(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a)Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Assets and liabilities which are subject to significant judgment and use of estimates include the allowance for doubtful accounts, sales return reserves, provision for warranties, valuation of inventories, recoverability of long-lived assets, valuation allowances with respect to deferred tax assets, useful lives associated with property and equipment and finite lived intangible assets, and the valuation and assumptions underlying stock-based compensation and other equity instruments. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates compared to historical experience and trends, which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. In addition, the Company engages the assistance of valuation specialists in concluding on fair value measurements in connection with stock-based compensation and other equity instruments.

(b)Liquidity

Since inception, the Company has incurred net losses. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 the Company incurred net losses of $40.2 million, $41.2 million, and $5.8 million, respectively. The Company used $34.4 million of cash in operations for the year ended December 31, 2016, used $18.2 million cash in operations during the year ended December 31, 2015 and provided $0.5 million of cash in operations during the year ended December 31, 2014. At December 31, 2016 and 2015 the Company had an accumulated deficit of $215.4 million and $175.3 million, respectively. At December 31, 2016, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $67.2 million. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which implies the Company will continue to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. As of December 31, 2016, the Company’s existing manufacturing contract with Silimed, the Company’s former sole source, third-party manufacturer of silicone gel breast implants expires on its terms on April 1, 2017, and the Company does not intend to renew that contract with Silimed. Accordingly, the Company continues to evaluate the availability of alternative manufacturing sources, including with Vesta Intermediate Funding, Inc., or Vesta, a Lubrizol Lifesciences company, which is establishing manufacturing capacity for the Company and with which the Company recently executed a definitive manufacturing agreement for the long-term supply of the Company’s PMA-approved breast implants. The continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon many factors including resolution of any outstanding disputes with Silimed (see Note 9—Commitments and Contingencies), the availability of alternative manufacturing sources, and continued sale of the Company’s products. The Company believes that it has the ability to continue as a going concern for at least 12 months from the date the Company’s financial statements are issued. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

(c)Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash in checking accounts and interest-bearing money market accounts.

(d)Concentration of Credit and Supplier Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited in demand accounts at a financial institution that management believes is creditworthy. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by this financial institution for cash and cash equivalents in excess of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC. Management believes that the Company’s investments in cash and cash equivalents are financially sound and have minimal credit risk and the Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.

The Company relies on a limited number of third-party manufacturers for the manufacturing and supply of its products. This could result in the Company not being able to acquire the inventory needed to meet customer demand, which would result in possible loss of sales and affect operating results adversely.

(e)Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and customer deposits are reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short maturity of these items. The fair value of the common stock warrant liability is discussed in Note 2. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had no outstanding long-term debt.

(f)Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices) such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The Company’s common stock warrant liabilities are carried at fair value determined according to the fair value hierarchy described above. The Company has utilized an option pricing valuation model to determine the fair value of its outstanding common stock warrant liabilities. The inputs to the model include fair value of the common stock related to the warrant, exercise price of the warrant, expected term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. The warrants are valued using the fair value of common stock as of the measurement date. The Company historically has been a private company and lacks company-specific historical and implied volatility information of its stock. Therefore, it estimates its expected stock volatility based on the historical volatility of publicly traded peer companies for a term equal to the remaining contractual term of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve for time periods approximately equal to the remaining contractual term of the warrants. The Company has estimated a 0% dividend yield based on the expected dividend yield and the fact that the Company has never paid or declared dividends. As several significant inputs are not observable, the overall fair value measurement of the warrants is classified as Level 3.

The Company assessed the fair value of the deferred consideration and contingent consideration for future royalty payments related to the acquisition of bioCorneum® and the contingent consideration for future milestone payments for the acquisition of the tissue expander portfolio from SSP using the Monte-Carlo simulation model. Significant assumptions used in the measurement include future net sales for a defined term and the risk-adjusted discount rate associated with the business. As the inputs are not observable, the overall, fair value measurement of the deferred consideration and contingent consideration is classified as Level 3.

