COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Letters of Credit and Surety Bonds — We are committed, under various letters of credit and surety bonds, to perform certain development and construction activities and provide certain guarantees in the normal course of business. Outstanding letters of credit and surety bonds under these arrangements totaled $1.5 billion as of September 30, 2025 and $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2024. Although significant development and construction activities have been completed related to these site improvements, the bonds are generally not released until all development and construction activities are completed. We do not believe that it is probable that any outstanding bonds as of September 30, 2025 will be drawn upon.

Purchase Commitments —We are subject to the usual obligations associated with entering into contracts (including land option contracts and land banking arrangements) for the purchase, development, and sale of real estate in our ongoing routine business. We have a number of land purchase option contracts and land banking agreements, generally through cash deposits, for the right to purchase land or lots at a future point in time with predetermined terms. We do not have title to the property and the property owner and its creditors generally have no recourse to the Company. Our exposure with respect to such contracts are generally limited to the forfeiture of the related non-refundable cash deposits. The aggregate purchase price for assets under these contracts, including our new Build-to-Rent land bank was $3.0 billion at September 30, 2025 and $1.9 billion at December 31, 2024, respectively.

Legal Proceedings — We are involved in various litigation and legal claims in the normal course of business, including actions brought on behalf of various classes of claimants. We are also subject to a variety of local, state, and federal laws and regulations related to land development activities, house construction standards, sales practices, mortgage lending operations, employment practices, and protection of the environment. As a result, we are subject to periodic examination or inquiry by various governmental agencies that administer these laws and regulations.

We establish liabilities for legal claims and regulatory matters when such matters are both probable of occurring and any potential loss can be reasonably estimated. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our legal accruals were $50.9 million and $49.1 million, respectively which is included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on the unaudited Condensed consolidated balance sheets. We accrue for such matters based on the facts and circumstances specific to each matter and revise these estimates as the matters evolve. In such cases, there may exist an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts currently accrued. Predicting the ultimate resolution of the pending matters, the related timing, or the eventual loss associated with these matters is inherently difficult. Accordingly, the liability arising from the ultimate resolution of any matter may exceed the estimate reflected in the accrued liabilities relating to such matter. While the outcome of such contingencies cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the resolution of such matters will have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

On April 26, 2017, a class action complaint was filed in the Circuit Court of the Tenth Judicial Circuit in and for Polk County, Florida by Norman Gundel, William Mann, and Brenda Taylor against Avatar Properties, Inc., (an acquired AV Homes entity) ("Avatar"), generally alleging that Avatar's collection of club membership fees in connection with the use of one of our amenities in our East homebuilding segment violated various laws relating to homeowner associations and other Florida-specific laws (the "Solivita litigation"). The class action complaint sought an injunction to prohibit future collection of club membership fees. On November 2, 2021, the court determined that the club membership fees were improper and that plaintiffs were entitled to $35.0 million in fee reimbursements. We appealed the court’s ruling to the Sixth District Court of Appeal (the "District Court") on November 29, 2021, and the plaintiffs agreed to continue to pay club membership fees pending the outcome of the appeal. On June 23, 2023, the District Court affirmed the trial court judgment in a split decision, with three separate opinions. Recognizing the potential “far-reaching effects on homeowners associations throughout the State,” the District Court certified a question of great public importance to the Florida Supreme Court, and we filed a notice to invoke the discretionary review of the Florida Supreme Court. On November 2, 2023, the Florida Supreme Court declined to exercise jurisdiction. Following the Florida Supreme Court’s decision, we paid $64.7 million to the plaintiffs during the three months ended December 31, 2023, which included the amount of the trial court’s judgment, club membership fees received during the pendency of our appeal, and pre- and post-judgment interest. The Court held evidentiary hearings on July 29 and 30, 2024 with respect to the plaintiffs' claims for additional pre-judgment interest and legal fees and heard closing argument on August 13, 2024. On November 4, 2024, the Tenth Judicial Circuit Court for Polk County, Florida issued an order granting the plaintiffs’ motion for attorneys’ fees and taxable costs and denied their motion for pre-judgment interest at a rate higher than the Florida statutory rate. The Court awarded plaintiffs $22.5 million for attorneys' fees, $0.6 million for pre-judgment interest at the statutory rate of 9.46%, and $0.6 million for reimbursement of taxable costs. We filed a notice of appeal and have recorded an accrual with respect to our estimated liability for the plaintiffs' legal fees and costs for this matter, which is reflected in our legal accruals as of September 30, 2025.

After reviewing our amenity arrangements in our Florida communities to determine whether such arrangements might subject the Company to liability in light of the outcome of the Solivita litigation described above, we identified one additional community with similar arrangements. On August 13, 2020, Slade Chelbian, a resident of our Bellalago community in Kissimmee, Florida, filed a purported class action suit against Avatar, AV Homes, Inc. and Taylor Morrison Home Corporation in the Circuit Court of the Ninth Circuit in and for Osceola County, Florida, generally alleging that Avatar cannot earn profits from community members for use of club amenities where membership in the club is mandatory for all residents and failure to pay club membership fees could result in the foreclosure of their homes by Avatar. The case was recently transferred to

the Business Court and assigned to a new judge. The trial, which was originally scheduled to commence in the first quarter of 2026, has been postponed until further order of the court. While the ultimate outcome and the costs associated with litigation are inherently uncertain and difficult to predict, we have recorded an accrual for our estimated liability for this matter, which is reflected in our legal accruals as of September 30, 2025.

Leases — Our leases primarily consist of office space, construction trailers, model home leasebacks, a ground lease, equipment, and storage units. We assess each of these contracts to determine whether the arrangement contains a lease as defined by ASC 842, Leases. Lease obligations were $73.0 million and $79.0 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We recorded lease expense of approximately $4.3 million and $14.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $4.6 million and $16.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, within General and administrative expenses on our unaudited Condensed consolidated statements of operations.