our theme park portfolio as of December 31, 2012:

 

Location   Theme
Park
  Year
Opened
    Season   Animal
Habitats(2)
  Rides(3)   Shows(4)   Play
Areas(5)
  Events(6)   Distinctive
Experiences(7)

Orlando, FL

  LOGO       1973      Year-

round

  19   14   18   2   7   17
  LOGO       2000      Year-
round
  5   0   0   0   0   5
  LOGO       2008      Year-
round
  5   13   0   2   0   2

Tampa, FL

  LOGO       1959      Year-
round
  16   30   18   11   9   20
  LOGO       1980      Mar-Oct   0   12   0   4   1   2

San Diego,

CA

  LOGO       1964      Year-
round
  26   10   20   2   4   11
  LOGO       1996 (1)    May-Sep   2   11   0   0   0   0

San Antonio,

TX

  LOGO       1988      Feb-Dec   12   23   29   12   7   32

Williamsburg,

VA

  LOGO       1975      Mar-Oct
& Dec
  7   38   16   8   6   28
  LOGO       1984      May-Sep   1   14   1   4   0   6

Langhorne,

PA

  LOGO       1980      May-Oct
& Dec
  0   22   14   9   4   7

Total(8)

  LOGO                 93   187   116   54   38   130

 

(1) On November 20, 2012, we acquired the Knott’s Soak City Chula Vista water park from Cedar Fair, L.P. This water park was rebranded and relaunched as Aquatica San Diego on June 1, 2013.
(2) Represents animal habitats without a ride or show element, often adjacent to a similarly themed attraction.
(3) Represents rides, including mechanical rides and water slides.
(4) Represents annual and seasonal shows with live entertainment, animals, characters and/or 3-D or 4-D experiences.
(5) Represents pure play areas, typically designed for children or seasonal special event oriented, often without a queue (such as water splash areas and Halloween mazes).
(6) Represents special limited time events.
(7) Represents special experiences, such as educational tours, immersive dining experiences and swimming with animals, often limited to small groups and individuals and/or requiring a supplemental fee.
(8) The total number of animal habitats, rides, shows, play areas, events and distinctive experiences in our theme park portfolio varies seasonally.

 

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  Ÿ  

SeaWorld.    SeaWorld is globally recognized as the leading marine-life theme park brand in the world. Our SeaWorld theme parks offer a truly memorable experience for guests of all ages: up-close animal encounters, thrilling attractions and lavish performances that immerse guests in the marine-life theme. Each SeaWorld theme park showcases killer whales at Shamu Stadium, which features inspiring shows, underwater viewing and special dining experiences. We currently own and operate the following SeaWorld branded theme parks:

 

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SeaWorld Orlando is a 279 acre theme park in Orlando, Florida and is open year-round. It is our largest theme park as measured by attendance and revenue. SeaWorld Orlando is home to the original Journey to Atlantis watercoaster ride and Kraken, a floorless rollercoaster. In 2009, SeaWorld Orlando opened Manta, integrating animals and a beautiful aquarium into the theming of a flying rollercoaster. In April 2012, we opened TurtleTrek, one of the first attractions with two extensive naturalistic habitats, home to manatees and sea turtles, and a 3-D, 360-degree dome theater, which allows a 3-D movie to be shown all around guests and even above them. In 2013, we opened Antarctica: Empire of the Penguin, a realm within our SeaWorld Orlando theme park that immerses guests into a penguin habitat. This attraction includes innovative ride technology and features a new animated penguin character, Puck.

 

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SeaWorld San Antonio is one of the world’s largest marine-life theme parks, encompassing 416 acres in San Antonio, Texas. Open 11 months of the year, SeaWorld San Antonio features thrilling rollercoasters, including the Steel Eel and The Great White, along with a collection of marine-themed shows and experiences, including the killer whale show One Ocean. Our guests can upgrade their experience for an additional fee to also enjoy our Aquatica water park located within SeaWorld San Antonio.

 

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SeaWorld San Diego is the original SeaWorld theme park spanning 190 acres of waterfront property on Mission Bay in San Diego, California. SeaWorld San Diego is open year-round and is one of the most visited paid attractions in San Diego. Manta, a new attraction built in 2012 and modeled on the successful Manta ride in SeaWorld Orlando, includes animal habitats featuring bat rays and other marine-life as well as a launch rollercoaster shaped like a giant manta ray.

Collectively, our theme parks have won the top three spots in Amusement Today’s annual Golden Ticket Award for Best Marine Life Park since the award’s inception in 2006. We have over 48 years of experience developing techniques for reproducing, maintaining and showing marine mammals.

 

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Busch Gardens.    Our Busch Gardens theme parks are family-oriented theme parks designed to immerse guests in foreign geographic settings and they feature a combination of rollercoasters, exotic animals and high-energy theatrical productions that appeal to all ages. Our Busch Gardens theme parks are renowned for their beauty and cleanliness with award-winning landscaping and gardens. We currently own and operate the following Busch Gardens theme parks:

 

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Busch Gardens Tampa features exotic animals, thrill rides and shows on 306 acres of lush natural landscape. With more than 12,000 animals representing more than 300 species, Busch Gardens Tampa offers more opportunities to learn about and interact with amazing animals than any other of our theme parks. Our zoological collection is a popular attraction for families, and its portfolio of rides, including three of the world’s top 35 steel rollercoasters, broaden the theme park’s appeal to teens and thrill seekers of all ages. Our newest attractions include the award winning Iceploration show, state-of-the-art Animal Care Center and Christmas Town, which opened in 2012.

