10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

x Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

¨ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-35853 

BIOSTAGE, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware	45-5210462
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

84 October Hill Road, Suite 11, Holliston, MA	01746
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

(774) 233-7300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.          x   YES         ¨   NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).           x   YES         ¨   NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer    ¨	Accelerated filer   ¨
Non-accelerated filer    x	Smaller reporting company    x
	Emerging growth company     x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨   YES     x     NO

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered

As of May 10, 2019, there were 6,672,223 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding

Biostage Inc.

Form 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2019

INDEX

		Page
PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	6
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	20
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	20
PART II-OTHER INFORMATION		21
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	21
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	21
Item 6.	Exhibits	22
SIGNATURES		23

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

BIOSTAGE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value and share data)

	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	$	1,065		$	1,305
Restricted cash		50			50
Grant receivable		114			176
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		499			623
Total current assets		1,728			2,154
Property, plant and equipment, net		466			479
Right-of-use assets		143			-
Total non-current assets		609			479
Total assets	$	2,337		$	2,633
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	311		$	160
Accrued and other current liabilities		441			404
Warrant liability		105			98
Current portion of operating lease liability		99			-
Total current liabilities		956			662
Operating lease liability, net of current portion		44			-
Total liabilities	$	1,000		$	662
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders’ equity:
Undesignated preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 984,000 shares authorized and none issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	$	-		$	-
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 120,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018; 6,169,645 and 5,669,645 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		62			57
Additional paid-in capital		58,965			57,677
Accumulated deficit		(57,690	)		(55,763	)
Total stockholders’ equity		1,337			1,971
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,337		$	2,633

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

 
BIOSTAGE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Revenues	$	-		$	-
Operating expenses:
Research and development		1,034			552
Selling, general and administrative		1,000			928
Total operating expenses		2,034			1,480
Operating loss		(2,034	)		(1,480	)
Other income (expense):
Grant income		114			59
Change in fair value of warrant liability		(7	)		(124	)
Total other income (expense), net		107			(65	)
Net loss	$	(1,927	)	$	(1,545	)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.32	)	$	(0.56	)
Weighted-average common shares, basic and diluted		6,003			2,751

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

BIOSTAGE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
CASH FLOWS USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	(1,927	)	$	(1,545	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Share-based compensation expense		293			75
Depreciation		61			63
Amortization of right-of-use assets		23			-
Change in fair value of warrant liability		7			124
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Grant receivable		62			(59	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		124			(67	)
Accounts payable		127			(698	)
Accrued and other current liabilities		37			47
Lease liabilities		(23	)		-
Net cash used in operating activities		(1,216	)		(2,060	)
CASH FLOWS USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Additions to property and equipment		(24	)		(3	)
Cash received from sale of property, plant and equipment		-			49
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(24	)		46
CASH FLOWS USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Return of related party advance		-			(300	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants, net of offering costs		-			1,095
Proceeds from exercise of warrants		1,000			-
Net cash provided by financing activities		1,000			795
Net decrease in cash and restricted cash		(240	)		(1,219	)
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of period		1,355			4,038
Cash and restricted cash at end of period	$	1,115		$	2,819
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Equipment purchases included in accounts payable	$	24		$	14

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

BIOSTAGE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Number of Common Shares Outstanding		Common Stock		Number of Series D Convertible Preferred Shares		Series D Convertible Preferred Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018		5,670	$	57		-	$	-	$	57,677	$	(55,763	)	$	1,971
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		(1,927	)		(1,927	)
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		293		-			293
Issuance of common stock from exercise of warrants		500		5		-		-		995		-			1,000
Balance at March 31, 2019		6,170	$	62		-	$	-	$	58,965	$	(57,690	)	$	1,337

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	Number of Common Shares Outstanding		Common Stock		Number of Series D Convertible Preferred Shares		Series D Convertible Preferred Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017		2,507	$	25		3	$	1,475	$	50,157	$	(48,234	)	$	3,423
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		(1,545	)		(1,545	)
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		75		-			75
Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs		352		4		-		-		1,040		-			1,044
Issuance of warrants to purchase common stock in connection with issuance of common stock above		-		-		-		-		51		-			51
Balance at March 31, 2018		2,859	$	29		3	$	1,475	$	51,323	$	(49,779	)	$	3,048

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6

 
BIOSTAGE, INC.

 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.  Overview and Basis of Presentation

Overview

Biostage, Inc. (Biostage or the Company) is a biotechnology company developing bioengineered organ implants based on the Company’s novel Cellframe^TM technology. The Company’s Cellframe technology is comprised of a biocompatible scaffold that is seeded with the recipient’s own stem cells. The Company believes that this technology may prove to be effective for treating patients across a number of life-threatening medical indications who currently have unmet medical needs. The Company is currently developing its Cellframe technology to treat life-threatening conditions of the esophagus, bronchus and trachea with the objective of dramatically improving the treatment paradigm for those patients. Since inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to business planning, research and development, recruiting management and technical staff, and acquiring operating assets. The Company has one business segment and does not have significant costs or assets outside the United States.

On October 31, 2013, Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (Harvard Bioscience) contributed its regenerative medicine business assets, plus $15 million of cash, into Biostage, Inc. (formerly “Harvard Apparatus Regenerative Technologies” at time of spin-off.) On November 1, 2013, the spin-off of the Company from Harvard Bioscience was completed. On that date, the Company became an independent company that operates the regenerative medicine business previously owned by Harvard Bioscience. The spin-off was completed through the distribution of all the shares of common stock of Biostage to stockholders of Harvard Bioscience (the “HBIO Distribution”).

The Company’s common stock is currently traded on the OTCQB Venture Market under the symbol “BSTG”.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements reflect the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP).

Going Concern

The Company has incurred substantial operating losses since its inception, and as of March 31, 2019 has an accumulated deficit of approximately $57.7 million and will require additional financing to fund future operations. The Company expects that its cash at March 31, 2019 of $1.1 million will enable it to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second quarter of 2019. Therefore, these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company will need to raise additional funds to fund its operations. In the event the Company does not raise additional capital from outside sources in the near future, it may be forced to curtail or cease its operations. Cash requirements and cash resource needs will vary significantly depending upon the timing of the financial and other resource needs that will be required to complete ongoing development, pre-clinical and clinical testing of products, as well as regulatory efforts and collaborative arrangements necessary for the Company’s products that are currently under development. The Company will seek to raise necessary funds through a combination of public or private equity offerings, debt financings, other financing mechanisms, research grants, or strategic collaborations and licensing arrangements. The Company may not be able to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, if at all.

The Company’s operations will be adversely affected if it is unable to raise or obtain needed funding and such circumstance may materially affect the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and therefore, the consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amount and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and, if dilutive, the weighted average number of potential shares of common stock, including the assumed exercise of stock options, warrants, and the impact of unvested restricted stock.

The Company applies the two-class method to calculate basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as its warrants to purchase common stock are participating securities.

7

The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats a participating security as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to common stockholders. However, the two-class method does not impact the net loss per share of common stock as the Company has been in a net loss position and the warrant holders do not participate in losses.

Basic and diluted shares outstanding are the same for each period presented as all common stock equivalents would be antidilutive due to the net losses incurred. 

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying interim consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 and consolidated interim statements of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are unaudited. The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP on the same basis as the annual audited financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2019 and its results of operations and cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The financial data and other information disclosed in these notes related to the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are unaudited. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019, any other interim periods or any future year or period.

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accounting policies underlying the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are those set forth in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

SBIR Award

On March 28, 2018, the Company was awarded a Fast-Track Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant by the Eunice Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to support testing of pediatric Cellspan™ Esophageal Implants. The award for Phase I, which was earned over the nine months ended September 30, 2018, provided for the reimbursement for up to $225,000 of qualified research and development costs. 

On October 26, 2018, the Company was awarded Phase II of the SBIR grant for $1.1 million to support development, testing, and translation to the clinic through September 2019. The Phase II grant includes an additional $0.5 million for future period support through September 2020, subject to availability of funding and satisfactory progress on the project. Accordingly, the SBIR grant has the potential to provide a total award of $1.8 million.

Grant income is recognized when qualified research and development costs are incurred and recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. When evaluating grant revenue from the SBIR grant, the Company considered accounting requirements under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers. The Company concluded that ASC 606 did not apply as there is no exchange of goods or services or an exchange of intellectual property between the parties and therefore presents grant income in other income. The Company recognized $114,000 of grant income from the Phase II award during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $59,000 of grant income from the Phase I award during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of $50,000 held as collateral for the Company’s credit card program as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company’s statements of cash flows include restricted cash with cash when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on such statements.

A reconciliation of the cash and restricted cash reported within the balance sheet that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the statement of cash flows is as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Cash	$	1,065	$	1,305
Restricted cash		50		50
Total cash and restricted cash as shown on the statements of cash flows	$	1,115	$	1,355

8

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2018-07). The new standard simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees by aligning it with the accounting for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 as required on January 1, 2019, and its adoption did not have any material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, Derivatives and Hedging (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception (ASU 2017-11). This guidance is intended to reduce the complexity associated with accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Specifically, a down round feature would no longer cause a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or an embedded conversion option) to be considered “not indexed to an entity’s own stock” and therefore accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current earnings. Down round features are most often found in warrants and conversion options embedded in debt or preferred equity instruments. In addition, the guidance re-characterized the indefinite deferral of certain provisions on distinguishing liabilities from equity to a scope exception with no accounting effect. The Company adopted ASU 2017-11 as of the required effective date of January 1, 2019, and the adoption of ASU 2017-11 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), a new standard issued to increase transparency and comparability among organizations related to their leasing activities. This standard established a right-of-use model that requires all lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on their balance sheet that arise from leases as well as provide disclosures with respect to certain qualitative and quantitative information related to a company's leasing arrangements to meet the objective of allowing users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.

