UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
x	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018

 OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to __________

Commission file number: 000-55201

Healthcare Trust, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Maryland	38-3888962
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
405 Park Ave., 3rd Floor New York, NY	10022
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)
(212) 415-6500
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: Common stock, $0.01 par value per share (Title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ¨	Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer x	Smaller reporting company ¨
	Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes x No

There is no established public market for the registrant's shares of common stock.

As of February 28, 2019, the registrant had 91,879,977 shares of common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement to be delivered to stockholders in connection with the registrant's 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. The registrant intends to file its proxy statement within 120 days after its fiscal year end.

HEALTHCARE TRUST, INC.

FORM 10-K

Year Ended December 31, 2018

PART I		Page
Item 1.	Business	5
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	15
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	45
Item 2.	Properties	45
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	48
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	48
PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	49
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	52
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	53
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	84
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	85
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	85
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	85
Item 9B.	Other Information	85
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	87
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	87
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	87
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	87
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	87
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	88
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	92
SIGNATURES		93

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Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forward-looking statements. Those statements include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of Healthcare Trust, Inc. ("we," "our" or "us") and members of our management team, as well as the assumptions on which such statements are based, and generally are identified by the use of words such as "may," "will," "seeks," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "plans," "intends," "should" or similar expressions. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. Further, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results over time, unless required by law.

The following are some of the risks and uncertainties, although not all risks and uncertainties, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those presented in our forward-looking statements:

• Certain of our executive officers and directors are also officers, managers, employees or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in Healthcare Trust Advisors, LLC (our "Advisor") and other entities affiliated with AR Global Investments, LLC (the successor business to AR Capital, LLC, "AR Global"), the parent of our sponsor. As a result, certain of our executive officers and directors, our Advisor and its affiliates face conflicts of interest, including significant conflicts created by our Advisor's compensation arrangements with us and other investment programs advised by affiliates of AR Global and conflicts in allocating time among these investment programs and us. These conflicts could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.

• Due to a dispute with the developer, we have funded excess development costs at our development property in Jupiter, Florida and have not yet received any rental income from the property. There can be no assurance as to when we will begin to generate cash from this investment, if at all.

• Because investment opportunities that are suitable for us may also be suitable for other investment programs advised by affiliates of AR Global, our Advisor and its affiliates face conflicts of interest relating to the purchase of properties and other investments and such conflicts may not be resolved in our favor, meaning that we could invest in less attractive assets, which could reduce the investment return to our stockholders.

• Although we intend to seek a listing of our shares of common stock on a national stock exchange when we believe market conditions are favorable to do so, there is no assurance that our shares of common stock will be listed. No public market currently exists, or may ever exist, for shares of our common stock and our shares are, and may continue to be, illiquid.

• We focus on acquiring and owning a diversified portfolio of healthcare-related assets located in the United States and are subject to risks inherent in concentrating investments in the healthcare industry.

• If our Advisor loses or is unable to obtain qualified personnel, our ability to continue to achieve our investment strategies could be delayed or hindered.

• The healthcare industry is heavily regulated, and new laws or regulations, changes to existing laws or regulations, loss of licensure or failure to obtain licensure could result in the inability of tenants to make lease payments to us.

• We are depending on our Advisor to select investments and conduct our operations. Adverse changes in the financial condition of our Advisor and its affiliates or our relationship with our Advisor could adversely affect us.

• We are obligated to pay fees, which may be substantial, to our Advisor and its affiliates.

• Our revenue is dependent upon the success and economic viability of our tenants, as well as our ability to collect rent from defaulting tenants, which has and may continue to adversely impact our results of operations, and replace them with new tenants, which we may not be able to do on a timely basis, or at all.

• We may not be able to achieve our rental rate objectives on new and renewal leases and our expenses could be greater than we anticipate, which may impact our results of operations.

• Increases in interest rates could increase the amount of our debt payments and limit our ability to pay distributions.

• Provisions in our revolving credit facility (our "Revolving Credit Facility") and the related term loan facility (our "Term Loan"), which together comprise our senior secured credit facility (our "New Credit Facility"), currently restrict us from increasing the rate we pay distributions to our stockholders, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue paying distributions at the current rate, or at all.

• We have not generated, and in the future may not generate, operating cash flows sufficient to fund all of the distributions we pay to our stockholders, and, as such, we may be forced to fund distributions from other sources, including borrowings, which may not be available on favorable terms, or at all.

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• Any distributions, especially those not covered by our cash flows from operations, may reduce the amount of capital available for other purposes, including investment in properties and other permitted investments and may negatively impact the value of our stockholders' investment.

• We are subject to risks associated with any dislocations or liquidity disruptions that may exist or occur in the credit markets of the United States from time to time.

• We are subject to risks associated with changes in general economic, business and political conditions including the possibility of intensified international hostilities, acts of terrorism, and changes in conditions of United States or international lending, capital and financing markets.

• We may fail to continue to qualify to be treated as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes ("REIT"), which would result in higher taxes, may adversely affect our operations and would reduce the value of an investment in our common stock and the cash available for distributions.

• The offering price and repurchase price for our shares under our distribution reinvestment plan ("DRIP") and our share repurchase program (as amended, the "SRP") may not, among other things, accurately reflect the value of our assets and may not represent what a stockholder may receive on a sale of the shares, what they may receive upon a liquidation of our assets and distribution of the net proceeds or what a third party may pay to acquire us.

In addition, we describe risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially in "Risk Factors" (Part I, Item 1A), "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" (Part II, Item 7A), and "Management's Discussion and Analysis" (Part II, Item 7) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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PART I

Item 1. Business

We invest in healthcare real estate, focusing on seniors housing properties and medical office buildings ("MOB"), located in the United States. As of December 31, 2018, we owned 191 properties located in 31 states and comprised of 9.1 million rentable square feet.

We were incorporated on October 15, 2012 as a Maryland corporation that elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2013. Substantially all of our business is conducted through Healthcare Trust Operating Partnership, L.P. (our "OP").

In February 2013, we commenced our initial public offering ("IPO") on a "reasonable best efforts" basis of up to $1.7 billion of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, at a price of $25.00 per share, subject to certain volume and other discounts. We closed our IPO in November 2014 and as of such date we had received cumulative proceeds of $2.0 billion from our IPO. As of December 31, 2018, we have received total proceeds of $2.3 billion, net of shares repurchased under the SRP (see Note 8 — Common Stock to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) and including $292.0 million in proceeds received under the DRIP.

On April 3, 2018, we published a new estimate of per share asset value ("Estimated Per-Share NAV") equal to $20.25 as of December 31, 2017. Our previous Estimated Per-Share NAV was equal to $21.45 as of December 31, 2016. We intend to publish Estimated Per-Share NAV periodically at the discretion of the Board, provided that such estimates will be made at least once annually.

We have no employees. The Advisor has been retained by us to manage our affairs on a day-to-day basis. We have retained the Healthcare Trust Properties, LLC (the "Property Manager") to serve as our property manager. The Advisor and Property Manager are under common control with AR Global, and these related parties receive compensation, fees and expense reimbursements for services related to managing our business and investments. Healthcare Trust Special Limited Partnership, LLC (the "Special Limited Partner"), which is also under common control with AR Global, also has an interest in us through ownership of interests in our OP.

On December 22, 2017, we purchased all of the membership interests in indirect subsidiaries of American Realty Capital Healthcare Trust III, Inc. (“HT III”) that own the 19 properties which comprised substantially all of HT III’s assets (the “Asset Purchase”), pursuant to a purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), dated as of June 16, 2017. HT III was sponsored and advised by an affiliate of our Advisor.

Portfolio Summary

The following table summarizes our portfolio of properties as of December 31, 2018:

Asset Type	Number of Properties	Rentable Square Feet	Gross Asset Value (1)		Gross Asset Value %
			(In thousands)
Medical office and outpatient	111	3,886,201	$	1,055,873	40.9	%
Seniors housing	62	4,254,960	1,155,763		44.8	%
Hospitals, post-acute and other	18	1,001,278	367,599		14.3	%
Total	191	9,142,439	$	2,579,235	100.0	%

_______________

⁽¹⁾  Gross Asset Value represents the total real estate investments, at cost, assets held for sale at carrying value, net of gross market lease intangible liabilities.

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In constructing our portfolio, we are committed to a strategy dedicated to diversification of geography. The following table details the geographic distribution, by region, of our portfolio as of December 31, 2018:

Geographic Region	Number of Properties	Annualized Rental Income (1)		Rentable Square Feet
		(In thousands)
Northeast	17	$	40,862	1,572,523
South	70	138,278		3,498,134
Midwest	74	121,453		2,653,337
West	30	48,019		1,418,445
Total	191	$	348,612	9,142,439

_______________

(1) Annualized rental income on a straight-line basis for the leases in place in the property portfolio as of December 31, 2018, which includes tenant concessions such as free rent, as applicable, as well as gross revenue from our SHOPs (as defined below).

Business Strategy

We seek to protect and enhance long-term stockholder value by creating stable, reliable and growing income streams generated through the ownership of a balanced and diversified portfolio of healthcare real estate. Our investment strategy is guided by three core principles: (1) maintaining a balanced, well-diversified portfolio of high quality assets; (2) pursuing accretive and opportunistic investment opportunities; and (3) maintaining a strong and flexible capital structure.

We have invested, and expect to continue investing, primarily in MOBs and seniors housing properties. In addition, we may invest in facilities leased to hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, long-term acute care centers, surgery centers, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, special medical and diagnostic service providers, laboratories, research firms, pharmaceutical and medical supply manufacturers and health insurance firms. While we may invest in facilities across the healthcare continuum, our primary investment focus going forward is MOBs and Seniors Housing — Operating Properties ("SHOP"). Our SHOP investments are held through a structure permitted under the provisions of RIDEA (as defined below). We generally acquire a fee interest in any property we acquire (a "fee interest" is the absolute, legal possession and ownership of land, property, or rights), although we may also acquire a leasehold interest (a "leasehold interest" is a right to enjoy the exclusive possession and use of an asset or property for a stated definite period as created by a written lease). We have and may continue to acquire properties through a joint venture or the acquisition of substantially all of the interests of an entity which in turn owns the real property. We also may make preferred equity investments in an entity.

We have, and may in the future, enter into management agreements with healthcare operators to manage communities that are placed in a structure permitted by the REIT Investment Diversification Empowerment Act of 2007 ("RIDEA"). Under the provisions of RIDEA, a REIT may lease "qualified healthcare properties" on an arm's length basis to a taxable REIT subsidiary ("TRS") if the property is operated on behalf of such subsidiary by a person who qualifies as an "eligible independent contractor." We view RIDEA as a structure primarily to be used on properties that present attractive valuation entry points with long term growth prospects or drive growth by: (i) transitioning the asset to a new operator that can bring scale, operating efficiencies, or ancillary services; or (ii) investing capital to reposition the asset.

A smaller part of our business may involve originating or acquiring loans secured by or related to the same types of properties in which we may invest directly. Likewise, we may invest in securities of publicly-traded and private companies primarily engaged in real estate businesses, including REITs and other real estate operating companies, and securities issued by pass-through entities of which substantially all of the assets consist of qualifying assets or real estate-related assets. For example, we may purchase the common stock, preferred stock, debt, or other securities of these entities or options to acquire these securities. Examples of loans we may invest in include, but are not limited to, investments in first, second and third mortgage loans, wraparound mortgage loans, construction mortgage loans on real property and loans on leasehold interest mortgages. We also may invest in participations in mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans unsecured loans.

Maintaining a Balanced, Well Diversified Portfolio of High Quality Assets

We seek balance and diversity within our portfolio. This extends to the mix of tenancy, geography, operator/managers and payors within our facilities.

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As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, none of our tenants (together with their affiliates) had annualized rental income on a straight-line basis representing 10% or greater of total annualized rental income on a straight-line basis for the portfolio.

The following table lists the states where we had concentrations of properties where annualized rental income on a straight-line basis represented 10% or more of consolidated annualized rental income on a straight-line basis for all properties as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:

	December 31,
State	2018	2017	2016
Florida	16.6%	17.5%	19.3%
Georgia	10.1%	10.7%	10.2%
Iowa	*	*	10.5%
Michigan	13.1%	11.6%	*
Pennsylvania	10.2%	10.8%	12.0%

_______________

* State's annualized rental income on a straight-line basis was not greater than 10% of total annualized rental income on a straight-line basis for all portfolio properties as of the period specified.

Investing in Healthcare-related Facilities

Healthcare-related facilities include MOBs and outpatient facilities, seniors housing properties, such as assisted and independent living and memory care facilities, as well as hospitals, inpatient rehabilitation hospitals, long-term acute care centers, surgery centers, skilled nursing facilities, specialty medical and diagnostic facilities, research laboratories and pharmaceutical buildings. While we may invest in facilities across the healthcare continuum, our primary investment focus going forward is MOBs and SHOPs.

Medical Office Building and Outpatient Facilities

As of December 31, 2018, we owned 111 MOBs and outpatient facilities totaling 3.9 million square feet. These facilities typically contain physicians' offices and examination rooms, and may also include pharmacies, hospital ancillary service space and outpatient services such as diagnostic imaging centers, rehabilitation clinics and ambulatory surgery centers. These facilities can be located on or near hospital campuses and require significant plumbing, electrical and mechanical systems to accommodate diagnostic imaging equipment such as x-rays or other imaging equipment, and may also have significant plumbing to accommodate physician exam rooms. In addition, MOBs are often built to accommodate higher structural loads for certain equipment and may contain specialized construction such as cancer radiation therapy vaults for cancer treatment.

There are a variety of types of MOBs: on campus, off campus, affiliated and non-affiliated. On campus MOBs are physically located on a hospital's campus, often on land leased from the hospital. A hospital typically creates strong tenant demand which leads to high tenant retention. Off campus properties are located independent of a hospital's location. Affiliated MOBs may be located on campus or off campus, but are affiliated with a hospital or health system. In some respects, affiliated MOBs are similar to on campus MOBs because the hospital relationship drives tenant demand and retention. Finally, non-affiliated MOBs are not affiliated with any hospital or health system, but may contain physician offices and other healthcare services. We favor affiliated MOBs versus non-affiliated MOBs because of the relationship and synergy with the sponsoring hospital or health system and buildings not affiliated with the hospital or health system but anchored or entirely occupied by a long-tenured physician practice.

The following table reflects the on campus, off campus, affiliated and non-affiliated MOB composition of our portfolio as of December 31, 2018:

MOB Classification	Number of Buildings	Rentable Square Feet
On Campus	21	1,248,668
Off Campus	90	2,637,533
Total	111	3,886,201
Affiliated	84	3,141,339
Non-affiliated	27	744,862
Total	111	3,886,201

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Seniors Housing Properties

As of December 31, 2018, we owned 58 seniors housing properties under a structure permitted by RIDEA, our SHOP segment, and four seniors housing properties under long term leases, which are included within our triple net leased healthcare facilities segment. Under RIDEA, a REIT may lease qualified healthcare properties on an arm's length basis to a TRS if the property is operated on behalf of such subsidiary by a person who qualifies as an eligible independent contractor. Seniors housing properties primarily consist of independent living facilities, assisted living facilities and memory care facilities. These facilities cater to different segments of the elderly population based upon their personal needs and need for assistance with the activities of daily living. Services provided by our operators or tenants in these facilities are primarily paid for by the residents directly and are less reliant on government reimbursement programs such as Medicaid and Medicare.

Assisted Living and Memory Care Facilities

Assisted living facilities are licensed care facilities that provide personal care services, support and housing for those who need help with activities of daily living, such as bathing, eating and dressing, yet require limited medical care. The programs and services may include transportation, social activities, exercise and fitness programs, beauty or barber shop access, hobby and craft activities, community excursions, meals in a dining room setting and other activities sought by residents. ALFs are often in apartment-like buildings with private residences ranging from single rooms to large apartments. Certain ALFs may offer a separate facility that provides a higher level of care for residents requiring memory care as a result of Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia. Levels of personal assistance are based in part on local regulations. As of December 31, 2018, our seniors housing properties included approximately 2,425 assisted living units and 1,139 memory care units.

Independent Living Facilities

Independent living facilities are designed to meet the needs of seniors who choose to live in an environment surrounded by their peers with services such as housekeeping, meals and activities. These residents generally do not need assistance with activities of daily living, however, in some of our facilities, residents have the option to contract for these services. As of December 31, 2018, our seniors housing properties included 1,012 independent living units. However, independent living facilities on their own are not treated as qualified health care properties eligible to be held through a RIDEA structure.

Hospitals, Post-Acute Care and Other Facilities

Our hospitals, post-acute care and other facilities are leased to tenants that provide healthcare services. As of December 31, 2018, we owned 18 other healthcare-related assets, including hospitals and post-acute care facilities. Hospitals can include general acute care hospitals, inpatient rehabilitation hospitals, long-term acute care hospitals and surgical and specialty hospitals. These facilities provide inpatient diagnosis and treatment, both medical and surgical, and provide a broad array of inpatient and outpatient services including surgery, rehabilitation therapy as well as diagnostic and treatment services. Post-acute facilities offer restorative, rehabilitative and custodial care for people not requiring the more extensive and complex treatment available at acute care hospitals. Ancillary revenues and revenues from sub-acute care services are derived from providing services beyond room and board and include occupational, physical, speech, respiratory and intravenous therapy, wound care, oncology treatment, brain injury care and orthopedic therapy, as well as sales of pharmaceutical products and other services. Certain facilities provide some of the foregoing services on an outpatient basis. Inpatient rehabilitation services provided by our operators and tenants in these facilities are primarily paid for by private sources or through the Medicare and Medicaid programs.

Healthcare Industry

Healthcare is the single largest industry in the United States based on Gross Domestic Product ("GDP"). According to the National Health Expenditures Projections, 2018 - 2027 report by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS"): (i) national health expenditures are projected to grow 4.8% in 2019 and at an average annual growth rate of 5.5% for 2018 through 2027 and (ii) the healthcare industry is projected to increase from 17.9% of U.S. GDP in 2017 to 19.4% by 2027. This growth in expenditures is projected to lead to significant growth in healthcare employment. According to the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics, the healthcare industry was one of the largest industries in the United States, providing approximately 20.2 million seasonally adjusted jobs as of December 31, 2018. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of healthcare occupations (healthcare practitioners and technical occupations and healthcare support) is projected to grow 18% from 2016 to 2026, adding approximately 2.4 million new jobs. This growth is expected due to an aging population and the projected increase in the number of individuals who have access to health insurance. We believe that the continued growth in employment in the healthcare industry will lead to growth in demand for medical office buildings and other facilities that serve the healthcare industry.

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In addition to the growth in national health expenditures and corresponding increases in employment in the healthcare sector, the nature of healthcare delivery continues to evolve due to the impact of government programs, regulatory changes and consumer preferences. We believe these changes have increased the need for capital among healthcare providers and increased incentives for these providers to develop more efficient real estate solutions in order to enhance the delivery of quality healthcare. In particular, we believe the following demographic factors and trends are creating an attractive environment in which to invest in healthcare properties.

Demographics

The aging of the U.S. population has a direct effect on the demand for healthcare as older persons generally utilize healthcare services at a rate well in excess of younger people. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (the "CDC"), 6.9% of all adults aged 65 years and over during the first half of 2018 needed help with personal care from another person. For both sexes combined, adults aged 85 years and over (19.6%) were nearly three times as likely as adults aged 75 to 84 (8.7%) to need help with personal care from other persons; adults aged 85 and over were nearly six times as likely as adults aged 65 to 74 (3.7%) to need help with personal care from other persons.  Also, according to the CDC, symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease generally do not appear until after the age of 60. Starting at age 65, the risk of developing the disease doubles every five years, and is the sixth leading cause of death among all adults and the fifth leading cause for those aged 65 or older. Up to 5 million Americans currently have Alzheimer’s disease and by 2060 the number is expected to more than triple to 14 million due to the aging of the population.

We believe that the aging population, improved chronic disease management, technological advances and healthcare reform will positively affect the demand for medical office buildings, seniors housing properties and other healthcare-related facilities and generate attractive investment opportunities. The first wave of Baby Boomers, the largest segment of the U.S. population, began turning 65 in 2011. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the U.S. population over 65 will grow to 1.6 billion in 2050, up from 47 million in 2015. This group will grow more rapidly than the overall population.  Thus, its share of the population will increase to 16.7% in 2050, from 8% in 2015. Patients with diseases that were once life threatening are now being treated with specialized medical care and an arsenal of new pharmaceuticals. Advances in research, diagnostics, surgical procedures, pharmaceuticals and a focus on healthier lifestyles have led to people living longer. Finally, we believe that healthcare reform in the United States will continue to drive an increase in demand for medical services, and in particular, in the post-acute and long term services which our tenants and operators provide.

Pursuing Accretive and Opportunistic Investment Opportunities

Depending upon market conditions, we believe that new investments will be available in the future which will be accretive to our earnings and will generate attractive returns to our stockholders. We invest in medical office buildings, seniors housing and certain other healthcare real estate primarily through acquisitions, although we may also do so through development and joint venture partnerships. In determining whether to invest in a property, we focus on the following: (1) the experience of the obligor's/partner's management team; (2) the historical and projected financial and operational performance of the property; (3) the credit of the obligor/partner; (4) the security for any lease or loan; (5) the real estate attributes of the building, its age and location; (6) the capital committed to the property by the obligor/partner; and (7) the operating fundamentals of the applicable industry. We conduct market research and analysis for all potential investments. In addition, we review the value of all properties, the interest rates and covenant requirements of any facility-level debt to be assumed at the time of the acquisition and the anticipated sources of repayment of any existing debt that is not to be assumed at the time of the acquisition.

We monitor our investments through a variety of methods determined by the type of property. Our proactive and comprehensive asset management process generally includes review of monthly financial statements and other operating data for each property, review of obligor/partner creditworthiness, property inspections, and review of covenant compliance relating to licensure, real estate taxes, letters of credit and other collateral. Our Advisor's internal asset managers actively manage and monitor the medical office building portfolio with a comprehensive process including tenant relations, lease expirations, the mix of health service providers, hospital/health system relationships, property performance, capital improvement needs, and market conditions among other things. In monitoring our portfolio, our Advisor's personnel use a proprietary database to collect and analyze property-specific data. Additionally, we conduct extensive research to ascertain industry trends.

Maintaining a Strong and Flexible Capital Structure

We utilize a combination of debt and equity to fund our investment activity. Our debt and equity levels are determined by management in consultation with the Board. For short-term purposes, we may borrow from our Revolving Credit Facility and our Fannie Mae Master Credit Facilities, which include a secured credit facility (the "KeyBank Facility") with KeyBank together with a secured credit facility (the "Capital One Facility") with Capital One Multifamily Finance, LLC, an affiliate of Capital One (the Capital One Facility and the KeyBank Facility are referred to herein individually as a "Fannie Mae Master Credit Facility" and together as the "Fannie Mae Master Credit Facilities"). On March 13, 2019, we amended and restated our existing senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Prior Credit Facility”), which was scheduled to mature on March 21, 2019, by entering into our New Credit Facility with primarily the same lenders that were lenders under the Prior Credit Facility, with Keybank National Association

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remaining as agent for the lenders. Our New Credit Facility consists of two components, the Revolving Credit Facility and our Term Loan. At the closing under our New Credit Facility, we had a total borrowing capacity thereunder of $263.1 million based on the value of the borrowing base thereunder. Of this amount, $233.6 million was outstanding including $150.0 million outstanding under our Term Loan, and $83.6 million was outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility, while $29.5 million remained available for future borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. Like the Prior Credit Facility, our New Credit Facility is secured by a pledged pool of the equity interests and related rights in wholly owned subsidiaries that directly own or lease the eligible unencumbered real estate assets comprising the borrowing base thereunder. As of December 31, 2018, the Fannie Mae Master Credit Facilities are secured by mortgages on 22 properties, in aggregate. We may seek and even replace current borrowings with longer-term capital such as senior secured or unsecured notes or other forms of long-term financing. We may invest in properties subject to existing mortgage indebtedness, which we assume as part of the acquisition. In addition, we may obtain financing secured by previously unencumbered properties in which we have invested or may refinance properties acquired on a leveraged basis. In our agreements with our lenders, we are subject to restrictions with respect to secured and unsecured indebtedness, including restrictions on permitted investments, distributions and maintenance of a maximum leverage ratio, among other things. As of December 31, 2018, our total debt leverage ratio (total debt divided by total assets) was approximately 45.2% and we had total borrowings of $1.1 billion.