 

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  Ÿ  

Busch Gardens Williamsburg is regularly recognized as one of the highest quality theme parks in the world, capturing dozens of awards over its 37-year history for attraction and show quality, design, landscaping, culinary operations and theming. This 422 acre theme park has been named the Most Beautiful Park in the World by the National Amusement Park Historical Association for 23 consecutive years and has earned the Golden Ticket for Best Landscaping each year since the category’s inception in 1998. It features some of the industry’s top thrill rides with three steel rollercoasters, Apollo’s Chariot, Alpengeist and Griffon, ranked in the top 50 in Amusement Today’s annual survey. Its newest steel rollercoaster, Verbolten, a multi-launch, indoor/outdoor rollercoaster that ends with an 88-foot drop toward the theme park’s Rhine River, opened in 2012.

 

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Aquatica.    Aquatica are high-end water parks that place an equal emphasis on high-energy water rides and innovative presentations of marine and terrestrial animals, while leveraging our brand and aquatic mammal expertise. We position our Aquatica water parks as companions to our SeaWorld theme parks and currently own and operate the following Aquatica branded theme parks:

 

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Aquatica Orlando is an 81 acre South Seas-themed water park adjacent to SeaWorld Orlando. It was the 3rd most attended water park in North America in 2011 and 2012 and is open year-round. The theme park features state-of-the-art attractions for guests of all ages and swimming abilities, including some that pass by or through animal habitats, including the signature Dolphin Plunge that carries guests through a Commerson’s dolphin habitat.

 

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Aquatica San Diego is the latest theme park to be added to our portfolio. This theme park was acquired from Cedar Fair in November 2012 and was rebranded and relaunched as Aquatica San Diego on June 1, 2013 after undergoing extensive renovations.

 

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Aquatica San Antonio is a newly-added water park located within SeaWorld San Antonio and accessible to guests for an additional fee. It features a variety of waterslides, rivers, lagoons, more than 45,000 square feet of beach area, private cabanas and more than 500 stingrays and tropical fish.

 

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Discovery Cove.    Located next to SeaWorld Orlando, Discovery Cove is a reservations only, all-inclusive marine-life theme park that is open year-round to guests. The theme park restricts its attendance to approximately 1,300 guests per day in order to assure a more intimate experience. Discovery Cove provides guests with a full day of activities, including a 30-minute dolphin swim session and the opportunity to snorkel with thousands of tropical fish, wade in a lush lagoon with stingrays, and hand-feed birds in a free flight aviary. We opened new attractions at Discovery Cove in the last two years, The Grand Reef, which includes SeaVenture, an underwater walking tour where guests can get up close to exotic fish and sharks, and Freshwater Oasis, which offers wading adventures and face-to-face encounters with otters and marmosets.

 

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Sesame Place.    Located between Philadelphia and New York City, Sesame Place is the only theme park in America entirely dedicated to Sesame Street’s spirit of imagination. The theme park shares SeaWorld’s “education and learning through entertainment” philosophy and allows parents to rediscover their own childhood. Our rights to the Sesame Street brand in the United States extend through 2021. Despite its small size and seasonal operating schedule, Sesame Place attracts more than one million guests annually due to its strong family appeal. Sesame Place debuted the Neighborhood Street Party Parade and an annual Christmas event in 2011.

 

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Water Country USA.    Virginia’s largest family water play park, Water Country USA, features state-of-the-art water rides and attractions, all set to a 1950s and 1960s surf theme. Water Country USA is the sixth most attended water park in North America and features a 23,000 square-foot wave pool, a science fiction themed interactive children’s play area, kid-sized water

 

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slides, live shows and several other attractions. One of its newest attractions is Vanish Point, a thrilling drop slide, which opened in 2011.

 

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Adventure Island.    Located adjacent to Busch Gardens Tampa, Adventure Island is a 56 acre water park that is filled with water rides, dining and other attractions that incorporate a Key West theme. The theme park is the eighth most attended water park in North America and features a friendly wave pool and children’s water playground that appeal to its core constituency, local families with young children.

Our New Attractions

Our theme parks feature a variety of attractions for our guests, including the following attractions added in 2013 and 2012:

 

  Ÿ  

Antarctica: Empire of the Penguin (SeaWorld Orlando): This new attraction at SeaWorld Orlando blends penguin encounters with a family ride for a one-of-a-kind experience. The attraction features a new and innovative ride component, a penguin habitat that is home to more than 230 penguins, an underwater viewing gallery and new culinary and retail offerings.

 

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Food & Wine Festival (Busch Gardens Williamsburg): The Busch Gardens Williamsburg Food & Wine Festival was introduced in 2013 and provides guests with an opportunity to take a culinary tour of one of the highest quality theme parks in the world. This new seasonal event features sample-sized portions of international foods, wines and other refreshments not usually found at Busch Gardens Williamsburg.

 

  Ÿ  

Madagascar LIVE! Operation: Vacation (Busch Gardens Tampa and SeaWorld San Diego): This original live musical show features singers, dancers and music performed by a live band. Guests can sing, clap and dance along to original songs and party favorites as they join in with the popular characters from the DreamWorks Animation Madagascar franchise.

