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Real estate assets, net
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
Real Estate [Abstract]  
Real estate assets, net
Real estate assets, net

Real estate held for use

As of June 30, 2016, we had 5,414 single-family residential properties held for use. Of these properties, 3,010 had been leased, 273 were listed and ready for rent and 694 were in varying stages of renovation and unit turn status. With respect to the remaining 1,437 REO properties, we will make a final determination whether each property meets our rental profile after (a) applicable state redemption periods have expired, (b) the foreclosure sale has been ratified, (c) we have recorded the deed for the property, (d) utilities have been activated and (e) we have secured access for interior inspection. A majority of the REO properties are subject to state regulations that require us to await the expiration of a redemption period before a foreclosure can be finalized. We include these redemption periods in our portfolio pricing, which generally reduces the price we pay for the mortgage loans. Once the redemption period expires, we immediately proceed to record a new deed, take possession of the property, activate utilities, and start the inspection process in order to make our final determination. If an REO property meets our rental profile, we determine the extent of renovations that are needed to generate an optimal rent and maintain consistency of renovation specifications for future branding. If we determine that the REO property will not meet our rental profile, we list the property for sale, in certain instances after renovations are made to optimize the sale proceeds.

As of December 31, 2015, we had 4,933 single-family residential properties held for use. Of these properties, 2,118 had been leased, 264 were listed and ready for rent and 350 were in various stages of renovation. With respect to the remaining 2,201 REO properties, we were in the process of determining whether these properties would meet our rental profile.

With respect to residential rental properties classified as held for use, we perform an impairment analysis using estimated cash flows if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired, such as prolonged vacancy, identification of materially adverse legal or environmental factors, changes in expected ownership period or a decline in market value to an amount less than cost. This analysis is performed at the property level. These cash flows are estimated based on a number of assumptions that are subject to economic and market uncertainties, including, among others, demand for rental properties, competition for customers, changes in market rental rates, costs to operate each property and expected ownership periods. If the carrying amount of a held for use asset exceeds the sum of its undiscounted future operating and residual cash flows, an impairment loss is recorded for the difference between estimated fair value of the asset and the carrying amount. We are not able to recover any such impairments should the estimated fair value subsequently improve. We generally estimate the fair value of assets held for use by using BPOs. In some instances, appraisal information may be available and is used in addition to BPOs.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, we recognized $2.0 million and $5.0 million, respectively, of impairment on real estate held for use. During the six months ended June 30, 2015, we recognized no impairment on our real estate held for use.

Real estate held for sale

As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, our real estate held for sale included 1,174 and 1,583 REO properties, respectively, having an aggregate carrying value of $225.7 million and $250.6 million, respectively. Management determined to divest of these properties because they do not meet our residential rental property investment criteria.

We record residential properties held for sale at the lower of the carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell. The impairment loss, if any, is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value less costs to sell. In the event that the estimated fair value of impaired properties held for sale subsequently improves, we are able to recover impairments to the extent previously recognized.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, we recognized $3.9 million and $15.8 million, respectively, of impairment on our real estate held for sale.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, we recognized $5.6 million and $9.7 million, respectively, of impairment on our real estate held for sale.