Tax Status

We elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2013. Commencing with that taxable year, we have been organized and operated in a manner so that we qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code. We intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to remain qualified as a REIT. In order to continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we must, among other things, distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP")), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and must comply with a number of other organizational and operational requirements. If we continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on that portion of our REIT taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. Even if we continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local taxes on our income and properties as well as federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.

Competition

The market for MOBs, seniors housing and other healthcare-related real estate is highly competitive. We compete in all of our markets based on a number of factors that include location, rental rates, security, suitability of the property's design to prospective tenants' needs and the manner in which the property is operated and marketed. In addition, we compete with other entities engaged in real estate investment activities to locate suitable properties to acquire, tenants to occupy our properties and purchasers to buy our properties. These competitors include other REITs, private investment funds, specialty finance companies, institutional investors, pension funds and their advisors and other entities. There are also other REITs with asset acquisition objectives similar to ours, and others may be organized in the future. Some of these competitors, including larger REITs, have substantially greater marketing and financial resources than we have and generally may be able to accept more risk than we can prudently manage, including risks with respect to the creditworthiness of tenants. In addition, these same entities seek financing through similar channels.

Healthcare Regulation

Overview

The healthcare industry is one of the most regulated industries in the United States and is currently experiencing rapid regulatory change and uncertainty. The legal challenges and legislative initiatives to roll back the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the "Affordable Care Act" or "ACA") continue and the outcomes are uncertain. The regulatory uncertainty and the potential impact on our tenants and operators could have an adverse material effect on their ability to satisfy their contractual obligations.

Our tenants and operators must comply with a wide-range of complex federal, state, and local laws and regulations, and the healthcare industry, in general, is the subject to increased enforcement and penalties in all areas. Fraud and abuse continues to be an enforcement priority at both the federal and state levels including, but not limited to, the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute, the Federal Physician Self-Referral Statute (commonly known as the "Stark Law"), the FCA, the Civil Monetary Penalties Law ("CMPL"), and a range of other federal and state regulations relating to waste, cost control, and healthcare management. The business and operations of our tenants and therefore our business could be materially impacted by, among other things, a significant expansion of applicable federal, state or local laws and regulations, continued judicial and legislative changes to the ACA, future attempts to reform healthcare, new interpretations of existing laws and regulations, and changes or increased emphasis on certain enforcement priorities.

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Additionally, the ongoing political and legal challenges to the ACA leave its future uncertain. In December 2018, a Texas federal judge ruled that the ACA's individual mandate violates the Constitution and therefore the entire ACA violates the Constitution. The decision will most likely be appealed. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") responded by clarifying that the US District Court decision did not halt the enforcement of the ACA. The confusion around the state of the ACA, the shift towards less comprehensive health insurance coverage, higher deductibles, and increased consumer cost-sharing on health expenditures could have a material adverse effect on our tenants’ financial conditions and results of operations and, in turn, their ability to satisfy their contractual obligations.

Our tenants and operators are subject to extensive federal, state, and local laws, regulations and industry standards which govern business operations, physical plant and structure, patient and employee health and safety, access to facilities, patient rights - including privacy, price transparency, fewer restrictions on access to care - and security of health information. Our tenants’ and operators’ failure to comply with any of these laws could result in loss of licensure, denial of reimbursement, imposition of fines or other penalties, suspension or exclusion from the government sponsored Medicare and Medicaid programs, loss of accreditation or certification, reputational damage or closure of a facility. In addition, both government and private third-party payors will likely continue their efforts to drive down reimbursement. The Medicare and Medicaid programs have adopted a variety of initiatives which have been incorporated and expanded by private insurance carriers, including health maintenance organizations and other health plans, to extract greater discounts and impose more stringent cost controls upon healthcare provider operations. Examples include, but are not limited to, changes in reimbursement rates and methodologies such as bundled payments, capitation payments, and discounted fee structures. Our tenants and operators may also face significant limits on the scope of services reimbursed and on reimbursement rates and fees. All of these changes could impact our operators’ and tenants’ ability to pay rent or other obligations to us.

Licensure, Certification and Certificate of Need

Our tenants operate hospitals, assisted living facilities, skilled nursing facilities and other healthcare facilities that receive reimbursement for services from third-party payors, including the government sponsored Medicare and Medicaid programs and private insurance carriers. To participate in the Medicare and Medicaid programs, operators of healthcare facilities must comply with the regulations previously referenced, as well as with licensing, certification and, in 35 states plus the District of Columbia, with certificate of need (“CON”) requirements. Licensing and certification requirements also subject our tenants to compliance surveys and audits which are critical to the ongoing operations of the facilities.

In granting and renewing these licenses and certifications, the state regulatory agencies consider numerous factors relating to a facility’s operations, including, but not limited to, the plant and physical structure, admission and discharge standards, staffing, training, patient and consumer rights, medication guidelines and other rules. If an operator fails to maintain or renew any required license, certification or other regulatory approval, or to correct serious deficiencies identified in compliance surveys, the operator could be prohibited from continuing operations at a facility.

A loss of licensure or certification, as well as a change in participation status, could also adversely affect an operator's ability to receive payments from the Medicare and Medicaid programs, which, in turn, could adversely affect the operator's ability to satisfy its contractual obligations, including making rental payments under, and otherwise complying with the terms of, its leases with us. In addition, if we have to replace an operator, we may experience difficulties in finding a replacement because our ability to replace the operator may be affected by federal and state laws governing changes in control and ownership.

Similarly, in order to receive Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement, our healthcare facilities must meet the applicable conditions of participation established by HHS relating to the type of facility and its equipment, personnel and standard of medical care, as well as comply with other federal, state and local laws and regulations. Healthcare facilities undergo periodic on-site licensure surveys, which generally are limited if the facility is accredited by The Joint Commission or other recognized accreditation organizations. A loss of licensure or certification could adversely affect a facility's ability to receive payments from the Medicare and Medicaid programs, which, in turn, could adversely affect its ability to satisfy its contractual obligations, including making rental payments under, and otherwise complying with, the terms of the operator's or facility's leases with us.

In most states, skilled nursing facilities and hospitals are subject to various state CON laws requiring governmental approval prior to the development or expansion of healthcare facilities and services. The approval process in these states generally requires a facility to demonstrate the need for additional or expanded healthcare facilities or services. CONs, where applicable, can also be conditions to regulatory approval of changes in ownership or control of licensed facilities, addition of beds, investment in major capital equipment, introduction of new services, termination of services previously approved through the CON process and other control or operational changes.

In CON states, regulators are increasingly concentrating their activities on outpatient facilities and long-term care as those are expanding sectors of the health care industry. CON laws and regulations may restrict an operator's ability to expand properties and grow the operator's business in certain circumstances, which could have an adverse effect on the operator's or tenant's revenues and, in turn, negatively impact their ability to make rental payments under, and otherwise comply with the terms of their leases with us.

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Fraud and Abuse Enforcement

Various federal and state laws and regulations are aimed at actions that may constitute fraud and abuse by healthcare entities and providers who participate in, submit or cause to be submitted claims for payment to, or make or receive referrals in connection with government-funded healthcare programs, including Medicare and Medicaid. The federal laws include, for example, the following:

• The Federal Anti-Kickback Statute (42 USC Section 1320a-7b(b)(b) of the Social Security Act) which prohibits the knowing and willful solicitation, offer, payment or acceptance of any remuneration, directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind in return for: (i) referring an individual to a person for the furnishing or arranging for the furnishing of any item or service for which payment may be made in whole or in part under a federal health care program; or (ii) purchasing, leasing, ordering, or arranging for or recommending purchasing, leasing, or ordering any good, facility, service, or item for which payment may be made in whole or in party under a federal health care program;

• The Federal Physician Self-Referral Prohibition (42 USC Section 1395nn which is commonly referred as the "Stark Law"), which prohibits referrals by physicians of Medicare patients to providers of a broad range of designated healthcare services in which the physicians (or their immediate family members) have ownership interests or certain other financial arrangements, unless an exception applies, and prohibits the designated health services entity from submitting claims to Medicare for those services resulting from a prohibited referral;

• The False Claims Act ("FCA") (13 USC Sections 3729-3733) creates liability for any person who submits a false claim to the government or causes another to submit a false claim to the government or knowingly makes a false record or statement to get a false claim paid by the government. In what is known as reverse false claims, the FCA imposes liability where a person acts improperly to avoid having to pay money to the government. The FCA also creates liability for people who conspire to violate the FCA; and

• The CMPL (42 USC 1320a-7a for healthcare) authorizes HHS to impose civil penalties administratively for fraudulent acts. The scope of the Office of the Inspector General's authority to enforce the CMPL was increased in 2016.

Courts have interpreted the fraud and abuse laws broadly. Sanctions for violating these federal laws include substantial criminal and civil penalties such as punitive sanctions, damage assessments, monetary penalties, imprisonment, denial of Medicare and Medicaid payments, and exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs. These laws also impose an affirmative duty on operators to ensure that they do not employ or contract with persons excluded from the Medicare and other government programs. Many states have adopted laws similar to, or more expansive than, the federal fraud and abuse laws. States have also adopted and are enforcing laws that increase the regulatory burden and potential liability of healthcare entities including, but not limited to, patient protections, such as minimum staffing levels, criminal background checks, sanctions for employing excluded providers, restrictions on the use and disclosure of health information, and these state laws have their own penalties which may be in addition to federal penalties.

In the ordinary course of their business, the operators at our properties are regularly subject to inquiries, audits and investigations conducted by federal and state agencies that oversee applicable laws and regulations. Increased funding for investigation and enforcement efforts, accompanied by an increased pressure to eliminate government waste, has led to a significant increase in the number of investigations and enforcement actions over the past several years, a trend which is not anticipated to decrease considerably. Significant enforcement activity has been the result of actions brought by regulators, who file complaints in the name of the United States (and, if applicable, particular states) under the FCA or equivalent state statutes. Also, the qui tam and whistleblower provisions of the FCA allow private individuals to bring actions on behalf of the government alleging that the government was defrauded. Individuals have tremendous potential financial gain in bringing whistleblower claims as the statute provides that the individual will receive a portion of the money recouped. Additionally, violations of the FCA can result in treble damages.

Violations of federal or state law or FCA actions against an operator of our properties could have a material adverse effect on the operator's liquidity, financial condition or results of operations. Such a negative impact on an operator's financial health could adversely affect its ability to satisfy its contractual obligations, including making rental payments under, and otherwise complying with the terms of, its leases and other agreements with us. Federal and state fraud and abuse laws may also restrict the terms of our rental agreements with our tenants.

Privacy and Security of Health Information

Various federal and state laws protect the privacy and security of health information. For example, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, its implementing regulations and related federal laws and regulations (commonly referred to as "HIPAA") protect the privacy and security of individually identifiable health information by limiting its use and disclosure. Many states have implemented similar laws to limit the use and disclosure of patient specific health information. The federal government has increased its HIPAA enforcement efforts over the past few years, which has increased the number of audits and enforcement actions, some of which have resulted in significant penalties to healthcare providers. For example, in October

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2018, Anthem, Inc. agreed, in addition to implementing various corrective measures, to pay a record $16 million to HHS’s Office for Civil Rights in settlement of HIPAA violations stemming from the largest data breach in United States history. Violations of federal and state privacy and security laws could have a material adverse effect on the operator’s financial condition or operations, which could adversely affect its ability to satisfy its contractual obligations, including making rental payments under, and otherwise complying with the terms of, its leases and other agreements with us.

Reimbursement

The reimbursement methodologies for healthcare facilities are constantly changing and federal and state authorities may implement new or modified reimbursement methodologies that may negatively impact healthcare operations. For example, the ACA enacted certain reductions in Medicare reimbursement rates for various healthcare providers, as well as certain other changes to Medicare payment methodologies.

The ACA has faced ongoing legal challenges, including litigation seeking to invalidate some or all of the law or the manner in which it has been interpreted. The uncertain status of the ACA and of the state Medicaid programs, among other things, affect our ability to plan for the future.

Federal and state budget pressures also continue to escalate and, in an effort to address actual or potential budget shortfalls, Congress and many state legislatures may continue to enact reductions to Medicare and Medicaid expenditures through cuts in rates paid to providers or restrictions in eligibility and benefits.

The expansion in health insurance coverage under the ACA is likely going to continue to erode in 2019 as cuts in advertising and outreach during the marketplace open-enrollment periods, shorter open enrollment periods, and other changes have left many Americans uncertain about their ability to access and be eligible for coverage. Additionally, the repeal of the individual mandate penalty included in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("TCJA"), recent actions to increase the availability of insurance policies that do not include ACA minimum benefit standards, and support for Medicaid work requirements will likely impact the market. Accordingly, current and future payments under federal and state healthcare programs may not be sufficient to sustain a facility’s operations, which could adversely affect its ability to satisfy its contractual obligations, including making rental payments under, and otherwise complying with the terms of, the facility’s leases and other agreements with us.

In addition to legislative and executive actions relating to the scope of the ACA, increased enforcement will likely continue to impact the financial framework for healthcare operators and facilities. For example, CMS is focused on reducing what it considers to be payment errors by identifying, reporting, and implementing actions to reduce payment error vulnerabilities. In November 2018, CMS announced its successes in reducing the 2018 Medicare improper payment rate and specifically called out the successes of its actions to address improper payments in home health and skilled nursing facility claims.

In addition, CMS is currently in the midst of transitioning Medicare from a traditional fee for service reimbursement model to a capitated system, which means medical providers are given a set fee per patient regardless of treatment required, and value-based and bundled payment approaches, where the government pays a set amount for each beneficiary for a defined period of time, based on that person’s underlying medical needs, rather than based on the actual services provided. Providers and facilities are increasing responsible to care for and be financially responsible for certain populations of patients under the population health models and this shift in patient management paradigm is creating and will continue to create unprecedented challenges for providers.

Another notable Medicare health care reform initiative, the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (“MACRA”) established a new payment framework, called the Quality Payment Program, which modified certain Medicare payments to “eligible clinicians,” including physicians, dentists, and other practitioners. MACRA represents a fundamental change in physician reimbursement. The implications of MACRA continue to be uncertain and will depend on future regulatory activity and physician activity in the marketplace. MACRA reporting requirements and quality metrics may encourage physicians to move from smaller practices to larger physician groups or hospital employment, leading to further consolidation of the industry. These and other shifts in payment and risk sharing within an outcome-based model are leading to, among other trends, increasing use of management tools to oversee individual providers and coordinate their services. The focus on utilization puts downward pressure on the number and expense of services provided as payors are moving away from a fee for service model. The continued trend toward capitated, value-based, and bundled payment approaches has the potential to diminish the market for certain healthcare providers, particularly specialist physicians and providers of particular diagnostic technologies. This could adversely impact the medical properties that house these physicians and medical technology providers.

Certain of our facilities are also subject to periodic pre- and post-payment reviews and other audits by governmental authorities, which could result in recoupments, denials, or delay of payments. Additionally, the introduction and explosion of new stakeholders competing with traditional providers in the health market, including companies such as Amazon.com Inc., JPMorgan Chase & Co., Apple Inc., CVS Health Corporation, as well as telemedicine, telehealth and mhealth, are disrupting the heath industry and could lead to new trends in payment. All of the factors discussed-recoupment of past payments or denial or delay of future payments-could adversely affect an operator’s ability to satisfy its contractual obligations, including making rental payments under, and otherwise complying with the terms of its leases and other agreements with us.

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We regularly assess the financial implications of reimbursement rule changes on our tenants, but we cannot assure you that current rules or future updates will not materially adversely affect our operators and tenants, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on their ability to pay rent and other obligations to us. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Healthcare Industry — Reductions or changes in reimbursement from third-party payors, including Medicare and Medicaid, or delays in receiving these reimbursements could adversely affect the profitability of our tenants and hinder their ability to make rent payments to us” and “— A reduction in Medicare payment rates for skilled nursing facilities may have an adverse effect on the Medicare reimbursements received by certain of our tenants.”

Other Regulations

Our investments are subject to various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, including, among other things, zoning regulations, land use controls, environmental controls relating to air and water quality, noise pollution and indirect environmental impacts such as increased motor vehicle activity. We believe that we have all permits and approvals necessary under current law to operate our investments.

Environmental Regulations

As an owner of real property, we are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding environmental, health and safety matters. These laws and regulations address, among other things, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, fuel, oil management, wastewater discharges, air emissions, radioactive materials, medical wastes, and hazardous wastes, and in certain cases, the costs of complying with these laws and regulations and the penalties for non-compliance can be substantial. Even with respect to properties that we do not operate or manage, we may be held primarily or jointly and severally liable for costs relating to the investigation and clean-up of any property from which there is or has been an actual or threatened release of a regulated material and any other affected properties, regardless of whether we knew of or caused the release. Such costs typically are not limited by law or regulation and could exceed the property's value. In addition, we may be liable for certain other costs, such as governmental fines and injuries to persons, property or natural resources, as a result of any such actual or threatened release.

Under the terms of our lease and management agreements, we generally have a right to indemnification by the tenants, operators and managers of our properties for any contamination caused by them. However, we cannot assure you that our tenants, operators and managers will have the financial capability or willingness to satisfy their respective indemnification obligations to us, and any such inability or unwillingness to do so may require us to satisfy the underlying environmental claims.

We did not make any material capital expenditures in connection with environmental, health, and safety laws, ordinances and regulations in 2018 and do not expect that we will be required to make any such material capital expenditures during 2019.

Employees

We have no employees. Instead, the employees of our Advisor and other affiliates of AR Global perform a full range of services for us, including acquisitions, property management, accounting, legal, asset management and investor relations services. We are dependent on these affiliates for services that are essential to us, including asset acquisition decisions, property management and other general and administrative responsibilities. In the event that any of these companies were unable to provide these services to us, we would be required to provide such services ourselves by hiring our own workforce or obtaining such services from an unrelated party at potentially higher costs.

Available Information

We electronically file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and all amendments to those filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Internet address located at http://www.sec.gov. The website contains reports, proxy statements and information statements, and other information, which you may obtain free of charge. In addition, copies of our filings with the SEC may be obtained from the website maintained for us and our affiliates at www.healthcaretrustinc.com or www.ar-global.com. Access to these filings is free of charge. We are not incorporating our website or any information from these websites into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Set forth below are the risk factors that we believe are material to our investors. The occurrence of any of the risks discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, ability to pay distributions and the value of our common stock.

Risks Related to Our Properties and Operations

We have incurred net losses on a GAAP basis for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

We have incurred net losses attributable to stockholders on a GAAP basis for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 of $52.8 million, $42.5 million and $20.9 million, respectively. Our losses can be attributed, in part, to acquisition related expenses and depreciation and amortization. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any business, including the risk that the value of a stockholder's investment could decline substantially. We were incorporated on October 15, 2012. As of December 31, 2018, we owned 191 properties. We cannot assure you that, in the future, we will be profitable or that we will realize growth in the value of our assets.

We depend on our Advisor and our Property Manager to provide us with executive officers, key personnel and all services required for us to conduct our operations and our operating performance may be impacted by any adverse changes in the financial health or reputation of our Advisor.

We have no employees. Personnel and services that we require are provided to us under contracts with our Advisor and Property Manager. We depend on our Advisor and our Property Manager to manage our operations and acquire and manage our portfolio of real estate assets. Our Advisor makes all decisions with respect to the management of our company, subject to the supervision of, and any guidelines established by, the Board.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the contributions of our executive officers and other key personnel of our Advisor and our Property Manager. Neither our Advisor nor its affiliates have an employment agreement with any of these key personnel and we cannot guarantee that all, or any particular one, will remain employed by our Advisor or its affiliates and available to continue to perform services for us. If any of our key personnel were to cease their affiliation with our Advisor, our operating results, business and prospects could suffer. Further, we do not maintain key person life insurance on any person. We believe that our success depends, in large part, upon the ability of our Advisor to hire, retain or contract for services of highly skilled managerial, operational and marketing personnel. Competition for skilled personnel is intense, and there can be no assurance that our Advisor will be successful in attracting and retaining skilled personnel. If our Advisor loses or is unable to obtain the services of key personnel, our Advisor’s ability to manage our business and implement our investment strategies could be delayed or hindered, and the value of an investment in shares of our stock may decline.

On March 8, 2017, the creditor trust established in connection with the bankruptcy of RCS Capital Corp. (“RCAP”), which prior to its bankruptcy filing was under common control with our Advisor, filed suit against AR Global, our Advisor, advisors of other entities advised by affiliates of AR Global, and AR Global’s principals. The suit alleges, among other things, certain breaches of duties to RCAP. We are neither a party to the suit, nor are there allegations related to the services our Advisor provides to us. On May 26, 2017, the defendants moved to dismiss. On November 30, 2017, the court issued an opinion partially granting the defendants’ motion. On December 7, 2017, the creditor trust moved for limited reargument of the court's partial dismissal of its breach of fiduciary duty claim, and on January 10, 2018, the defendants filed a supplemental motion to dismiss certain claims. On April 5, 2018, the court issued an opinion denying the creditor trust's motion for reconsideration while partially granting the defendants' supplemental motion to dismiss. On November 5, 2018, the defendants moved for leave to amend their answers and for partial summary judgment on certain of the claims at issue in the case. The creditor trust opposed the motion, and it was argued before the court on February 6, 2019. The court has not yet ruled on the motion. On January 18, 2019, the defendants requested that the scheduling order governing the case be modified to bifurcate liability and damages issues for discovery purposes and trial. That request is also pending. Our Advisor has informed us that it believes the suit is without merit and intends to defend against it vigorously.

Our Advisor and our Property Manager depend upon the fees and other compensation that they receive from us in connection with the management of our business and sale of our properties to conduct their operations. Any adverse changes in the financial condition of, or our relationship with, our Advisor or Property Manager, including any change resulting from an adverse outcome in any litigation, could hinder their ability to successfully manage our operations and our portfolio of investments. Additionally, changes in ownership or management practices, the occurrence of adverse events affecting our Advisor or its affiliates or other companies advised by our Advisor and its affiliates could create adverse publicity and adversely affect us and our relationship with lenders, tenants or counterparties.

Our common stock is not traded on a national securities exchange, and we only repurchase shares under our SRP, in the event of death or disability of a stockholder. Our SRP may be suspended or amended at any time and stockholders may have to hold their shares for an indefinite period of time. Our stockholders who sell their shares to us under our SRP may receive less than the price they paid for the shares.