 

  Ÿ  

Pets Ahoy (SeaWorld San Antonio): The popular Pets Ahoy show from SeaWorld Orlando was introduced at SeaWorld San Antonio in 2013. The comical show features the talents of dogs, cats, birds, rats, pot-belly pigs and other animals performing a series of entertaining skits. Nearly all of the animals featured in the show are rescued from animal shelters.

 

  Ÿ  

Animal Care Center (Busch Gardens Tampa): At our Animal Care Center guests have the opportunity to observe and take part in the animal care experience. From nutrition to x-rays and surgeries, much of the animal care is conducted within guest view in this state-of-the-art animal care facility.

 

  Ÿ  

Aquatica San Antonio (SeaWorld San Antonio): Aquatica San Antonio is a resort style water park opened inside SeaWorld San Antonio and available for an additional fee. It features thrilling water slides, rivers, lagoons, more than 45,000 square feet of beach area, private cabanas and more than 500 stingrays and tropical fish. The water park’s signature attraction, Stingray Falls, takes four-seat rafts down twists and turns to an underwater grotto, where guests view stingrays and tropical fish. In addition, Walhalla Wave, a family raft ride, sends guests to the top of a zero-gravity wall, giving riders the sense of weightlessness.

 

  Ÿ  

Christmas Town (Busch Gardens Tampa): Christmas Town allows guests to experience the Christmas season with a separate admission evening event offering more than a million holiday lights, special entertainment, shopping, dining and seasonal attractions.

 

  Ÿ  

Entwined: Tales of Good and Grimm (Busch Gardens Williamsburg): Entwined is Busch Gardens’ new storytelling show in Das Festhaus, a restaurant and entertainment venue.

 

  Ÿ  

Freshwater Oasis (Discovery Cove): Freshwater Oasis offers wading adventures and face-to-face encounters with otters and marmosets.

 

 

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  Ÿ  

Iceploration (Busch Gardens Tampa): Iceploration is a new ice show set in the 1,100-seat Moroccan Palace Theater. It combines skaters, oversized puppets, atmospheric special effects, original music and animals to tell the story of a young boy and his grandfather exploring the world.

 

  Ÿ  

Just for Kids (SeaWorld Orlando): Just for Kids is an event that provides children with an opportunity to sing, dance and play. Guests experience live shows, kid-sized rides and some of today’s favorite children’s music artists at this popular festival.

 

  Ÿ  

Let’s Play Together (Sesame Place): Let’s Play Together is the newest addition to Sesame Place. Elmo, Cookie Monster, Grover, Rosita, Bert, Ernie and Abby Cadabby play, sing and dance while learning all about the wonderful things that friends do together.

 

  Ÿ  

Manta (SeaWorld San Diego): Manta is an attraction that includes animal habitats featuring bat rays and other marine-life, as well as a launch rollercoaster shaped like a giant manta ray.

 

  Ÿ  

TurtleTrek (SeaWorld Orlando): TurtleTrek is a realistic 3-D, 360 degree movie, providing guests with an opportunity to find out what it is like to “be a turtle” on an epic journey where they encounter hardships and challenges as they try to make it back to their home beach. TurtleTrek also features two large saltwater and freshwater habitats that are home to endangered sea turtles and manatees.

 

  Ÿ  

Verbolten (Busch Gardens Williamsburg): Verbolten is a multi-launch, indoor/outdoor rollercoaster that ends with an 88-foot drop toward the theme park’s Rhine River.

Capital Improvements

We make annual investments to support our existing theme park facilities and attractions, as well as enable the development of new theme park attractions and infrastructure. Maintaining and improving our theme parks, as well as opening new attractions, is critical to remain competitive and increase attendance and our guests’ length of stay.

In 2012, we opened new attractions in seven of our theme parks. On May 24, 2013, we opened one of our biggest new attractions: Antarctica: Empire of the Penguin, a realm within our SeaWorld Orlando park themed to the snowy continent that includes a new attraction with innovative ride technology. Antarctica immerses guests into a penguin habitat. On June 1, 2013, we rebranded and relaunched the Knott’s Soak City Chula Vista water park which we acquired in November 2012, as Aquatica San Diego, after making capital investments to upgrade its facilities.

During 2014 and 2015, we plan to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the SeaWorld brand at all three of our SeaWorld theme parks with a variety of new events, attractions, decors and musical features that celebrate our leadership in the marine-life theme park segment. SeaWorld’s 50th Anniversary Celebration will be highlighted by major new attractions, such as Explorer’s Reef in SeaWorld San Diego, which features an opportunity for our guests to experience hands-on interactions with sea creatures. Beyond the new products and experiences that we will be offering to our guests, we believe that we will be able to capitalize on the strong brand recognition and widespread appeal of our theme parks by raising public awareness of the anniversary celebration across traditional and digital media. Also in 2014, at our Busch Gardens Tampa park, we are scheduled to complete construction on Falcon’s Fury, a 335 foot tall drop tower that will pivot guests 90 degrees into a face down dive position before dropping toward the ground.

 

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Maintenance and Inspection

Maintenance at our theme parks is a key component of guest service and safety and includes two areas of focus: facilities and infrastructure and rides and attractions. Facilities and infrastructure consists of all functions associated with upkeep, repair, preventative maintenance, code compliance, and improvement of theme park infrastructure. This area is staffed with a combination of external contractors/suppliers and our employees.

