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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation — The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes included in our 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all normal and recurring adjustments that are considered necessary for the fair presentation of our results for the interim periods presented. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full fiscal year.

Unless otherwise stated, amounts are shown in U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities recorded in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments resulting from this process are recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity.
Discontinued Operations
Discontinued Operations – As a result of our decision in December 2014 to divest of Monarch Corporation (“Monarch”), our former Canadian operating segment, the operating results and financial position of the Monarch business are presented as discontinued operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.
Non-controlling interests
Non-controlling interests – In connection with a series of transactions consummated at the time of the Company’s IPO (the “Reorganization Transactions”), the Company became the sole owner of the general partner of TMM Holdings II Limited Partnership (“New TMM”). As the general partner of New TMM, the Company exercises exclusive and complete control over New TMM. Consequently, the Company consolidates New TMM and records a non-controlling interest in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for the economic interests in New TMM, that are directly or indirectly held by a consortium comprised of affiliates of TPG Global, LLC (the “TPG Entities” or “TPG”), investment funds managed by Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. (“Oaktree”) or their respective subsidiaries (the “Oaktree Entities”), and affiliates of JH Investments, Inc. (“JH” and together with the TPG Entities and Oaktree Entities, the “Principal Equityholders”) or by members of management and the Board of Directors.
Joint Ventures
Joint Ventures – We consolidate certain joint ventures in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC) Topic 810, “Consolidation.” The income from the percentage of the joint venture not owned by us is presented as “Net income attributable to non-controlling interests - joint ventures” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Reclassifications
Reclassifications – Prior period amounts related to debt issuance costs have been reclassified to conform with current period financial statement presentation as a result of adopting Accounting Standards Update (“ASU) 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. Approximately $19.9 million of such costs as of December 31, 2015 have been reclassified from prepaid expenses and other assets, net to their respective debt liability.
Business Combinations
Business Combinations — Acquisitions are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 805-10, Business Combinations. In connection with our acquisitions, we determined we obtained control of a business and its inputs, processes and outputs in exchange for cash and other consideration. All material assets and liabilities, including contingent consideration, were measured and recognized at fair value as of the date of the acquisition to reflect the purchase price paid, which resulted in goodwill for each transaction. Refer to Note 3 - Business Combinations for further information regarding the purchase price allocation and related acquisition accounting.

Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates include real estate development costs to complete, valuation of real estate, valuation of acquired assets, valuation of goodwill, valuation of equity awards, valuation allowance on deferred tax assets and reserves for warranty and self-insured risks. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Non-controlling Interests - Principal Equityholders
Non-controlling Interests – Principal Equityholders — Immediately prior to our IPO, as part of the Reorganization Transactions, the existing holders of limited partnership interests of TMM Holdings Limited Partnership (“TMM Holdings”) exchanged their limited partnership interests for limited partnership interests of New TMM (“New TMM Units”). For each New TMM Unit received in the exchange, the holders of New TMM Units also received a corresponding number of shares of our Class B Common Stock (the “Class B Common Stock”). Our Class B Common Stock has voting rights but no economic rights. One share of Class B Common Stock, together with one New TMM Unit, is exchangeable into one share of our Class A Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the Exchange Agreement, dated as of April 9, 2013, among the Company, New TMM and the holders of Class B Common Stock and New TMM Units.
Real Estate Inventory
Real Estate Inventory — Inventory consists of raw land, land under development, land held for future development, land held for sale, homes under construction, completed homes and model homes. Inventory is carried at cost, less impairment, if applicable. In addition to direct carrying costs, we also capitalize interest, real estate taxes, and related development costs that benefit the entire community, such as field construction supervision and direct overhead. Home construction costs are accumulated and charged to cost of sales at home closing using the specific identification method. All other overhead costs are allocated to closed homes using the relative sales value method. These costs are capitalized to inventory from the point development begins to the point construction is completed. Changes in estimated costs to be incurred in a community (cost to complete) are generally allocated to the remaining homes on a prospective basis. For those communities that have been temporarily closed or where development has been discontinued, costs are expensed as incurred until operations resume.