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There is no active trading market for our shares. Our SRP includes numerous restrictions that limit a stockholder’s ability to sell shares to us, including that we only repurchase shares in the event of death or disability of a stockholder. Moreover, the total value of repurchases pursuant to our SRP is limited to the amount of proceeds received from issuances of common stock pursuant to the DRIP and repurchases in any fiscal semester are further limited to 2.5% of the average number of shares outstanding during the previous fiscal year, subject to the authority of the Board to identify another source of funds for repurchases under the SRP. The Board may also reject any request for repurchase of shares at its discretion or amend, suspend or terminate our SRP upon notice. Therefore, requests for repurchase under the SRP may not be accepted. Repurchases under the SRP will be based on Estimated Per Share NAV and may be at a substantial discount to the price the stockholder paid for the shares.

We are also restricted from making share repurchases to the extent they would be aggregated with distributions to our stockholders under the covenant in our New Credit Facility that restricts payments of distributions to our stockholders. Although this covenant exempts payments for share repurchases up to $50.0 million during the term of the New Credit Facility from being aggregated in this way, we must maintain cash and cash equivalents of at least $30.0 million and compliance with a leverage ratio after giving effect to those payments.

We may be unable to enter into and consummate property acquisitions on advantageous terms or our property acquisitions may not perform as we expect.

One of our goals is to grow through acquiring additional properties, and pursuing this investment objective exposes us to numerous risks, including:

• competition from other real estate investors with significant capital, including both publicly traded REITs and institutional investment funds;

• we may acquire properties that are not accretive;

• we may not successfully manage and lease the properties we acquire to meet our expectations or market conditions may result in future vacancies and lower-than expected rental rates;

• we expect to finance future acquisitions primarily with additional borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, and there can be no assurance as to how much borrowing capacity will be available for this purpose;

• we may be unable to obtain debt financing or raise equity required to fund acquisitions from other sources on favorable terms, or at all;

• we may need to spend more than budgeted amounts to make necessary improvements or renovations to acquired properties;

• agreements for the acquisition of properties are typically subject to customary conditions to closing that may or may not be completed, and we may spend significant time and money on potential acquisitions that we do not consummate;

• the process of acquiring or pursuing the acquisition of a new property may divert the attention of our management team from our existing business operations; and

• we may acquire properties without recourse, or with only limited recourse, for liabilities, whether known or unknown.

We rely upon our Advisor and the real estate professionals affiliated with our Advisor to identify suitable investments, and there can be no assurance that our Advisor will be successful in obtaining suitable further investments on financially attractive terms or that our objectives will be achieved. If our Advisor is unable to timely locate suitable investments, we may be unable or limited in our ability to pay dividends and we may not be able to meet our investment objectives.

We may change our targeted investments without stockholder consent.

We have acquired and expect to continue to acquire a diversified portfolio of healthcare-related assets including MOBs, SHOPs and other healthcare-related facilities. However, the Board may change our investment policies over time. We may make adjustments to our target portfolio based on real estate market conditions and investment opportunities, and we may change our targeted investments and investment guidelines at any time without the consent of our stockholders, which could result in our making investments that are different from, and possibly riskier than, initially anticipated. A change in our targeted investments or investment guidelines may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, default risk and real estate market fluctuations.

Our results of operations have been, and may continue to be, adversely impacted by our inability to collect rent from certain tenants.

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Tenants at certain properties in our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment have been in default under their leases to us, and our results of operations have been adversely impacted by our inability to collect rent from these tenants. There can be no assurance that we will be able to collect rent from these tenants in the future. We incurred $13.4 million of bad debt expense, including straight-line rent write-offs, related to these tenants during the year ended December 31, 2018. These amounts primarily relate to tenants and former tenants at two of our properties in Florida (collectively the "NuVista Tenant") that have been in default under their leases since July 2017 and tenants at four properties in Texas (collectively, the "LaSalle Tenant") that are currently in default of a forbearance agreement. See "Item 7. — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Palm and the NuVista Tenants" for further details.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, we transferred six properties from our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment to our SHOP segment under a structure permitted by RIDEA, under which a REIT may lease qualified healthcare properties on an arm’s length basis to a TRS if the property is operated on behalf of the subsidiary by an entity who qualifies as an eligible independent contractor. We have and expect to continue pursuing the replacement of these tenants in a manner that will allow us to transition the properties leased to these tenants to our SHOP segment, such as by entering into settlement agreements and appointing court order receivers. By doing so, we will gain more control over the operations of the applicable properties, and we believe this will allow us to improve performance and the cash flows generated by the properties, but there can be no assurance this strategy will be successful. There also can be no assurance that we will be able to replace these tenants on a timely basis, or at all, and our results of operations may therefore continue to be adversely impacted by bad debt expenses related to our inability to collect rent from defaulting tenants. These transitions will also increase our exposure to risks associated with operating in this structure. See "— General Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate — We assume additional operational risks and are subject to additional regulation and liability because we depend on eligible independent contractors to manage some of our facilities and assume additional operational risks and are subject to additional regulation and liability."

Due to a dispute with the developer, we have funded excess development costs at our development property in Jupiter, Florida and have not yet received any rental income from the property. There can be no assurance as to when we will begin to generate cash from this investment, if at all.

In August 2015, we entered into an asset purchase agreement and development agreement to acquire land and construction in progress, and subsequently fund the remaining construction, of a development property in Jupiter, Florida for $82.0 million. Palm Health Partners, LLC ("Palm") is responsible for completing the development and obtaining a final certificate of occupancy for the facility (the "CO"). However, Palm is in default of the development agreement and has ceased providing services under the development agreement. There is no assurance as to when and if Palm will comply with its obligations, and this has resulted in delays in obtaining the CO. There is no assurance as to when and if Palm will comply with its obligations, and this has resulted in delays in obtaining the CO. We are currently working to obtain the CO, but there can be no assurance as to how long this process will take, or if we will be able to complete it at all. Until the CO is obtained, we will not receive income from the property, and the amount of cash we are able to generate to fund distributions to our stockholders will continue to be adversely affected. We have paid, and expect to continue to pay, ongoing maintenance expenses related to the property and other costs related to our work to obtain the CO while this process continues.

Under the development agreement, the targeted completion date was December 31, 2016. Additionally, the estimated rent commencement date was expected to be no later than April 1, 2017 with entities related to Palm operating the property as the tenants (the “Jupiter Tenant”). We do not expect entities related to Palm to become the tenant and we are working to find a replacement tenant once we obtain the CO, although there can be no assurance we will be able to do so on a timely basis, or at all. Pursuant to an agreement between the Jupiter Tenant and us, the Jupiter Tenant agreed to transfer all contracts, licenses and permits (including all operational permissions and certificates of need) to a replacement tenant designated by us. Until a replacement tenant is identified, there can be no assurance that the Jupiter Tenant will comply with the obligations set forth in the agreement.

As of December 31, 2018, we had funded $90.6 million, including $10.0 million for the land and $80.6 million for construction in progress. As a result, we believe that we have satisfied our funding commitments for the construction. We have and may continue, at our election, to provide additional funding to ensure completion of the construction. To the extent we fund additional monies for the completion of the development, Palm, the developer of the facility, is responsible for reimbursing us for any amounts funded. There can be no assurance that Palm will reimburse us for construction overruns so funded.

In addition, the NuVista Tenants, which are related parties to Palm, have failed to pay rental obligations due to us at other properties we own where they are tenants and owe $9.4 million of rent, property taxes, late fees, and interest receivable under their leases as of December 31, 2018. See "Item 7. — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Palm and the NuVista Tenants" for further details.

We are working to resolve our various disputes with Palm, but there is no assurance we will be able to do so on favorable terms, or at all. Failure to resolve these has had, and could continue to have, an adverse effect on our business.

Provisions in our New Credit Facility currently restrict us from increasing the rate we pay distributions to our stockholders, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue paying distributions at the current rate, or at all.

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We currently pay distributions on the fifth day of each month to stockholders of record each day during the prior month at a rate equivalent to $0.85 per share per annum. Pursuant to our New Credit Facility, until the earlier of the first day of the first fiscal quarter in 2019 in which we elect to be subject to other restrictions on distributions under our New Credit Facility or January 1, 2020, we are not permitted to amend or modify our current distribution policy in any manner (including, without limitation, to change the timing, amount or frequency of payments), except to reduce the amount of the distribution. Once we are permitted to increase our distribution rate, provisions in our New Credit Facility will restrict us from paying distributions in any fiscal quarter that, when added to the aggregate amount of all other distributions paid in the same fiscal quarter and the preceding three fiscal quarters (calculated on an annualized basis during the first three fiscal quarters for which the provisions are in effect), exceed 95% of our Modified FFO (as defined in our New Credit Facility and which is similar but not identical to MFFO as discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) during the applicable period. Until we become subject to these distribution restrictions, we will be subject to a covenant requiring us to maintain a combination of cash, cash equivalents and availability for future borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility totaling at least $50.0 million, and the amount available for borrowings under our New Credit Facility based on the same borrowing base properties will be slightly lower.

The Prior Credit Facility also contained a covenant that restricted our ability to pay distributions exceeding certain percentages of Modified FFO. This covenant was amended twice during 2017 to permit us to pay a certain level of distributions. There can be no assurance that the lenders under our New Credit Facility will agree to any amendments to covenants impacting our ability to pay distributions. There also can be no assurance that we will be able to continue paying distributions at the current rate, or at all.

We have not generated, and in the future may not generate, operating cash flows sufficient to fund all of the distributions we pay to our stockholders, and, as such, we may be forced to fund distributions from other sources, including borrowings, which may not be available on favorable terms, or at all.

We have historically not generated sufficient cash flow from operations to fund distributions. If we do not generate sufficient cash flows from our operations to fund distributions, we may have to further reduce or suspend distributions. The amount of cash we have available for distributions is dependent on many factor, including factors that are beyond our control, such as that cash flows from our existing properties may not increase (or may decline), we may not be able to obtain a CO and begin receiving rental income from our development property in Jupiter, Florida and future asset acquisitions may not increase our cash available for making distributions as much as we anticipate, or at all. Moreover, decisions on whether, when and in which amounts to pay any future distributions will remain at all times entirely at the discretion of our board of directors, which reserves the right to change our distribution policy at any time and for any reason.

Our cash flows provided by operations were $54.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we paid distributions of $91.5 million, of which 59.2% was funded from cash flows from operations, 35.2% was funded from proceeds from issuances of common stock under our DRIP with the remainder funded from available cash on hand, which consists of proceeds from sale of real estate investments and proceeds from borrowings. A decrease in the level of stockholder participation in our DRIP could have an adverse impact on our ability to continue to use DRIP proceeds. Borrowings required to fund distributions may not be available at favorable rates, or at all, and could restrict the amount we can borrow for investments and other purposes. The proceeds from any property sale are subject to reduction to repay the debt, if any, associated with the property sold and may not be available to fund distributions. Distributions paid from sources other than our cash flows from operations also reduce the funds available for other needs such as property acquisitions, capital expenditures and other real estate-related investments.

If we internalize our management functions, we would be required to pay a transition fee and would not have the right to retain our management or personnel.

We may engage in an internalization transaction and become self-managed in the future. If we internalize our management functions, under the terms of our advisory agreement we would be required to pay a transition fee to our Advisor upon termination of the advisory agreement in connection with an internalization that could be up to 4.5 times the compensation paid to our Advisor in the previous year, plus expenses. We also would not have any right to retain our executive officers or other personnel of our Advisor who currently manage our day-to-day operations. An inability to manage an internalization transaction effectively could thus result in our incurring excess costs and suffering deficiencies in our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting. Such deficiencies could cause us to incur additional costs, and our management's attention could be diverted from most effectively managing our investments, which could result in litigation and resulting associated costs in connection with the internalization transaction.

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We may terminate our advisory agreement in only limited circumstances, which may require payment of a termination fee.

We have limited rights to terminate the Advisor. The initial term of our advisory agreement expires on February 16, 2027, but is automatically renewed for consecutive ten-year terms unless notice of termination is provided by either party 365 days in advance of the expiration of the term. Further, we may terminate the agreement only under limited circumstances. In the event of a termination in connection with a change in control of us, we would be required to pay a termination fee that could be up to four times the compensation paid to our Advisor in the previous year, plus expenses. In the event of a termination in connection with an internalization, the fee payable could be up to 4.5 times the compensation paid to our Advisor in the previous year, plus expenses. The limited termination rights of the advisory agreement will make it difficult for us to renegotiate the terms of the advisory agreement or replace our Advisor even if the terms of the advisory agreement are no longer consistent with the terms generally available to externally-managed REITs for similar services.

We indemnify our officers, directors, the Advisor and its affiliates against claims or liability they may become subject to due to their service to us, and our rights and the rights of our stockholders to recover claims against our officers, directors, our Advisor and its affiliates are limited.

Maryland law provides that a director has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the corporation’s best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, subject to certain limitations set forth therein or under Maryland law, our charter provides that no director or officer will be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages and permits us to indemnify our directors and officersfrom liability and advance certain expenses to them in connection with claims or liability they may become subject to due to their service to us, and we are not restricted from indemnifying our Advisor or its affiliates on a similar basis. We have entered into indemnification agreements to this effect with our directors and officers, certain former directors and officers, our Advisor and AR Global. We and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors, officers, employees and agents, and our Advisor and its affiliates, than might otherwise exist under common law, which could reduce the recovery of our stockholders and our recovery against them. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by ourdirectors, officers, employees and agents or our Advisor and its affiliates in some cases. Subject to conditions and exceptions, we also indemnify our Advisor and its affiliates from losses arising in the performance of their duties under the advisory agreement and have agreed to advance certain expenses to them in connection with claims or liability they may become subject to due to their service to us.

Our business and operations could suffer if our Advisor or any other party that provides us with services essential to our operations experiences system failures or cyber incidents or a deficiency in cybersecurity.

The internal information technology networks and related systems of our Advisor and other parties that provide us with services essential to our operations (including our tenant operators and other third party operators of our healthcare facilities) are vulnerable to damage from any number of sources, including computer viruses, unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures. Any system failure or accident that causes interruptions in our operations could result in a material disruption to our business. We may also incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by these disruptions.

As reliance on technology has increased, so have the risks posed to those systems. Our Advisor and other parties that provide us with services essential to our operations must continuously monitor and develop their networks and information technology to prevent, detect, address and mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses, and social engineering, such as phishing. We are continuously working, including with the aid of third party service providers, to install new, and to upgrade our existing, network and information technology systems, to create processes for risk assessment, testing, prioritization, remediation, risk acceptance, and reporting, and to provide awareness training around phishing, malware and other cyber risks to ensure that our Advisor, other parties that provide us with services essential to our operations and we are protected against cyber risks and security breaches. However, these upgrades, processes, new technology and training may not be sufficient to protect us from all risks. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques and technologies used in attempted attacks and intrusions evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target. In some cases attempted attacks and intrusions are designed not to be detected and, in fact, may not be detected.

The remediation costs and lost revenues experienced by a subject of an intentional cyberattack or other event which results in unauthorized third party access to systems to disrupt operations, corrupt data or steal confidential information may be significant and significant resources may be required to repair system damage, protect against the threat of future security breaches or to alleviate problems, including reputational harm, loss of revenues and litigation, caused by any breaches. Additionally, any failure to adequately protect against unauthorized or unlawful processing of personal data, or to take appropriate action in cases of infringement may result in significant penalties under privacy law.

Furthermore, a security breach or other significant disruption involving the information technology networks and related systems of our Advisor or any other party that provides us with services essential to our operations could:

• result in misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants, missed reporting deadlines or missed permitting deadlines;

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• affect our ability to properly monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations regarding our qualification as a REIT;

• result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of, proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information (including information about our tenant operators and other third party operators of our healthcare facilities, as well as the patients or residents at those facilities), which others could use to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes;

• result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our tenants for the efficient use of their leased space;

• require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result;

• subject us to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or termination of leases or other agreements; or

• adversely impact our reputation among our tenants and investors generally.

Although our Advisor and other parties that provide us with services essential to our operations intend to continue to implement industry-standard security measures, there can be no assurance that those measures will be sufficient, and any material adverse effect experienced by our Advisor and other parties that provide us with services essential to our operations could, in turn, have an adverse impact on us.

The purchase price per share for shares issued under the DRIP and the repurchase price of our shares under our share repurchase program is based on our Estimated Per-Share NAV, which is based upon subjective judgments, assumptions and opinions about future events, and may not reflect the amount that our stockholders might receive for their shares in a market transaction.

We intend to publish an updated Estimated Per-Share NAV as of December 31, 2018 shortly following the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Our Advisor has engaged an independent valuer to perform appraisals of our real estate assets in accordance with valuation guidelines established by the Board. As with any methodology used to estimate value, the valuation methodologies that will be used by any independent valuer to value our properties involve subjective judgments concerning factors such as comparable sales, rental and operating expense data, capitalization or discount rate, and projections of future rent and expenses.

Under our valuation guidelines, our independent valuer estimates the market value of our principal real estate and real estate-related assets, and our Advisor determines the net value of our real estate and real estate-related assets and liabilities taking into consideration such estimate provided by the independent valuer. Our Advisor reviews the valuation provided by the independent valuer for consistency with its determinations of value and our valuation guidelines and the reasonableness of the independent valuer's conclusions. The independent directors of the Board review the appraisals and valuations and makes a final determination of the Estimated Per-Share NAV. The independent directors of the Board rely on our Advisor’s input, including its view of the estimate and the appraisals performed by the independent valuation firm, but the independent directors of the Board may, in their discretion, consider other factors. Although the valuations of our real estate assets by the independent valuer are reviewed by our Advisor and approved by the independent directors of the Board, neither our Advisor nor the independent directors of the Board will independently verify the appraised value of our properties and valuations do not necessarily represent the price at which we would be able to sell an asset. As a result, the appraised value of a particular property may be greater or less than its potential realizable value, which would cause our Estimated Per-Share NAV to be greater or less than the potential realizable value of shares of our common stock.

Because they are based on Estimated Per-Share NAV, the price at which our shares may be sold under the DRIP and the price at which our shares may be repurchased by us pursuant to the SRP may not reflect the price that our stockholders would receive for their shares in a market transaction, the proceeds that would be received upon our liquidation or the price that a third party would pay to acquire us.

Because Estimated Per-Share NAV is only determined annually, it may differ significantly from our actual per-share net asset value at any given time.

Valuations of Estimated Per-Share NAV are made at least once annually. In connection with any valuation, the Board estimate of the value of our real estate and real estate-related assets will be partly based on appraisals of our properties, which we expect will only be appraised in connection with the annual valuation.

Because valuations only occur annually, Estimated Per-Share NAV cannot take into account any material events that occur after the Estimated Per-Share NAV has been calculated for that year. Material events could include the appraised value of our properties substantially changing actual property operating results differing from what we originally budgeted or distributions to shareholders exceeding cash flow generated by us. Any such material event could cause a change in the Estimated Per-Share NAV that would not be reflected until the next valuation. Also, to the extent we pay distributions in excess of our cash flows provided by operations, this could result in a decrease to our Estimated Per-Share NAV. As a result, the Estimated Per-Share NAV is not guaranteed to accurately reflect the value of the shares at any given time, and our Estimated Per-Share NAV may differ significantly from our actual per-share net asset value at any given time.

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We may in the future acquire or originate real estate debt or invest in real estate-related securities issued by real estate market participants, which would expose us to additional risks.

As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have not invested in any first mortgage debt loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity or securitized loans, commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS"), preferred equity and other higher-yielding structured debt and equity investments. In the future, however, we may choose to acquire or originate real estate debt or invest in real estate-related securities issued by real estate market participants, which would expose us not only to the risks and uncertainties we are currently exposed to through our direct investments in real estate but also to additional risks and uncertainties attendant to investing in and holding these types of investments, such as:

• risk of defaults by borrowers in paying debt service on outstanding indebtedness and to other impairments of our loans and investments;

• increased competition from entities engaged in mortgage lending and, or investing in our target assets;

• deterioration in the performance of properties securing our investments may cause deterioration in the performance of our investments and, potentially, principal losses to us;

• fluctuations in interest rates and credit spreads could reduce our ability to generate income on our loans and other investments;

• difficulty in redeploying the proceeds from repayments of our existing loans and investments;

• the illiquidity of certain of these investments;

• lack of control over certain of our loans and investments;

• the potential need to foreclose on certain of the loans we originate or acquire, which could result in losses additional risks, including the risks of the securitization process, posed by investments in CMBS and other similar structured finance investments, as well as those we structure, sponsor or arrange; use of leverage may create a mismatch with the duration and interest rate of the investments that we financing;

• risks related to the operating performance or trading price volatility of any publicly-traded and private companies primarily engaged in real estate businesses we invest in; and

• the need to structure, select and more closely monitor our investments such that we continue to maintain our qualification as a REIT and our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended

Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest

Our Advisor faces conflicts of interest relating to the purchase and leasing of properties and these conflicts may not be resolved in our favor, which could adversely affect our investment opportunities.

We rely on our Advisor and its executive officers and other key real estate professionals at our Advisor and our Property Manager to identify suitable investment opportunities for us. Several of the other key real estate professionals at our Advisor are also the key real estate professionals at AR Global and other entities advised by affiliates of AR Global. Many investment opportunities that are suitable for us may also be suitable for other entities advised directly or indirectly AR Global.

We and other entities advised directly or indirectly by AR Global also rely on these real estate professionals, to supervise the property management and leasing of properties. These executive officers and key real estate professionals, as well as AR Global, are not prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in any business or from possessing interests in other businesses and ventures, including businesses and ventures involved in the acquisition, development, ownership, leasing or sale of real estate investments.

In addition, we may acquire properties in geographic areas where other entities advised by affiliates of AR Global own properties. Also, we may acquire properties from, or sell properties to, other entities advised by affiliates of AR Global. If one of the other entities advised by affiliates of AR Global attracts a tenant that we are competing for, we could suffer a loss of revenue due to delays in locating another suitable tenant.

Our Advisor faces conflicts of interest relating to joint ventures, which could result in a disproportionate benefit to the other venture partners at our expense.

We may enter into joint ventures with other entities advised by affiliates of AR Global for the acquisition, development or improvement of properties. Our Advisor may have conflicts of interest in determining which entities advised by affiliates of AR Global should enter into any particular joint venture agreement. The co-venturer may have economic or business interests or goals that are or may become inconsistent with our business interests or goals. In addition, our Advisor may face a conflict in structuring the terms of the relationship between our interests and the interest of the affiliated co-venturer and in managing the joint venture. Due to the role of our Advisor and its affiliates, agreements and transactions between the co-venturers with respect to any joint venture will not have the benefit of arm's-length negotiation of the type normally conducted between unrelated co-venturers, which may result in the co-venturer receiving benefits greater than the benefits that we receive. In addition, we may assume liabilities related to the joint venture that exceeds the percentage of our investment in the joint venture.

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Our Advisor and AR Global and their officers and employees and certain of our executive officers and other key personnel face competing demands relating to their time, and this may cause our operating results to suffer.

Our Advisor and its officers and employees and certain of our executive officers and other key personnel and its respective affiliates are key personnel, general partners, sponsors, managers, owners and advisors of other real estate investment programs, including entities advised by affiliates of AR Global, some of which have investment objectives and legal and financial obligations similar to ours and may have other business interests as well. Because these individuals have competing demands on their time and resources, they may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between our business and these other activities. If these conflicts occur, the returns on our investments may suffer.

All of our executive officers, some of our directors and the key real estate and other professionals assembled by our Advisor and our Property Manager face conflicts of interest related to their positions or interests in affiliates of AR Global, which could hinder our ability to implement our business strategy.