Rides and attractions maintenance represents all functions dedicated to the inspection, upkeep, repair and testing of guest experiences, particularly rides. Rides and attractions maintenance is also staffed with a combination of external suppliers, inspectors and our employees, who work to assure that ride experiences are operating within the manufacturer’s criteria and that maintenance is conducted according to internal standards, industry best practice and standards (such as ASTM International), state or jurisdictional requirements, as well as the ride designer or manufacturer’s specifications. All ride maintenance personnel are trained to perform their duties according to internal training processes, in addition to recognized industry certification programs for maintenance leadership. Every ride at our theme parks is inspected regularly, according to daily, weekly, monthly, and annual schedules, by both park maintenance experts or external consultants. Additionally, all rides are inspected daily by maintenance personnel before use by guests to ensure proper and safe operation.

All maintenance activities are planned and tracked using a networked enterprise software system, in order to schedule and request work, track completion progress and manage costs of parts and materials.

Our Animals

We are one of the world’s foremost zoological organizations and a global leader in animal welfare, training, husbandry and veterinary care. Our mission is to inspire guests through education and up-close experiences and to care for and protect animals. We believe we have one of the largest animal collections in the world, with approximately 67,000 animals, including 7,000 marine and terrestrial animals and 60,000 fish. Animals in our care include certain rare species such as the cheetah, Bengal tiger, West Indian manatee, black rhinoceros and polar bear.

The well-being of the animals in our care is a top priority. Our zoological staff has been caring for animals for more than five decades, and our expertise is a resource for zoos, aquariums and conservation organizations worldwide. Our expertise and innovation in animal husbandry have led to advances in the care of species in zoological facilities and in the conservation of wild populations.

We operate successful zoological breeding programs that help maintain a large and genetically-diverse animal collection. Those efforts have produced 30 killer whales, 155 dolphins and 130 sea lions, among other species. More than 80% of the marine mammals living in our zoological theme parks were born in human care.

Many of our programs represent pioneering contributions to the zoological community. Until the birth of our first killer whale calf in 1985, no zoological institution had successfully bred killer whales. With 28 killer whales, we care for the largest killer whale population in zoological facilities worldwide and today have the most genetically diverse killer whale and dolphin collection in our history. Six of these killer whales are presently on loan to a third party pursuant to an agreement entered into in February 2004. Pursuant to this agreement, we receive an annual fee, which is not material to our results of operations. In addition to generating incremental revenue for our business, the agreement provides for additional housing capacity for our killer whales. The agreement expires in 2031 and is renewable at the option of the parties.

 

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Our commitment to animals also extends beyond our theme parks and throughout the world. We actively participate in species conservation and rescue efforts as discussed in “—Conservation Efforts” and “—Philanthropy and Community Relations” below.

Our Products and Services

Admission Tickets

We generate most of our revenue from selling admission to our theme parks. For the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, theme park admissions accounted for approximately 62% and 63%, respectively, of our revenue. We work with travel agents, ticket resellers and travel agencies, as well as maintain an online presence to promote advanced sales and provide guest convenience and ease of entry. Approximately 30% of our admission ticket purchases are made online.

Guests who visit our theme parks have the option of purchasing multiple types of admission tickets, from single and multi-day tickets to season, annual and two year passes. We also offer a Fun Card at select theme parks that allows additional visits throughout that calendar year. In addition, visitors can purchase vacation packages with preferred hotels, behind-the-scenes tours, specialty dining packages and front of the line access to enhance their experience.

We also participate in joint programs that are designed to provide visitors to Florida and Southern California with options, flexibility and value in creating their vacation itineraries. For example, we have partnered with several theme parks in Orlando to create the Orlando FlexTicket, which allows guests to purchase a ticket providing access to our theme parks in Orlando and Tampa as well as Universal Studios’ Universal Orlando, Islands of Adventure and Wet ‘n Wild. We also created the 2-Park FlexTicket in conjunction with Universal Studios, which allows guests to purchase a ticket providing access to SeaWorld San Diego and Universal Studios Hollywood. In addition, we partner with independent third parties who sell tickets and/or packages to our theme parks.

We provide discounts, actively run promotions and use dynamic pricing models to adjust to changes in demand during targeted periods to maximize revenue and manage capacity.

Theme Park Operations

Our theme park operations strive to deliver a high level of service, safety and security at our theme parks. Comprised of rides, shows and attractions operations, safety, security, environmental, water park and guest arrival services (including parking, tolls, admissions, guest relations, entry and exit), the theme park operations team manages the planning and execution of the overall theme park experience on a daily basis. In pursuit of continuous improvement at our guest touch points, theme park operations identify and leverage internal best practices across all of our theme parks in order to create a seamless and enjoyable guest experience throughout the entire visit.

Culinary Offerings

We strive to deliver a variety of high quality, creative and memorable culinary experiences to our guests. Our culinary operations are strategically organized into five key guest-oriented disciplines designed to drive in-park per capita spending: restaurants, catering, carts and kiosks, specialty snacks and vending. Our culinary team focuses on providing creative menu offerings that appeal to our diverse guest base.

