Income Taxes

The components of income from continuing operations before income taxes for the periods indicated are as follows (in millions):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2013		2012		2011
Domestic	$	233.4	$	184.5	$	160.4
Foreign	6.8		8.2		(1.1		)
Total	$	240.2	$	192.7	$	159.3

The provision for income taxes from continuing operations for the periods indicated consists of the following (in millions):



	Years Ended December 31,
	2013			2012			2011
Current:
Federal	$	77.0		$	48.7		$	21.9
Foreign	1.7			0.3			0.1
State and local	10.9			12.4			1.3
	$	89.6		$	61.4		$	23.3
Deferred:
Federal	$	0.5		$	15.2		$	35.0
Foreign	(1.5		)	1.1			(1.7		)
State and local	3.9			(1.6		)	5.2
	$	2.9		$	14.7		$	38.5
Provision for income taxes	$	92.5		$	76.1		$	61.8

The benefit from income taxes from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 totaled $2.4 million and $4.5 million, respectively. The provision for income taxes from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2011 totaled $6.2 million.

The tax effects of significant items comprising the Company’s net deferred tax liability as of the dates indicated are as follows (in millions):



	December 31,
	2013			2012
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued self-insurance	$	27.2		$	22.4
Operating loss carryforward	9.0			10.6
Compensation and benefits	22.3			8.3
Bad debt	5.8			3.9
Other	9.3			9.9
Valuation allowance	(0.1		)	(2.0		)
Total deferred tax assets	$	73.5		$	53.1
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	$	92.6		$	62.6
Goodwill	44.8			32.8
Other intangible assets	32.6			26.7
Gain on remeasurement of equity investee	11.3			11.1
Long-term contracts	17.0			16.5
Other	13.8			19.5
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	212.1		$	169.2
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(138.6	)	$	(116.1	)

Total net current and noncurrent deferred tax balances included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of the dates indicated are as follows (in millions):



	December 31,
	2013			2012
Net current deferred tax assets	$	16.3		$	3.3
Net noncurrent deferred tax liabilities	(154.9		)	(119.4		)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(138.6	)	$	(116.1	)

In assessing the ability to realize deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which these temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the projected future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The Company has recorded valuation allowances against its deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, which relate primarily to foreign net operating loss carryforwards.

The Company has certain state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards. The tax effect of the Company's state net operating loss carryforwards, which may be carried forward between 5 and 20 years depending on the jurisdiction, is approximately $5.3 million as of December 31, 2013. The tax effect of the Company’s foreign net operating loss carryforwards is approximately $3.7 million as of December 31, 2013. These foreign net operating loss carryforwards are primarily related to the Company’s Canadian operations and begin to expire in 2015.

As of December 31, 2013, the Company has not made a provision for U.S. income taxes on unremitted foreign earnings because such earnings are intended to be indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. Generally, such amounts become subject to U.S. taxation upon the remittance of dividends and certain other circumstances.

A reconciliation of the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate related to pretax income from continuing operations to the effective tax rate is as follows:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2013		2012		2011
U.S. statutory federal rate applied to pretax income	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit	4.0		3.4		3.5
Foreign tax rate differential	(0.4	)	(0.4	)	0.1
Non-deductible expenses	2.4		2.1		1.7
Change in state tax rate	1.2		0.2		0.2
Domestic production activities deduction	(2.5	)	(1.6	)	(0.9	)
Other	(0.8	)	1.2		0.0
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	(0.4	)	(0.4	)	(0.8	)
Effective income tax rate	38.5	%	39.5	%	38.8	%

An entity may only recognize or continue to recognize tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold. In the ordinary course of business, there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying income tax positions. The Company assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based on management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company has recognized the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the Company’s financial statements. Management believes that the Company has not taken material tax positions that would be deemed to be “uncertain,” therefore, the Company has not established a liability for uncertain positions as of December 31, 2013 or 2012.