All of our executive officers, some of our directors and the key real estate and other professionals assembled by our Advisor and Property Manager are also executive officers, directors, managers, key professionals or holders of a direct or indirect interests in our Advisor and our Property Manager or AR Global-affiliated entities. Through AR Global’s affiliates, some of these persons work on behalf of entities advised directly or indirectly by the parent of our Sponsor. As a result, they have loyalties to each of these entities, which loyalties could conflict with the fiduciary duties they owe to us and could result in action or inaction detrimental to our business. Conflicts with our business and interests are most likely to arise from (a) allocation of investments and management time and services between us and the other entities, (b) our purchase of properties from, or sale of properties to, entities advised by affiliates of our Advisor, (c) investments with entities advised by affiliates of our Advisor, (d) compensation to our Advisor and (e) our relationship with our Advisor and our Property Manager. If we do not successfully implement our business strategy, we may be unable to generate the cash needed to pay distributions to our stockholders and to maintain or increase the value of our assets.

Our Advisor faces conflicts of interest relating to the structure of the compensation it may receive.

Under our advisory agreement, the Advisor is entitled to substantial minimum compensation regardless of performance as well as incentive compensation. In addition, the limited partnership agreement of our OP requires it to pay a subordinated incentive listing distribution to Special Limited Partner in connection with a listing or other liquidity event, such as the sale of our assets, or if we terminate the advisory agreement, even for cause as permitted by the advisory agreement. The Special Limited Partner is also entitled under the limited partnership agreement of our OP to participate in net sales proceeds. See Note 9 — Related Party Transactions and Arrangements to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. These arrangements, coupled with the fact that the Advisor does not maintain a significant equity interest in us, may result in the Advisor taking actions or recommending investments that are riskier or more speculative than an advisor with a more significant investment in us might take or recommend.

Risks Related to our Corporate Structure

The limit on the number of shares a person may own may discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that might result in a premium price to our stockholders.

Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted (prospectively or retroactively) by the Board, no person may own more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of our outstanding shares of our capital stock or more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of shares of our capital stock. This restriction may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock.

Our charter permits the Board to authorize the issuance of stock with terms that may subordinate the rights of common stockholders or discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that might result in a premium price to our stockholders.

Our charter permits the Board to authorize the issuance of up to 350.0 million shares of stock. In addition, the Board, without any action by our stockholders, may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares or the number of shares of any class or series of stock that we have authority to issue. The Board may classify or reclassify any unissued common stock or preferred stock into other classes or series of stock and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of any such stock. Thus, the Board could authorize the issuance of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have a priority as to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation over the rights of the holders of our common stock. Preferred stock could also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock.

We have a classified board, which may discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that might result in a premium price to our stockholders.

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The Board is divided into three classes of directors. At each annual meeting, directors of one class are elected to serve until the annual meeting of stockholders held in the third year following the year of their election and until their successors are duly elected and qualify. The classification of our directors may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all our assets) that might result in a premium price for our stockholders.

Maryland law prohibits certain business combinations, which may make it more difficult for us to be acquired and may discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that might result in a premium price to our stockholders.

Under Maryland law, "business combinations" between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:

• any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation's outstanding voting stock; or

• an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding stock of the corporation.

A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he or she otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board of directors.

After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

• 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and

• two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.

These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporation's common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. The business combination statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Pursuant to the statute, the Board has exempted any business combination involving our Advisor or any affiliate of our Advisor. Consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and our Advisor or any affiliate of our Advisor. As a result, our Advisor and any affiliate of our Advisor may be able to enter into business combinations with us that may not be in the best interests of our stockholders, without compliance with the super-majority vote requirements and the other provisions of the statute. The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.

Our bylaws designate the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland as the sole and exclusive forum for certain actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders.

Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Baltimore Division, is the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of any duty owed by any of our directors or officer or other employees to us or our stockholders, (c) any action asserting a claim against the us or any of our directors or officers or other employees arising pursuant to any provision of Maryland law, our charter or our bylaws, or (d) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors or officers or other employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders with respect to us, our directors, our officers or our employees. This choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that the stockholder believes is favorable.  Alternatively, if a court were to find this provision of our bylaws inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving these matters in other jurisdictions.

Maryland law limits the ability of a third party to buy a large stake in us and exercise voting power in electing directors, which may discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that might result in a premium price to our stockholders.

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The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act provides that holders of “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved by the stockholders by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all shares of stock owned by the acquirer, by officers or by employees who are directors of the corporation. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer can exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within specified ranges of voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval or shares acquired directly from the corporation. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares. The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction, or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.

Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act any and all acquisitions of our stock by any person. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

If our stockholders do not agree with the decisions of the Board, our stockholders only have limited control over changes in our policies and operations and may not be able to change our policies and operations.

The Board determines our major policies, including our policies regarding investments, financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification and distributions. The Board may amend or revise these and other policies without a vote of the stockholders except to the extent that the policies are set forth in our charter. Under Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter, our stockholders have a right to vote only on the following:

• the election or removal of directors;

• amendment of our charter, except that the Board may amend our charter without stockholder approval to (a) increase or decrease the aggregate number of our shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have the authority to issue, (b) effect certain reverse stock splits, and (c) change our name or the name or other designation or the par value of any class or series of our stock and the aggregate par value of our stock;

• our liquidation or dissolution;

• certain reorganizations of our company, as provided in our charter; and

• certain mergers, consolidations or sales or other dispositions of all or substantially all our assets, as provided in our charter.

All other matters are subject to the discretion of the Board.

If we conduct equity offerings or issue additional shares in the future, the value of your investments may be adversely affected.

Our existing stockholders do not have preemptive rights to any shares issued by us in the future. Our charter currently authorizes us to issue 350.0 million shares of stock, of which 300.0 million shares are classified as common stock and 50.0 million shares are classified as preferred stock. Subject to any limitations set forth under Maryland law, the Board may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock or the number of authorized shares of any class or series of stock, or may classify or reclassify any unissued shares into other classes or series of stock without the necessity of obtaining stockholder approval. Holders of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Stockholders will suffer dilution (both economic and percentage interest) of their equity investment in us, (a) from the sale of additional shares in the future, including those issued pursuant to the DRIP; (b) if we sell securities that are convertible into shares of our common stock; (c) if we issue shares to our Advisor as payment of fees under our advisory agreement and other agreements; or (d) if we issue shares of our common stock to sellers of properties acquired by us in connection with an exchange of limited partnership interests of our OP. In addition, the Partnership Agreement contains provisions that would allow, under certain circumstances, other entities, including other entities advised by affiliates of AR Global, to merge into or cause the exchange or conversion of their interest for interests of our OP. Because the limited partnership interests may, in the discretion of the Board, be exchanged for shares of our common stock, any merger, exchange or conversion between our OP and another entity ultimately could result in the issuance of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, thereby diluting the percentage ownership interest of other stockholders.

Payment of fees to our Advisor and its affiliates reduces cash available for investment and other uses including payment of distributions to our stockholders.

Our Advisor its affiliates perform services for us in connection with the selection and acquisition of our investments, the management of our properties, and the administration of our investments. They are paid substantial fees for these services, which reduces cash available for investment, other corporate purposes, including payment of distributions to our stockholders.

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We depend on our OP and its subsidiaries for cash flow and are effectively structurally subordinated in right of payment to the obligations of our OP and its subsidiaries, which could adversely affect our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.

Our only significant asset is our interest in our OP. We conduct, and intend to continue conducting, all of our business operations through our OP. Accordingly, our only source of cash to pay our obligations is distributions from our OP and its subsidiaries of their net earnings and cash flows. We cannot assure our stockholders that our OP or its subsidiaries will be able to, or be permitted to, pay distributions to us that will enable us to pay distributions to our stockholders from cash flows from operations. Each of our OP’s subsidiaries is a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, legal and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from these entities. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, our assets and those of our OP and its subsidiaries will be able to satisfy the claims of our stockholders only after all of our and our OPs and its subsidiaries liabilities and obligations have been paid in full.

General Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate

Our operating results will be affected by economic and regulatory changes that have an adverse impact on the real estate market in general, and we cannot assure our stockholders that we will be profitable or that we will realize growth in the value of our real estate properties.

Our operating results are subject to risks generally incident to the ownership of real estate, including:

• changes in general economic or local conditions;

• changes in supply of or demand for competing properties in an area;

• changes in interest rates and availability of permanent mortgage funds that may render the sale of a property difficult or unattractive;

• changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws;

• periods of high interest rates and tight money supply; and

• changes in tenants' ability to pay their rental obligations due to unfavorable market conditions affecting business operations.

These and other risks may prevent us from being profitable or from realizing growth or maintaining the value of our real estate properties.

Our property portfolio has a high concentration of properties located in four states. Our properties may be adversely affected by economic cycles and risks inherent to those states.

The following four states represented 10% or more of our consolidated annualized rental income on a straight-line basis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018:

State	Percentage of Straight-Line Rental Income
Florida	16.6%
Georgia	10.1%
Michigan	13.1%
Pennsylvania	10.2%

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Any adverse situation that disproportionately affects the states listed above may have a magnified adverse effect on our portfolio. Real estate markets are subject to economic downturns, as they have been in the past, and we cannot predict how economic conditions will impact this market in both the short and long term. Declines in the economy or a decline in the real estate market in these states could hurt our financial performance and the value of our properties. Factors that may negatively affect economic conditions in these states include:

• business layoffs or downsizing;

• industry slowdowns;

• relocations of businesses;

• climate change;

• changing demographics;

• increased telecommuting and use of alternative work places;

• infrastructure quality;

• any oversupply of, or reduced demand for, real estate;

• concessions or reduced rental rates under new leases for properties where tenants defaulted;

• increased insurance premiums;

• state budgets and payment to providers under Medicaid or other state healthcare programs; and

• changes in reimbursement for healthcare services from commercial insurers.

If a tenant or lease guarantor declares bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, we may be unable to collect balances due under relevant leases.

Any of our tenants, or any guarantor of a tenant’s lease obligations, could become insolvent or be subject to a bankruptcy proceeding pursuant to Title 11 of the United States Code. A bankruptcy filing of our tenants or any guarantor of a tenant’s lease obligations would result in a stay of all efforts by us to collect pre-bankruptcy debts from these entities or their assets, unless we receive an enabling order from the bankruptcy court. Post-bankruptcy debts would be required to be paid currently. If a lease is assumed by the tenant, all pre-bankruptcy balances owing under it must be paid in full. If a lease is rejected by a tenant in bankruptcy, we would have a general unsecured claim for damages. If a lease is rejected, it is unlikely we would receive any payments from the tenant because our claim is capped at the rent reserved under the lease, without acceleration, for the greater of one year or 15% of the remaining term of the lease, but not greater than three years, plus rent already due but unpaid as of the date of the bankruptcy filing (post-bankruptcy rent would be payable in full). This claim could be paid only if funds were available, and then only in the same percentage as that realized on other unsecured claims.

A tenant or lease guarantor bankruptcy could delay efforts to collect past due balances under the relevant leases, and could ultimately preclude full collection of these sums. A tenant or lease guarantor bankruptcy could cause a decrease or cessation of rental payments that would mean a reduction in our cash flow and the amount available for distributions to our stockholders. In the event of a bankruptcy, we cannot assure our stockholders that the tenant or its trustee will assume our lease, and that our cash flow and the amounts available for distributions to our stockholders will not be adversely affected.

If a sale-leaseback transaction is recharacterized in a tenant's bankruptcy proceeding, our financial condition and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected.

We may enter into sale-leaseback transactions, whereby we purchase a property and then lease the same property back to the person from whom we purchased it. In the event of the bankruptcy of a tenant, a transaction structured as a sale-leaseback may be recharacterized as either a financing or a joint venture, and either type of recharacterization could adversely affect our business. If the sale-leaseback were recharacterized as a financing, we might not be considered the owner of the property, and as a result would have the status of a creditor. In that event, we would no longer have the right to sell or encumber our ownership interest in the property. Instead, we would have a claim against the tenant for the amounts owed under the lease. The tenant/debtor might have the ability to propose a plan restructuring the term, interest rate and amortization schedule of its outstanding balance. If this plan were confirmed by the bankruptcy court, we would be bound by the new terms. If the sale-leaseback were recharacterized as a joint venture, our lessee and we could be treated as co-venturers with regard to the property. As a result, we could be held liable, under some circumstances, for debts incurred by the lessee relating to the property. Either of these outcomes could adversely affect our cash flow and the amount available for distributions to our stockholders.

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Recharacterization of sale-leaseback transactions may cause us to lose our REIT status.

If we enter into sale-leaseback transactions, we will use commercially reasonable efforts to structure any sale-leaseback transaction we enter into so that the lease will be characterized as a “true lease” for tax purposes, thereby allowing us to be treated as the owner of the property for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, we cannot assure our stockholders that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will not challenge this characterization. In the event that any sale-leaseback transaction is challenged and recharacterized as a financing transaction or loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes, deductions for depreciation and cost recovery relating to the property would be disallowed. If a sale-leaseback transaction were so recharacterized, we might fail to satisfy the REIT qualification “asset tests” or “income tests” and, consequently, lose our REIT status effective with the year of recharacterization. Alternatively, the amount of our REIT taxable income could be recalculated which might also cause us to fail to meet the distribution requirement for a taxable year.

Properties may have vacancies for a significant period of time.

A property may have vacancies either due to the continued default of tenants under their leases or the expiration of leases. If vacancies continue for a long period of time, we may suffer reduced revenues resulting in less cash to be distributed to stockholders. In addition, properties' market values depend principally upon the value of the cash flow generated by the properties. Prolonged vacancies reduce this cash flow which would likely, therefore, reduce the value of the affected property.

We may obtain only limited warranties when we purchase a property and would have only limited recourse if our due diligence did not identify any issues that lower the value of our property.

The seller of a property often sells the property in its "as is" condition on a "where is" basis and "with all faults," without any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. In addition, purchase agreements may contain only limited warranties, representations and indemnifications that will only survive for a limited period after the closing. The purchase of properties with limited warranties increases the risk that we may lose some or all our invested capital in the property as well as the loss of rental income from that property if a situation or loss occurs after the fact for which we have limited or no remedy.

We may be unable to secure funds for future tenant improvements or capital needs.

To attract new replacement tenants, or in some cases secure renewal of a lease, we may expend substantial funds for tenant improvements and refurbishments. In addition, we are typically responsible for any major structural repairs, such as repairs to the foundation, exterior walls and rooftops, even if our leases with tenants may require tenants to pay routine property maintenance costs. If we need additional capital in the future to improve or maintain our properties or for any other reason, we will have to obtain financing from other sources, such as cash flow from operations, borrowings, property sales or future equity offerings to fund these capital requirements. These sources of funding may not be available on attractive terms or at all. If we cannot procure additional funding for capital improvements, we may not be able to lease or re-lease space on attractive terms, if at all.

We have acquired or financed, and may continue to acquire or finance, properties with lock-out provisions which may prohibit us from selling a property, or may require us to maintain specified debt levels for a period of years on some properties.

Lock-out provisions, such as the provisions contained in certain mortgage loans we have entered into, could materially restrict our ability to sell or otherwise dispose of properties or refinance indebtedness, including by requiring the payment of a yield maintenance premium in connection with the required prepayment of principal upon a sale, disposition, or refinancing. Lock-out provisions may also prohibit us from reducing the outstanding indebtedness with respect to any properties, refinancing such indebtedness on a non-recourse basis at maturity, or increasing the amount of indebtedness with respect to such properties. Lock-out provisions could also impair our ability to take other actions during the lock-out period that may otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders. In particular, lock-out provisions could preclude us from participating in major transactions that could result in a disposition of our assets or a change in control. Payment of yield maintenance premiums in connection with dispositions or refinancings could adversely affect our results of operations and cash available for distributions.

Rising expenses could reduce cash flow.

The properties that we own or may acquire are subject to operating risks common to real estate in general, any or all of which may negatively affect us. If any property is not fully occupied or if rents are being paid in an amount that is insufficient to cover operating expenses, we could be required to expend funds with respect to that property for operating expenses. Properties may be subject to increases in tax rates, utility costs, operating expenses, insurance costs, repairs and maintenance and administrative expenses. Leases may not be negotiated on a triple-net basis or on a basis requiring the tenants to pay all or some of such expenses, in which event we may have to pay those costs. If we are unable to lease properties on a triple-net basis or on a basis requiring the tenants to pay all or some of such expenses, or if tenants fail to pay required tax, utility and other impositions, we could be required to pay those costs.

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Damage from catastrophic weather and other natural events and climate change could result in losses to us.

Certain of our properties are located in areas that may experience catastrophic weather and other natural events from time to time, including hurricanes or other severe weather, flooding fires, snow or ice storms, windstorms or, earthquakes. These adverse weather and natural events could cause substantial damages or losses to our properties which could exceed our insurance coverage. In the event of a loss in excess of insured limits, we could lose our capital invested in the affected property, as well as anticipated future revenue from that property. We could also continue to be obligated to repay any mortgage indebtedness or other obligations related to the property. Any such loss could materially and adversely affect our business and our financial condition and results of operations.

To the extent that significant changes in the climate occur, we may experience extreme weather and changes in precipitation and temperature and rising sea levels, all of which may result in physical damage to or a decrease in demand for properties located in these areas or affected by these conditions. Should the impact of climate change be material in nature, including destruction of our properties, or occur for lengthy periods of time, our financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected.

In addition, changes in federal and state legislation and regulation on climate change could result in increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency of our existing properties or to protect them from the consequence of climate change.

We may suffer uninsured losses relating to real property or have to pay expensive premiums for insurance coverage.

Our general liability coverage, property insurance coverage and umbrella liability coverage on all our properties may not be adequate to insure against liability claims and provide for the costs of defense. Similarly, we may not have adequate coverage against the risk of direct physical damage or to reimburse us on a replacement cost basis for costs incurred to repair or rebuild each property. Moreover, there are types of losses, generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters, that are uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. Insurance risks associated with such catastrophic events could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims.

This risk is particularly relevant with respect to potential acts of terrorism. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (the “TRIA”), under which the U.S. federal government bears a significant portion of insured losses caused by terrorism, will expire on December 31, 2020, and there can be no assurance that Congress will act to renew or replace the TRIA following its expiration. In the event that the TRIA is not renewed or replaced, terrorism insurance may become difficult or impossible to obtain at reasonable costs or at all, which may result in adverse impacts and additional costs to us.

Changes in the cost or availability of insurance due to the non-renewal of the TRIA or for other reasons could expose us to uninsured casualty losses. If any of our properties incurs a casualty loss that is not fully insured, the value of our assets will be reduced by any uninsured loss. In addition, other than any working capital reserve or other reserves we may establish, we have no source of funding to repair or reconstruct any uninsured property. Also, to the extent we must pay unexpectedly large amounts for insurance, we could suffer reduced earnings that would result in lower distributions to stockholders.

Additionally, mortgage lenders insist in some cases that commercial property owners purchase coverage against terrorism as a condition for providing mortgage loans. Accordingly, to the extent terrorism risk insurance policies are not available at reasonable costs, if at all, our ability to finance or refinance indebtedness secured by our properties could be impaired. In such instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We may not have adequate, or any, coverage for the losses.

Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence, civilian unrest or war may affect the markets in which we operate our business and our profitability.

Our properties are located in major metropolitan areas as well as densely populated sub-markets that are susceptible to terrorist attack. Because our properties are generally open to the public, they are exposed to a number of incidents that may take place within their premises and that are beyond our control or ability to prevent, which may harm our consumers and visitors. If an act of terror, a mass shooting or other violence were to occur, we may lose tenants or be forced to close one or more of our properties for some time. If any of these incidents were to occur, the relevant property could face material damage to its image and could experience a reduction of business traffic due to lack of confidence in the premises’ security. In addition, we may be exposed to civil liability and be required to indemnify the victims, and our insurance premiums could rise, any of which could adversely affect us.

In addition, any kind of terrorist activity or violent criminal acts, including terrorist acts against public institutions or buildings or modes of public transportation (including airlines, trains or buses) could have a negative effect on our business and the value of our properties. More generally, any terrorist attack, other act of violence or war, including armed conflicts, could result in increased volatility in, or damage to, the worldwide financial markets and economy, including demand for properties and availability of financing. Increased economic volatility could adversely affect our tenants’ abilities to conduct their operations profitably or our ability to borrow money or issue capital stock at acceptable prices and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.

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Real estate-related taxes may increase and if these increases are not passed on to tenants, our cash available for distributions will be reduced.

From time to time our property taxes increase as property values or assessment rates change or for other reasons. An increase in the assessed valuation of a property for real estate tax purposes will result in an increase in the related real estate taxes on that property. There is no assurance that leases will be negotiated on a basis that passes such taxes on to the tenant.

Properties may be subject to restrictions on their use that affect our ability to operate a property, which may adversely affect our operating costs.

Some of our properties may be contiguous to other parcels of real property, comprising part of the same commercial center. In connection with such properties, there are significant covenants, conditions and restrictions restricting the operation of such properties and any improvements on such properties, and related to granting easements on such properties. Moreover, the operation and management of the contiguous properties may impact such properties. Compliance with covenants, conditions and restrictions may adversely affect our operating costs and reduce the amount of funds that we have available to pay distributions.

Our operating results may be negatively affected by potential development and construction delays and resultant increased costs and risks.

We have acquired and developed, and may in the future acquire and develop, properties upon which we will construct improvements. In connection with our development activities, we are subject to uncertainties associated with re-zoning for development, environmental concerns of governmental entities or community groups and our builder or partner's ability to build in conformity with plans, specifications, budgeted costs, and timetables. Performance also may be affected or delayed by conditions beyond our control. We may incur additional risks when we make periodic progress payments or other advances to builders before they complete construction. If a builder or development partner fails to perform, we may resort to legal action to rescind the purchase or the construction contract or to compel performance, but there can be no assurance any legal action would be successful. These and other factors can result in increased costs of a project or loss of our investment. In addition, we will be subject to normal lease-up risks relating to newly constructed projects. We also must rely on rental income and expense projections and estimates of the fair market value of property upon completion of construction when agreeing upon a price at the time we acquire the property. If our projections are inaccurate, we may pay too much for a property, and our return on our investment could suffer.

In August 2015, we entered into an asset purchase agreement and development agreement to acquire land and construction in progress, and subsequently fund the remaining construction, of a development property in Jupiter, Florida. As of December 31, 2018, we have funded $8.6 million in excess of our $72.0 million funding commitment for the construction. We have and may continue to, at our election, provide additional funding to ensure completion of the construction. To the extent we fund additional monies for the completion of the development, Palm, the developer of the facility, is responsible for reimbursing us for any amounts funded. Palm is also responsible for completing the development and obtaining a final CO. However, Palm is in default of the development agreement and has ceased providing services under the development agreement. There is no assurance as to when and if Palm will comply with its obligations, and this has resulted in delays in obtaining the CO. We are currently working to obtain the CO, but there can be no assurance as to how long this process will take, or if we will be able to complete it at all. Until the CO is obtained, we will not receive income from the property, and the amount of cash we are able to generate to fund distributions to our stockholders will continue to be adversely affected. We have paid, and expect to continue to pay, ongoing maintenance expenses related to the property and other costs. In addition, certain related parties to Palm have failed to pay rental obligations due to us at other properties we own where they are tenants. We are working to resolve our various disputes with Palm, but there is no assurance we will be able to do so. Failure to resolve these has had, and could continue to have, an adverse effect on our business. See “— Risks Related to Our Properties and Operations — Due to a dispute with the developer, we have funded excess development costs at our development property in Jupiter, Florida and have not yet received any rental income from the property. There can be no assurance as to when we will begin to generate cash from this investment, if at all.”