We offer a variety of dining programs that provide value to our guests while driving incremental revenues. While our menu offerings have broad appeal, they also cater to guests who desire healthy options and those with special allergy-related needs. Our successful all-day-dining program delivers

 

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convenience and value to our guests with numerous restaurant choices for one price. We also offer creative immersive dining experiences that allow guests to dine up-close with our animals and characters. Our commitment to care for the natural world extends to the food that we serve. Some of our menus feature sustainable, organic, seasonal and locally grown ingredients that aim to minimize environmental impacts to animals and their habitats. In addition, through culinary supply chain management initiatives, we are well-positioned to take advantage of changing economic and market conditions.

Merchandise

We offer guests the opportunity to capture memories through our products and services, including through traditional retail shops, game venues and customized photos and videos. We make a focused effort to leverage the emotional connection of the theme park experiences, capitalize on trends and optimize brand alignment with our merchandise product offerings.

We operate more than 200 specialty shops at our theme parks, and our retail business encompasses the entire value chain, from product design to production and sourcing, importing and logistics and visual presentation up to the point of sale. Our products encompass more than 55,000 unique SKUs across five divisions. Whether a plush toy, a stylish apparel item showcasing an attraction, a commemorative memento or a tote to carry it all, we create items both big and small so that every guest has a chance to find that perfect item that is a reminder of the memories made in our theme parks.

Through real time photo and video technologies, guests can purchase visual memories to commemorate their experience with us. Whether on a traditional ride or during one of our numerous animal experiences, we capture the moment through the use of state-of-the-art processes and technologies. We continue to explore and develop our photo and retail business to extend beyond the visit with online opportunities to further create customized products.

In-park games span from traditional theme park operations to arcade experiences, all with the goal of creating positive family experiences for guests of every age.

Our merchandise teams also focus on making a visit to our theme parks easy, convenient and comfortable. This includes offering lockers or service vehicle rentals such as strollers, electric personal carts and wheelchairs.

Licensing and Consumer Products

To capitalize on our popular brands, we have begun to leverage our intellectual property and content through media and consumer strategic licensing arrangements. We extended the reach of our brands through outbound media licensing in areas such as films, television programs and digital e-books, as well as our first-ever multi-platform mobile app game, TurtleTrek, which launched on iTunes in November 2012. We have also expanded into the development of licensed consumer products to drive consumer sales through retail channels beyond our theme parks. Our licensed consumer product offerings currently include toys, books, apparel, and technology accessories, among many other product types. For example, we worked with Mattel to develop our first Barbie I Can Be: SeaWorld Trainer Doll playset, which debuted to the public in 2008. In 2013, our licensees have an aggregate of approximately 250 SKUs with retail distributors worldwide. New product launches in 2013 included direct to retail products, consumer packaged goods, fashion dolls, plush toys, puzzles, board games, digital games and children’s apparel. We believe that by leveraging our brands and our intellectual property through media and consumer products, we will create new revenue streams and enhance the value of our brands through greater consumer awareness and increased consumer loyalty.

 

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In addition, we have expanded our brand appeal through strategic alliances with well-known external brands, including Sesame Street and The Polar Express. Recently, we entered into an exclusive theme park license with Nelvana Enterprises, a division of Corus Entertainment, for the animated character and series Franklin and Friends, which includes in-park character appearances, DVD specials, custom publishing and co-branded merchandise.

Group Events and Conventions

We host a variety of different group events, meetings and conventions at our theme parks both during the day and at night. Our venues offer indoor and outdoor space for meetings, special events, entertainment shows, picnics, teambuilding events, group tours and special group ticket packages. Park buy-outs allow groups to enjoy exclusive itineraries, including meetings and shows, up-close encounters with animals and behind the scenes tours. Each of our theme parks offers attractive venues, such as SeaWorld Orlando’s Ports of Call, a 70,000 square foot dedicated special events complex and banquet facility at the theme park, which is themed as a nautical wharf-side warehouse district, complete with two miniature submarines. The facility offers more than 30,000 square feet of dining space, with a ballroom that provides seating for more than 750 guests and a larger outdoor garden reception area that can accommodate additional guests. Through September 30, 2013, we hosted more than 1,200 group events at our theme parks across the country.

Corporate Sponsorships and Strategic Alliances

We seek to secure long-term corporate sponsorships and strategic alliances with leading companies and brands that share our core values, deliver significant brand marketing value and influence and drive mutual business gains. We identify prospective corporate sponsors based on their industry and industry-leading position among Fortune 1000 companies, and we select them based on their ability to deliver impactful marketing value to our theme parks and our brands, as well as to consumer products and various entertainment platforms. Our current corporate sponsors include, among others, Southwest Airlines, which has been a sponsor for over 20 years, and The Coca-Cola Company. Our corporate sponsors contribute to us in a multitude of ways, such as through direct marketing, advertising, media exposure and licensing opportunities, as well as through the non-for-profit SeaWorld & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund. For example, in 2012, The Coca-Cola Company and Southwest Airlines launched new channel marketing programs and consumer promotions on our behalf with Walmart, Wendy’s, Dunkin Donuts, Regal Cinemas, Cinemark, NASCAR, MyCokeRewards and Southwest Vacations.