The following tables present information about the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and indicate the level of the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements as of
	December 31, 2016 Using:
	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Total
Liabilities:
Liability for common stock warrants	$	—	—	99	99
Liability for deferred consideration		—	—	395	395
Liability for contingent consideration		—	—	1,242	1,242
	$	—	—	1,736	1,736


	Fair Value Measurements as of
	December 31, 2015 Using:
	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Total
Liabilities:
Liability for common stock warrants	$	—	—	60	60
	$	—	—	60	60

The liability for common stock warrants is included in “accrued and other current liabilities” and the liability for the deferred consideration and contingent consideration is included in “warranty reserve and other long-term liabilities” in the balance sheet. The following table provides a rollforward of the aggregate fair values of the Company’s common stock warrants, deferred and contingent consideration for which fair value is determined by Level 3 inputs (in thousands):


Warrant Liability
Balance, December 31, 2015	$	60
Increase in fair value through December 31, 2016		39
Balance, December 31, 2016	$	99

Deferred Consideration Liability
Balance, December 31, 2015	$	—
Initial fair value of acquisition-related deferred consideration		434
Change in fair value of deferred consideration		(39)
Balance, December 31, 2016	$	395

Contingent Consideration Liability
Balance, December 31, 2015	$	—
Initial fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration		1,166
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		76
Balance, December 31, 2016	$	1,242

The Company recognizes changes in the fair value of the warrants in “other income (expense), net” in the statement of operations and changes in deferred consideration and contingent consideration are recognized in “general and administrative” expense in the statement of operations.

(g)Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight‑line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, generally three years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related asset. Upon retirement or sale of an asset, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the balance sheet and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in the period realized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred.

(h)Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets of purchased businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is subject to impairment tests on at least an annual basis and whenever circumstances suggest that goodwill may be impaired. The Company’s annual test for impairment is performed as of October 1 of each fiscal year. The Company makes a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount before applying the two‑step goodwill impairment test. If the Company concludes that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, it is not required to perform the two‑step impairment test for that reporting unit.

Under the first step of the test, the Company is required to compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired and the second step of the test is not performed. If the results of the first step of the impairment test indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit does not exceed its carrying amount, then the second step of the test is required. The second step of the test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The impairment loss is measured by the excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill over the implied fair value of that goodwill.

Management evaluates the Company as a single reporting unit for business and operating purposes as all of the Company’s revenue streams are generated by the same underlying products via sales in the United States of America. In addition, the majority of the Company’s costs are, by their nature, shared costs that are not specifically identifiable to a geography or product line, but relate to all products. As a result, there is a high degree of interdependency among the Company’s net sales and cash flows for the entity and identifiable cash flows for a reporting unit separate from the entity are not meaningful.

The Company tests indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on at least an annual basis and whenever circumstances suggest the assets may be impaired. The Company’s annual test for impairment is performed as of October 1 of each fiscal year. If indicators of impairment are present, we evaluate the carrying value of the intangible assets in relation to estimates of future undiscounted cash flows. The Company also evaluates the remaining useful life of an indefinite-lived intangible asset to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life.

Judgments about the recoverability of purchased finite‑lived intangible assets are made whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that impairment may exist. Each fiscal year the Company evaluates the estimated remaining useful lives of purchased intangible assets and whether events or changes in circumstance warrant a revision to the remaining periods of amortization. Recoverability of finite‑lived intangible assets is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. The intangible asset is amortized to the statement of operations based on estimated cash flows generated from the intangible over its estimated life.

(i)Impairment of Long‑Lived Assets

The Company’s management routinely considers whether indicators of impairment of long‑lived assets are present. If such indicators are present, management determines whether the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows attributable to the assets in question is less than their carrying value. If less, the Company will recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the assets over their respective fair values. Fair value is determined by discounted future cash flows, appraisals or other methods. If the assets determined to be impaired are to be held and used, the Company will recognize an impairment charge to the extent the present value of anticipated net cash flows attributable to the asset are less than the asset’s carrying value. The fair value of the asset will then become the asset’s new carrying value. There have been no impairments of long‑lived assets recorded during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. The Company may record impairment losses in future periods if factors influencing its estimates change.