We may invest in unimproved real property. For purposes of this paragraph, "unimproved real property" does not include properties acquired for the purpose of producing rental or other operating income, properties under development or construction, and properties under contract for development or in planning for development within one year. Returns from development of unimproved properties are also subject to risks associated with re-zoning the land for development and environmental concerns of governmental entities or community groups. If we invest in unimproved property other than property we intend to develop, a stockholder's investment in our shares will be subject to the risks associated with investments in unimproved real property.

We compete with third parties in acquiring properties and other investments and attracting credit worthy tenants.

We compete with many other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, including individuals, corporations, private investment funds, bank and insurance company investment accounts, other REITs, real estate limited partnerships, and other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, many of which have greater resources than we do. Larger REITs may enjoy significant competitive advantages that result from, among other things, a lower cost of capital and enhanced operating efficiencies. In addition, the number of entities and the amount of funds competing for suitable investments may increase. Any such increase would result in increased demand for these assets and therefore increased prices paid for them.

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We also compete with other comparable properties for tenants, which impacts our ability to rent space and the amount of rent charged. We could be adversely affected if additional competitive properties are built in locations near our properties, causing increased competition for creditworthy tenants. This could result in decreased cash flow from our properties and may require us to make capital improvements to properties that we would not have otherwise made, further impacting property cash flows.

Discovery of previously undetected environmentally hazardous conditions may adversely affect our operating results.

We are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations that (a) regulate certain activities and operations that may have environmental or health and safety effects, such as the management, generation, release or disposal of regulated materials, substances or wastes, (b) impose liability for the costs of cleaning up, and damages to natural resources from, past spills, waste disposals on and off-site, or other releases of hazardous materials or regulated substances, and (c) regulate workplace safety. Compliance with these laws and regulations could increase our operational costs. Violation of these laws may subject us to significant fines, penalties or disposal costs, which could negatively impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Under various federal, state and local environmental laws (including those of foreign jurisdictions), a current or previous owner or operator of currently or formerly owned, leased or operated real property may be liable for the cost of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in such property. The costs of removal or remediation could be substantial. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Certain environmental laws and common law principles could be used to impose liability for release of and exposure to hazardous substances, including asbestos-containing materials into the air, and third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury or property damage associated with exposure to released hazardous substances. In addition, when excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Concern about indoor exposure to mold has been increasing, as exposure to mold may cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of significant mold at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold from the affected property or development project.

Accordingly, we may incur significant costs to defend against claims of liability, to comply with environmental regulatory requirements, to remediate any contaminated property, or to pay personal injury claims.

Moreover, environmental laws also may impose liens on property or other restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures or prevent us or our Property Manager and its assignees from operating such properties. Compliance with new or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may require us to incur material expenditures. Future laws, ordinances or regulations or the discovery of currently unknown conditions or non-compliances may impose material liability under environmental laws.

If we sell properties by providing financing to purchasers, defaults by the purchasers would adversely affect our cash flows.

If we decide to sell any of our properties, in some instances we may sell our properties by providing financing to purchasers. If we do so, we will bear the risk that the purchaser may default on its debt, requiring us to seek remedies, a process which may be time-consuming and costly. Further, the borrower may have defenses that could limit or eliminate our remedies. In addition, even in the absence of a purchaser default, the distribution of the proceeds of sales to our stockholders, or their reinvestment in other assets, will be delayed until the promissory notes or other property we may accept upon the sale are actually paid, sold, refinanced or otherwise disposed of. In some cases, we may receive initial down payments in cash and other property in the year of sale in an amount less than the selling price and subsequent payments will be spread over a number of years.

We assume additional operational risks and are subject to additional regulation and liability because we depend on eligible independent contractors to manage some of our facilities.

In our SHOP segment, we invest in SHOPs under a structure permitted by the RIDEA. As of December 31, 2018, we had 17 eligible independent contractors operating 58 SHOPs which represented 42.7% of our gross asset value. Some of these properties were recently transitioned from our triple-net leased facilities segment to our SHOP segment. We may in the future, transition other triple-net leased facilities, which may or may not be experiencing declining performance, to third-party managed facilities under a structure permitted by RIDEA, in connection with which they would also transition from our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment to our SHOP segment. There can be no assurance these transitions will improve performance of the properties, and they will also increase our exposure to risks associated with operating in this structure.

RIDEA permits REITs, such as us, to lease certain types of healthcare facilities that we own or partially own to a TRS, provided that our TRS hires an independent qualifying management company to operate the facility. Under the RIDEA  structure, the independent qualifying management company, which we also refer to as an operator, receives a management fee from our TRS for operating the facility as an independent contractor. As the owner of the facility, we assume most of the operational risk because we lease our facility to our own partially- or wholly-owned subsidiary rather than a third party operator. We are therefore responsible for any operating deficits incurred by the facility.

The income we generate from these properties is subject to a number of operational risks including fluctuations in occupancy levels and resident fee levels, increases in the cost of food, materials, energy, labor (as a result of unionization or otherwise) or

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other services, rent control regulations, national and regional economic conditions, the imposition of new or increased taxes, capital expenditure requirements, professional and general liability claims, and the availability and cost of professional and general liability insurance. Although we have various rights as the property owner under our management agreements, we rely on the personnel, expertise, technical resources and information systems, proprietary information, good faith and judgment of our operators to set appropriate resident fees, provide accurate property-level financial results for our properties in a timely manner and to otherwise operate our SHOPs in compliance with the terms of our management agreements and all applicable laws and regulations. We also depend on our operators to attract and retain skilled management personnel who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of our SHOPs. A shortage of nurses or other trained personnel or general inflationary pressures may force the operator to enhance pay and benefit packages to compete effectively for personnel, but it may not be able to offset these added costs by increasing the rates charged to residents. Any increase in labor costs and other property operating expenses, any failure to attract and retain qualified personnel, or significant changes in the operator's senior management or equity ownership could adversely affect the income we receive from our SHOPs and have a material adverse effect on us.

The operator, which would be our TRS when we use a RIDEA lease structure, of a healthcare facility is generally required to be the holder of the applicable healthcare license. Any delay in obtaining the license, or failure to obtain one at all, could result in a delay or an inability to collect a significant portion of our revenue on the applicable property. Furthermore, this licensing requirement subjects us (through our ownership interest in our TRS) to various regulatory laws, including those described above. Most states regulate and inspect healthcare facility operations, patient care, construction and the safety of the physical environment. If one or more of our healthcare real estate facilities fails to comply with applicable laws, our TRS, if it holds the healthcare license and is the entity enrolled in government health care programs, would be subject to penalties including loss or suspension of license, certification or accreditation, exclusion from government healthcare programs (i.e., Medicare, Medicaid), administrative sanctions, civil monetary penalties, and in certain instances, criminal penalties. Additionally, when we receive individually identifiable health information relating to residents of our TRS-operated healthcare facilities, we are subject to federal and state data privacy and confidentiality laws and rules, and could be subject to liability in the event of an audit, complaint, or data breach. Furthermore, if our TRS holds the healthcare license, it could have exposure to professional liability claims arising out of an alleged breach of the applicable standard of care rules.

Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on the financial condition of co-venturers and disputes between us and our co-venturers.

We have made investments in certain assets through joint ventures and may continue to enter into joint ventures, partnerships and other co-ownership arrangements (including preferred equity investments) for the purpose of making investments. In such event, we may not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the joint venture. Investments in joint ventures may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present were a third party not involved, including the possibility that partners or co-venturers might become bankrupt or fail to fund their required capital contributions. Co-venturers may have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with our business interests or goals, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor the co-venturer would have full control over the joint venture. Disputes between us and co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers or directors from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, actions by or disputes with co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our co-venturers.

Costs associated with complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act may affect cash available for distributions.

Our properties are and will be subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the "Disabilities Act"). Under the Disabilities Act, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The Disabilities Act has separate compliance requirements for "public accommodations" and "commercial facilities" that generally require that buildings and services, including restaurants and retail stores, be made accessible and available to people with disabilities. The Disabilities Act's requirements could require removal of access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties, or, in some cases, an award of damages. There is no assurance that we will be able to acquire properties or allocate the burden on the seller or other third party, such as a tenant, to ensure compliance with the Disabilities Act. If we cannot, our funds used for Disabilities Act compliance may affect cash available for distributions and the amount of distributions paid to our stockholders.

Net leases may not result in fair market lease rates over time.

Some of our rental income is generated by net leases, which generally provide the tenant greater discretion in using the leased property than ordinary property leases, such as the right to freely sublease the property, to make alterations in the leased premises and to terminate the lease prior to its expiration under specified circumstances. Furthermore, net leases typically have longer lease terms and, thus, there is an increased risk that contractual rental increases in future years will fail to result in fair market rental rates during those years.

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We may be unable to renew leases or re-lease space as leases expire.

We may be unable to renew expiring leases on terms and conditions that are as, or more, favorable as the terms and conditions of the expiring leases. In addition, vacancies may occur at one or more of our properties due to a default by a tenant on its lease or expiration of a lease. Healthcare facilities in general and MOBs in particular tend to be specifically suited for the particular needs of their tenants and major renovations and expenditures may be required in order for us to re-lease vacant space. Vacancies may reduce the value of a property as a result of reduced cash flow generated by the property.

Our properties may be subject to impairment charges.

We periodically evaluate our real estate investments for impairment indicators. The judgment regarding the existence of impairment indicators is based on factors such as market conditions, tenant performance and legal structure. For example, the early termination of, or default under, a lease by a major tenant may lead to an impairment charge. If we determine that an impairment has occurred, we would be required to make a downward adjustment to the net carrying value of the property. Impairment charges also indicate a potential permanent adverse change in the fundamental operating characteristics of the impaired property. There is no assurance that these adverse changes will be reversed in the future and the decline in the impaired property's value could be permanent.

Our real estate investments are relatively illiquid, and therefore we may not be able to dispose of properties when we desire to do so or on favorable terms.

Investments in real properties are relatively illiquid. We may not be able to quickly alter our portfolio or generate capital by selling properties. The real estate market is affected by many factors, such as general economic conditions, availability of financing, interest rates and other factors, including supply and demand, that are beyond our control. If we need or desire to sell a property or properties, we cannot predict whether we will be able to do so at a price or on the terms and conditions acceptable to us. We cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property. Further, we may be required to invest monies to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. We can make no assurance that we will have funds available to correct these defects or to make these improvements. Moreover, in acquiring a property or incurring debt securing a property, we may agree to restrictions that prohibit the sale of that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These types of provisions restrict our ability to sell a property.

In addition, applicable provisions of the Code impose restrictions on the ability of a REIT to dispose of properties that are not applicable to other types of real estate companies. Thus, we may be unable to realize our investment objectives by selling or otherwise disposing of a property, or refinancing debt secured by the property, at attractive prices within any given period of time or may otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy.

Potential changes in U.S. accounting standards regarding operating leases may make the leasing of our properties less attractive to our potential tenants, which could reduce overall demand for our leasing services.

Under current authoritative accounting guidance for leases, a lease is classified by a tenant as a capital lease if the significant risks and rewards of ownership are considered to reside with the tenant. Under capital lease accounting for a tenant, both the leased asset and liability are reflected on their balance sheet. If the lease does not meet any of the criteria for a capital lease, the lease is considered an operating lease by the tenant, and the obligation does not appear on the tenant’s balance sheet; rather, the contractual future minimum payment obligations are only disclosed in the footnotes thereto. Thus, entering into an operating lease can appear to enhance a tenant’s balance sheet in comparison to direct ownership. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") and the International Accounting Standards Board (the "IASB") conducted a joint project to reevaluate lease accounting. In June 2013, the FASB and the IASB jointly finalized exposure drafts of a proposed accounting model that would significantly change lease accounting. In March 2014, the FASB and the IASB deliberated aspects of the joint project, including the lessee and lessor accounting models, lease term, and exemptions and simplifications. The final standards were released in February 2016 and will become effective for us in 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance. Changes to the accounting guidance could affect both our accounting for leases as well as that of our current and potential tenants. These changes may affect how the real estate leasing business is conducted. For example, if the accounting standards regarding the financial statement classification of operating leases are revised, then companies may be less willing to enter into leases in general or desire to enter into leases with shorter terms because the apparent benefits to their balance sheets could be reduced or eliminated. This in turn could cause a delay in investing our offering proceeds and make it more difficult for us to enter into leases on terms we find favorable.

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Risks Related to the Healthcare Industry

Our real estate investments are concentrated in healthcare-related facilities, and we may be negatively impacted by adverse trends in the healthcare industry.

We own and seek to acquire a diversified portfolio of healthcare-related assets including MOBs, SHOPs and other healthcare-related facilities. We are subject to risks inherent in concentrating investments in real estate and, in particular, healthcare-related assets. A downturn in the commercial real estate industry generally could significantly adversely affect the value of our properties. A downturn in the healthcare industry could particularly negatively affect our lessees' ability to make lease payments to us and our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. These adverse effects could be more pronounced than if we diversified our investments outside of real estate or if our portfolio did not include a concentration in healthcare-related assets.

Furthermore, the healthcare industry currently is experiencing rapid regulatory changes and uncertainty; changes in the demand for and methods of delivering healthcare services; changes in third party reimbursement policies; significant unused capacity in certain areas, which has created substantial competition for patients among healthcare providers in those areas; expansion of insurance providers into patient care; continuing pressure by private and governmental payors to reduce payments to providers of services; and increased scrutiny of billing, referral and other practices by federal and state authorities. These factors may adversely affect the economic performance of some or all of our tenants and, in turn, our revenues.

Certain of our properties may not have efficient alternative uses, so the loss of a tenant may cause us to not be able to find a replacement or cause us to spend considerable capital to adapt the property to an alternative use.

Some of our properties and the properties we will seek to acquire are healthcare-related assets that may only be suitable for similar healthcare-related tenants. If we or our tenants terminate the leases for these properties or our tenants lose their regulatory authority to operate such properties, we may not be able to locate suitable replacement tenants to lease the properties for their specialized uses. Alternatively, we may be required to spend substantial amounts to adapt the properties to other uses.

Our properties and tenants may be unable to compete successfully.

The properties we have acquired and will acquire may face competition from nearby hospitals and other medical facilities that provide comparable services. Some of those competing facilities are owned by governmental agencies and supported by tax revenues, and others are owned by nonprofit corporations and may be supported to a large extent by endowments and charitable contributions. These types of support are not available to our properties. Similarly, our tenants face competition from other medical practices in nearby hospitals and other medical facilities. Additionally, the introduction and explosion of new stakeholders competing with traditional providers in the healthcare market, including companies such as Amazon.com Inc., JPMorgan Chase & Co., Apple Inc., CVS Health Corporation, as well as telemedicine, telehealth and mhealth, are disrupting the healthcare industry. Our tenants' failure to compete successfully with these other practices and providers could adversely affect their ability to make rental payments, which could adversely affect our rental revenues.

Further, from time to time and for reasons beyond our control, referral sources, including physicians and managed care organizations, may change their lists of hospitals or physicians to which they refer patients. This could adversely affect our tenants' ability to make rental payments, which could adversely affect our rental revenues.

The healthcare industry is heavily regulated, and new laws or regulations, changes to existing laws or regulations, loss of licensure or failure to obtain licensure could result in the inability of our tenants to make rent payments to us.

The healthcare industry is heavily regulated by federal, state and local governmental bodies. The tenants in medical facilities we acquire generally are subject to laws and regulations covering, among other things, licensure, certification for participation in government programs, relationships with physicians and other referral sources, and the privacy and security of patient health information. Changes in these laws and regulations could negatively affect the ability of our tenants to make lease payments to us and our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. In most states, skilled nursing facilities and hospitals are subject to various state CON laws requiring governmental approval prior to the development or expansion of healthcare facilities and services. The approval process in these states generally requires a facility to demonstrate the need for additional or expanded healthcare facilities or services. CONs, where applicable, can also be conditions to regulatory approval of changes in ownership or control of licensed facilities, addition of beds, investment in major capital equipment, introduction of new services, termination of services previously approved through the CON process and other control or operational changes. Many of our medical facilities and their tenants may require a license or CON to operate. Failure to obtain a license or CON, or loss of a required license or CON, would prevent a facility from operating in the manner intended by the tenant and may restrict an operator's ability to expand properties and grow the operator's business in certain circumstances, which could have an adverse effect on the operator's or tenant's revenues, and in turn, negatively impact their ability to make rental payments under, and otherwise comply with the terms of their leases with us. State CON laws are not uniform throughout the United States and are subject to change. Additionally, in CON states, regulators are increasingly concentrating their activities on outpatient facilities and long-term care as those are expanding sectors of the health care industry. We cannot predict the impact of state CON laws on our improvement of medical facilities or the operations of our tenants. In addition, state CON laws often materially impact the ability of competitors to enter into the marketplace of our facilities. The repeal of CON laws could allow competitors to freely operate in previously closed markets. This could negatively affect our tenants' abilities to make current payments to us. In limited circumstances, loss of state licensure or certification

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or closure of a facility could ultimately result in loss of authority to operate the facility and require new CON authorization to re-institute operations.

Furthermore, uncertainty surrounding the implementation of the Affordable Care Act may adversely affect our operators. As the primary vehicle for comprehensive healthcare reform in the United States, the Affordable Care Act was designed to reduce the number of individuals in the United States without health insurance and change the ways in which healthcare is organized, delivered and reimbursed. The Affordable Care Act has faced ongoing legal challenges, including litigation seeking to invalidate some or all of the law or the manner in which it has been interpreted. In December 2017, a tax reform bill passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate was signed into law by President Trump, which repeals the penalty on individuals for failing to maintain health insurance as required under the Affordable Care Act effective in 2019. Therefore, starting in 2019, individuals may cancel their health insurance because there will be no penalty for failing to maintain such insurance. Additionally, in December 2018, a federal judge in the Northern District of Texas ruled that because Congress repealed this penalty on individuals, the individual mandate under the Affordable Care Act is thereby unconstitutional, and therefore, because the remainder of the Affordable Care Act is inseverable from the individual mandate, the entire Affordable Care Act is also unconstitutional. This decision was not, however, an injunction that would halt the enforcement of the Affordable Care Act or a final judgment. Nevertheless, if an injunction or a final judgment is made which declares the Affordable Care Act unconstitutional, states may not have to comply with its requirements, which could impact health insurance coverage for individuals. The legal challenges and legislative initiatives to roll back the Affordable Care Act continue and the outcomes are uncertain. The regulatory uncertainty and the potential impact on our tenants and operators could have an adverse material effect on their ability to satisfy their contractual obligations. Further, we are unable to predict the scope of future federal, state and local regulations and legislation, including Medicare and Medicaid statutes and regulations or judicial decisions, or the intensity of enforcement efforts with respect to such regulations and legislation, and any changes in the regulatory or judicial framework may have a material adverse effect on our tenants, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on us.

The expansion in health insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act is likely going to continue to erode in 2019 as cuts in advertising and outreach during the marketplace open-enrollment periods, shorter open enrollment periods, and other changes have left many Americans uncertain about their ability to access and be eligible for coverage. Additionally, the repeal of the individual mandate penalty included in the TCJA, recent actions to increase the availability of insurance policies that do not include Affordable Care Act minimum benefit standards, and support for Medicaid work requirements will likely impact the market. Accordingly, current and future payments under federal and state healthcare programs may not be sufficient to sustain a facility’s operations, which could adversely affect its ability to satisfy its contractual obligations, including making rental payments under, and otherwise complying with the terms of, the facility’s leases and other agreements with us.

The Affordable Care Act includes program integrity provisions that both create new authorities and expand existing authorities for federal and state governments to address fraud, waste and abuse in federal health programs. In addition, the Affordable Care Act expands reporting requirements and responsibilities related to facility ownership and management, patient safety and care quality. In the ordinary course of their businesses, our operators may be regularly subjected to inquiries, investigations and audits by federal and state agencies that oversee these laws and regulations. If they do not comply with the additional reporting requirements and responsibilities, our operators' ability to participate in federal health programs may be adversely affected. Moreover, there may be other aspects of the comprehensive healthcare reform legislation for which regulations have not yet been adopted, which, depending on how they are implemented, could materially and adversely affect our operators, and therefore our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.

The Affordable Care Act also requires the reporting and return of overpayments. Healthcare providers that fail to report and return an overpayment could face potential liability under the FCA and the CMPL and exclusion from federal healthcare programs. Accordingly, if our operators fail to comply with the Affordable Care Act’s requirements, they may be subject to significant monetary penalties and excluded from participation in Medicare and Medicaid, which could materially and adversely affect their ability to pay rent and satisfy other financial obligations to us.

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Reductions or changes in reimbursement from third-party payors, including Medicare and Medicaid, or delays in receiving these reimbursements, could adversely affect the profitability of our tenants and hinder their ability to make rent payments to us.

Sources of revenue for our tenants may include the federal Medicare program, state Medicaid programs, private insurance carriers and health maintenance organizations, among others. Efforts by such payors to reduce healthcare costs have intensified in recent years and will likely continue, which may result in reductions or slower growth in reimbursement for certain services provided by some of our tenants. The Medicare and Medicaid programs have adopted a variety of initiatives which have been incorporated and expanded by private insurance carriers, including health maintenance organizations and other health plans, to extract greater discounts and impose more stringent cost controls upon healthcare provider operations. Examples include, but are not limited to, changes in reimbursement rates and methodologies, such as bundled payments, capitation payments and discounted fee structures. As a result, our tenants and operators may face significant limits on the scope of services reimbursed and on reimbursement rates and fees. All of these changes could impact our operators' and tenants' ability to pay rent or other obligations to us. In addition, operators in certain states have experienced delays; some of which are, have been, and may be late in receiving reimbursements, which have adversely affected their ability to make rent payments to us. In addition, the failure of any of our tenants to comply with various laws and regulations could jeopardize their ability to continue participating in Medicare, Medicaid and other government-sponsored payment programs.

The healthcare industry continues to face various challenges, including increased government and private payor pressure on healthcare providers to control or reduce costs. Coverage expansions under the Affordable Care Act through the Medicaid expansion and health insurance exchanges may be scaled back or eliminated in the future because the Affordable Care Act has faced ongoing legal challenges and the future status of the Affordable Care Act is unknown. Moreover, President Trump’s administration has stated its intention to make changes to the Medicaid program and has permitted states to establish eligibility restrictions for Medicaid recipients, and there can be no assurance what these changes might entail. We cannot ensure that our tenants who currently depend on governmental or private payer reimbursement will be adequately reimbursed for the services they provide. The uncertain status of the Affordable Care Act and federal health care programs and the impact it may have on our tenants affects our ability to plan.

Any slowdown in the United States economy can negatively affect state budgets, thereby putting pressure on states to decrease spending on state programs including Medicaid. The need to control Medicaid expenditures may be exacerbated by the potential for increased enrollment in state Medicaid programs due to unemployment and declines in family incomes. Historically, some states have attempted to reduce Medicaid spending by limiting benefits and tightening Medicaid eligibility requirements. Most states have all, or a portion of their Medicaid population enrolled in an MCO (Managed Care Organization). Potential reductions to Medicaid program spending in response to state budgetary pressures could negatively impact the ability of our tenants to successfully operate their businesses.

Our tenants may continue to experience a shift in payor mix away from fee-for-service payors, resulting in an increase in the percentage of revenues attributable to managed care payors, and general industry trends that include pressures to control healthcare costs. In addition, some of our tenants may be subject to value-based purchasing programs, which base reimbursement on the quality and efficiency of care provided by facilities and require the public reporting of quality data and preventable adverse events to receive full reimbursement. Pressures to control healthcare costs and a shift away from traditional health insurance reimbursement to managed care plans have resulted in an increase in the number of patients whose healthcare coverage is provided under managed care plans, such as health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations. MACRA has also established a new payment framework, which modified certain Medicare payments to eligible clinicians, representing a fundamental change to physician reimbursement. These changes could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of some or all of our tenants in our properties. The financial impact on our tenants could restrict their ability to make rent payments to us.