Our Corporate Culture

Our corporate culture is built on our mission to deliver personal, interactive and educational experiences that enable our customers to celebrate, connect with and care for the natural world we share. Our management team and our employees are passionate about connecting people to nature and animals and are committed to working in a socially responsible and environmentally sustainable manner. We teach our employees to be welcoming, friendly and attentive and to create an environment that allows our guests to build lasting memories with their family and friends. Our consumer-oriented corporate culture is integral to our organization and the cornerstone of our success.

Conservation Efforts

We contribute to species conservation, wildlife rescue, education and environmental stewardship programs around the world. Through SeaWorld & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund, a non-profit organization, we support wildlife research, habitat protection, animal rescue and conservation education. We also work with and support environmental organizations, including the National Wildlife

 

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Federation, World Wildlife Fund and The Nature Conservancy and contribute funds in support of efforts to ensure the sustainability of animal species in the wild. Some of our animals also serve as ambassadors in helping raise awareness for species in danger through numerous national media and public appearances. Through our theme parks’ up-close animal encounters, educational exhibits and innovative entertainment, we strive to inspire each guest who visits one of our parks to care for and conserve the natural world.

In addition, in collaboration with federal, state and local governments, among others, we operate one of the world’s most respected rescue programs for ill and injured marine animals, with the goal of rehabilitating and returning them to the wild. Over four decades, our animal experts have helped more than 23,000 ill, injured, orphaned and abandoned animals.

Our commitment to research and conservation also has led to advances in the care of animals in both zoological facilities and in conserving wild populations. We have pioneered new ways to rehabilitate animals in need. For example, we helped to create nutritional formulas and custom nursing bottles to hand-feed orphaned animals and developed techniques to help save sea turtles with cracked shells, created prosthetic beaks for injured birds and outfitted injured manatees with an “animal wetsuit” allowing them to stay afloat and warm.

Most recently, we have undertaken major sustainability initiatives in our theme parks. For example, we discontinued the use of plastic bags in all our gift shops in 2013 and are using only paper and reusable bags. In doing so, we keep an estimated four million plastic bags from entering landfills and the environment each year.

Philanthropy and Community Relations

We focus our philanthropic efforts in three areas: children, education, and the environment. We are committed to the communities in which we live, learn, work, and play. We also partner with charities across the country whose values and missions are aligned with our own, including hospitals, organizations that serve children with disabilities and animal shelter and rescue groups. Through long-term strategic support to advance the missions of these groups, financial support, in-kind resources or hands-on volunteer work, service is an active part of the work we do.

Our theme parks inspire and educate children and guests of all ages through the power of entertainment and our philanthropic efforts reflect this commitment. We extend educational outreach visits to inner-city schools, host “special wish” children to enjoy theme park adventures and create Skype visits with our animals for children too ill to travel.

Finally, a key component of our community outreach is our long-term commitment to honoring the service of members of the U.S. military and acknowledging the sacrifices that their families have made. Currently, we offer a free admission program, which provided approximately 740,000 free single day passes to active military personnel and their families for the year ended December 31, 2012 and approximately 600,000 free single day passes to active military personnel and their families for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

Our Guests and Customers

Our theme parks are located near a number of large metropolitan areas, with a total population of over 55 million people located within 150 miles. Additionally, because our theme parks are divided between regional and destination theme parks, our guests are further diversified among a more stable base of local visitors, non-local domestic visitors and international tourists. Our theme parks are entertainment venues and have broad demographic appeal. For the year ended December 31, 2012, families comprised 55% of our attendance with an average party size of 3.7 people and for the nine

 

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months ended September 30, 2013, families comprised 56% of our attendance with an average party size of 3.9 people. In addition to guests of our theme parks, our customers include consumers of our various “out-of-park” product and service offerings.

Seasonality

The theme park industry is seasonal in nature. Based upon historical results, we generate the highest revenues in the second and third quarters of each year, in part because six of our theme parks are only open for a portion of the year. Approximately two-thirds of the Company’s attendance and revenues are generated in the second and third quarters of the year. The percent mix of revenues by quarter is relatively constant each year, but revenues can shift between the first and second quarters due to the timing of Easter and between the first and fourth quarters due to the timing of Christmas and New Year’s. Even for our five theme parks open year-round, attendance patterns have significant seasonality, driven by holidays, school vacations, and weather conditions. One of our goals in managing our business is to continue to generate cash flow throughout the year and minimize the effects of seasonality. In recent years, we have begun to encourage attendance during non-peak times by offering a variety of seasonal programs and events, such as a winter kids festival, spring concert series, and Halloween and Christmas events. In addition, during seasonally slow times, operating costs are controlled by reducing operating hours and show schedules. Employment levels required for peak operations are met largely through part-time and seasonal hiring.

Marketing

Our marketing and sales efforts are focused on generating profitable attendance, in-park per capita spending and building the value of our brands. Through advertising, including local customization, promotions, retail and corporate partners, digital platforms, public relations and sales initiatives, we drive awareness of and intent to visit our theme parks, attendance and higher in-park per capita spending on an international, national and regional level. Our attractive destination locations and strategy of grouping parks together creates high appeal for multi-day visits. Our strategic priorities include: (i) building our brands, (ii) improving guest loyalty, (iii) expanding digital expertise and (iv) broadening appeal (among multi-cultural consumers, kids and domestic markets). With great brands and a diverse team, marketing and sales will play a significant role in driving future growth.

