Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

11. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

A. Goodwill

The components of, and changes in, the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:


(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)	U.S.		International		Total
Balance, December 31, 2024	$	1,515	$	1,209	$	2,724


Other(a)	—		40		40
Balance, September 30, 2025	$	1,515	$	1,249	$	2,764

(a) Includes adjustments for foreign currency translation.

The gross goodwill balance was $3,300 million and $3,260 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Accumulated goodwill impairment losses were $536 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

B. Other Intangible Assets

The components of identifiable intangible assets are as follows:


	As of September 30, 2025						As of December 31, 2024
					Identifiable						Identifiable
	Gross				Intangible Assets		Gross				Intangible Assets
	Carrying		Accumulated		Less Accumulated		Carrying		Accumulated		Less Accumulated
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)	Amount		Amortization		Amortization		Amount		Amortization		Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed technology rights	$	1,938	$	(1,312)	$	626	$	1,891	$	(1,175)	$	716
Brands and tradenames	362		(248)		114		367		(246)		121
Other	291		(207)		84		278		(197)		81
Total finite-lived intangible assets	2,591		(1,767)		824		2,536		(1,618)		918
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Brands and tradenames	66		—		66		66		—		66
In-process research and development	144		—		144		136		—		136
Product rights	6		—		6		7		—		7
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	216		—		216		209		—		209
Identifiable intangible assets	$	2,807	$	(1,767)	$	1,040	$	2,745	$	(1,618)	$	1,127

C. Amortization

Amortization expense related to finite-lived acquired intangible assets that contribute to our ability to sell, manufacture, research, market and distribute products, compounds and intellectual property is included in Amortization of intangible assets as it benefits multiple business functions. Amortization expense related to finite-lived acquired intangible assets that are associated with a single function is included in Cost of sales, Selling, general and administrative expenses or Research and development expenses, as appropriate. Total amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $39 million and $119 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $42 million and $128 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.