Required regulatory approvals can delay or prohibit transfers of our healthcare facilities.

Transfers of healthcare facilities to successor tenants or operators are typically subject to regulatory approvals or ratifications, including, but not limited to, change of ownership approvals, zoning approvals, and Medicare and Medicaid provider arrangements that are either not required, or enjoy reduced requirements, in connection with transfers of other types of commercial operations and other types of real estate. The replacement of any tenant or operator could be delayed by the regulatory approval process of any federal, state or local government agency necessary for the transfer of the facility or the replacement of the operator licensed to manage the facility. If we are unable to find a suitable replacement tenant or operator upon favorable terms, or at all, we may take possession of a facility, which could expose us to successor liability, require us to indemnify subsequent operators to whom we transfer the operating rights and licenses, or require us to spend substantial time and funds to preserve the value of the property and adapt the facility to other uses, all of which may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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For example, our property in Lutz, Florida, which had been leased to one of the NuVista Tenants, transitioned to the SHOP segment as of January 1, 2018. In connection with this transition, we replaced a tenant with a TRS and engaged a third party to operate the property. During 2018, the new operator obtained a Medicare license. Prior to the operator obtaining this Medicare license, we were unable to bill Medicare for services performed and accumulated receivables. We were able to bill and collect the majority of these receivables during the year ended December 31, 2018; however, $0.7 million of these receivables are not collectible. We have reserved for the uncollectible receivables, resulting in bad debt expense during the year ended December 31, 2018, which is included in property operating and maintenance expense on the consolidated statement of operations. There can be no assurance as to the collectibility of these Medicare receivables. We may incur additional bad debt expense in connection with future transitions of properties to our SHOP segment due to the delay the new operator may experience in obtaining a Medicare license. See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Palm and the NuVista Tenants" for further details.

A reduction in Medicare payment rates for skilled nursing facilities may have an adverse effect on the Medicare reimbursements received by certain of our tenants.

Several government initiatives have resulted in reductions in funding of the Medicare and Medicaid programs and additional changes in reimbursement regulations by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ("CMS"), contributing to enhanced pressure to contain healthcare costs and additional operational requirements, which has impacted our tenants' ability to make rent payments to us. The Medicare and Medicaid programs have adopted a variety of initiatives which have been incorporated and expanded by private insurance carriers, including health maintenance organizations and other health plans, to extract greater discounts and impose more stringent cost controls upon healthcare provider operations. As a result, our tenants and operators may face reductions in reimbursement rates and fees. Operators in certain states have experienced delays in receiving reimbursements, which has adversely affected their ability to make rent payments to us. Similar delays, or reductions in reimbursements, may continue to impose financial and operational challenges for our tenants and operators, which may affect their ability to make contractual payments to us.

On April 16, 2015, President Obama signed MACRA into law, which among other things, permanently repealed the Sustainable Growth Rate formula ("SGR"), and provided for an annual rate increase of 0.5% for physicians through 2019. MACRA established a new payment framework, called the Quality Payment Program, which modified certain Medicare payments to “eligible clinicians,” including physicians, dentists, and other practitioners. MACRA represents a fundamental change in physician reimbursement and threatens physician reimbursement under Medicare. A final rule updating certain Quality Payment Program regulations was published on effective on January 1, 2018. The implications of MACRA are uncertain and will depend on future regulatory activity and physician activity in the marketplace. MACRA may encourage physicians to move from smaller practices to larger physician groups or hospital employment, leading to further industry consolidation.

In addition, on July 31, 2018, CMS announced a final rule that projects increased aggregate Medicare payments to skilled nursing facilities by approximately $820 million for fiscal year 2019. If these rate increases and payments under Medicare to our tenants do not continue or increase, our tenants may have difficulty making rent payments to us.

Furthermore, under a program facilitated by the CMS known as the SNF Value-Based Purchasing Program, CMS began withholding 2% of SNF Medicare payments beginning October 1, 2018, to fund an incentive payment pool. CMS will then redistribute 50-70% of the withheld payments back to high performing SNFs. The lowest ranked 40% of facilities will receive payments that are less than what they otherwise would have received without the program. As a result, certain of our tenants could receive less in Medicare reimbursement payments, which could adversely affect their ability to make rent payments to us earn less.

There have been numerous initiatives on the federal and state levels for comprehensive reforms affecting the payment for and availability of healthcare services. We may own and acquire skilled nursing facility assets that rely on revenue from Medicaid or Medicare. Our tenants have and may experience limited increases or reductions in Medicare payments and aspects of certain of these government initiatives, such as further reductions in funding of the Medicare and Medicaid programs, additional changes in reimbursement regulations by CMS, enhanced pressure to contain healthcare costs by Medicare, Medicaid and other payors, and additional operational requirements may adversely affect their ability to make rental payments. For example, CMS is focused on reducing what it considers to be payment errors by identifying, reporting, and implementing actions to reduce payment error vulnerabilities. In November 2018, CMS announced its successes in reducing the 2018 Medicare improper payment rate and specifically called out successes of its actions to address improper payments in home health and skilled nursing facility claims.

In addition, CMS is currently in the midst of transitioning Medicare from a traditional fee for service reimbursement model to a capitated system, which means medical providers are given a set fee per patient regardless of treatment required, and value-based and bundled payment approaches, where the government pays a set amount for each beneficiary for a defined period of time, based on that person's underlying medical needs, rather than based on the actual services provided. Providers and facilities are increasing responsible to care for and be financially responsible for certain populations of patients under the population health models and this shift in patient management paradigm is creating and will continue to create unprecedented challenges for providers.

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Certain of our facilities may be subject to pre- and post-payment reviews and audits by governmental authorities, which could result in recoupments, denials or delay of payments and could adversely affect the profitability of our tenants.

Certain of our facilities may be subject to periodic pre- and post-payment reviews and audits by governmental authorities. If the review or audit shows a facility is not in compliance with federal and state requirements, previous payments to the facility may be recouped and future payments may be denied or delayed. Recoupments, denials or delay of payments could adversely affect the profitability of our tenants and hinder their ability to make rent payments to us.

Events that adversely affect the ability of seniors and their families to afford daily resident fees at our SHOPs could cause our occupancy rates and resident fee revenues to decline.

Assisted and independent living services generally are not reimbursable under government reimbursement programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. Substantially all of the resident fee revenues generated by our SHOPs, therefore, are derived from private pay sources consisting of the income or assets of residents or their family members. The rates for these residents are set by the facilities based on local market conditions and operating costs. In light of the significant expense associated with building new properties and staffing and other costs of providing services, typically only seniors with income or assets that meet or exceed the comparable region median can afford the daily resident and care fees at our SHOPs, and a weak economy, depressed housing market or changes in demographics could adversely affect their continued ability to do so. If the managers of our SHOPs are unable to attract and retain seniors that have sufficient income, assets or other resources to pay the fees associated with assisted and independent living services, the occupancy rates, resident fee revenues and results of operations of our SHOPs could decline.

Residents in our SHOPs may terminate leases.

State regulations generally require assisted living communities to have a written lease agreement with each resident that permits the resident to terminate his or her lease for any reason on reasonable notice, unlike typical apartment lease agreements that have initial terms of one year or longer. Due to these lease termination rights and the advanced age of the residents, the resident turnover rate in our SHOPs may be difficult to predict. A large number of resident lease agreements may terminate at or around the same time, and the affected units may remain unoccupied.

Some tenants of our healthcare-related assets are subject to fraud and abuse laws, the violation of which by a tenant may jeopardize the tenant's ability to make rent payments to us.

There are various federal and state laws prohibiting fraudulent and abusive business practices by healthcare providers who participate in, receive payments from or are in a position to make referrals in connection with government-sponsored healthcare programs, including the Medicare and Medicaid programs.

Our lease arrangements with certain tenants may also be subject to these fraud and abuse laws. These laws include the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, the offer, payment, solicitation or receipt of any form of remuneration in return for, or to induce, the referral of any item or service reimbursed by Medicare or Medicaid; the Federal Physician Self-Referral Prohibition (commonly referred to as the "Stark Law"), which, subject to specific exceptions, restricts physicians from making referrals for specifically designated health services for which payment may be made under Medicare or Medicaid programs to an entity with which the physician, or an immediate family member, has a financial relationship; the FCA, which prohibits any person from knowingly presenting false or fraudulent claims for payment to the federal government, including claims paid by the Medicare and Medicaid programs; and the CMPL, which authorizes the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to impose monetary penalties for certain fraudulent acts.

Each of these laws includes substantial criminal or civil penalties for violations that range from punitive sanctions, damage assessments, penalties, imprisonment, denial of Medicare and Medicaid payments or exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs. In 2016, the scope of the Office of Inspector General's authority to enforce the CMPL was increased. Certain laws, such as the FCA, allow for individuals to bring whistleblower actions on behalf of the government for violations thereof. Individuals have tremendous potential financial gain in bringing whistleblower claims as the FCA statute provides that the individual will receive a portion of the money recouped. Additionally, violations of the FCA can result in treble damages. Significant enforcement activity has been the result of actions brought by these individuals. Additionally, certain states in which the facilities are located also have similar fraud and abuse laws. Federal and state adoption and enforcement of such laws increase the regulatory burden and costs, and potential liability, of healthcare providers. Investigation by a federal or state governmental body for violation of fraud and abuse laws, and these state laws have their own penalties which may be in additional to federal penalties.

Investigation by a federal or state governmental body for violation of fraud and abuse laws or imposition of any of these penalties upon one of our tenants could jeopardize that tenant's business, its reputation, and its ability to operate or to make rent payments. Increased funding for investigation and enforcement efforts, accompanied by an increased pressure to eliminate government waste, has led to a significant increase in the number of investigations and enforcement actions over the past several years, a trend which is not anticipated to decrease considerably.

Tenants of our healthcare-related assets may be subject to significant legal actions that could subject them to increased operating costs and substantial uninsured liabilities, which may affect their ability to pay their rent payments to us.

As is typical in the healthcare industry, certain types of tenants of our healthcare-related assets may often become subject to claims that their services have resulted in patient injury or other adverse effects. The insurance coverage maintained by these

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tenants may not cover all claims made against them nor continue to be available at a reasonable cost, if at all. In some states, insurance coverage for the risk of punitive damages arising from professional liability and general liability claims or litigation may not, in certain cases, be available to these tenants due to state law prohibitions or limitations of availability. As a result, these types of tenants operating in these states may be liable for punitive damage awards that are either not covered or are in excess of their insurance policy limits. Recently, there has been an increase in governmental investigations of certain healthcare providers, particularly in the area of Medicare/Medicaid false claims, as well as an increase in enforcement actions resulting from these investigations. Insurance may not available to cover such losses. Any adverse determination in a legal proceeding or governmental investigation, whether currently asserted or arising in the future, could have a material adverse effect on a tenant's financial condition. If a tenant is unable to obtain or maintain insurance coverage, if judgments are obtained in excess of the insurance coverage, if a tenant is required to pay uninsured punitive damages, or if a tenant is subject to an uninsurable government enforcement action, the tenant could be exposed to substantial additional liabilities, which may affect the tenant's business, operations and ability to pay rent to us.

We may experience adverse effects as a result of potential financial and operational challenges faced by the operators of any seniors housing facilities and skilled nursing facilities we own or acquire.

Operators of any seniors housing facilities and skilled nursing facilities may face operational challenges from potentially reduced revenue streams and increased demands on their existing financial resources. Our skilled nursing operators' revenues likely are primarily derived from governmentally funded reimbursement programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. Accordingly, our facility operators will be subject to the potential negative effects of decreased reimbursement rates or other changes in reimbursement policy or programs offered through such reimbursement programs. Our operators' revenue may also be adversely affected as a result of falling occupancy rates or slow lease-ups for assisted and independent living facilities due to the recent turmoil in the capital debt and real estate markets. In addition, our facility operators may incur additional demands on their existing financial resources as a result of increases in seniors housing facility operator liability, insurance premiums and other operational expenses. The economic deterioration of an operator could cause such operator to file for bankruptcy protection. The bankruptcy or insolvency of an operator may adversely affect the income produced by the property or properties it operates. Our financial position could be weakened and our ability to pay distributions could be limited if any of our seniors housing facility operators were unable to meet their financial obligations to us.

Our operators' performance and economic condition may be negatively affected if they fail to comply with various complex federal and state laws that govern a wide array of referrals, relationships and licensure requirements in the senior healthcare industry. The violation of any of these laws or regulations by a seniors housing facility operator may result in the imposition of fines or other penalties that could jeopardize that operator's ability to make payment obligations to us or to continue operating its facility. In addition, legislative proposals are commonly being introduced or proposed in federal and state legislatures that could affect major changes in the seniors housing sector, either nationally or at the state level. It is impossible to say with any certainty whether this proposed legislation will be adopted or, if adopted, what effect such legislation would have on our facility operators and our seniors housing operations.

Risks Associated with Debt Financing and Investments

Our level of indebtedness may increase our business risks.

As of December 31, 2018, we had total outstanding gross indebtedness of $1.1 billion. We may incur additional indebtedness in the future for various purposes. The amount of this indebtedness could have material adverse consequences for us, including:

•hindering our ability to adjust to changing market, industry or economic conditions;

• limiting our ability to access the capital markets to raise additional equity or debt on favorable terms or at all, whether to refinance maturing debt, to fund acquisitions, to fund distributions or for other corporate purposes;

• limiting the amount of free cash flow available for future operations, acquisitions, distributions, stock repurchases or other uses; and

•making us more vulnerable to economic or industry downturns, including interest rate increases.

In most instances, we acquire real properties by using either existing financing or borrowing new funds. In addition, we may incur mortgage debt and pledge all or some of our real properties as security for that debt to obtain funds to acquire additional real properties or for other corporate purposes. We may also borrow if we need funds to satisfy the REIT tax qualification requirement that we generally distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. We also may borrow if we otherwise deem it necessary or advisable to assure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT.

There is no limit on the amount we may borrow against any single improved property. High debt levels would cause us to incur higher interest charges, would result in higher debt service payments and could cause restrictive covenants to become applicable from time to time.

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If there is a shortfall between the cash flow from a property and the cash flow needed to service mortgage debt on that property, especially if we acquire the property when it is being developed or under construction. Using leverage increases the risk of loss because defaults on indebtedness secured by a property may result in lenders initiating foreclosure actions. In that case, we could lose the property securing the loan that is in default, thus reducing the value of our stockholders’ investment in us. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds. In this event, we may be unable to pay the amount of distributions required in order to maintain our REIT status. We may give full or partial guarantees to lenders of mortgage debt to the entities that own our properties. When we provide a guaranty on behalf of an entity that owns one of our properties, we will be responsible to the lender for repaying the debt if it is not paid by the entity. If any mortgages contain cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, a default on a single property could affect multiple properties.

Our New Credit Facility and other financing arrangements have restrictive covenants relating to our operations and distributions.

Our New Credit Facility and other financing arrangements contain provisions that affect or restrict our distribution and operating policies, require us to satisfy financial coverage ratios, and may restrict our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, make certain investments, replace our Advisor, discontinue insurance coverage, merge with another company, and create, incur or assume liens. These or other limitations may adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our investment and operating objectives. See "—Risks Related to Our Properties and Operations — Provisions in our New Credit Facility currently restrict us from increasing the rate we pay distributions to our stockholders, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue paying distributions at the current rate, or at all."

The debt markets may be volatile.

Volatility or disruption in debt markets could result in lenders increasing the cost for debt financing or limiting the availability of debt financing. If the overall cost of borrowings increase, either by increases in the index rates or by increases in lender spreads, we will need to factor such increases into the economics of future acquisitions. This may result in future acquisitions generating lower overall economic returns. If debt markets experience volatility or disruptions, our ability to borrow monies to finance the purchase of, or other activities related to, real estate assets will be negatively impacted.

If we are unable to borrow monies on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, we likely will have to reduce the number of properties we can purchase, and the return on the properties we do purchase may be lower. In addition, we may find it difficult, costly or impossible to refinance indebtedness which is maturing.

In addition, the state of the debt markets could have an impact on the overall amount of capital available to invest in real estate which may result in price or value decreases of real estate assets. This could negatively impact the value of our assets after the time we acquire them.

Increases in mortgage rates may make it difficult for us to finance or refinance indebtedness secured by our properties.

We have incurred, and may continue to incur, mortgage debt. We run the risk of being unable to refinance our mortgage loans when they come due or we otherwise desire to do so on favorable terms, or at all. If interest rates are higher when the indebtedness is refinanced, we may not be able to refinance indebtedness secured by the properties and we may be required to obtain equity financing to repay the mortgage or the property as security for the loan may be subject to foreclosure.

Increases in interest rates could increase the amount of our debt payments and adversely affect our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders and we may be adversely affected by uncertainty surrounding LIBOR.

We have incurred, and may continue to incur, variable-rate debt. Increases in interest rates would increase our interest costs, which could reduce our cash flows and our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. If we refinance long-term debt at increased interest rates it may reduce the cash we have available to pay distributions to our stockholders. In addition, if we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments in properties at times that may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments.

Some or all of our variable-rate indebtedness may use the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or similar rates as a benchmark for establishing the applicable interest rate. LIBOR rates increased in 2018 and may continue to increase in future periods. If we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we may need to sell one or more of our investments in properties even though we would not otherwise choose to do so.

Moreover, in July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee ("ARRC") has proposed that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") is the rate that represents best practice as the alternative to USD-LIBOR for use in derivatives and other financial contracts that are currently indexed to USD-LIBOR. ARRC has proposed a paced market transition plan to SOFR from USD-LIBOR and organizations are currently working on industry wide and company specific transition plans as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to USD-LIBOR. The consequence of these developments cannot be entirely predicted but could include an increase in the cost of our variable rate indebtedness.

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Any hedging strategies we utilize may not be successful in mitigating our risks.

We have and may continue to enter into hedging transactions to manage risk of interest rate changes, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or own real estate assets. To the extent that we use derivative financial instruments in connection with these risks, we will be exposed to credit, basis and legal enforceability risks. Derivative financial instruments may include interest rate swap contracts, interest rate cap or floor contracts, futures or forward contracts, options or repurchase agreements. In this context, credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. If the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes us, which creates credit risk for us. Basis risk occurs when the index upon which the contract is based is more or less variable than the index upon which the hedged asset or liability is based, thereby making the hedge less effective. Finally, legal enforceability risks encompass general contractual risks, including the risk that the counterparty will breach the terms of, or fail to perform its obligations under, the derivative contract.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Risks

Our failure to remain qualified as a REIT would subject us to U.S. federal income tax and potentially state and local tax, and would adversely affect our operations and the market price of our common stock.

We elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2013 and intend to operate in a manner that would allow us to continue to qualify as a REIT. However, we may terminate our REIT qualification, if the Board determines that not qualifying as a REIT is in our best interests, or inadvertently. Our qualification as a REIT depends upon our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. The REIT qualification requirements are extremely complex and interpretation of the U.S. federal income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT is limited. Furthermore, any opinion of our counsel, including tax counsel, as to our eligibility to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT is not binding on the IRS and is not a guarantee that we will qualify, or continue to qualify, as a REIT. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in operating so we can qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends on our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals. Our compliance with the REIT income or quarterly asset requirements also requires us to successfully manage the composition of our income and assets on an ongoing basis. Accordingly, if certain of our operations were to be recharacterized by the IRS, such recharacterization would jeopardize our ability to satisfy all requirements for qualification as a REIT. Furthermore, future legislative, judicial or administrative changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws could be applied retroactively, which could result in our disqualification as a REIT.

If we fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, and we do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at the corporate rate. In addition, we would generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year of losing our REIT qualification. Losing our REIT qualification would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to stockholders would no longer qualify for the dividends paid deduction, and we would no longer be required to make distributions. If this occurs, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax.

Even if we qualify as a REIT, in certain circumstances, we may incur tax liabilities that would reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

Even if we qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, we may be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. For example, net income from the sale of properties that are "dealer" properties sold by a REIT and that do not meet a safe harbor available under the Code (a "prohibited transaction" under the Code) will be subject to a 100% tax. We may not make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. We also may decide to retain net capital gain we earn from the sale or other disposition of our property and pay U.S. federal income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would be treated as if they earned that income and paid the tax on it directly. However, stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability unless they file U.S. federal income tax returns and thereon seek a refund of such tax. We also will be subject to corporate tax on any undistributed REIT taxable income. We also may be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, including franchise, payroll and transfer taxes, either directly or at the level of our OP or at the level of the other companies through which we indirectly own our assets, such as TRSs, which are subject to full U.S. federal, state, local and foreign corporate-level income taxes. Any taxes we pay directly or indirectly will reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

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To continue to qualify as a REIT we must meet annual distribution requirements, which may force us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities or borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions. This could delay or hinder our ability to meet our investment objectives and reduce an overall return.

In order to continue to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (a) 85% of our ordinary income, (b) 95% of our capital gain net income and (c) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. These requirements could cause us to distribute amounts that otherwise would be spent on investments in real estate assets and it is possible that we might be required to borrow funds, possibly at unfavorable rates, or sell assets to fund these distributions. It is possible that we might not always be able to make distributions sufficient to meet the annual distribution requirements and to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our earnings while we qualify as a REIT.

Certain of our business activities are potentially subject to the prohibited transaction tax, which could reduce the return on an investment in our shares.

For so long as we qualify as a REIT, our ability to dispose of property during the first few years following acquisition may be restricted to a substantial extent as a result of our REIT qualification. Under applicable provisions of the Code regarding prohibited transactions by REITs, while we qualify as a REIT and provided we do not meet a safe harbor available under the Code, we will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on the net income recognized on the sale or other disposition of any property (other than foreclosure property) that we own, directly or indirectly through any subsidiary entity, including our OP, but generally excluding TRSs, that is deemed to be inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Whether property is inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on the particular facts and circumstances surrounding each property. We intend to avoid the 100% prohibited transaction tax by (a) conducting activities that may otherwise be considered prohibited transactions through a TRS (but such TRS would incur corporate rate income taxes with respect to any income or gain recognized by it), (b) conducting our operations in such a manner so that no sale or other disposition of an asset we own, directly or indirectly through any subsidiary, will be treated as a prohibited transaction or (c) structuring certain dispositions of our properties to comply with the requirements of the prohibited transaction safe harbor available under the Code for properties that, among other requirements, have been held for at least two years. Despite our present intention, no assurance can be given that any particular property we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity, including our OP, but generally excluding TRSs, will not be treated as inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.

Our TRSs are subject to corporate-level taxes and our dealings with our TRSs may be subject to a 100% excise tax.

A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 20% (25% for taxable years beginning prior to January 1, 2018) of the gross value of a REIT's assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT, including gross income from operations pursuant to management contracts. We may lease some of our seniors housing properties that are "qualified health care properties" to one or more TRSs which in turn contract with independent third-party management companies to operate such "qualified health care properties" on behalf of such TRSs. We may use TRSs generally for other activities as well, such as to hold properties for sale in the ordinary course of a trade or business or to hold assets or conduct activities that we cannot conduct directly as a REIT. A TRS will be subject to applicable U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax on its taxable income. In addition, the Code imposes a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm's-length basis.

If our OP failed to qualify as a partnership or is not otherwise disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT.