Intellectual Property

Our business is affected by our ability to protect against infringement of our intellectual property, including our trademarks, service marks, domain names, copyrights and other proprietary rights. Important intellectual property includes rights in names, logos, character likenesses, theme park attractions, content of television programs and systems related to the study and care of certain of our animals. In addition, we are party to key license agreements as licensee, including our agreements with Sesame Workshop and ABI as discussed below. To protect our intellectual property rights, we rely upon a combination of trademark, copyright, trade secret and unfair competition laws of the United States and other countries, as well as contract provisions and third-party policies and procedures governing internet/domain name registrations.

Busch Gardens License Agreement

Our subsidiary, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment LLC, is a party to a trademark license agreement with ABI, which governs our use of the Busch Gardens name and logo. Under the license agreement, ABI granted to us a perpetual, exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license to use the Busch Gardens trademark and certain related domain names in connection with the operation, marketing, promotion and advertising of our theme parks, as well as in connection with the production, use, distribution and sale of merchandise sold in connection with such theme parks.

 

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The license extends to our Busch Gardens theme parks located in Williamsburg, Virginia and Tampa, Florida, and may also include any amusement or theme park anywhere in the world that we acquire, build or rebrand with the Busch Gardens name in the future, subject to certain conditions. ABI may not assign, transfer or sell the Busch Gardens mark without first granting us a reasonable right of first refusal to purchase such mark.

We have agreed to indemnify ABI from and against third party claims and losses arising out of or in connection with the operation of the theme parks and the related marketing or promotion thereof, any merchandise branded with the licensed marks and the infringement of a third party’s intellectual property. We are required to carry certain insurance coverage throughout the term of the license.

The license agreement can be terminated by ABI under certain limited circumstances, including in connection with certain types of change of control of SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment LLC.

Sesame Licenses

Sesame Place Theme Park License Agreements

Our subsidiary, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment LLC (f/k/a SPI, Inc.), is a party to a license agreement with Sesame Workshop (f/k/a Children’s Television Workshop). Under the license agreement, we were granted the right to use titles, marks, names, and characters from the Sesame Street and The Electric Company television series, as well as certain characters and elements created by Muppets Inc. for the Sesame Street series, related marketing materials, and the Sesame Place design trademark in connection with the children’s play parks in Langhorne, Pennsylvania. We pay specified royalties based on receipts from business conducted on the premises of the theme park to Sesame Workshop. We are required to include Sesame Workshop and Muppets Inc. as insured parties under any relevant insurance policies, and have agreed to indemnify Sesame Workshop from and against certain claims and expenses arising out of any personal or property injury at our Sesame Place park or breach of the license agreement. The license agreement can be terminated by Sesame Workshop under certain circumstances, including in connection with a specified change of control of SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment LLC, specified uncured breaches of the license agreement or specified bankruptcy events.

Under a separate agreement, Sesame Workshop granted SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment LLC a license to develop, manufacture, and produce in the United States (and, in some circumstances, elsewhere in the world) and to distribute and sell at Sesame Place branded play parks, certain products bearing Sesame Place, Sesame Street, and Sesame Street Muppet characters, likenesses, logos, marks and materials, including apparel, flags, bags, mugs, buttons, pens, wristbands and other miscellaneous products. The parties have agreed to indemnify each other from and against claims and expenses in connection with our respective performance under the license agreement and any breach thereof. Sesame Workshop may terminate the license under certain circumstances, including our uncured breach or bankruptcy.

Both agreements are scheduled to remain in effect until December 31, 2021.

Multi-Park License

Under a separate agreement, Sesame Workshop granted SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment LLC rights to use the Sesame Place and Sesame Workshop names and logos, certain Sesame Street characters (including Elmo, Big Bird and Cookie Monster), and granted a limited term right of first negotiation to utilize characters from other Sesame Workshop television series at SeaWorld San Diego, SeaWorld San Antonio, SeaWorld Orlando, and our two Busch Gardens theme parks. Within these theme parks we have rights to use the marks and characters in connection with Sesame Street

 

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themed attractions, Sesame Street shows and character appearances, and the marketing, advertising and promotion of the theme parks.

Sesame Workshop has also granted us the right to develop, manufacture, distribute and sell products within our SeaWorld and Busch Gardens theme parks, but also other parks in the United States that are owned or operated by SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment LLC, its subsidiaries or affiliates.

Pursuant to this agreement we pay a specified annual license fee, as well as a specified royalty based on revenues earned in connection with sales of licensed products, all food and beverage items utilizing the licensed elements and any events utilizing such elements if a separate fee is paid for such event.

The parties have agreed to indemnify each other from and against third party claims and expenses arising from their respective performance under the agreement or any breach thereof. Sesame Workshop has the right to terminate the agreement under certain limited circumstances, including a change of control of SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment LLC, SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment LLC’s bankruptcy or uncured breach of the agreement, or the termination of the license agreement regarding our Sesame Place theme park.

The agreement is scheduled to remain in effect until December 31, 2021 unless earlier terminated or extended.

Competition

Our theme parks and other product and entertainment offerings compete directly for discretionary spending with other destination and regional theme parks and water and amusement parks and indirectly with other types of recreational facilities and forms of entertainment, including movies, home entertainment options, sports attractions, restaurants and vacation travel. Principal direct competitors of our theme parks include theme parks operated by The Walt Disney Company, Universal Studios, Six Flags, Cedar Fair, Merlin Entertainments and Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company. Our highly differentiated products provide a complementary experience to those offered by fantasy-themed Disney and Universal parks. In addition, we benefit from the significant capital investments made in developing the tourism industry in the Orlando area. The Orlando theme park market is extremely competitive, with a high concentration of theme parks operated by several companies.