The FASB subsequently issued the following amendments to ASU 2016-02 that have the same effective date and transition date: ASU 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, ASU 2018-20, Narrow-Scope Improvement for Lessors, and ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements. The Company adopted these amendments with ASU 2016-02 (collectively, the new leasing standards) effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition approach with no restatement of prior periods or cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit. Upon adoption, the Company elected the package of transition practical expedients, which allowed the Company to carry forward prior conclusions related to whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and initial direct costs for existing leases. The Company also elected the practical expedient to not reassess certain land easements and made an accounting policy election to not recognize leases with an initial term of 12 months or less within its consolidated balance sheets and to recognize those lease payments on a straight-line basis in its consolidated statements of operations over the lease term.

Upon adoption of the new leasing standards the Company recognized a right-of-use asset of approximately $0.2 million and a corresponding operating lease liability of approximately $0.2 million, which are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The adoption of the new leasing standards did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at contract inception. Operating lease assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based upon the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When determining the lease term, the Company includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable and uses its incremental borrowing rate when the implicit rate is not readily determinable based upon the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. Since the Company does not have similar term secured borrowing arrangements as its lease arrangements and, therefore, its incremental borrowing rate is not readily determinable, the Company has used an incremental borrowing rate based on the lowest grade of debt available in the marketplace for the same term as the associated lease.

The lease payments used to determine the Company’s operating lease assets may include lease incentives, stated rent increases and escalation clauses linked to rates of inflation when determinable and are recognized in the Company’s right-of-use assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets

The Company’s operating leases are reflected in right to use assets, current portion of operating lease liability and operating lease liability, net of current portion, in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

For additional information on the adoption of the new leasing standards, see Note 7, Leases, to the consolidated financial statements.

9

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirement for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU removes, modifies and adds certain disclosure requirements of ASC Topic 820. The ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 31, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard may have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption. 

3.  Capital Stock

On January 3, 2018, the Company issued 50,000 shares of our common stock to Connecticut Children’s Medical Center (Connecticut Children’s) at $2.00 per share and warrants to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share, in exchange for aggregate gross proceeds of $100,000 in a private placement transaction of unregistered shares. The warrants were immediately exercisable and expire in January 2023. The Company has allocated $51,000 of consideration to the warrants using the relative fair-value method and included such amount in additional paid-in capital. The Company classified these warrants as permanent equity versus liability warrants as the warrants do not have any redemption features nor a right to put for cash that is outside the control of the Company. Connecticut Children’s Chief Executive Officer, James Shmerling, is a member of the Company’s Board of Directors as well as the Board of Directors of Connecticut Children’s.

On February 20, 2018, the Company issued 302,115 shares of common stock to an investor at a purchase price of $3.31 per share for aggregate gross and net proceeds of approximately $1.0 million in an unregistered private placement transaction.

On May 23, 2018, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of common stock to two new investors at a purchase price of $3.60 per share for aggregate gross and net proceeds of approximately $3.6 million and $3.4 million, respectively, in an unregistered private placement. Following the issuance of these shares, the holders of Series D preferred stock exercised their right to convert all of the 3,108 outstanding shares of Series D preferred stock into 1.554 million shares of common stock as provided for under the Series D preferred stock agreement.

On June 29, 2018, the Company issued 250,000 shares of common stock to an investor at a purchase price of $3.60 per share for aggregate gross and net proceeds of approximately $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively, in an unregistered private placement transaction.

On January 31, 2019, the Company issued 500,000 shares of its common stock to an investor in connection with the exercise of a portion of the warrants issued on December 27, 2017. Such warrants were exercised in exchange for the payment to the Company of the aggregate cash exercise price of $1.0 million.

4. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

The Company utilizes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs to the valuations used to measure fair value that prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company had no assets or liabilities classified as Level 2 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company’s restricted cash that serves as collateral for the Company’s credit card program is held in a demand money market account and is measured at fair value based on quoted prices, which are Level 1 inputs. The Company classifies warrants to purchase common stock that are accounted for as liabilities as discussed below as Level 3 liabilities.

10

The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019:

	Fair Value Measurement as of March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Restricted cash	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50
Total	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50
Liabilities:
Warrant liability	$	-	$	-	$	105	$	105
Total	$	-	$	-	$	105	$	105

The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018:

	Fair Value Measurement as of December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Restricted cash	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50
Total	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50
Liabilities:
Warrant liability	$	-	$	-	$	98	$	98
Total	$	-	$	-	$	98	$	98

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

	Warrant Liability
	(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	98
Change in fair value upon re-measurement		7
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	105

There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 in any of the periods reported.

The Company has re-measured the warrant liability to estimated fair value at inception, prior to modification and at each reporting date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Risk-free interest rate		2.49	%		2.46	%
Expected volatility		118.3	%		121.9	%
Expected term (in years)		2.9			3.1
Expected dividend yield		-			-
Exercise price	$	8.00		$	8.00
Market value of common stock	$	2.35		$	2.06
Warrants to purchase shares of common stock		92,212			92,212

5.  Share-Based Compensation

Biostage 2013 Equity Incentive Plan

The Company maintains the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the Plan) for the benefit of certain of its officers, employees, non-employee directors, and other key persons (including consultants and advisory board members). All options and awards granted under the Plan consist of the Company’s shares of common stock. In May 2018, the Company’s shareholders approved the increase of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance pursuant to the Plan by 1,600,000 shares, which increased the total shares authorized to be issued under the Plan to 2,098,000.

11

The Company also issued equity awards under the Plan at the time of the HBIO Distribution to all holders of Harvard Bioscience equity awards as part of an adjustment (the Adjustment Awards) to prevent a loss of value due to the HBIO Distribution. Compensation expense recognized under the Plan relates to service provided by employees, board members and a non-employee of the Company. There was no required compensation associated with the Adjustment Awards to employees who remained at Harvard Bioscience. As of December 31, 2018 and since there was no unrecognized compensation costs as all the Adjustment Awards have fully vested.

The Company has granted options to purchase common stock and restricted stock units (RSUs) under the Plan. Stock option and restricted stock unit activity during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was as follows:

	Stock Options					Restricted Stock Units
	Amount			Weighted – average exercise price		Amount			Weighted – average grant date fair value
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		1,577,983		$	6.58		7,735		$	7.68
Granted		7,500			2.48		-			-
Vested (RSUs)		-			-		(2,578	)		7.68
Canceled		(19	)		100.47		-			-
Outstanding at March 31, 2019		1,585,464		$	6.55		5,157		$	7.68

The underlying common shares for the 2,578 vested RSUs were unissued as of March 31, 2019.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value its stock options. The weighted average assumptions for valuing options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 were as follows: 

Expected volatility	117.4	%
Expected dividends	n/a
Expected term	5.75 years
Risk-free rate	2.55	%

The Company’s outstanding stock options include 583,921 performance-based awards as of March 31, 2019 that have vesting provisions subject to the achievement of certain business milestones. Total compensation expense for performance-based awards is approximately $1.6 million. No expense has been recognized as of March 31, 2019 for such awards given that the milestone achievements have not yet been deemed probable for accounting purposes.

The Company recorded share-based compensation expense in the following expense categories of its consolidated statements of operations: 

	Three Months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Research and development	$	72	$	9
General and administrative		221		66
Total share-based compensation	$	293	$	75

12

6.  Commitments and Contingencies

First Pecos Breach Notice

In June, 2017, the Company entered into a binding Memorandum of Understanding with First Pecos, LLC (First Pecos), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to First Pecos in a private placement 485,000 shares of its common stock on a post-reverse split basis at a purchase price of $6.30 per share or, to the extent First Pecos, following the transaction, would own more than 19.9% of the Company’s common stock, shares of a new class of preferred stock of the Company with a per-share purchase price of $1,000.

In October 2017, as a result of the First Pecos failure to deliver the Purchase Price to the Company following satisfaction of all closing conditions in the Purchase Agreement, the Company delivered a notice to First Pecos and its manager, Leon “Chip” Greenblatt III, stating that First Pecos was in breach of the Purchase Agreement. None of the shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock or warrants were issued to First Pecos. Also in October 2017, First Pecos delivered a notice to the Company stating that, as a result of alleged breaches by the Company of its obligations pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, First Pecos terminated the Purchase Agreement and demanded that the Company pay a $500,000 termination fee pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement.

The Company believes that it was not in breach of the Purchase Agreement at any time, and that the First Pecos notice was unjustified and without any legal merit or factual basis. Accordingly, the Company believes that First Pecos was not entitled to terminate the Purchase Agreement, and was not entitled to any termination fee thereunder, as the failure to consummate the Pecos Placement resulted from the First Pecos breach of the Purchase Agreement. The Company has not accrued for this liability as the Company believes the claim to be without merit.

Other

On April 14, 2017, representatives for the estate of a deceased individual filed a civil lawsuit in the Suffolk Superior Court, in Boston, Massachusetts, against the Company and Harvard Bioscience. The complaint alleges that the decedent’s injury and death were caused by two tracheal implants that incorporated synthetic trachea scaffolds and a biologic component combined by the implanting surgeon with a bioreactor, and surgically implanted in the decedent in two surgeries performed in 2012 and 2013. The civil complaint seeks a non-specific sum of money to compensate the plaintiffs. This civil lawsuit relates to the Company’s first-generation trachea scaffold technology for which the Company discontinued development in 2014, and not to the Company’s current Cellframe technology nor to its lead development product candidate, the Cellspan Esophageal Implant. The Company intends to vigorously defend this case. While the Company believes that such claim lacks merit, the Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of such litigation. In accordance with a separation and distribution agreement between Harvard Bioscience and the Company relating to the spin-off, the Company would be required to indemnify Harvard Bioscience against losses that Harvard Bioscience may suffer as a result of this litigation. The Company has been informed by its insurance provider that the case has been accepted as an insurable claim under the Company’s product liability insurance policy. The Company has not accrued for a potential liability as it is not considered probable at this time.

From time to time, the Company may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Other than the above matter, there are no such matters pending that the Company expects to be material in relation to its business, financial condition, and results of operations or cash flows.

7. Leases

The Company leases laboratory and office space, and certain equipment. The Company leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 1 year to 4 years. The facility sublease with Harvard Bioscience currently runs through May 31, 2020 and automatically extends annually unless the Company or Harvard Bioscience provides a notice of termination within one hundred and eighty days prior to May 31 of each year. The equipment lease, which has a lease term thru April 2023, includes the purchase or return of the equipment, or continuation of the lease at 180-day intervals at the end of the lease, at the Company’s sole discretion.