If the IRS were to successfully challenge the status of our OP as a partnership or disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it would be taxable as a corporation. In such event, this would reduce the amount of distributions that our OP could make to us. This also would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT, and becoming subject to a corporate-level tax on our income. This substantially would reduce our cash available to pay distributions and the yield on our stockholders' investment. In addition, if any of the partnerships or limited liability companies through which our OP owns its properties, in whole or in part, loses its characterization as a partnership and is otherwise not disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such partnership or limited liability company would be subject to taxation as a corporation, thereby reducing distributions to the OP. Such a recharacterization of an underlying property owner could also threaten our ability to maintain our REIT qualification.

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If our "qualified health care properties" are not properly leased to a TRS or the managers of such "qualified health care properties" do not qualify as "eligible independent contractors," we could fail to qualify as a REIT.

In general, we cannot operate any of our seniors housing properties that are "qualified health care properties" and can only indirectly participate in the operation of "qualified health care properties" on an after-tax basis through leases of such properties to health care facility operators or our TRSs. A "qualified health care property" includes any real property, and any personal property incident to such real property, which is, or is necessary or incidental to the use of, a hospital, nursing facility, assisted living facility, congregate care facility, qualified continuing care facility, or other licensed facility which extends medical or nursing or ancillary services to patients and which is operated by a provider of such services which is eligible for participation in the Medicare program with respect to such facility. Furthermore, rent paid by a lessee that is a "related party tenant" of ours will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs. However, a TRS that leases "qualified health care properties" from us will not be treated as a "related party tenant" with respect to our "qualified health care properties" that are managed by an independent management company, so long as the independent management company qualifies as an "eligible independent contractor."

Each of the management companies that enters into a management contract with our TRSs must qualify as an "eligible independent contractor" under the REIT rules in order for the rent paid to us by our TRSs that lease "qualified health care properties" to be qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. An "eligible independent contractor" is an independent contractor that, at the time such contractor enters into a management or other agreement with a TRS to operate a "qualified health care property," is actively engaged in the trade or business of operating "qualified health care properties" for any person not related, as defined in the Code, to us or the TRS. Among other requirements, in order to qualify as an independent contractor a manager must not own, directly or applying attribution provisions of the Code, more than 35% of our outstanding shares of stock (by value), and no person or group of persons can own more than 35% of our outstanding shares and 35% of the ownership interests of the manager (taking into account only owners of more than 5% of our shares and, with respect to ownership interest in such managers that are publicly traded, only holders of more than 5% of such ownership interests). The ownership attribution rules that apply for purposes of the 35% thresholds are complex. There can be no assurance that the levels of ownership of our stock by our managers and their owners will not be exceeded.

If our leases to our TRSs are not respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we likely would fail to qualify as a REIT.

To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income tests, under which specified percentages of our gross income must be derived from certain sources, such as “rents from real property.” Rents paid to our OP by our TRSs pursuant to the lease of our “qualified healthcare properties” will constitute a substantial portion of our gross income. In order for such rent to qualify as “rents from real property” for purposes of the REIT gross income tests, the leases must be respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes and not be treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. If our leases are not respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may fail to qualify as a REIT.

We may choose to make distributions in our own stock, in which case stockholders may be required to pay U.S. federal income taxes in excess of the cash portion of distributions stockholders receive.

In connection with our qualification as a REIT, we are required to distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. In order to satisfy this requirement, we may make distributions that are payable in cash or shares of our common stock (which could account for up to 80% of the aggregate amount of such distributions) at the election of each stockholder. Taxable stockholders receiving such distributions will be required to include the full amount of such distributions as ordinary dividend income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, U.S. stockholders may be required to pay U.S. federal income taxes with respect to such distributions in excess of the cash portion of the distribution received.

Accordingly, U.S. stockholders receiving a distribution of our shares may be required to sell shares received in such distribution or may be required to sell other stock or assets owned by them, at a time that may be disadvantageous, in order to satisfy any tax imposed on such distribution. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock that it receives as part of the distribution in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the distribution, depending on the market price of our stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such distribution, including in respect of all or a portion of such distribution that is payable in stock, by withholding or disposing of part of the shares included in such distribution and using the proceeds of such disposition to satisfy the withholding tax imposed. In addition, there is no established trading market for our shares, thus stockholders may not be able to sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividend income.

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The taxation of distributions to our stockholders can be complex; however, distributions that we make to our stockholders generally will be taxable as ordinary income, which may reduce our stockholders anticipated return from an investment in us.

Distributions that we make to our taxable stockholders out of current and accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income) generally will be taxable as ordinary income. For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, noncorporate stockholders are entitled to a 20% deduction with respect to these ordinary REIT dividends which would, if allowed in full, result in a maximum effective federal income tax rate on them of 29.6% (or 33.4% including the 3.8% surtax on net investment income); although, the 20% deduction is scheduled to sunset after December 31, 2025. However, a portion of our distributions may (1) be designated by us as capital gain dividends generally taxable as long-term capital gain to the extent that the extent the distributions are attributable to net capital gain recognized by us, (2) be designated by us as qualified dividend income, taxable at capital gains rates, generally to the extent they are attributable to dividends we receive from our TRSs, or (3) constitute a return of capital generally to the extent that they exceed our accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A return of capital is not taxable, but has the effect of reducing the tax basis of a stockholder's investment in our common stock. Distributions that exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits and a stockholder’s tax basis in our common stock generally will be taxable as capital gain.

Our stockholders may have tax liability on distributions that they elect to reinvest in common stock, but they would not receive the cash from such distributions to pay such tax liability.

Stockholders who participate in the DRIP, will be deemed to have received, and for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in shares of our common stock to the extent the amount reinvested was not a tax-free return of capital. In addition, our stockholders are treated for tax purposes as having received an additional distribution to the extent the shares are purchased at a discount to fair market value. As a result, unless a stockholder is a tax-exempt entity, it may have to use funds from other sources to pay its tax liability on the value of the shares of common stock received.

Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.

The maximum tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for this reduced rate. Although this does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common stock. Tax rates could be changed in future legislation.

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.

The REIT provisions of the Code may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction we enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets, or in certain cases to hedge previously acquired hedges entered into to manage risks associated with property that has been disposed of or liabilities that have been extinguished, if properly identified under applicable Treasury Regulations, does not constitute "gross income" for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions will likely be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may need to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because our TRSs would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in a TRS generally will not provide any tax benefit, except for being carried forward against future taxable income of such TRS.

Complying with REIT requirements may force us to forgo or liquidate otherwise attractive investment opportunities.

To qualify as a REIT, we must ensure that we meet the REIT gross income tests annually and that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified REIT real estate assets, including certain mortgage loans and certain kinds of mortgage-related securities. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than securities that qualify for the 75% asset test and securities of qualified REIT subsidiaries and TRSs) generally cannot exceed 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer, 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer, or 5% of the value of our assets as to any one issuer. In addition, no more than 20% of the value of our total assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs and no more than 25% of our assets may be represented by publicly offered REIT debt instruments that do not otherwise qualify under the 75% asset test. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate assets from our portfolio or not make otherwise attractive investments in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT.

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The ability of the Board to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval may subject us to U.S. federal income tax and reduce distributions to our stockholders.

Our charter provides that the Board may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we would become subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income (as well as applicable state and local corporate tax) and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on the return earned on an investment in our shares.

We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could increase our tax liability.

In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made in the provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments similar to an investment in shares of our common stock. Additional changes to the tax laws are likely to continue to occur, and we cannot assure our stockholders that any such changes will not adversely affect the taxation of a stockholder. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in our shares or on the market value or the resale potential of our assets. Our stockholders are urged to consult with their tax advisors with respect to the impact of recent legislation on their investment in our shares and the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our shares.

Although REITs generally receive better tax treatment than entities taxed as regular corporations, it is possible that future legislation would result in a REIT having fewer tax advantages, and it could become more advantageous for a company that invests in real estate to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a corporation. As a result, our charter provides the Board with the power, under certain circumstances, to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election and cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, without the vote of our stockholders. The Board has fiduciary duties to us and our stockholders and could only cause such changes in our tax treatment if it determines in good faith that such changes are in the best interest of us and our stockholders.

The share ownership restrictions of the Code for REITs and the 9.8% share ownership limit in our charter may inhibit market activity in shares of stock and restrict our business combination opportunities.

In order to qualify as a REIT, five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code, may not own, actually or constructively, more than 50% in value of our issued and outstanding shares of stock at any time during the last half of each taxable year, other than the first year for which a REIT election is made. Attribution rules in the Code determine if any individual or entity actually or constructively owns our shares of stock under this requirement. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our shares of stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year for each taxable year, other than the first year for which a REIT election is made. To help ensure that we meet these tests, among other purposes, our charter restricts the acquisition and ownership of our shares of stock.

Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT while we so qualify. Unless exempted by the Board, for so long as we qualify as a REIT, our charter prohibits, among other limitations on ownership and transfer of shares of our stock, any person from beneficially or constructively owning (applying certain attribution rules under the Code) more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of our outstanding shares of stock and more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of our shares of stock. The Board may not grant an exemption from these restrictions to any proposed transferee whose ownership in excess of the 9.8% ownership limit would result in the termination of our qualification as a REIT. These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply, however, if the Board determines that it is no longer in our best interest to qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions is no longer required in order for us to so qualify as a REIT.

These ownership limits could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of the stockholders.

Non-U.S. stockholders will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax and may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on distributions received from us and upon the disposition of our shares.

Subject to certain exceptions, distributions received from us will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such dividends ordinarily will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty, unless the distributions are treated as "effectively connected" with the conduct by the non-U.S. stockholder of a U.S. trade or business. Pursuant to the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 ("FIRPTA"), capital gain distributions attributable to sales or exchanges of "U.S. real property interests" ("USRPIs") generally will be taxed to a non-U.S. stockholder (other than a qualified pension plan, entities wholly owned by a qualified pension plan and certain foreign publicly traded entities) as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business.

44

Gain recognized by a non-U.S. stockholder upon the sale or exchange of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless such stock constitutes a USRPI under FIRPTA. Our common stock will not constitute a USRPI so long as we are a "domestically-controlled qualified investment entity." A domestically-controlled qualified investment entity includes a REIT if at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of such REIT's stock is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. stockholders. There is no assurance that we will be a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity.

Potential characterization of distributions or gain on sale may be treated as unrelated business taxable income to tax-exempt investors.

If (a) we are a "pension-held REIT," (b) a tax-exempt stockholder has incurred (or is deemed to have incurred) debt to purchase or hold our common stock, or (c) a holder of common stock is a certain type of tax-exempt stockholder, dividends on, and gains recognized on the sale of, common stock by such tax-exempt stockholder may be subject to U.S. federal income tax as unrelated business taxable income under the Code.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2. Properties

The following table presents certain additional information about the properties we owned as of December 31, 2018:

Portfolio	Number of Properties	Rentable Square Feet	Percent Leased (1)	Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (2)	Gross Asset Value (4)
					(In thousands)
Medical Office Buildings	111	3,886,201	88.4%	4.8	$	1,055,873
Triple-Net Leased Healthcare Facilities (3):
Seniors Housing — Triple Net Leased	4	102,753	100.0%	12.0	55,000
Hospitals	6	514,962	90.7%	7.4	133,540
Post Acute / Skilled Nursing	9	486,316	100.0%	9.7	139,565
Total Triple-Net Leased Healthcare Facilities	19	1,104,031	95.7%	8.9	328,105
Seniors Housing — Operating Properties	58	4,152,207	85.7%	N/A	1,100,763
Land	2	N/A	N/A	N/A	3,665
Construction in Progress	1	N/A	N/A	N/A	90,829
Portfolio, December 31, 2018	191	9,142,439			$	2,579,235

_______________

⁽¹⁾  Inclusive of leases signed but not yet commenced as of December 31, 2018.

⁽²⁾  Weighted-average remaining lease term in years is calculated based on square feet as of December 31, 2018.

⁽³⁾  Revenues for our triple-net leased healthcare facilities generally consist of fixed rental amounts (subject to annual contractual escalations) received from our tenants in accordance with the applicable lease terms and do not vary based on the underlying operating performance of the properties.

⁽⁴⁾  Gross Asset Value represents the total real estate investments, at cost, assets held for sale at carrying value, net of gross market lease intangible liabilities.

N/A Not applicable.

45

The following table details the geographic distribution, by state, of our portfolio as of December 31, 2018:

State	Number of Buildings	Annualized Rental Income (1)		Annualized Rental Income as a Percentage of the Total Portfolio		Rentable Square Feet	Percentage of Portfolio Rentable Square Feet
		(In thousands)
Alabama	1	$	159	—	%	5,564	0.1	%
Arizona	14	14,712		4.2	%	509,069	5.6	%
Arkansas	3	15,493		4.4	%	248,783	2.7	%
California	7	13,261		3.8	%	366,031	4.0	%
Colorado	2	1,669		0.5	%	59,483	0.7	%
Florida	23	57,986		16.6	%	1,205,202	13.2	%
Georgia	15	35,055		10.1	%	821,265	9.0	%
Idaho	1	2,731		0.8	%	55,846	0.6	%
Illinois	17	18,649		5.3	%	641,836	7.0	%
Indiana	5	3,660		1.0	%	163,035	1.8	%
Iowa	14	29,845		8.6	%	585,667	6.4	%
Kansas	1	4,485		1.3	%	49,360	0.5	%
Kentucky	2	2,754		0.8	%	92,875	1.0	%
Louisiana	1	631		0.2	%	17,830	0.2	%
Maryland	1	940		0.3	%	36,260	0.4	%
Michigan	19	45,529		13.1	%	707,689	7.7	%
Minnesota	1	1,096		0.3	%	36,375	0.4	%
Mississippi	3	1,511		0.4	%	73,859	0.8	%
Missouri	3	10,438		3.0	%	124,650	1.4	%
Nevada	2	3,255		0.9	%	86,342	0.9	%
New York	6	5,413		1.6	%	245,861	2.7	%
North Carolina	2	1,313		0.4	%	68,122	0.7	%
Ohio	2	824		0.2	%	49,994	0.5	%
Oregon	3	10,536		3.0	%	288,774	3.2	%
Pennsylvania	11	35,449		10.2	%	1,326,662	14.5	%
South Carolina	2	948		0.3	%	52,527	0.6	%
Tennessee	3	3,657		1.0	%	175,652	1.9	%
Texas	11	12,654		3.6	%	466,105	5.1	%
Virginia	3	5,177		1.4	%	234,090	2.6	%
Washington	1	1,855		0.5	%	52,900	0.6	%
Wisconsin	12	6,927		2.2	%	294,731	3.2	%
Total	191	$	348,612	100.0	%	9,142,439	100.0	%

__________________________________________

(1) Annualized rental income on a straight-line basis for the leases in place in the property portfolio as of December 31, 2018, which includes tenant concessions such as free rent, as applicable, as well as gross revenue from our SHOPs.

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Future Minimum Lease Payments

The following table presents future minimum base rental cash payments due to us over the next ten years and thereafter as of December 31, 2018. These amounts exclude contingent rent payments, as applicable, that may be collected from certain tenants based on provisions related to performance thresholds and increases in annual rent based on exceeding certain economic indexes, among other items.

(In thousands)	Future Minimum Base Rent Payments
2019	$	96,178
2020	91,848
2021	85,563
2022	77,205
2023	65,504
2024	59,793
2025	53,407
2026	49,648
2027	37,335
2028	27,309
Thereafter	57,437
	$	701,227

Future Lease Expirations Table

The following is a summary of lease expirations for the next ten years at the properties we owned (excluding the SHOP segment) as of December 31, 2018:

Year of Expiration	Number of Leases Expiring	Annualized Rental Income(1)		Annualized Rental Income as a Percentage of the Total Portfolio	Leased Rentable Square Feet	Percent of Portfolio Rentable Square Feet Expiring
		(In thousands)
2019	63	$	7,711	5.5%	335,145	7.5%
2020	79	8,922		6.4%	412,086	9.2%
2021	66	9,763		7.0%	386,551	8.6%
2022	56	13,101		9.4%	526,391	11.7%
2023	49	6,274		4.5%	264,764	5.9%
2024	64	8,482		6.1%	357,624	8.0%
2025	16	2,260		1.6%	92,828	2.1%
2026	11	11,614		8.3%	718,869	16.0%
2027	29	9,248		6.6%	487,421	10.9%
2028	7	3,520		2.5%	136,780	3.0%
Total	440	$	80,895	57.9%	3,718,459	82.9%

__________________________________________

(1) Annualized rental income on a straight-line basis for the leases in place in the property portfolio as of December 31, 2018, excluding SHOPs, which includes tenant concessions such as free rent, as applicable.

Tenant Concentration

As of December 31, 2018, we did not have any tenants (including for this purpose, all affiliates of such tenants) whose annualized rental income on a straight-line basis represented 10% or more of total annualized rental income on a straight-line basis for our portfolio.

Significant Portfolio Properties

As of December 31, 2018, the rentable square feet or annualized rental income on a straight-line basis of one property represented 5% or more of our total portfolio's rentable square feet or annualized rental income on a straight-line basis:

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Wellington at Hershey's Mill - West Chester, PA

In December 2014, we purchased Wellington at Hershey's Mill, a seniors housing property located in West Chester, Pennsylvania. Wellington at Hershey's Mill, which is operated and managed on our behalf by an independent third-party manager, contains 491,710 rentable square feet and consists of 193 units dedicated to independent living patients, 64 units dedicated to assisted living patients and 36 units for patients requiring skilled nursing services. As of December 31, 2018, this property represented 5.4% of our total rentable square feet and 6.0% of our total annualized rental income on a straight-line basis.

Property Financings

See Note 4 — Mortgage Notes Payable, Net and Note 5 — Credit Facilities to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for property financings as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

We are not a party to, and none of our properties are subject to, any material pending legal proceedings.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

No established public market currently exists for our shares of common stock. Until our shares are listed on a national exchange, if ever, our stockholders may not sell their shares unless the buyer meets the applicable suitability and minimum purchase requirements.

Our charter prohibits the ownership of more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of our outstanding shares of stock or more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of shares of our stock by a single investor, unless exempted by the Board. Consequently, there is the risk that our stockholders may not be able to sell their shares at a time or price acceptable to them.

On March 29, 2018 the independent directors of the Board, who comprise a majority of the Board, with Edward M. Weil, Jr. abstaining, unanimously approved an Estimated Per-Share NAV of $20.25 as of December 31, 2017. We intend to publish an Estimated Per-Share NAV as of December 31, 2018 shortly following the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Consistent with our valuation guidelines, we engaged Duff & Phelps, LLC (“Duff & Phelps”), an independent third-party real estate advisory firm, to perform appraisals of our real estate assets and provide a valuation range for each real estate asset. In addition, Duff & Phelps was engaged to review and incorporate in its report our market value estimate regarding other assets and liabilities as of the valuation date.

Duff & Phelps has extensive experience estimating the fair value of commercial real estate. The method used by Duff & Phelps to appraise our real estate assets in the report furnished to the Advisor and the Board by Duff & Phelps (the "Duff & Phelps Real Estate Appraisal Report") complies with the Investment Program Association Practice Guideline 2013-01 titled "Valuations of Publicly Registered Non-Listed REITs," issued April 29, 2013. The scope of work performed by Duff & Phelps was conducted in conformity with the requirements of the Code of Professional Ethics and Standards of Professional Practice of the Appraisal Institute. Other than its engagement as described above and its engagement to provide certain purchase price allocation services, Duff & Phelps does not have any direct interests in any transaction with us.

Potential conflicts of interest between Duff & Phelps and us or the Advisor, may arise as a result of (1) the impact of the findings of Duff & Phelps in relation to our real estate assets, or the assets of real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of the Advisor, on the value of ownership interests owned by, or incentive compensation payable to, our directors, officers or affiliates and those of the Advisor, or (2) Duff & Phelps performing valuation services for other programs sponsored by affiliates of the Advisor, as well as other services for us.

Duff & Phelps performed a full valuation of our real estate assets utilizing an income capitalization approach consisting of the Direct Capitalization Method or the Discounted Cash Flow Method and the sales comparison approach, all, as described further below. These approaches are commonly used in the commercial real estate industry.

The Estimated Per-Share NAV is comprised of (i) the sum of (A) the estimated value of our real estate assets and (B) the estimated value of our other assets, minus the sum of (C) the estimated value of our debt and other liabilities and (D) the estimate of the aggregate incentive fees, participations and limited partnership interests held by or allocable to the Advisor, our management or any of their respective affiliates based on our aggregate net asset value based on Estimated Per-Share NAV and payable in our hypothetical liquidation as of December 31, 2017,divided by (ii) our number of common shares outstanding on a fully-diluted basis as of December 31, 2017, which was 91,768,014.

The Estimated Per-Share NAV does not represent: (i) the price that our shares may trade for on a national securities exchange or a third party may pay for us, (ii) the amount a stockholder would obtain if he or she tried to sell his or her shares, or (iii) the amount a stockholder would realize in per share distributions if we sold all of our assets and settled all of our liabilities in a plan of liquidation. Further, there is no assurance that the methodology used to establish the Estimated Per-Share NAV would be acceptable to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority for use on customer account statements, or that the Estimated Per-Share NAV will satisfy the applicable annual valuation requirements under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) and the Code with respect to employee benefit plans subject to ERISA and other retirement plans or accounts subject to Section 4975 of the Code.

The Estimated Per-Share NAV as of December 31, 2017 of $20.25, a value within the range determined by Duff & Phelps, was unanimously adopted by the independent directors of the Board, who comprise a majority of the Board, with Mr. Weil abstaining, on March 29, 2018. The independent directors of the Board based their determination on the Advisor’s recommendation, which was based on the Advisor’s review of the Duff & Phelps Real Estate Appraisal Report and on the Advisor’s own analysis, estimates and calculations and the fundamentals of the real estate assets. As part of their determination to approve an Estimated Per-Share NAV, the independent directors considered that the negative effect on Estimated Per-Share NAV of paying distributions

49

to our stockholders that exceeded cash flows from operations would be significantly less in future periods due to the fact that, in February 2018 we decreased the rate at which we pay distributions from an annual rate of $1.45 per share to $0.85 per share. The independent directors of the Board also considered the fundamentals of the real estate assets included a review of geographic location, stabilization and credit quality of tenants. The Board is ultimately and solely responsible for the Estimated Per-Share NAV. Estimated Per-Share NAV was determined at a moment in time and will likely change over time as a result of changes to the value of individual assets as well as changes and developments in the real estate and capital markets, including changes in interest rates. As such, stockholders should not rely on the Estimated Per-Share NAV in making a decision to buy or sell shares of our common stock pursuant to our DRIP or our SRP, respectively.

In connection with the independent directors of the Board’s determination of Estimated Per-Share NAV, the Advisor concluded that, in a hypothetical liquidation at such Estimated Per-Share NAV, it would not be entitled to any incentive fees or performance-based restricted partnership units of our operating partnership designated as "Class B Units." The Advisor determined the Estimated Per-Share NAV in a manner consistent with the definition of fair value under GAAP set forth in FASB’s Topic ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.

Holders

As of February 28, 2019 we had 91.9 million shares of common stock outstanding held by a total of 44,810 stockholders.

Distributions

We elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2013. As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard for the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, to our stockholders annually. The amount of distributions payable to our stockholders is determined by the Board and is dependent on a number of factors, including funds available for distribution, financial condition, capital expenditure requirements, as applicable, and annual distribution requirements needed to maintain our status as a REIT under the Code.