(j)Business Combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date in our financial statements. The excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Contingent consideration obligations incurred in connection with a business combination are recorded at their fair values on the acquisition date and remeasured at their fair values each subsequent reporting period until the related contingencies are resolved. The resulting changes in fair values are recorded in earnings.

(k)Revenue Recognition

The Company sells its product directly to customers in markets where it has regulatory approval. The Company offers a six-month return policy and recognizes revenue net of sales discounts and returns in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification 605, Revenue Recognition, or ASC 605. ASC 605 requires that six basic criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized when a right of return exists:

the seller’s price to the buyer is substantially fixed or determinable at the date of sale;

the buyer has paid the seller, or the buyer is obligated to pay the seller and the obligation is not contingent on resale of the product;

the buyer’s obligation to the seller would not be changed in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage of the product;

the buyer acquiring the product for resale has economic substance apart from that provided by the seller;

the seller does not have significant obligations for future performance to directly bring about resale of the product by the buyer; and

the amount of future returns can be reasonably estimated.

Appropriate reserves are established for anticipated sales returns based on historical experience, recent gross sales and any notification of pending returns. The Company recognizes revenue when title to the product and risk of loss transfer to customers, provided there are no remaining performance obligations required of the Company or any written matters requiring customer acceptance. The Company allows for the return of product from customers within six months after the original sale and records estimated sales returns as a reduction of sales in the same period revenue is recognized. Sales return provisions are calculated based upon historical experience with actual returns. Actual sales returns in any future period are inherently uncertain and thus may differ from the estimates. If actual sales returns differ significantly from the estimates, an adjustment to revenue in the current or subsequent period would be recorded. The Company has established an allowance for sales returns of $3.9 million and $0.7 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, recorded net against accounts receivable in the balance sheet.

A portion of the Company’s revenue is generated from the sale of consigned inventory of breast implants maintained at doctor, hospital, and clinic locations. The customer is contractually obligated to maintain a specific level of inventory and to notify the Company upon use. For these products, revenue is recognized at the time the Company is notified by the customer that the product has been implanted. Notification is usually through the replenishing of the inventory and the Company periodically reviews consignment inventories to confirm accuracy of customer reporting. FDA regulations require tracking the sales of all implanted breast implant products.

Shipping and handling charges are largely provided to customers free of charge. The associated costs are viewed as part of the Company’s marketing programs and are recorded as a component of sales and marketing expense in the statement of operations as an accounting policy election. For the years ended 2016, 2015 and 2014 these costs amounted to $0.6 million, $1.1 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

In other cases, shipping and handling charges may be invoiced to customers based on the amount of products sold. In such cases, shipping and handling fees collected are recorded as revenue and the related expense as a component of cost of goods sold.

(l)Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability to collect from some of its customers. The allowances for doubtful accounts are based on the analysis of historical bad debts, customer credit‑worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, and current economic trends. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, adversely affecting their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. The Company has established an allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.4 million and $0.5 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(m)Inventories and Cost of Goods Sold

Inventories represent finished goods that are recorded at the lower of cost or market on a first‑in, first‑out basis, or FIFO. The Company periodically assesses the recoverability of all inventories to determine whether adjustments for impairment or obsolescence are required. The Company evaluates the remaining shelf life and other general obsolescence and impairment criteria in assessing the recoverability of the Company’s inventory.

The Company recognizes the cost of inventory transferred to the customer in cost of goods sold when revenue is recognized.

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, approximately $2.0 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of the Company’s inventory was held on consignment at doctors’ offices, clinics, and hospitals. The value and quantity at any one location is not significant.

(n)Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

The Company operates in several tax jurisdictions and is subject to taxes in each jurisdiction in which it conducts business. To date, the Company has incurred cumulative net losses and maintains a full valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding realization of such assets. However, the Company has deferred tax liabilities associated with indefinite lived intangible assets that cannot be considered sources of income to support the realization of the deferred tax assets, and has provided for tax expense and a corresponding deferred tax liability associated with these indefinite lived intangible assets. Tax expense was $0.1 million and $0.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax position in accordance with ASC 740‑10, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. The Company assesses all material positions taken in any income tax return, including all significant uncertain positions, in all tax years that are still subject to assessment or challenge by relevant taxing authorities. Assessing an uncertain tax position begins with the initial determination of the position’s sustainability and is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of each balance sheet date, unresolved uncertain tax positions must be reassessed, and the Company will determine whether (i) the factors underlying the sustainability assertion have changed and (ii) the amount of the recognized tax benefit is still appropriate. The recognition and measurement of tax benefits requires significant judgment. Judgments concerning the recognition and measurement of tax benefit might change as new information becomes available.