We review our real estate inventory for indicators of impairment by community on a quarterly basis. In conducting our impairment analysis, we evaluate the margins on homes that have been delivered, margins on homes under sales contracts in backlog, projected margins with regard to future home sales over the life of the community, projected margins with regard to future land sales and the estimated fair value of the land itself. If indicators of impairment are present for a community, we perform an additional analysis to determine if the carrying value of the assets in that community exceeds the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets. If the carrying value of the assets does exceed their estimated undiscounted cash flows, the assets are deemed to be impaired and are recorded at fair value as of the assessment date. An impairment charge is taken in the period with a charge to cost of home closings. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, no impairment charges were recorded.

In certain cases, we may elect to cease development and/or marketing of an existing community if we believe the economic performance of the community would be maximized by deferring development for a period of time to allow for market conditions to improve. The decision may be based on financial and/or operational metrics as determined by management. If we decide to cease developing a project, we will evaluate the project for impairment and then cease future development and marketing activity until such a time when we believe that market conditions have improved and economic performance can be maximized.

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into various specific performance agreements to acquire lots. Real estate not owned under these agreements is consolidated into real estate inventory with a corresponding liability in liabilities attributable to real estate not owned under option agreements in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Land Deposits
Land Deposits — We provide deposits related to land options and land purchase contracts, which are capitalized when paid and classified as land deposits until the associated property is purchased. To the extent the deposits are non-refundable, they are charged to expense if the land acquisition process is terminated or no longer determined probable. We review the likelihood of the acquisition of contracted lots in conjunction with our periodic real estate inventory impairment analysis. Non-refundable deposits are recorded as real estate inventory in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at the time the deposit is applied to the acquisition price of the land based on the terms of the underlying agreements.
Investments in Consolidated and Unconsolidated Entities
Investments in Consolidated and Unconsolidated Entities
Consolidated Joint Ventures — In the ordinary course of business, we participate in strategic land development and homebuilding joint ventures with third parties. The use of these entities, in some instances, enables us to acquire land to which we could not otherwise obtain access, or could not obtain access on terms that are as favorable. Some of these joint ventures develop land for the sole use of the venture participants and others develop land for sale to the venture participants and to unrelated builders. In addition, we are involved with third parties who are involved in land development and homebuilding activities, including home sales. We review such contracts to determine whether they are a variable interest entity ("VIE"). In accordance with ASC Topic 810, “Consolidation,” for each VIE, we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary by first determining if we have the ability to control the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect its economic performance. Such activities include, but are not limited to, the ability to determine the budget and scope of land development work, if any; the ability to control financing decisions for the VIE; the ability to acquire additional land into the VIE or dispose of land in the VIE not under contract with us; and the ability to change or amend the existing option contract with the VIE. If we are not able to control such activities, we are not considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE. If we do have the ability to control such activities, we continue our analysis to determine if we are expected to absorb a potentially significant amount of the VIE’s losses or, if no party absorbs the majority of such losses, if we will potentially benefit from a significant amount of the VIE’s expected returns. For these entities in which we are expected to absorb the losses or benefits, we consolidate the results in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Unconsolidated Joint Ventures — We use the equity method of accounting for entities over which we exercise significant influence but do not have a controlling interest over the operating and financial policies of the investee. For unconsolidated entities in which we function as the managing member, we have evaluated the rights held by our joint venture partners and determined that they have substantive participating rights that preclude the presumption of control. For joint ventures accounted for using the equity method, our share of net earnings or losses is included in equity in income/loss of unconsolidated entities when earned and distributions are credited against our investment in the joint venture when received. These joint ventures are recorded in investments in unconsolidated entities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We evaluate our investments in unconsolidated entities for indicators of impairment quarterly. A series of operating losses of an investee or other factors may indicate that a decrease in value of our investment in the unconsolidated entity has occurred which is other-than-temporary. The amount of impairment recognized is the excess of the investment’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. Additionally, we consider various qualitative factors to determine if a decrease in the value of the investment is other-than-temporary. These factors include age of the venture, stage in its life cycle, intent and ability for us to recover our investment in the entity, financial condition and long-term prospects of the entity, short-term liquidity needs of the unconsolidated entity, trends in the general economic environment of the land, entitlement status of the land held by the unconsolidated entity, overall projected returns on investment, defaults under contracts with third parties (including bank debt), recoverability of the investment through future cash flows and relationships with the other partners. If the Company believes that the decline in the fair value of the investment is temporary, then no impairment is recorded.
Goodwill
Goodwill — The excess of the purchase price of a business acquisition over the net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is capitalized as goodwill in accordance with ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”).
ASC 350 requires that goodwill and intangible assets that do not have finite lives not be amortized, but rather assessed for impairment at least annually or more frequently if certain impairment indicators are present. We perform our annual impairment test during the fourth quarter or whenever impairment indicators are present.
Stock Based Compensation
Stock Based Compensation We have stock options, performance-based restricted stock units and non-performance based restricted stock units which we account for in accordance with ASC Topic 718-10, “Compensation — Stock Compensation.” The fair value for stock options is measured and estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and recognized evenly over the vesting period of the options. Performance-based restricted stock units are measured using the closing price on the date of grant and expensed using a probability of attainment calculation which determines the likelihood of achieving the performance targets. Non-performance based restricted stock units are time based awards and measured using the closing price on the date of grant and are expensed ratably over the vesting period on a straight-line basis.
Treasury Stock
Treasury Stock — We account for treasury stock in accordance with ASC Topic 505-30, “Equity - Treasury Stock.” Repurchased shares are reflected as a reduction in Stockholders’ Equity and subsequent sale of repurchased shares are recognized as a change in Equity. When factored into our weighted average calculations for purposes of earnings per share, the number of repurchased shares is based on the trade date.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
Home closings revenue, net — Home closings revenue is recorded using the completed-contract method of accounting at the time each home is delivered, title and possession are transferred to the buyer, we have no significant continuing involvement with the home, risk of loss has transferred, the buyer has demonstrated sufficient investment in the property, and the receivable, if any, from the homeowner or escrow agent is not subject to future subordination.