13

All of the Company’s leases qualify as operating leases. The following table summarizes the presentation in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets of its operating leases:

(In thousands)	Balance sheet location	As of March 31, 2019
Assets:
Operating lease assets	Right-of-use asset	$	143
Liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities	Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	99
Non-current operating lease liabilities	Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		44
Total operating lease liabilities		$	143

The following table summarizes the effect of lease costs in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income:

(In thousands)	Income Statement Location	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	Research and development	$	18
	Selling, general and administrative		10
		$	28

The minimum lease payments for the next five years and thereafter is expected to be as follows:

(In thousands)	As of March 31, 2019
2019 (remaining nine months)	$	84
2020		53
2021		11
2022		11
2023		4
Thereafter		0
Total lease payments	$	163
Less: interest		20
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	143

The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate of the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

	As of March 31, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term in years		2.0
Weighted average discount rate		13.55	%

14

8. Related Party Transactions

Relationship with Harvard Bioscience

On November 1, 2013, Harvard Bioscience completed the HBIO Distribution. At the time of the HBIO Distribution, the Company entered into a 10-year product distribution agreement with Harvard Bioscience under which each company became the exclusive distributor for the other party for products such other party develops for sale in the markets served by the other. In addition, Harvard Bioscience agreed that except for certain existing activities of its German subsidiary, to the extent that any Harvard Bioscience business desires to resell or distribute any bioreactor that is then manufactured by the Company, the Company would be the exclusive manufacturer of such bioreactors and Harvard Bioscience would purchase such bioreactors from the Company.

On November 3, 2017, in exchange for settlement of approximately $0.1 million of outstanding rent and operating expenses due to Harvard Bioscience, Biostage sold all of its current stock of research bioreactor parts, a royalty free perpetual sublicensable and transferable right and license to use the intellectual property, including but not limited to certain patents covering research bioreactors, and relinquished exclusive manufacturing or distribution rights with respect to research bioreactors to Harvard Bioscience. The Company had ceased the manufacture of research bioreactors in late 2016, to concentrate its efforts solely on development of its clinical product candidates. This settlement only covers research bioreactors, not to be used for clinical purposes. The Company retains full exclusive rights to all assets and rights associated with the clinical bioreactor used in the development of the Company’s current Cellframe technology.

Due to Related Party

In connection with the Company’s private placement transaction in December 2017, an investor placed a deposit in the amount of $0.3 million with the Company, which was subsequently repaid in January 2018.

9. Net Loss Per Share

The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Unvested restricted common stock units		5,517		7,735
Warrants to purchase common stock		3,678,647		4,178,647
Options to purchase common stock		1,585,464		156,968
Series D convertible preferred stock		-		1,554,000
Total		5,269,268		5,897,350

10. Income Taxes

The Company did not provide for any income taxes in its statement of operations for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company has provided a valuation allowance for the full amount of its net deferred tax assets because, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, it was more likely than not that any future benefit from deductible temporary differences and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards would not be realized.

The Company has not recorded any amounts for unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company had no accrued interest or tax penalties recorded related to income taxes. The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax and Massachusetts state income tax. The statute of limitations for assessment by the IRS and state tax authorities is open for all periods from inception through December 31, 2018; currently, no federal or state income tax returns are under examination by the respective taxing authorities.

Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are subject to review and possible adjustment by the IRS and state tax authorities. Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may become subject to an annual limitation in the event of certain cumulative changes in the ownership interest of significant shareholders over a three-year period in excess of 50 percent, as defined under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, respectively, as well as similar state provisions. This could limit the amount of tax attributes that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income or tax liabilities. The amount of the annual limitation is determined based on the value of the Company immediately prior to the ownership change. Subsequent ownership changes may further affect the limitation in future years. The Company has recently completed several equity financing transactions which have either individually or cumulatively resulted in a change in control as defined by Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, or could result in a change in control in the future. The Company does not believe the impact of any limitation on the use of its net operating loss or credit carryforwards will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the Company has a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty regarding future taxable income for the foreseeable future.

For all periods through March 31, 2019, the Company generated research credits but has not conducted a study to document the qualified activities. This study may result in an adjustment to the Company’s research and development credit carryforwards; however, until a study is completed and any adjustment is known, no amounts are being presented as an uncertain tax position. A full valuation allowance has been provided against the Company’s research and development credits and, if an adjustment is required, this adjustment would be offset by an adjustment to the deferred tax asset established for the research and development credit carryforwards and the valuation allowance.

11. Subsequent Events

On April 24, 2019 and May 3, 2019, the Company issued a total of 500,000 shares of its common stock to an investor in connection with the exercise of a total of 500,000 warrants, which were previously issued on December 27, 2017, at $2.00 per share for gross proceeds in the amount of $1.0 million.

15

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that are not statements of historical fact and are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The forward-looking statements are principally, but not exclusively, contained in “Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about management’s confidence or expectations, and our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “goals,” “sees,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “intends,” “think,” “potential,” “objectives,” “optimistic,” “strategy,” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include the success of our collaborations, clinical trials and pre-clinical development efforts and programs, which success may not be achieved on a timely basis or at all; our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval for our implant products, bioreactors, scaffolds and other devices we pursue, including for the esophagus or airway, which approvals may not be obtained on a timely basis or at all; our ability to access debt and equity markets and raise additional funds when needed; the number of patients who can be treated with our products; the amount and timing of costs associated with our development of implant products, bioreactors, scaffolds and other devices; our failure to comply with regulations and any changes in regulations; unpredictable difficulties or delays in the development of new technology; our collaborators or other third parties we contract with, including with respect to conducting any clinical trial or pre-clinical development efforts, not devoting sufficient time and resources to successfully carry out their duties or meet expected deadlines; our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel and key employees and retain senior management; potential liability exposure with respect to our products; the availability and price of acceptable raw materials and components from third-party suppliers; difficulties in obtaining or retaining the management and other human resource competencies that we need to achieve our business objectives; increased competition in the field of regenerative medicine and the financial resources of our competitors; our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our device and product candidates; our inability to implement our growth strategy; the control our principal stockholders can exert based on holding a majority of voting power; plus factors described under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 29, 2019 or described in our other public filings. Our results may also be affected by factors of which we are not currently aware. We may not update these forward-looking statements, even though our situation may change in the future, unless we have obligations under the federal securities laws to update and disclose material developments related to previously disclosed information.

Overview

We are a biotechnology company developing bioengineered organ implants based on our novel Cellframe^TM technology. Our Cellframe technology is comprised of a biocompatible scaffold that is seeded with the recipient’s own stem cells. This technology is being developed to treat life-threatening conditions of the esophagus, trachea and bronchus with the objective of dramatically improving the treatment paradigm for those patients.

We believe that our Cellframe technology will provide surgeons with new ways to address damage to the esophagus, bronchus, and trachea due to congenital abnormalities, trauma, infection or cancer. Products being developed based on our Cellframe technology for those indications are called Cellspan^TM products.

The Cellspan Esophageal Implant (CEI) product candidates are our lead development product candidates. We are pursuing two development programs that address conditions of the esophagus: esophageal atresia (EA) in pediatric patients and esophageal disease in adult patients. Our Cellspan esophageal product candidates are each intended to provide a surgical solution to stimulate regeneration of a segment of the esophagus missing due to a congenital abnormality or following surgical removal to establish or reestablish the organ’s continuity and integrity.

16

We believe that a pediatric CEI may provide pediatric surgeons with a better procedure to treat EA that would result in a connected esophagus with higher success rates, lower complications and lower overall costs to the healthcare system. Approximately one in 4,000 babies in the U.S. is born with EA, a congenital condition where the child’s esophagus is underdeveloped and does not extend completely from the mouth to the stomach. When a long segment of the esophagus is lacking, the current standard of care is a series of surgical procedures where surgical sutures are applied to both ends of the esophagus in an attempt to stretch them together so they can be connected at a later date. This process can take weeks and the procedure can result in serious complications and may carry high rates of failure. Such approach also requires, in time, at least two separate surgical interventions. In addition to the current standard of care being complex, it is also an expensive procedure because the baby will normally be in the hospital for several months during the process. Other current options include the use of the child’s stomach that would be pulled up, or a piece of the patient’s intestine that would be moved to the gap, to allow a connection to the mouth. We are working to develop a CEI product candidate to address children’s EA, to provide a simpler, more effective and potentially organ-sparing solution.

A portion of all patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer are treated via a surgical procedure known as an esophagectomy. The current standard of care for an esophagectomy requires a complex surgical procedure that involves moving the patient’s stomach or a portion of their colon into the chest to replace the portion of esophagus resected by the removal of the tumor. These current procedures have high rates of complications, and can lead to a severely diminished quality of life and require costly ongoing care. Our CEIs aim to simplify the procedure, reduce complications, result in a better quality of life and reduce the overall cost of these patients to the healthcare system.

We believe that, of our two current programs, the CEI program to treat pediatric EA may provide a shorter time to a commercial product and the greater overall potential value in the U.S. market. In addition to providing a novel solution for a great medical need, approval of our pediatric EA product candidate may result in receipt of a priority review voucher, which if achieved, could potentially provide significant value in the future. We have continued to advance the CEI adult program and we will be in a position to file an Investigational New Drug Application (an IND) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the FDA) for that product first, as the data set for that application will be completed first. We plan to file an IND with the FDA for the adult esophageal disease product candidate in the third quarter of 2019. We are now completing the remaining preclinical studies for the EA product candidate and expect to file an IND for that product candidate in early 2020.

Our products are currently in development and have not yet received regulatory approval for sale anywhere in the world.

We continue to pursue both of our esophageal programs and we anticipate our 2019 cash burn needs to be in line with our 2018 burn as we continue towards the goal of filing an IND for the adult esophageal disease product candidate in the third quarter of 2019.

We will need to raise additional funds to fund our operations. In the event we do not raise additional capital from outside sources in the near future, we may be forced to curtail or cease our operations. Cash requirements and cash resource needs will vary significantly depending upon the timing of the financial and other resource needs that will be required to complete ongoing development, pre-clinical and clinical testing of products, as well as regulatory efforts and collaborative arrangements necessary for our products that are currently under development. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, if at all. Our operations will be adversely affected if we are unable to raise or obtain needed funding and such circumstance may materially affect our ability to continue as a going concern. 