(o)Research and Development Expenditures

Research and development costs are charged to operating expenses as incurred. Research and development, or R&D, primarily consist of clinical expenses, regulatory expenses, product development, consulting services, outside research activities, quality control and other costs associated with the development of the Company’s products and compliance with Good Clinical Practices, or GCP, requirements. R&D expenses also include related personnel and consultant compensation and stock-based compensation expense.

(p)Advertising

Expenses related to advertising are charged to sales and marketing expense as incurred. Advertising costs were $0.6 million, $1.0 million and $1.5 million for the years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

(q)Stock‑Based Compensation

The Company applies the fair value provisions of ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation, or ASC 718. ASC 718 requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair‑value based method, for costs related to all employee share‑based payments, including stock options, restricted stock units, and the employee stock purchase plan. ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of share‑based payment awards on the date of grant using an option‑pricing model. We estimate the fair value of our stock‑based awards to employees and directors using the Black‑Scholes option pricing model. The grant date fair value of a stock‑based award is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period of the award on a straight‑line basis. In addition, we use the Monte-Carlo simulation option-pricing model to determine the fair value of market-based awards. The Monte-Carlo simulation option-pricing model uses the same input assumptions as the Black-Scholes model; however, it also further incorporates into the fair-value determination the possibility that the market condition may not be satisfied. Compensation costs related to these awards are recognized regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied, provided that the requisite service has been provided.

The option-pricing models require the input of subjective assumptions, including the risk‑free interest rate, expected dividend yield, expected volatility and expected term, among other inputs. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. If factors change and different assumptions are used, our stock‑based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. These assumptions are estimated as follows:

Risk‑free interest rate—The risk‑free interest rate is based on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected term of the options for each option group.

Dividend yield—We have never declared or paid any cash dividends and do not presently plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, we used an expected dividend yield of zero.

Expected volatility—As we do not have a significant trading history for our common stock, the expected stock price volatility for our common stock was estimated by taking the average of (i) the median historic price volatility and (ii) the median of the implied volatility averages, with a three‑month lookback from the valuation date, for any trading options of industry peers based on daily price observations over a period equivalent to the expected term of the time to a liquidity event. We intend to continue to consistently apply this process using the same or similar public companies until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of our own common stock share price becomes available.

Expected term—The expected term represents the period that our stock‑based awards are expected to be outstanding.

The following table presents the weighted‑average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options granted during the periods presented:


	Year Ended December 31,
Stock Options	2016					2015					2014
Expected term (in years)	5.47		to	6.07		5.27		to	6.08		5.77		to	6.08
Expected volatility	51	%	to	53	%	45	%	to	52	%	52	%	to	57	%
Risk-free interest rate	1.42	%	to	1.54	%	1.48	%	to	1.92	%	1.71	%	to	2.00	%
Dividend yield	—					—					—

In addition to the assumptions used in the option-pricing models, the amount of stock‑based compensation expense we recognize in our financial statements includes an estimate of stock option forfeitures. We estimate our forfeiture rate based on an analysis of our actual forfeitures and will continue to evaluate the appropriateness of the forfeiture rate based on actual forfeiture experience, analysis of employee turnover and other factors. Changes in the estimated forfeiture rate can have a significant impact on our stock‑based compensation expense as the cumulative effect of adjusting the rate is recognized in the period the forfeiture estimate is changed. If a revised forfeiture rate is higher than the previously estimated forfeiture rate, an adjustment is made that will result in a decrease to the stock‑based compensation expense recognized in the financial statements. If a revised forfeiture rate is lower than the previously estimated forfeiture rate, an adjustment is made that will result in an increase to the stock‑based compensation expense recognized in our financial statements.