Competition is based on multiple factors including location, price, the originality and perceived quality of the rides and attractions, the atmosphere and cleanliness of the theme park, the quality of food and entertainment, weather conditions, ease of travel to the theme park (including direct flights by major airlines), and availability and cost of transportation to a theme park. We believe we compete effectively, and our competitive position is protected, due to our strong brand recognition, extensive animal collection, high historical capital investment and valuable real estate. Additionally, we believe that our theme parks feature a sufficient quality and variety of rides and attractions, educational and interactive experiences, merchandise locations, restaurants and family orientation to make them highly competitive with other destination and regional theme parks, as well as other forms of entertainment.

Employees

As of December 31, 2012, we employed approximately 22,100 employees, approximately 4,400 of whom were employed on a full-time basis. The number of part-time and seasonal employees, many of whom are high school and college students, increases during our peak operating season. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and we consider our employee relations to be good.

 

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Regulatory

Our operations are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws, regulations and ordinances including, but not limited to, those regulating the environmental, display, possession and care of our animals, amusement park rides, building and construction, health and safety, labor and employment, workplace safety, zoning and land use and alcoholic beverage and food service. Key statutes and treaties relating to the display, possession and care of our animal collection include the Endangered Species Act, Marine Mammal Protection Act, Animal Welfare Act, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species and Fauna Protection Act and the Lacey Act. We must also comply with the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, Wild Bird Conservation Act and National Environmental Policy Act, among other laws and regulations. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with applicable laws, regulations and ordinances; however, such requirements may change over time, and there can be no assurance that new requirements, changes in enforcement policies or newly discovered conditions relating to our properties or operations will not require significant expenditures in the future.

Insurance

We maintain insurance of the type and in the amounts that we believe to be commercially reasonable for businesses in our industry. We maintain primary and excess casualty coverage of up to $100 million. As part of this coverage, we retain deductible/self-insured retention exposures of $1 million per occurrence for general liability claims, $250,000 per occurrence for property claims, $250,000 per accident for automobile liability claims, and $750,000 per occurrence for workers compensation claims. We maintain employers’ liability and all coverage required by law in the states in which we operate. Defense costs are included in the insurance coverage we obtain against losses in these areas. Based upon our historical experience of reported claims and an estimate for incurred-but-not-reported claims, we accrue a liability for our deductible/self-insured retention contingencies regarding general liability, automobile liability and workers compensation exposures. We maintain additional forms of special casualty coverage appropriate for businesses in our industry. We also maintain commercial property coverage against fire, natural perils, so-called “extended coverage” perils such as civil commotion, business interruption and terrorism exposures for protection of our real and personal properties (other than land). We generally renegotiate our insurance policies on an annual basis. We cannot predict the amounts of premium cost that we may be required to pay for future insurance coverage, the level of any deductibles/self-insured retentions we may retain applicable thereto, the level of aggregate excess coverage available or the availability of coverage for special or specific risks.

 

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Properties

The following table summarizes our principal properties, which includes undeveloped land.

 

Location

  

Size

 

Use

Orlando, FL

   76,360 sq ft   Leased Office Space (corporate headquarters)

Orlando, FL

   9,636 sq ft   Leased Office Space (call center)

San Diego, CA

   190 acres(1)   Leased Land

Chula Vista, CA

   66 acres   Owned Water Park

Orlando, FL

   279 acres   Owned Theme Park

Orlando, FL

   58 acres   Owned All-inclusive Interactive Park

Orlando, FL

   81 acres   Owned Water Park

Tampa, FL

   56 acres   Owned Water Park

Tampa, FL

   306 acres   Owned Theme Park

Dade City, FL

   109 acres   Owned Breeding Farm

Langhorne, PA

   55 acres   Owned Theme Park

San Antonio, TX

   416 acres   Owned Theme Park

Williamsburg, VA

   222 acres   Owned Water Park

Williamsburg, VA

   422 acres   Owned Theme Park

Williamsburg, VA

   5 acres   Owned Warehouse Space

Williamsburg, VA

   5 acres   Owned Seasonal Worker Lodging

 

(1) Includes approximately 17 acres of water in Mission Bay Park, California.

Our Senior Secured Credit Facilities are collateralized by first priority or equivalent security interests in, among other things, certain tangible and intangible assets, including our fee-owned properties. See “Description of Indebtedness—Senior Secured Credit Facilities.”

Lease Agreement with City of San Diego

Our subsidiary, Sea World LLC (f/k/a Sea World Inc.), leases approximately 190 acres from the City of San Diego, including approximately 17 acres of water in Mission Bay Park, California (the “Premises”). The current lease term commenced on July 1, 1998 and extends for 50 years or the maximum period allowed by law. Under the lease, the Premises must be used as a marine park facility and related uses. In addition, we may not operate another marine park facility within a radius of 560 miles from the City of San Diego.

The annual rent under the lease is calculated on the basis of a specified percentage of Sea World LLC’s gross income from the Premises, or the minimum yearly rent, whichever