Capital Transactions

During 2018 we completed the following private placements:

· On January 3, 2018, we issued 50,000 shares of our common stock at $2.00 per share and warrants to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share, in exchange for aggregate gross proceeds of $100,000 in an unregistered private placement with Connecticut Children’s Medical Center (Connecticut Children’s). The warrants were immediately exercisable and expire in January 2023. Connecticut Children’s Chief Executive Officer, James Shmerling, is a member of our Board of Directors as well as the Board of Directors of Connecticut Children’s.

· On February 20, 2018, we completed a private placement of 302,115 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $3.31 per share for gross and net proceeds of $1.0 million.

· On May 23, 2018, we issued 1,000,000 shares of common stock to two new investors at a purchase price of $3.60 per share for aggregate gross and net proceeds of approximately $3.6 million and $3.4 million, respectively, in an unregistered private placement transaction. Following the issuance of these shares, the holders of Series D preferred stock exercised their right to convert all of the 3,108 shares outstanding of Series D preferred stock into 1.554 million shares of common stock as provided for under the Series D preferred stock agreement.

17

· On June 29, 2018, we issued 250,000 shares of common stock to an investor at a purchase price of $3.60 per share for aggregate gross and net proceeds of approximately $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively, in an unregistered private placement transaction.

During 2019 we had the following capital transactions:

· On January 31, 2019, we issued 500,000 shares of our common stock to an investor in connection with the exercise of a portion of the warrants issued on December 27, 2017. Such warrants were exercised in exchange for the aggregate cash exercise price of $1.0 million.

· On April 24, 2019 and May 3, 2019, we issued a total of 500,000 shares of our common stock to an investor in connection with the exercise of a total of 500,000 warrants, which were previously issued on December 27, 2017, at $2.00 per share for total gross proceeds in the amount of $1.0 million.

Small Business Innovation Research Grant

On March 28, 2018, we were awarded a Fast-Track Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant by the Eunice Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to support testing of pediatric CEI. The award for Phase I, which was executed and earned through the third quarter of 2018, provided for the reimbursement of up to $225,000 of qualified research and development costs.

On October 26, 2018, we were awarded Phase II of the SBIR grant for $1.1 million to support development, testing, and translation to the clinic through September 2019. The Phase II grant includes an additional $0.5 million for future period support through September 2020, subject to availability of funding and satisfactory progress on the project. Accordingly, the SBIR grant has the potential to provide a total award of $1.8 million.

Headcount

Following the failure to receive the funding with respect to a Securities Purchase Agreement in August 2017, and in an effort to conserve cash, we completed a reduction in headcount of 20 persons during October and November 2017. In addition, our officers agreed to a temporary reduction in their cash salaries by 50% effective November 2017. During the first quarter of 2018, the salaries paid to our officers were increased to approximately 80% of their contracted rate. We accrued the $104,000 difference between the officers’ contracted rates and amounts paid. In July 2018, we paid these amounts and reinstated the officers’ salaries to their contracted rates. Following the capital raises in December 2017 and January 2018 described below we re-hired several of our former employees into key positions in January 2018, and we have made other hires since then. At March 31, 2019, we had 16 employees, of whom fifteen were full-and one was part-time.

Operating Losses and Cash Requirements

We have incurred substantial operating losses since our inception, and as of March 31, 2019 had an accumulated deficit of approximately $57.7 million, which will require us to seek additional financing to fund future operations. We expect that our cash on hand at March 31, 2019 of $1.1 million will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second quarter of 2019. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, these conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We are currently investing significant resources in the development of products for use by clinicians in the field of regenerative medicine. We will need to raise additional funds in future periods to fund our operations. In the event that we do not raise additional capital from outside sources in the near future, we may be forced to further curtail or cease our operations. Cash requirements and cash resource needs will vary significantly depending upon the timing of clinical and animal studies and other resource needs that will be required to complete ongoing development and pre-clinical and clinical testing of products as well as regulatory efforts and collaborative arrangements necessary for our products that are currently under development. We will seek to raise necessary funds through a combination of public or private equity offerings, debt financings, other financing mechanisms, or strategic collaborations and licensing arrangements. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all.

18

Results of Operations

Components of Operating Loss

Research and development expense. Research and development expense consists of salaries and related expenses, including share-based compensation, for personnel and contracted consultants, and various materials and other costs to develop our new products, primarily: synthetic organ scaffolds, including investigation and development of materials and investigation and optimization of cellularization, and 3D organ bioreactors, as well as studies of cells and cell behavior. Other research and development expenses include the costs of outside service providers and material costs for prototype and test units and outside laboratories and testing facilities performing cell growth and materials experiments, as well as the costs of all other preclinical research. We expense research and development costs as incurred.

Selling, general and administrative expense. Selling, general and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and other related expenses, including share-based compensation, for personnel in executive, accounting, information technology and human resources roles. Other costs include professional fees for legal and accounting services, insurance, investor relations and facility costs.

Other Income (Expense)

Grant income. Grant income reflects income earned under an SBIR grant. Grant income is recognized when qualified research and development costs are incurred.

Changes in fair value of warrant liability. Changes in fair value of warrant liability represent the change in the fair value of common stock warrants since the date of issuance based on the remeasurement of such warrants at the end of each reporting period until the liability is settled. We use the Black-Scholes pricing model to value the outstanding warrant liability.

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2019 to the three months ended March 31, 2018

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense increased approximately 87% to $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $0.6 million for the comparable three-month period in 2018. The increase was primarily attributed to a $0.2 million increase in payroll-related costs and share-based compensation due to the hiring of additional research professionals in 2018, an increase in outsourced study expenses of $0.1 million, and an increase of $0.1 million in consulting and legal fees.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expense increased approximately 8% to $1.0 million compared to $0.9 million for the same period in 2018. The increase is due primarily to an increase in share-based compensation.

Grant income

Grant income for qualified expenditures from an SBIR grant increased by $55,000 or approximately 93% to $114,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $59,000 for the comparable three-month period in 2018.

Change in fair value of warrant liability

The change in the fair value of the warrant liability resulted in other expense of $7,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $124,000 in the same period in 2018. The expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was due to an increase in the price of the underlying common shares, offset in part by a decrease in the volatility of the common shares. The expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was due to an increase in the price and volatility of the underlying common shares during the prior quarter.

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of liquidity.  We have incurred operating losses since inception, and as of March 31, 2019 we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $57.7 million. We are currently investing significant resources in the development and commercialization of our products for use by clinicians and researchers in the field of regenerative medicine. As a result, we expect to incur operating losses and negative operating cash flow for the foreseeable future.

19

Operating activities.  Net cash used in operating activities of $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily due to our net loss of $1.9 million, offset by approximately $0.3 million of cash received for working capital and $0.4 million add-back of non-cash expenses related to the change in the fair value of our warrant liability, share-based compensation and depreciation.

Net cash used in operating activities of $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was primarily a result of our $1.5 million net loss, in addition to approximately $0.8 million of cash used for working capital, partially offset by $0.3 million add-back of non-cash expenses related to the change in the fair value of our warrant liability, share-based compensation and depreciation. The cash used for working capital primarily represented the payment of accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Investing activities.  Net cash used for investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 reflected $24,000 of equipment purchases.

Net cash provided by investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $46,000 reflecting $49,000 of cash received from the sale of property, plant and equipment, offset in part by $3,000 of property and equipment additions.

Financing activities Net cash generated from financing activities of $1.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 consisted of the net proceeds of $1.0 million received from the issuance of 500,000 shares of our common stock to an investor in connection with the exercise of a portion of the warrants issued on December 27, 2017.

Net cash generated from financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2018 of $0.8 million consisted of the net proceeds from the issuance of 302,115 shares of our common stock on February 20, 2018 at a purchase price of $3.31 per share and the issuance of 50,000 shares of our common stock on January 2, 2018 at a purchase price of $2.00 per share, partially offset by the repayment of a $0.3 million deposit to an investor related to the private placement transaction from December 2017.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The critical accounting policies and estimates underlying the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are those set forth in Part II, Item 7 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, which was filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We do not have any material foreign currency exchange risks, we do not enter into derivative agreements, we do not have any off balance-sheet arrangements, and we do not have any interest rate risks. Additionally, we have no debt outstanding.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2019. Based upon the evaluation described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that they believe that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the period covered by this report, we have concluded that there were no changes during the fiscal quarter in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

20

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Other than the ongoing civil lawsuit described in Item 3 of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019, there are no such matters pending that we expect to be material in relation to our business, financial condition, and results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

To our knowledge and except to the extent additional factual information disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relates to such risk factors, there have been no material changes in the risk factors described in Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which was filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019.

21

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Index
31.1+	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Biostage, Inc., pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2+	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Biostage, Inc., pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Biostage, Inc., pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Biostage, Inc., pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

+ Filed herewith.

* This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

22

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: May 14, 2019

BIOSTAGE, INC.
By:	/s/ James McGorry
	James McGorry
	Chief Executive Officer
By:	/s/ Thomas McNaughton
	Thomas McNaughton
	Chief Financial Officer

23

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

31.1+	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Biostage, Inc., pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2+	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Biostage, Inc., pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Biostage, Inc., pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Biostage, Inc., pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

+ Filed herewith.