The following table details the tax treatment of the distributions paid during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018				2017				2016
Return of capital	100	%	$	0.95	99.7	%	$	1.50	86.8	%	$	1.47
Capital gain dividend income	—	%	—		0.3	%	0.01		0.5	%	0.01
Ordinary dividend income	—	%	—		—	%	—		12.7	%	0.22
Total	100.0	%	$	0.95	100.0	%	$	1.51	100.0	%	$	1.70

In May 2013, we began paying distributions on a monthly basis at a rate equivalent of $1.70 per annum, per share of common stock. In March 2017, the Board authorized a decrease in the rate at which we pay monthly distributions to stockholders, effective as of April 1, 2017, to a rate equivalent of $1.45 per annum, per share of common stock. On February 20, 2018, the Board authorized a further decrease in the rate at which we pay monthly distributions to stockholders, effective as of March 1, 2018, to a rate equivalent of $0.85 per share annum, per share of common stock. Distributions are payable by the 5th day following each month end to stockholders of record at the close of business each day during the prior month.

Distribution payments are dependent on the availability of funds. The Board may reduce the amount of distributions paid or suspend distribution payments at any time and therefore distribution payments are not assured.

Pursuant to our New Credit Facility, until the earlier of the first day of the first fiscal quarter in 2019 in which we elect to be subject to other restrictions on distributions under our New Credit Facility or January 1, 2020, we are not permitted to amend or modify our current distribution policy in any manner (including, without limitation, to change the timing, amount or frequency of payments), except to reduce the amount of the distribution. Once we are permitted to increase our distribution rate, provisions in our New Credit Facility will restrict us from paying distributions in any fiscal quarter that, when added to the aggregate amount of all other distributions paid in the same fiscal quarter and the preceding three fiscal quarters (calculated on an annualized basis during the first three fiscal quarters for which the provisions are in effect), exceed 95% of our Modified FFO (as defined in our New Credit Facility and which is similar but not identical to MFFO as discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) during the applicable period. There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue paying distributions at the current rate, or at all. See "—Risks Related to Our Properties and Operations — Provisions in our New Credit Facility currently restrict us from increasing the rate we pay distributions to our stockholders, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue paying distributions at the current rate, or at all" for further information.

50

Equity Based Compensation

Restricted Share Plan

We have an employee and director incentive restricted share plan (as amended from time to time, the "RSP"), which provides us with the ability to grant awards of restricted shares of common stock ("restricted shares") to our directors, officers and employees (if we ever have employees), employees of the Advisor and its affiliates, employees of entities that provide services to us, directors of the Advisor or of entities that provide services to us, certain consultants to us and the Advisor and its affiliates or to entities that provide services to us. For additional information, see Note 11 — Share-Based Compensation to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following table sets forth information regarding securities authorized for issuance under the RSP as of December 31, 2018:

Plan Category	Number of  Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of  Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights	Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights	Number of Securities Remaining Available For Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column) (a)
	(a)	(b)	(c)
Equity Compensation Plans approved by security holders	—	—	2,996,677	(1)
Equity Compensation Plans not approved by security holders	—	—	—
Total	—	—	2,996,677	(1)

⁽¹⁾ The total number of shares of common stock that may be subject to awards granted under the RSP may not exceed 5.0% of our outstanding shares of common stock on a fully diluted basis at any time and in any event will not exceed 3.4 million shares (as such number may be adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations and similar events). As of December 31, 2018, we had 91,963,532 shares of common stock issued and outstanding and 394,000 shares of common stock that were subject to awards granted under the RSP. For additional information on the RSP, please see Note 11 — Share-Based Compensation to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Sales of Unregistered Securities

We did not sell any equity securities that were not registered under the Securities Act during the year ended December 31, 2018, except with respect to which information has been included in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or in a Current Report on Form 8-K.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

In order to provide stockholders with interim liquidity, the Board has adopted the SRP, which enables our stockholders to sell their shares back to us after they have been held for at least one year, subject to significant conditions and limitations. Our Advisor, directors and affiliates are prohibited from receiving a fee on any share repurchases. For additional information on the SRP, see Note 8 — Common Stock to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

On January 29, 2019, we announced that our Board approved an amendment to our SRP, which became effective on January 30, 2019, changing the date on which any repurchases are to be made in respect of requests made during the period commencing March 13, 2018 up to and including December 31, 2018 to no later than March 31, 2019, rather than on or before the 31st day following December 31, 2018. Accordingly, no repurchases were made pursuant to the SRP during the three months ended December 31, 2018.

51

The following table summarizes our SRP activity for the periods presented. The cost of the repurchased shares did not exceed DRIP proceeds during the periods presented. We funded share repurchases from proceeds received from common stock issued under the DRIP.

	Number of Shares Repurchased	Average Price per Share
Period from October 15, 2012 (date of inception) to December 31, 2012	—	$	—
Year ended December 31, 2013	1,600	25.00
Year ended December 31, 2014	72,431	24.41
Year ended December 31, 2015	894,339	23.66
Year ended December 31, 2016	6,660	24.36
Year ended December 31, 2017	1,554,768	21.61
Year ended December 31, 2018 (1)	758,458	18.73
Cumulative repurchases as of December 31, 2018	3,288,256	21.56

_______________

⁽¹⁾ Includes (i) 373,967 shares repurchased during January 2018 with respect to requests received following the death or qualifying disability of stockholders during the six months ended December 31, 2017 for approximately $8.0 million at a weighted average price per share of $21.45, and (ii) 155,904 shares that were repurchased for $3.2 million at an average price per share of $20.25 on July 31, 2018, representing 100% of the repurchase requests made following the death or qualifying disability of stockholders during the period from January 1, 2018 through the suspension of the SRP on March 13, 2018. No repurchase requests received during the SRP suspension were accepted.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

The following selected financial data as of and for the years December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014 should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" below:

Balance sheet data (In thousands)	December 31,
	2018		2017		2016		2015		2014
Total real estate investments, at cost	$	2,553,079	$	2,486,052	$	2,355,262	$	2,341,271	$	1,662,697
Total assets	2,377,446		2,371,861		2,193,705		2,269,842		1,856,482
Mortgage notes payable, net	462,839		406,630		142,754		157,305		64,558
Credit facilities	602,622		534,869		481,500		430,000		—
Total liabilities	1,136,512		1,015,802		689,379		668,025		124,305
Total equity	1,240,934		1,356,059		1,504,326		1,601,817		1,732,177

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Operating data(In thousands, except for share and per share data)	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016			2015			2014
Total revenues	$	362,406		$	311,173		$	302,566		$	247,490		$	58,439
Total operating expenses	(365,512		)	(323,827		)	(307,203		)	(283,100		)	(92,770		)
(Loss) gain on dispositions of real estate investments	(70		)	438			1,330			—			—
Operating loss	(3,176		)	(12,216		)	(3,307		)	(35,610		)	(34,331		)
Total other expenses	(49,605		)	(29,849		)	(19,747		)	(9,328		)	(2,816		)
Loss before income taxes	(52,781		)	(42,065		)	(23,054		)	(44,938		)	(37,147		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(197		)	(647		)	2,084			2,978			(565		)
Net loss	(52,978		)	(42,712		)	(20,970		)	(41,960		)	(37,712		)
Net loss attributed to non-controlling interests	216			164			96			219			34
Net loss attributed to stockholders	$	(52,762	)	$	(42,548	)	$	(20,874	)	$	(41,741	)	$	(37,678	)
Other data:
Cash flows provided by (used in) operations	$	54,151		$	63,967		$	78,725		$	68,680		$	(4,687	)
Cash flows used in investing activities	(115,063		)	(194,409		)	(19,092		)	(556,834		)	(1,531,134		)
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities	49,682			199,843			(55,567		)	332,880			1,608,383
Per share data:
Basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	91,118,929			89,802,174			87,878,907			85,331,966			51,234,729
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.58	)	$	(0.47	)	$	(0.24	)	$	(0.49	)	$	(0.74	)
Distributions declared per share	$	0.95		$	1.51		$	1.70		$	1.70		$	1.70

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The following information contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Please see "Forward-Looking Statements" elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of these risks and uncertainties.

Overview

We invest in healthcare real estate, focusing on seniors housing and MOBs, located in the United States for investment purposes. As of December 31, 2018, we owned 191 properties located in 31 states and comprised of 9.1 million rentable square feet.

We were incorporated on October 15, 2012 as a Maryland corporation that elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2013. Substantially all of our business is conducted through the OP.

On March 29, 2018, our Board approved an Estimated Per-Share NAV equal to $20.25 as of December 31, 2017.  Our previous Estimated Per-Share NAV was equal to $21.45 as of December 31, 2016. We intend to publish Estimated Per-Share NAV periodically at the discretion of the Board, provided that such estimates will be made at least once annually.

We have no employees. The Advisor has been retained by us to manage our affairs on a day-to-day basis. We have retained the Property Manage) to serve as our property manager. The Advisor and Property Manager are under common control with AR Global, and these related parties receive compensation, fees and expense reimbursements for services related to managing our business and investments. The Special Limited Partner, which is also under common control with AR Global, also has an interest in us through ownership of interests in the OP.

On December 22, 2017, we completed the Asset Purchase, purchasing all of the membership interests in indirect subsidiaries of HT III that own the 19 properties which comprised substantially all of HT III’s assets, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2017. HT III was sponsored and advised by an affiliate of our Advisor.

Significant Accounting Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies

Set forth below is a summary of the significant accounting estimates and critical accounting policies that management believes are important to the preparation of our financial statements. Certain of our accounting estimates are particularly important for an understanding of our financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant judgment by our management. As a result, these estimates are subject to a degree of uncertainty. These significant accounting estimates and critical accounting policies include:

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Revenue Recognition

Our rental income is primarily related to rent received from tenants in our MOBs and triple-net leased healthcare facilities. Rent from tenants in our MOB and triple-net leased healthcare facilities operating segments is recorded in accordance with the terms of each lease on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease. Because many of the leases provide for rental increases at specified intervals, GAAP require us to record a receivable, and include in revenues on a straight-line basis, unbilled rent receivables that we will only receive if the tenant makes all rent payments required through the expiration of the initial term of the lease. When we acquire a property, the acquisition date is considered to be the commencement date for purposes of this calculation. For new leases after acquisition, the commencement date is considered to be the date the tenant takes control of the space. For lease modifications, the commencement date is considered to be the date the lease is executed. We defer the revenue related to lease payments received from tenants in advance of their due dates.

Cost recoveries from tenants are included in operating expense reimbursement in the period the related costs are incurred, as applicable.

Resident services and fee income primarily relates to rent from residents in our SHOPs held using a structure permitted by RIDEA and to fees for ancillary services performed for residents in our SHOPs. Rental income from residents of our SHOP segment is recognized as earned. Residents pay monthly rent that covers occupancy of their unit and basic services, including utilities, meals and some housekeeping services. The terms of the rent are short term in nature, primarily month-to-month. Fees for ancillary services are recorded in the period in which the services are performed.

We defer the revenue related to lease payments received from tenants and residents in advance of their due dates.

We continually review receivables related to rent and unbilled rent receivables and determine collectability by taking into consideration the tenant's payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in the area in which the property is located. In the event that the collectability of a receivable is in doubt, we record an increase in the allowance for uncollectible accounts on the consolidated balance sheets or record a direct write-off of the receivable in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Real Estate Investments

Investments in real estate are recorded at cost. Improvements and replacements are capitalized when they extend the useful life or improve the productive capacity of the asset. Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

We evaluate the inputs, processes and outputs of each asset acquired to determine if the transaction is a business combination or asset acquisition. If an acquisition qualifies as a business combination, the related transaction costs are recorded as an expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. If an acquisition qualifies as an asset acquisition, the related transaction costs are generally capitalized and subsequently amortized over the useful life of the acquired assets.

In business combinations, we allocate the purchase price of acquired properties to tangible and identifiable intangible assets or liabilities based on their respective fair values. Tangible assets may include land, land improvements, buildings, fixtures and tenant improvements. Intangible assets may include the value of in-place leases and above- and below-market leases. In addition, any assumed mortgages receivable or payable and any assumed or issued non-controlling interests are recorded at their estimated fair values.

We generally determine the value of construction in progress based upon the replacement cost. During the construction period, we capitalize interest, insurance and real estate taxes until the development has reached substantial completion.

The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property with an in-place operating lease is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant, and the “as-if-vacant” value is then allocated to the tangible assets based on the fair value of the tangible assets. The fair value of in-place leases is determined by considering estimates of carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods, current market conditions, as well as costs to execute similar leases. The fair value of above- or below-market leases is recorded based on the present value of the difference between the contractual amount to be paid pursuant to the in-place lease and our estimate of the fair market lease rate for the corresponding in-place lease, measured over the remaining term of the lease including any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases.

In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we utilize a number of sources, including real estate valuations prepared by independent valuation firms. We also consider information and other factors including market conditions, the industry that the tenant operates in, characteristics of the real estate, i.e. location, size, demographics, value and comparative rental rates, tenant credit profile and the importance of the location of the real estate to the operations of the tenant’s business.

In allocating the fair value to assumed mortgages, amounts are recorded to debt premiums or discounts based on the present value of the estimated cash flows, which is calculated to account for either above- or below-market interest rates.

In allocating the fair value to non-controlling interests, amounts are recorded based on the fair value of units issued at the date of acquisition, as determined by the terms of the applicable agreement.

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Real estate investments that are intended to be sold are designated as "held for sale" on the consolidated balance sheets at the lesser of the carrying amount or fair value less estimated selling costs when they meet specific criteria to be presented as held for sale. Real estate investments are no longer depreciated when they are classified as held for sale. If the disposal, or intended disposal, of certain real estate investments represents a strategic shift that has had or will have a major effect on our operations and financial results, the operations of such real estate investments would be presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for all applicable periods.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of up to 40 years for buildings, 15 years for land improvements, five years for fixtures and improvements, and the shorter of the useful life or the remaining lease term for tenant improvements and leasehold interests.

Construction in progress, including capitalized interest, insurance and real estate taxes, is not depreciated until the development has reached substantial completion.

Capitalized above-market lease values are amortized as a reduction of rental income over the remaining terms of the respective leases. Capitalized below-market lease values are accreted as an increase to rental income over the remaining terms of the respective leases and expected below-market renewal option periods.

Capitalized above-market ground lease values are accreted as a reduction of property operating expense over the remaining terms of the respective leases. Capitalized below-market ground lease values are amortized as an increase to property operating expense over the remaining terms of the respective leases and expected below-market renewal option periods.

The value of in-place leases, exclusive of the value of above-market and below-market in-place leases, is amortized to expense over the remaining periods of the respective leases.

The assumed mortgage premiums or discounts are amortized as an increase or reduction to interest expense over the remaining term of the respective mortgages.

Impairment of Long Lived Assets

If circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a property may not be recoverable, we review the asset for impairment. This review is based on an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows, excluding interest charges, expected to result from the property’s use and eventual disposition. These estimates consider factors such as expected future operating income, market and other applicable trends and residual value, as well as the effects of leasing demand, competition and other factors. If impairment exists due to the inability to recover the carrying value of a property, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the property for properties to be held and used. For properties held for sale, the impairment loss is the adjustment to fair value less estimated cost to dispose of the asset. These assessments have a direct impact on net income because recording an impairment loss results in an immediate negative adjustment to net income.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

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Results of Operations

As of December 31, 2018, we operated in three reportable business segments for management and internal financial reporting purposes: MOBs, triple-net leased healthcare facilities, and SHOPs. In our MOB operating segment, we own, manage and lease, through the Property Manager or third party property managers, single and multi-tenant MOBs where tenants are required to pay their pro rata share of property operating expenses, which may be subject to expense exclusions and floors, in addition to base rent. In our triple-net leased healthcare facilities operating segment, we own, manage and lease seniors housing properties, hospitals, post-acute care and skilled nursing facilities throughout the United States under long-term triple-net leases, which tenants are generally directly responsible for all operating costs of the respective properties. In our SHOP segment, we invest in seniors housing properties under a structure permitted by RIDEA. Under RIDEA, a REIT may lease qualified healthcare properties on an arm's length basis to a TRS if the property is operated on behalf of such subsidiary by an entity who qualifies as an eligible independent contractor. As of December 31, 2018, we had 17 eligible independent contractors operating 58 SHOPs. All of our properties across all three business segments are located throughout the United States.

2017-2018 Same Store Properties

Information based on Same Store, Acquisitions and Dispositions allows us to evaluate the performance of our portfolio based on a consistent population of properties owned for the entire period of time covered. As of December 31, 2018, we owned 191 properties. There were 154 properties (our "2017-2018 Same Store" properties) owned for the entire year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, including two vacant land parcels and one property under development. During the period from January 1, 2017 to the year ended December 31, 2018, we acquired 37 properties (our "2017-2018 Acquisitions") and disposed of nine properties (our "2017-2018 Dispositions"). As described in more detail under "— Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 — Transition Properties" below, our 2017-2018 Same Store properties include 18 properties that were transitioned from our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment to our SHOP segment during the period from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2018 (collectively the "Transition Properties"). We adjusted our 2017-2018 Same Store for those segments to include the Transition Properties as part of our 2017-2018 Same Store in our SHOP segment and excluded them entirely from the 2017-2018 Same Store in our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment (each segment as so adjusted, the "Segment Same Store").

The following table presents a roll-forward of our properties owned from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018:

	Number of Properties
Number of properties, January 1, 2017	163
Acquisition activity during the year ended December 31, 2017	23
Disposition activity during the year ended December 31, 2017	(1	)
Number of properties, December 31, 2017	185
Acquisition activity during the year ended December 31, 2018	14
Disposition activity during the year ended December 31, 2018	(8	)
Number of properties, December 31, 2018	191
Number of 2017-2018 Same Store Properties (1)	154

_______________

⁽¹⁾ Includes the 2018 acquisition of a land parcel adjacent to an existing property which is not considered an Acquisition.

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Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

Net loss attributable to stockholders was $52.8 million and $42.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The following table shows our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 and the year to year change by line item of the consolidated statements of operations:

	Year Ended December 31,						Increase (Decrease)
(Dollar amounts in thousands)	2018			2017			$			%
Revenues:
Rental income	$	102,708		$	95,152		$	7,556		7.9	%
Operating expense reimbursements	20,858			16,605			4,253			25.6	%
Resident services and fee income	238,840			199,416			39,424			19.8	%
Total revenues	362,406			311,173			51,233			16.5	%
Operating expenses:
Property operating and maintenance	220,997			186,277			34,720			18.6	%
Impairment charges	20,655			18,993			1,662			8.8	%
Operating fees to related parties	23,071			22,257			814			3.7	%
Acquisition and transaction related	302			2,986			(2,684		)	(89.9	)%
General and administrative	17,275			15,673			1,602			10.2	%
Depreciation and amortization	83,212			77,641			5,571			7.2	%
Total expenses	365,512			323,827			41,685			12.9	%
Operating loss before (loss) gain on sale of real estate investments	(3,106		)	(12,654		)	9,548			75.5	%
(Loss) gain on sale of real estate investments	(70		)	438			(508		)	NM
Operating loss	(3,176		)	(12,216		)	9,040			74.0	%
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(49,471		)	(30,264		)	(19,207		)	(63.5	)%
Interest and other income	23			306			(283		)	(92.5	)%
Loss on non-designated derivatives	(157		)	(198		)	41			20.7	%
Gain on asset acquisition	—			307			(307		)	(100.0	)%
Total other expenses	(49,605		)	(29,849		)	(19,756		)	(66.2	)%
Loss before income taxes	(52,781		)	(42,065		)	(10,716		)	(25.5	)%
Income tax benefit	(197		)	(647		)	450			NM
Net loss	(52,978		)	(42,712		)	(10,266		)	(24.0	)%
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	216			164			52			31.7	%
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(52,762	)	$	(42,548	)	$	(10,214	)	(24.0	)%

_______________

NM — Not Meaningful

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Transition Properties

As described in more detail below, our 2017-2018 Same Store includes 18 Transition Properties, which are properties that were transitioned from our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment to our SHOP segment during the period from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2018.

On June 8, 2017, our TRS acquired 12 operating entities that leased 12 healthcare facilities included in our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment due to declining performance under the triple-net leased structure. Concurrently with the acquisition of the 12 operating entities, we transitioned the management of the healthcare facilities to a third-party management company that manages other healthcare facilities in our SHOP segment. As a part of the transition, our subsidiary property companies executed leases with the acquired operating entities and the acquired operating entities executed management agreements with the management company under the RIDEA structure. As a part of the transition of operations, we now control the operating entities that hold the operating licenses for these healthcare facilities. The results of operations of these properties below are included in Segment Same Store with respect to the SHOP segment.

On January 1, 2018, we transitioned six properties in our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment to operating properties under a structure permitted by the RIDEA structure due to declining performance under the triple-net leased structure. The prior tenants of the six properties transferred the operations of the properties to our newly-formed subsidiaries and third-party managers engaged by those subsidiaries pursuant to market operations transfer agreements. Our subsidiaries simultaneously entered into new management agreements with the third-party managers, who will operate and manage the facilities on behalf of our subsidiaries. The results of operations of these properties below are included in Segment Same Store with respect to the SHOP segment.

We may in the future, through similar transactions, transition other triple-net leased facilities, which may or may not be experiencing declining performance, to third-party managed facilities under a structure permitted by RIDEA, in connection with which they would also transition from our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment to our SHOP segment. As described in more detail below, tenants at certain properties in our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment have been in default under their leases to us, and our results of operations have been adversely impacted by our inability to collect rent from these tenants. During the year ended December 31, 2018, as shown in more detail in the table below, the Transition Properties contributed $5.2 million of NOI, an increase of $4.5 million from $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily as a result of the fact that we were unable to collect rent from the tenants at several of the Transition Properties prior to the transition but commenced collecting rent in connection with the replacement of the non-paying tenants in connection with the transition. The results of operations of these properties are included in Segment Same Store with respect to the SHOP segment. The bad debt expense relating to these properties is included in property operating and maintenance expense on the consolidated statement of operations. We may enter into settlement agreements, appoint court order receivers or otherwise replace the tenants that are not paying rent in a manner that will allow us to transition the properties to our SHOP segment. By doing so, we will gain more control over the operations of the applicable properties, and we believe this will allow us to improve performance and the cash flows generated by the properties. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to replace these tenants on a timely basis, or at all, and our results of operations may therefore continue to be adversely impacted by bad debt expenses related to our inability to collect rent from defaulting tenants.

For purposes of the discussion and analysis of the segment results of operations during the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, the results of operations for the Transition Properties are included as part of our SHOP segment and excluded entirely from our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment. In our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended June 30, 2017, the period when the first of the Transition Properties transitioned, and all subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q prior to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we included the Transition Properties as deemed dispositions in our discussion and analysis of our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment (rather than excluding them entirely) and included the Transition Properties as deemed acquisitions in our discussion and analysis of our SHOP segment (rather than including them as part of the same store set of properties for that segment). Although we have not adjusted the discussion and analysis of the results of operations of our triple-net leased healthcare facilities segment to our SHOP segment during the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, we intend to consider the Transition Properties as part of the same store properties in our SHOP segment in all future filings with the SEC.

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The following table presents by segment 2017-2018 Same Store properties' NOI before and after adjusting for the Transition Properties as described above, to arrive at 'Segment Same Store' results. Our MOB segment was not affected by the Transition Properties.

	Year Ended December 31, 2018							Year Ended December 31, 2017						Increase (Decrease)
(Dollar amounts in thousands)	2017-2018 Same Store Properties		Transition Properties			Segment Same Store		2017-2018 Same Store Properties		Transition Properties			Segment Same Store	2017-2018 Same Store Properties	Transition Properties	Segment Same Store
NNN Segment
Revenues:
Rental income	$	19,781	$	(2	)	$	19,779	$	23,836	$	(6,728	)