Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

11. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

A. Goodwill

The components of, and changes in, the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:


(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)	U.S.		International		Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	1,367	$	1,225	$	2,592
Additions	52		17		69
Other(a)	—		29		29
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	1,419	$	1,271	$	2,690

(a) Includes adjustments for foreign currency translation.

The gross goodwill balance was $3,226 million and $3,128 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Accumulated goodwill impairment losses were $536 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

B. Other Intangible Assets

The components of identifiable intangible assets are as follows:


	As of September 30, 2020						As of December 31, 2019
					Identifiable						Identifiable
	Gross				Intangible Assets		Gross				Intangible Assets
	Carrying		Accumulated		Less Accumulated		Carrying		Accumulated		Less Accumulated
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)	Amount		Amortization		Amortization		Amount		Amortization		Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed technology rights	$	2,009	$	(784)	$	1,225	$	1,938	$	(657)	$	1,281
Brands and tradenames	429		(239)		190		424		(223)		201
Other	479		(298)		181		441		(249)		192
Total finite-lived intangible assets	2,917		(1,321)		1,596		2,803		(1,129)		1,674
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Brands and tradenames	104		—		104		104		—		104
In-process research and development	87		—		87		105		—		105
Product rights	7		—		7		7		—		7
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	198		—		198		216		—		216
Identifiable intangible assets	$	3,115	$	(1,321)	$	1,794	$	3,019	$	(1,129)	$	1,890

C. Amortization

Amortization expense related to finite-lived acquired intangible assets that contribute to our ability to sell, manufacture, research, market and distribute products, compounds and intellectual property is included in Amortization of intangible assets as it benefits multiple business functions. Amortization expense related to finite-lived acquired intangible assets that are associated with a single function is included in Cost of sales, Selling, general and administrative expenses or Research and development expenses, as appropriate. Total amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $56 million and $178 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively and $60 million and $176 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.