* This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

24

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification

I, Thomas McNaughton, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Biostage, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 14, 2019

/s/ Thomas McNaughton

Thomas McNaughton

Chief Financial Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification

I, James McGorry, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Biostage, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 14, 2019

/s/ James McGorry

James McGorry

Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC FINANCIAL REPORT

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

The undersigned officer of Biostage, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies to his knowledge that the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019 (the “Report”) to which this certification is being furnished as an exhibit, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. This certification is provided solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K (Item 601(b)(32)) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Exchange Act. In accordance with clause (ii) of Item 601(b) (32), this certification (A) shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and (B) shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

Date: May 14, 2019

	/s/ Thomas McNaughton
Name:	Thomas McNaughton
Title:	Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC FINANCIAL REPORT

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

The undersigned officer of Biostage, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies to his knowledge that the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019 (the “Report”) to which this certification is being furnished as an exhibit, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. This certification is provided solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K (Item 601(b)(32)) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Exchange Act. In accordance with clause (ii) of Item 601(b) (32), this certification (A) shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and (B) shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

Date: May 14, 2019

	/s/ James McGorry
Name:	James McGorry
Title:	Chief Executive Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	May 10, 2019
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2019
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Registrant Name	Biostage, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001563665
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Trading Symbol	BSTG
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		6,672,223
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	true
Entity Small Business	true

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash	$ 1,065	$ 1,305
Restricted cash	50	50
Grant receivable	114	176
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	499	623
Total current assets	1,728	2,154
Property, plant and equipment, net	466	479
Right-of-use assets	143	0
Total non-current assets	609	479
Total assets	2,337	2,633
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	311	160
Accrued and other current liabilities	441	404
Warrant liability	105	98
Current portion of operating lease liability	99	0
Total current liabilities	956	662
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	44	0
Total liabilities	1,000	662
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders' equity:
Undesignated preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 984,000 shares authorized and none issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	0	0
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 120,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018; 6,169,645 and 5,669,645 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	62	57
Additional paid-in capital	58,965	57,677
Accumulated deficit	(57,690)	(55,763)
Total stockholders' equity	1,337	1,971
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 2,337	$ 2,633

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	120,000,000	120,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	6,169,645	5,669,645
Common stock, shares outstanding	6,169,645	5,669,645
Undesignated Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	984,000	984,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Revenues	$ 0	$ 0
Operating expenses:
Research and development	1,034	552
Selling, general and administrative	1,000	928
Total operating expenses	2,034	1,480
Operating loss	(2,034)	(1,480)
Other income (expense):
Grant income	114	59
Change in fair value of warrant liability	(7)	(124)
Total other income (expense), net	107	(65)
Net loss	$ (1,927)	$ (1,545)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$ (0.32)	$ (0.56)
Weighted-average common shares, basic and diluted	6,003	2,751

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
CASH FLOWS USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$ (1,927)	$ (1,545)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Share-based compensation expense	293	75
Depreciation	61	63
Amortization of right-of-use assets	23	0
Change in fair value of warrant liability	7	124
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Grant receivable	62	(59)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	124	(67)
Accounts payable	127	(698)
Accrued and other current liabilities	37	47
Lease liabilities	(23)	0
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,216)	(2,060)
CASH FLOWS USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Additions to property and equipment	(24)	(3)
Cash received from sale of property, plant and equipment	0	49
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(24)	46
CASH FLOWS USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Return of related party advance	0	(300)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants, net of offering costs	0	1,095
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	1,000	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,000	795
Net decrease in cash and restricted cash	(240)	(1,219)
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of period	1,355	4,038
Cash and restricted cash at end of period	1,115	2,819
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Equipment purchases included in accounts payable	$ 24	$ 14

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Series D Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 3,423	$ 25	$ 1,475	$ 50,157	$ (48,234)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		2,507	3
Net loss	(1,545)	$ 0	$ 0	0	(1,545)
Share-based compensation	75	0	0	75	0
Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs	1,044	$ 4	$ 0	1,040	0
Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs (in shares)		352	0
Issuance of warrants to purchase common stock in connection with issuance of common stock above	51	$ 0	$ 0	51	0
Balance at Mar. 31, 2018	3,048	$ 29	$ 1,475	51,323	(49,779)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		2,859	3
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	1,971	$ 57	$ 0	57,677	(55,763)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		5,670	0
Net loss	(1,927)	$ 0	$ 0	0	(1,927)
Share-based compensation	293	0	0	293	0
Issuance of common stock from exercise of warrants	1,000	$ 5	$ 0	995	0
Issuance of common stock from exercise of warrants (in shares)		500	0
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 1,337	$ 62	$ 0	$ 58,965	$ (57,690)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		6,170	0

XML

Overview and Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Business Description and Basis of Presentation [Text Block]

1.  Overview and Basis of Presentation

Overview

Biostage, Inc. (Biostage or the Company) is a biotechnology company developing bioengineered organ implants based on the Company’s novel CellframeTM technology. The Company’s Cellframe technology is comprised of a biocompatible scaffold that is seeded with the recipient’s own stem cells. The Company believes that this technology may prove to be effective for treating patients across a number of life-threatening medical indications who currently have unmet medical needs. The Company is currently developing its Cellframe technology to treat life-threatening conditions of the esophagus, bronchus and trachea with the objective of dramatically improving the treatment paradigm for those patients. Since inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to business planning, research and development, recruiting management and technical staff, and acquiring operating assets. The Company has one business segment and does not have significant costs or assets outside the United States.

On October 31, 2013, Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (Harvard Bioscience) contributed its regenerative medicine business assets, plus $15 million of cash, into Biostage, Inc. (formerly “Harvard Apparatus Regenerative Technologies” at time of spin-off.) On November 1, 2013, the spin-off of the Company from Harvard Bioscience was completed. On that date, the Company became an independent company that operates the regenerative medicine business previously owned by Harvard Bioscience. The spin-off was completed through the distribution of all the shares of common stock of Biostage to stockholders of Harvard Bioscience (the “HBIO Distribution”).

The Company’s common stock is currently traded on the OTCQB Venture Market under the symbol “BSTG”.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements reflect the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP).

Going Concern

The Company has incurred substantial operating losses since its inception, and as of March 31, 2019 has an accumulated deficit of approximately $57.7 million and will require additional financing to fund future operations. The Company expects that its cash at March 31, 2019 of $1.1 million will enable it to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second quarter of 2019. Therefore, these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company will need to raise additional funds to fund its operations. In the event the Company does not raise additional capital from outside sources in the near future, it may be forced to curtail or cease its operations. Cash requirements and cash resource needs will vary significantly depending upon the timing of the financial and other resource needs that will be required to complete ongoing development, pre-clinical and clinical testing of products, as well as regulatory efforts and collaborative arrangements necessary for the Company’s products that are currently under development. The Company will seek to raise necessary funds through a combination of public or private equity offerings, debt financings, other financing mechanisms, research grants, or strategic collaborations and licensing arrangements. The Company may not be able to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, if at all.

The Company’s operations will be adversely affected if it is unable to raise or obtain needed funding and such circumstance may materially affect the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and therefore, the consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amount and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and, if dilutive, the weighted average number of potential shares of common stock, including the assumed exercise of stock options, warrants, and the impact of unvested restricted stock.

The Company applies the two-class method to calculate basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as its warrants to purchase common stock are participating securities.

The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats a participating security as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to common stockholders. However, the two-class method does not impact the net loss per share of common stock as the Company has been in a net loss position and the warrant holders do not participate in losses.

Basic and diluted shares outstanding are the same for each period presented as all common stock equivalents would be antidilutive due to the net losses incurred. 

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying interim consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 and consolidated interim statements of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are unaudited. The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP on the same basis as the annual audited financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2019 and its results of operations and cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The financial data and other information disclosed in these notes related to the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are unaudited. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019, any other interim periods or any future year or period.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accounting policies underlying the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are those set forth in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

SBIR Award

On March 28, 2018, the Company was awarded a Fast-Track Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant by the Eunice Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to support testing of pediatric Cellspan™ Esophageal Implants. The award for Phase I, which was earned over the nine months ended September 30, 2018, provided for the reimbursement for up to $225,000 of qualified research and development costs. 

On October 26, 2018, the Company was awarded Phase II of the SBIR grant for $1.1 million to support development, testing, and translation to the clinic through September 2019. The Phase II grant includes an additional $0.5 million for future period support through September 2020, subject to availability of funding and satisfactory progress on the project. Accordingly, the SBIR grant has the potential to provide a total award of $1.8 million.

Grant income is recognized when qualified research and development costs are incurred and recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. When evaluating grant revenue from the SBIR grant, the Company considered accounting requirements under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers. The Company concluded that ASC 606 did not apply as there is no exchange of goods or services or an exchange of intellectual property between the parties and therefore presents grant income in other income. The Company recognized $114,000 of grant income from the Phase II award during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $59,000 of grant income from the Phase I award during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of $50,000 held as collateral for the Company’s credit card program as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company’s statements of cash flows include restricted cash with cash when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on such statements.

A reconciliation of the cash and restricted cash reported within the balance sheet that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the statement of cash flows is as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Cash	$	1,065	$	1,305
Restricted cash		50		50
Total cash and restricted cash as shown on the statements of cash flows	$	1,115	$	1,355

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2018-07). The new standard simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees by aligning it with the accounting for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 as required on January 1, 2019, and its adoption did not have any material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, Derivatives and Hedging (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception (ASU 2017-11). This guidance is intended to reduce the complexity associated with accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Specifically, a down round feature would no longer cause a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or an embedded conversion option) to be considered “not indexed to an entity’s own stock” and therefore accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current earnings. Down round features are most often found in warrants and conversion options embedded in debt or preferred equity instruments. In addition, the guidance re-characterized the indefinite deferral of certain provisions on distinguishing liabilities from equity to a scope exception with no accounting effect. The Company adopted ASU 2017-11 as of the required effective date of January 1, 2019, and the adoption of ASU 2017-11 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), a new standard issued to increase transparency and comparability among organizations related to their leasing activities. This standard established a right-of-use model that requires all lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on their balance sheet that arise from leases as well as provide disclosures with respect to certain qualitative and quantitative information related to a company's leasing arrangements to meet the objective of allowing users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.

The FASB subsequently issued the following amendments to ASU 2016-02 that have the same effective date and transition date: ASU 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, ASU 2018-20, Narrow-Scope Improvement for Lessors, and ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements. The Company adopted these amendments with ASU 2016-02 (collectively, the new leasing standards) effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition approach with no restatement of prior periods or cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit. Upon adoption, the Company elected the package of transition practical expedients, which allowed the Company to carry forward prior conclusions related to whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and initial direct costs for existing leases. The Company also elected the practical expedient to not reassess certain land easements and made an accounting policy election to not recognize leases with an initial term of 12 months or less within its consolidated balance sheets and to recognize those lease payments on a straight-line basis in its consolidated statements of operations over the lease term.