We typically grant our homebuyers certain sales incentives, including cash discounts, incentives on options included in the home, option upgrades, and seller-paid financing or closing costs. Incentives and discounts are accounted for as a reduction in the sales price of the home and home closings revenue is shown net of discounts. We also receive rebates from certain vendors and these rebates are accounted for as a reduction to cost of home closings.

Land closings revenue — Revenue from land sales are recognized when title is transferred to the buyer, there is no significant continuing involvement, and the buyer has demonstrated sufficient investment in the property sold. If the buyer has not made an adequate investment in the property, the profit on such sales is deferred until these conditions are met.

Mortgage operations revenue — Loan origination fees (including title fees, points, closing costs) are recognized at the time the related real estate transactions are completed, usually upon the close of escrow. All of the loans TMHF originates are sold to third party investors within a short period of time, on a non-recourse basis. Gains and losses from the sale of mortgages are recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 860-20, “Sales of Financial Assets.” TMHF does not have continuing involvement with the transferred assets, therefore we derecognize the mortgage loans at time of sale, based on the difference between the selling price and carrying value of the related loans upon sale, recording a gain/loss on sale in the period of sale.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements — In August 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 provides guidance on how to disclose cash payments and cash receipts relating to eight specific cash flow issues in order to improve consistency among filers. This amendment will be effective for us in our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-15 will have on our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”). ASU 2016-09 is intended to simplify several areas of stock compensation including its tax consequences, liability vs. equity classification, and statement of cash flows presentation. ASU 2016-09 will be effective for us in our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017. We expect ASU 2016-09 to affect the amount of tax expense and deductions for stock based compensation in 2017 and in future periods, the magnitude of which will be based on the changes in performance awards issued and outstanding, and based on the amount of vested and exercised awards.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 primarily impacts off-balance sheet operating leases and will require such leases, with the exception of short-term leases, to be recorded on the balance sheet. Lessor accounting is not significantly impacted by the new guidance, however certain updates were made to align lessee and lessor treatment. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for us in our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019. We do not believe the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which provides guidance for revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets and supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance. This ASU also supersedes some cost guidance included in ASC Subtopic 605-35, Revenue Recognition-Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts. The standard’s core principle is that an entity will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, entities will generally need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under current guidance. These may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. ASU 2014-09 has been deferred and will be effective beginning January 1, 2018 and, at that time, we will adopt the new standard under either the full retrospective approach or the modified retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the method and impact the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.