Upon adoption of the new leasing standards the Company recognized a right-of-use asset of approximately $0.2 million and a corresponding operating lease liability of approximately $0.2 million, which are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The adoption of the new leasing standards did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at contract inception. Operating lease assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based upon the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When determining the lease term, the Company includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable and uses its incremental borrowing rate when the implicit rate is not readily determinable based upon the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. Since the Company does not have similar term secured borrowing arrangements as its lease arrangements and, therefore, its incremental borrowing rate is not readily determinable, the Company has used an incremental borrowing rate based on the lowest grade of debt available in the marketplace for the same term as the associated lease.

The lease payments used to determine the Company’s operating lease assets may include lease incentives, stated rent increases and escalation clauses linked to rates of inflation when determinable and are recognized in the Company’s right-of-use assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets

The Company’s operating leases are reflected in right to use assets, current portion of operating lease liability and operating lease liability, net of current portion, in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

For additional information on the adoption of the new leasing standards, see Note 7, Leases, to the consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirement for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU removes, modifies and adds certain disclosure requirements of ASC Topic 820. The ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 31, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard may have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption. 

XML

Capital Stock

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]

3.  Capital Stock

On January 3, 2018, the Company issued 50,000 shares of our common stock to Connecticut Children’s Medical Center (Connecticut Children’s) at $2.00 per share and warrants to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share, in exchange for aggregate gross proceeds of $100,000 in a private placement transaction of unregistered shares. The warrants were immediately exercisable and expire in January 2023. The Company has allocated $51,000 of consideration to the warrants using the relative fair-value method and included such amount in additional paid-in capital. The Company classified these warrants as permanent equity versus liability warrants as the warrants do not have any redemption features nor a right to put for cash that is outside the control of the Company. Connecticut Children’s Chief Executive Officer, James Shmerling, is a member of the Company’s Board of Directors as well as the Board of Directors of Connecticut Children’s.

On February 20, 2018, the Company issued 302,115 shares of common stock to an investor at a purchase price of $3.31 per share for aggregate gross and net proceeds of approximately $1.0 million in an unregistered private placement transaction.

On May 23, 2018, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of common stock to two new investors at a purchase price of $3.60 per share for aggregate gross and net proceeds of approximately $3.6 million and $3.4 million, respectively, in an unregistered private placement. Following the issuance of these shares, the holders of Series D preferred stock exercised their right to convert all of the 3,108 outstanding shares of Series D preferred stock into 1.554 million shares of common stock as provided for under the Series D preferred stock agreement.

On June 29, 2018, the Company issued 250,000 shares of common stock to an investor at a purchase price of $3.60​​​​​​​ per share for aggregate gross and net proceeds of approximately $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively, in an unregistered private placement transaction.

On January 31, 2019, the Company issued 500,000 shares of its common stock to an investor in connection with the exercise of a portion of the warrants issued on December 27, 2017. Such warrants were exercised in exchange for the payment to the Company of the aggregate cash exercise price of $1.0 million.

XML

Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

4. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

The Company utilizes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs to the valuations used to measure fair value that prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company had no assets or liabilities classified as Level 2 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company’s restricted cash that serves as collateral for the Company’s credit card program is held in a demand money market account and is measured at fair value based on quoted prices, which are Level 1 inputs. The Company classifies warrants to purchase common stock that are accounted for as liabilities as discussed below as Level 3 liabilities.

The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019:

	Fair Value Measurement as of March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Restricted cash	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50
Total	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50
Liabilities:
Warrant liability	$	-	$	-	$	105	$	105
Total	$	-	$	-	$	105	$	105

The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018:

	Fair Value Measurement as of December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Restricted cash	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50
Total	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50
Liabilities:
Warrant liability	$	-	$	-	$	98	$	98
Total	$	-	$	-	$	98	$	98

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

	Warrant Liability
	(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	98
Change in fair value upon re-measurement		7
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	105

There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 in any of the periods reported.

The Company has re-measured the warrant liability to estimated fair value at inception, prior to modification and at each reporting date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Risk-free interest rate		2.49	%		2.46	%
Expected volatility		118.3	%		121.9	%
Expected term (in years)		2.9			3.1
Expected dividend yield		-			-
Exercise price	$	8.00		$	8.00
Market value of common stock	$	2.35		$	2.06
Warrants to purchase shares of common stock		92,212			92,212

XML

Share-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Share-based Compensation [Abstract]

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]

5.  Share-Based Compensation

Biostage 2013 Equity Incentive Plan

The Company maintains the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the Plan) for the benefit of certain of its officers, employees, non-employee directors, and other key persons (including consultants and advisory board members). All options and awards granted under the Plan consist of the Company’s shares of common stock. In May 2018, the Company’s shareholders approved the increase of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance pursuant to the Plan by 1,600,000 shares, which increased the total shares authorized to be issued under the Plan to 2,098,000.

The Company also issued equity awards under the Plan at the time of the HBIO Distribution to all holders of Harvard Bioscience equity awards as part of an adjustment (the Adjustment Awards) to prevent a loss of value due to the HBIO Distribution. Compensation expense recognized under the Plan relates to service provided by employees, board members and a non-employee of the Company. There was no required compensation associated with the Adjustment Awards to employees who remained at Harvard Bioscience. As of December 31, 2018 and since there was no unrecognized compensation costs as all the Adjustment Awards have fully vested.

The Company has granted options to purchase common stock and restricted stock units (RSUs) under the Plan. Stock option and restricted stock unit activity during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was as follows:

	Stock Options					Restricted Stock Units
	Amount			Weighted – average exercise price		Amount			Weighted – average grant date fair value
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		1,577,983		$	6.58		7,735		$	7.68
Granted		7,500			2.48		-			-
Vested (RSUs)		-			-		(2,578	)		7.68
Canceled		(19	)		100.47		-			-
Outstanding at March 31, 2019		1,585,464		$	6.55		5,157		$	7.68

The underlying common shares for the 2,578 vested RSUs were unissued as of March 31, 2019.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value its stock options. The weighted average assumptions for valuing options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 were as follows: 

Expected volatility	117.4	%
Expected dividends	n/a
Expected term	5.75 years
Risk-free rate	2.55	%

The Company’s outstanding stock options include 583,921 performance-based awards as of March 31, 2019 that have vesting provisions subject to the achievement of certain business milestones. Total compensation expense for performance-based awards is approximately $1.6 million. No expense has been recognized as of March 31, 2019 for such awards given that the milestone achievements have not yet been deemed probable for accounting purposes.

The Company recorded share-based compensation expense in the following expense categories of its consolidated statements of operations: 

	Three Months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Research and development	$	72	$	9
General and administrative		221		66
Total share-based compensation	$	293	$	75

XML

Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

6.  Commitments and Contingencies

First Pecos Breach Notice

In June, 2017, the Company entered into a binding Memorandum of Understanding with First Pecos, LLC (First Pecos), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to First Pecos in a private placement 485,000 shares of its common stock on a post-reverse split basis at a purchase price of $6.30 per share or, to the extent First Pecos, following the transaction, would own more than 19.9% of the Company’s common stock, shares of a new class of preferred stock of the Company with a per-share purchase price of $1,000.

In October 2017, as a result of the First Pecos failure to deliver the Purchase Price to the Company following satisfaction of all closing conditions in the Purchase Agreement, the Company delivered a notice to First Pecos and its manager, Leon “Chip” Greenblatt III, stating that First Pecos was in breach of the Purchase Agreement. None of the shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock or warrants were issued to First Pecos. Also in October 2017, First Pecos delivered a notice to the Company stating that, as a result of alleged breaches by the Company of its obligations pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, First Pecos terminated the Purchase Agreement and demanded that the Company pay a $500,000 termination fee pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement.

The Company believes that it was not in breach of the Purchase Agreement at any time, and that the First Pecos notice was unjustified and without any legal merit or factual basis. Accordingly, the Company believes that First Pecos was not entitled to terminate the Purchase Agreement, and was not entitled to any termination fee thereunder, as the failure to consummate the Pecos Placement resulted from the First Pecos breach of the Purchase Agreement. The Company has not accrued for this liability as the Company believes the claim to be without merit.

Other

On April 14, 2017, representatives for the estate of a deceased individual filed a civil lawsuit in the Suffolk Superior Court, in Boston, Massachusetts, against the Company and Harvard Bioscience. The complaint alleges that the decedent’s injury and death were caused by two tracheal implants that incorporated synthetic trachea scaffolds and a biologic component combined by the implanting surgeon with a bioreactor, and surgically implanted in the decedent in two surgeries performed in 2012 and 2013. The civil complaint seeks a non-specific sum of money to compensate the plaintiffs. This civil lawsuit relates to the Company’s first-generation trachea scaffold technology for which the Company discontinued development in 2014, and not to the Company’s current Cellframe technology nor to its lead development product candidate, the Cellspan Esophageal Implant. The Company intends to vigorously defend this case. While the Company believes that such claim lacks merit, the Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of such litigation. In accordance with a separation and distribution agreement between Harvard Bioscience and the Company relating to the spin-off, the Company would be required to indemnify Harvard Bioscience against losses that Harvard Bioscience may suffer as a result of this litigation. The Company has been informed by its insurance provider that the case has been accepted as an insurable claim under the Company’s product liability insurance policy. The Company has not accrued for a potential liability as it is not considered probable at this time.

From time to time, the Company may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Other than the above matter, there are no such matters pending that the Company expects to be material in relation to its business, financial condition, and results of operations or cash flows.

XML

Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Lessee, Operating Lease, Disclosure [Table Text Block]

7. Leases

The Company leases laboratory and office space, and certain equipment. The Company leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 1 year to 4 years. The facility sublease with Harvard Bioscience currently runs through May 31, 2020 and automatically extends annually unless the Company or Harvard Bioscience provides a notice of termination within one hundred and eighty days prior to May 31 of each year. The equipment lease, which has a lease term thru April 2023, includes the purchase or return of the equipment, or continuation of the lease at 180-day intervals at the end of the lease, at the Company’s sole discretion.

All of the Company’s leases qualify as operating leases. The following table summarizes the presentation in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets of its operating leases:

(In thousands)	Balance sheet location	As of March 31, 2019
Assets:
Operating lease assets	Right-of-use asset	$	143
Liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities	Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	99
Non-current operating lease liabilities	Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		44
Total operating lease liabilities		$	143

The following table summarizes the effect of lease costs in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income:

(In thousands)	Income Statement Location	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	Research and development	$	18
	Selling, general and administrative		10
		$	28

The minimum lease payments for the next five years and thereafter is expected to be as follows:

(In thousands)	As of March 31, 2019
2019 (remaining nine months)	$	84
2020		53
2021		11
2022		11
2023		4
Thereafter		0
Total lease payments	$	163
Less: interest		20
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	143

The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate of the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

	As of March 31, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term in years		2.0
Weighted average discount rate		13.55	%

XML

Related Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]

8. Related Party Transactions

Relationship with Harvard Bioscience

On November 1, 2013, Harvard Bioscience completed the HBIO Distribution. At the time of the HBIO Distribution, the Company entered into a 10-year product distribution agreement with Harvard Bioscience under which each company became the exclusive distributor for the other party for products such other party develops for sale in the markets served by the other. In addition, Harvard Bioscience agreed that except for certain existing activities of its German subsidiary, to the extent that any Harvard Bioscience business desires to resell or distribute any bioreactor that is then manufactured by the Company, the Company would be the exclusive manufacturer of such bioreactors and Harvard Bioscience would purchase such bioreactors from the Company.

On November 3, 2017, in exchange for settlement of approximately $0.1 million of outstanding rent and operating expenses due to Harvard Bioscience, Biostage sold all of its current stock of research bioreactor parts, a royalty free perpetual sublicensable and transferable right and license to use the intellectual property, including but not limited to certain patents covering research bioreactors, and relinquished exclusive manufacturing or distribution rights with respect to research bioreactors to Harvard Bioscience. The Company had ceased the manufacture of research bioreactors in late 2016, to concentrate its efforts solely on development of its clinical product candidates. This settlement only covers research bioreactors, not to be used for clinical purposes. The Company retains full exclusive rights to all assets and rights associated with the clinical bioreactor used in the development of the Company’s current Cellframe technology.

Due to Related Party

In connection with the Company’s private placement transaction in December 2017, an investor placed a deposit in the amount of $0.3 million with the Company, which was subsequently repaid in January 2018.

XML

Net Loss Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

9. Net Loss Per Share

The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Unvested restricted common stock units		5,517		7,735
Warrants to purchase common stock		3,678,647		4,178,647
Options to purchase common stock		1,585,464		156,968
Series D convertible preferred stock		-		1,554,000
Total		5,269,268		5,897,350

XML

Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

10. Income Taxes

The Company did not provide for any income taxes in its statement of operations for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company has provided a valuation allowance for the full amount of its net deferred tax assets because, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, it was more likely than not that any future benefit from deductible temporary differences and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards would not be realized.

The Company has not recorded any amounts for unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company had no accrued interest or tax penalties recorded related to income taxes. The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax and Massachusetts state income tax. The statute of limitations for assessment by the IRS and state tax authorities is open for all periods from inception through December 31, 2018; currently, no federal or state income tax returns are under examination by the respective taxing authorities.

Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are subject to review and possible adjustment by the IRS and state tax authorities. Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may become subject to an annual limitation in the event of certain cumulative changes in the ownership interest of significant shareholders over a three-year period in excess of 50 percent, as defined under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, respectively, as well as similar state provisions. This could limit the amount of tax attributes that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income or tax liabilities. The amount of the annual limitation is determined based on the value of the Company immediately prior to the ownership change. Subsequent ownership changes may further affect the limitation in future years. The Company has recently completed several equity financing transactions which have either individually or cumulatively resulted in a change in control as defined by Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, or could result in a change in control in the future. The Company does not believe the impact of any limitation on the use of its net operating loss or credit carryforwards will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the Company has a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty regarding future taxable income for the foreseeable future.

For all periods through March 31, 2019, the Company generated research credits but has not conducted a study to document the qualified activities. This study may result in an adjustment to the Company’s research and development credit carryforwards; however, until a study is completed and any adjustment is known, no amounts are being presented as an uncertain tax position. A full valuation allowance has been provided against the Company’s research and development credits and, if an adjustment is required, this adjustment would be offset by an adjustment to the deferred tax asset established for the research and development credit carryforwards and the valuation allowance.

XML

Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

11. Subsequent Events

On April 24, 2019 and May 3, 2019, the Company issued a total of 500,000 shares of its common stock to an investor in connection with the exercise of a total of 500,000 warrants, which were previously issued on December 27, 2017, at $2.00 per share for gross proceeds in the amount of $1.0 million.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Small Business Innovation Research [Policy Text Block]

SBIR Award

On March 28, 2018, the Company was awarded a Fast-Track Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant by the Eunice Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to support testing of pediatric Cellspan™ Esophageal Implants. The award for Phase I, which was earned over the nine months ended September 30, 2018, provided for the reimbursement for up to $225,000 of qualified research and development costs. 

On October 26, 2018, the Company was awarded Phase II of the SBIR grant for $1.1 million to support development, testing, and translation to the clinic through September 2019. The Phase II grant includes an additional $0.5 million for future period support through September 2020, subject to availability of funding and satisfactory progress on the project. Accordingly, the SBIR grant has the potential to provide a total award of $1.8 million.

Grant income is recognized when qualified research and development costs are incurred and recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. When evaluating grant revenue from the SBIR grant, the Company considered accounting requirements under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers. The Company concluded that ASC 606 did not apply as there is no exchange of goods or services or an exchange of intellectual property between the parties and therefore presents grant income in other income. The Company recognized $114,000 of grant income from the Phase II award during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $59,000 of grant income from the Phase I award during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of $50,000 held as collateral for the Company’s credit card program as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company’s statements of cash flows include restricted cash with cash when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on such statements.

A reconciliation of the cash and restricted cash reported within the balance sheet that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the statement of cash flows is as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Cash	$	1,065	$	1,305
Restricted cash		50		50
Total cash and restricted cash as shown on the statements of cash flows	$	1,115	$	1,355

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements [Policy Text Block]

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2018-07). The new standard simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees by aligning it with the accounting for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 as required on January 1, 2019, and its adoption did not have any material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, Derivatives and Hedging (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception (ASU 2017-11). This guidance is intended to reduce the complexity associated with accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Specifically, a down round feature would no longer cause a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or an embedded conversion option) to be considered “not indexed to an entity’s own stock” and therefore accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current earnings. Down round features are most often found in warrants and conversion options embedded in debt or preferred equity instruments. In addition, the guidance re-characterized the indefinite deferral of certain provisions on distinguishing liabilities from equity to a scope exception with no accounting effect. The Company adopted ASU 2017-11 as of the required effective date of January 1, 2019, and the adoption of ASU 2017-11 did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), a new standard issued to increase transparency and comparability among organizations related to their leasing activities. This standard established a right-of-use model that requires all lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on their balance sheet that arise from leases as well as provide disclosures with respect to certain qualitative and quantitative information related to a company's leasing arrangements to meet the objective of allowing users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.

The FASB subsequently issued the following amendments to ASU 2016-02 that have the same effective date and transition date: ASU 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, ASU 2018-20, Narrow-Scope Improvement for Lessors, and ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements. The Company adopted these amendments with ASU 2016-02 (collectively, the new leasing standards) effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition approach with no restatement of prior periods or cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit. Upon adoption, the Company elected the package of transition practical expedients, which allowed the Company to carry forward prior conclusions related to whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and initial direct costs for existing leases. The Company also elected the practical expedient to not reassess certain land easements and made an accounting policy election to not recognize leases with an initial term of 12 months or less within its consolidated balance sheets and to recognize those lease payments on a straight-line basis in its consolidated statements of operations over the lease term.

Upon adoption of the new leasing standards the Company recognized a right-of-use asset of approximately $0.2 million and a corresponding operating lease liability of approximately $0.2 million, which are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The adoption of the new leasing standards did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at contract inception. Operating lease assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based upon the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When determining the lease term, the Company includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable and uses its incremental borrowing rate when the implicit rate is not readily determinable based upon the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. Since the Company does not have similar term secured borrowing arrangements as its lease arrangements and, therefore, its incremental borrowing rate is not readily determinable, the Company has used an incremental borrowing rate based on the lowest grade of debt available in the marketplace for the same term as the associated lease.

The lease payments used to determine the Company’s operating lease assets may include lease incentives, stated rent increases and escalation clauses linked to rates of inflation when determinable and are recognized in the Company’s right-of-use assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets

The Company’s operating leases are reflected in right to use assets, current portion of operating lease liability and operating lease liability, net of current portion, in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

For additional information on the adoption of the new leasing standards, see Note 7, Leases, to the consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirement for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU removes, modifies and adds certain disclosure requirements of ASC Topic 820. The ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 31, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard may have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption. 

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents [Table Text Block]

A reconciliation of the cash and restricted cash reported within the balance sheet that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the statement of cash flows is as follows:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Cash	$	1,065	$	1,305
Restricted cash		50		50
Total cash and restricted cash as shown on the statements of cash flows	$	1,115	$	1,355

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019:

	Fair Value Measurement as of March 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Restricted cash	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50
Total	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50
Liabilities:
Warrant liability	$	-	$	-	$	105	$	105
Total	$	-	$	-	$	105	$	105

The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018:

	Fair Value Measurement as of December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Restricted cash	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50
Total	$	50	$	-	$	-	$	50
Liabilities:
Warrant liability	$	-	$	-	$	98	$	98
Total	$	-	$	-	$	98	$	98

Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability) Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2019:

	Warrant Liability
	(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	98
Change in fair value upon re-measurement		7
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	105

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Table Text Block]

The Company has re-measured the warrant liability to estimated fair value at inception, prior to modification and at each reporting date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Risk-free interest rate		2.49	%		2.46	%
Expected volatility		118.3	%		121.9	%
Expected term (in years)		2.9			3.1
Expected dividend yield		-			-
Exercise price	$	8.00		$	8.00
Market value of common stock	$	2.35		$	2.06
Warrants to purchase shares of common stock		92,212			92,212

XML

Share-Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Stock Based Compensation [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation, Activity [Table Text Block]

The Company has granted options to purchase common stock and restricted stock units (RSUs) under the Plan. Stock option and restricted stock unit activity during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was as follows:

	Stock Options					Restricted Stock Units
	Amount			Weighted – average exercise price		Amount			Weighted – average grant date fair value
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		1,577,983		$	6.58		7,735		$	7.68
Granted		7,500			2.48		-			-
Vested (RSUs)		-			-		(2,578	)		7.68
Canceled		(19	)		100.47		-			-
Outstanding at March 31, 2019		1,585,464		$	6.55		5,157		$	7.68

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value its stock options. The weighted average assumptions for valuing options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 were as follows: 

Expected volatility	117.4	%
Expected dividends	n/a
Expected term	5.75 years
Risk-free rate	2.55	%

Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Table Text Block]

The Company recorded share-based compensation expense in the following expense categories of its consolidated statements of operations: 

	Three Months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Research and development	$	72	$	9
General and administrative		221		66
Total share-based compensation	$	293	$	75

XML

Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Right To Use Of Asset And Liability In Respect Of Operating Leases [Table Text Block]

All of the Company’s leases qualify as operating leases. The following table summarizes the presentation in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets of its operating leases:

(In thousands)	Balance sheet location	As of March 31, 2019
Assets:
Operating lease assets	Right-of-use asset	$	143
Liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities	Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	99
Non-current operating lease liabilities	Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		44
Total operating lease liabilities		$	143

Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes the effect of lease costs in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income:

(In thousands)	Income Statement Location	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	Research and development	$	18
	Selling, general and administrative		10
		$	28

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases [Table Text Block]

The minimum lease payments for the next five years and thereafter is expected to be as follows:

(In thousands)	As of March 31, 2019
2019 (remaining nine months)	$	84
2020		53
2021		11
2022		11
2023		4
Thereafter		0
Total lease payments	$	163
Less: interest		20
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	143

Schedule Of Discount Rate And Lease Term Used In Calculating Lease Liabilities And Assets [Table Text Block]

The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate of the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

	As of March 31, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term in years		2.0
Weighted average discount rate		13.55	%

XML

Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]

The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Unvested restricted common stock units		5,517		7,735
Warrants to purchase common stock		3,678,647		4,178,647
Options to purchase common stock		1,585,464		156,968
Series D convertible preferred stock		-		1,554,000
Total		5,269,268		5,897,350

XML

Overview and Basis of Presentation (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)		$ (57,690)	$ (55,763)
Cash		$ 1,065	$ 1,305
Harvard Bioscience Plan [Member]
Proceeds from Contributions from Parent	$ 15,000

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Cash	$ 1,065	$ 1,305
Restricted cash	50	50
Total cash and restricted cash as shown on the statements of cash flows	$ 1,115	$ 1,355

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements (Details Textual) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended
	Oct. 26, 2018	Mar. 28, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Basic And Diluted Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Restricted Cash			$ 50,000
Maximum Research And Development Expenses Reimbursement		$ 225,000
Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others, Description and Terms	On October 26, 2018, the Company was awarded Phase II of the SBIR grant for $1.1 million to support development, testing, and translation to the clinic through September 2019. The Phase II grant includes an additional $0.5 million for future period support through September 2020, subject to availability of funding and satisfactory progress on the project. Accordingly, the SBIR grant has the potential to provide a total award of $1.8 million.
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset			143,000	$ 0
Operating Lease, Liability			143,000
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]
Basic And Diluted Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset			200,000
Operating Lease, Liability			0.2
Phase One [Member]
Basic And Diluted Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Grant Income Recognized			59,000
Phase Two [Member]
Basic And Diluted Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Grant Income Recognized			$ 114,000

XML

Capital Stock (Details Textual) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended
	Jan. 03, 2018	Jun. 29, 2018	May 23, 2018	Feb. 20, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights					92,212		92,212
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights					$ 8.00		$ 8.00
Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement		$ 900,000	$ 3,600,000		$ 0	$ 1,095,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues		250,000
Share Price					$ 2.35		$ 2.06
Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues		$ 800,000	$ 3,400,000	$ 1,000,000		$ 1,044,000
Warrants and Rights Outstanding	$ 51,000
Shares Issued, Price Per Share		$ 3.60	$ 3.60
Private Placement [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues			1,000,000	302,115
Share Price				$ 3.31
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock	$ 100,000
Common Stock [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights	75,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 2.00
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises					$ 1,000,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues	50,000					352,000
Share Price	$ 2.00
Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues						$ 4,000
Shares Issued As A Result Of Exercise Of Warrants					500,000
Series D Preferred Stock [Member]
Conversion of Stock, Shares Converted			3,108
Conversion of Stock, Shares Issued			1,554,000

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	$ 50	$ 50
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value	105	98
Warrant [Member]
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value	105	98
Restricted cash [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	50	50
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	50	50
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Restricted cash [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	50	50
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	0	0
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Restricted cash [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	0	0
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value	105	98
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value	105	98
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Restricted cash [Member]
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Details 1) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Beginning Balance	$ 98
Change in fair value upon re-measurement	7
Ending Balance	$ 105

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Details 2) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Exercise price	$ 8.00	$ 8.00
Market value of common stock	$ 2.35	$ 2.06
Warrants to purchase shares of common stock	92,212	92,212
Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate [Member]
Risk-free interest rate	2.49%	2.46%
Measurement Input, Price Volatility [Member]
Expected volatility	118.3	121.9
Measurement Input, Expected Term [Member]
Expected term (in years)	2 years 10 months 24 days	3 years 1 month 6 days
Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate [Member]
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%

XML

Share-Based Compensation (Details) - Biostage 2013 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] - $ / shares	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	May 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019
Amount, Granted	1,600,000
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Amount, Outstanding at December 31, 2018		7,735
Amount, Granted		0
Amount, Canceled		0
Amount, Outstanding at March 31, 2018		5,157
Weighted-average exercise price, Outstanding at December 31, 2018		$ 7.68
Weighted-average exercise price, Granted		0
Weighted-average exercise price, Canceled		0
Weighted-average exercise price, Outstanding at March 31, 2018		$ 7.68
Amount, Vested (RSUs)		(2,578)
Weighted–average exercise price, Vested (RSUs)		7.68
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Amount, Outstanding at December 31, 2018		1,577,983
Amount, Granted		7,500
Amount, Canceled		(19)
Amount, Outstanding at March 31, 2018		1,585,464
Weighted-average exercise price, Outstanding at December 31, 2018		$ 6.58
Weighted-average exercise price, Granted		2.48
Weighted-average exercise price, Canceled		100.47
Weighted-average exercise price, Outstanding at March 31, 2018		$ 6.55
Amount, Vested (RSUs)		0
Weighted–average exercise price, Vested (RSUs)		0

XML

Share-Based Compensation (Details 1) - Biostage 2013 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility	117.40%
Expected dividends
Expected term	5 years 9 months
Risk-free rate	2.55%

XML

Share-Based Compensation (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 293	$ 75
Research and Development [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	72	9
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 221	$ 66

XML

Share-Based Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	May 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense		$ 293	$ 75
Performance Shares [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number		583,921
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense		$ 1,600
Biostage 2013 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized	2,098,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross	1,600,000
Biostage 2013 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross		0
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number		5,157		7,735
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period		2,578

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jan. 03, 2018	Oct. 31, 2017
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Share Price		$ 2.35	$ 2.06
Common Stock [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Share Price				$ 2.00
First Pecos, LLC [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Private Placement Shares to be Issued	485,000
Precentage of Company Common Stock	19.90%
Loss Contingencies					$ 500,000
First Pecos, LLC [Member] | Common Stock [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Share Price	$ 6.30
First Pecos, LLC [Member] | Preferred Stock [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Share Price	$ 1,000

XML

Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Operating lease assets	$ 143	$ 0
Current operating lease liabilities	99	0
Non-current operating lease liabilities	44	$ 0
Present value of operating lease liabilities	143
Property Subject to Operating Lease [Member]
Operating lease assets	143
Current operating lease liabilities	99
Non-current operating lease liabilities	44
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$ 143

XML

Leases (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Research and development	$ 1,034	$ 552
Selling, general and administrative	1,000	$ 928
Property Subject to Operating Lease [Member]
Research and development	18
Selling, general and administrative	10
Operating Lease, Cost	$ 28

XML

Leases (Details 2) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2019 (remaining nine months)	$ 84
2020	53
2021	11
2022	11
2023	4
Thereafter	0
Total lease payments	163
Less: interest	20
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$ 143

XML

Leases (Details 3)	Mar. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term in years	2 years
Weighted average discount rate	13.55%

XML

Leases (Detail Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term	2 years
Lessee, Operating Lease, Renewal Term	180 days
Lessee, Operating Lease, Description	The Company leases laboratory and office space, and certain equipment
Lessee, Operating Sublease, Option to Extend	The facility sublease with Harvard Bioscience currently runs through May 31, 2020 and automatically extends annually unless the Company or Harvard Bioscience provides a notice of termination within one hundred and eighty days prior to May 31 of each year
Property Subject to Operating Lease [Member]
Lease Expiration Date	Apr. 30, 2023
Maximum [Member]
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term	4 years
Minimum [Member]
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term	1 year

XML

Related Party Transactions (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2017	Nov. 03, 2017
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Due from Related Parties, Current		$ 0.3
Product Distribution Agreement Term	10 years
Harvard Bioscience [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accrued Rent, Current			$ 0.1

XML

Net Loss Per Share (Details 1) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	5,269,268	5,897,350
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	0	1,554,000
Restricted Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	5,517	7,735
Warrant [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	3,678,647	4,178,647
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	1,585,464	156,968

XML

Income Taxes (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Decrease in Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance	$ 0

XML

Subsequent Events (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Apr. 24, 2019	May 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 29, 2018	May 23, 2018
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights			92,212	92,212
Common Stock, Shares, Issued			6,169,645	5,669,645
Shares Issued, Price Per Share					$ 3.60	$ 3.60
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights		500,000
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises	$ 1.0
Common Stock, Shares, Issued		500,000
Shares Issued, Price Per Share		$ 2.00