The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the stock purchase rights granted under the employee stock purchase plan:


	Year Ended December 31,
ESPP	2016					2015					2014
Expected term (in years)	0.50		to	2.10		0.50		to	2.10		0.63		to	2.14
Expected volatility	42	%	to	58	%	42	%	to	44	%	43	%	to	44	%
Risk-free interest rate	0.08	%	to	0.85	%	0.08	%	to	0.71	%	0.08	%	to	0.49	%
Dividend yield	—					—					—

(r)Product Warranties

The Company offers a limited warranty and a lifetime product replacement program for the Company’s silicone gel breast implants. Under the limited warranty, the Company will reimburse patients for certain out-of-pocket costs related to revision surgeries performed within ten years from the date of implantation in a covered event. Under the lifetime product replacement program, the Company provides no-charge replacement breast implants if a patient experiences a covered event. The programs are available to all patients implanted with the Company’s silicone breast implants after April 1, 2012 and are subject to the terms, conditions, claim procedures, limitations and exclusions. Timely completion of a device tracking and warranty enrollment form by the patient’s Plastic Surgeon is required to activate the programs and for the patient to be able to receive benefits under either program.

The following table provides a rollforward of the accrued warranties (in thousands):


		Year Ended December 31,
		2016		2015
Beginning balance as of January 1	$	1,332	$	961
Payments made during the period		(25)		(14)
Changes in accrual related to warranties issued during the period		177		420
Changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties		(106)		(35)
Balance as of December 31	$	1,378	$	1,332

(s)Segment Information

Management has determined that it has one business activity and operates in one segment as it only reports financial information on an aggregate basis to its Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s chief operating decision maker. All tangible assets are held in the United States.

(t)Net Loss Per Share


		December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
Net loss (in thousands)	$	(40,166)	$	(41,230)	$	(5,811)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		18,233,177		15,770,972		2,545,371
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(2.20)	$	(2.61)	$	(2.28)

The Company excluded the following potentially dilutive securities, outstanding as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 because they had an anti-dilutive impact due to the net loss attributable to common stockholders incurred for the periods.


		December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
Stock options to purchase common stock		2,057,296		1,967,906		1,613,544
Warrants for the purchase of common stock		47,710		47,710		47,710
		2,105,006		2,015,616		1,661,254

(u)Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued accounting standard update, or ASU, 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes. The standard requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet rather than being separated into current and noncurrent. ASU 2015-17 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted and the standard may be applied either retrospectively or on a prospective basis to all deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company early adopted ASU 2015-17 during the third quarter of 2016 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statement—Going Concern. The standard was issued to provide guidance about management's responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. ASU 2014-15 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted ASU 2014-15 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The standard was issued to provide a single framework that replaces existing industry and transaction specific GAAP with a five step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The accounting standard update will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, to defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. Therefore, ASU 2014-09 will become effective for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2018. Early adoption would be permitted for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2017. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative transition method. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2016-20 is intended to clarify and suggest improvements to the application of current standards under Topic 606 and other Topics amended by ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The effective date of ASU 2016-20 is the same as the effective date for ASU 2014-09. In preparation for our adoption of the new standard in our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018, we are reviewing contracts and other forms of agreements with our customers and are evaluating the provisions contained therein in light of the five-step model specified by the new guidance. That five-step model includes: (1) determination of whether a contract—an agreement between two or more parties that creates legally enforceable rights and obligations—exists; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. We are also evaluating the impact of the new standard on certain common practices currently employed by us and by other medical device companies, such as allowance for sales returns, rebates and other pricing programs. We have not yet determined the impact of the new standard on our financial statements or whether we will adopt on a prospective or retrospective basis in the first quarter of our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which supersedes FASB Accounting Standard Codification Leases (Topic 840). The standard is intended to increase the transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This accounting standard update will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of the standard will have on the financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The standard identifies areas for simplification involving several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, an option to recognize gross stock compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, as well as certain classifications on the statement of cash flows. This accounting standard update will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of the standard will have on the financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows – Classifications of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230). The standard update addresses eight specific cash flow issues not currently addressed by GAAP, with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice of how these cash receipts and payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This accounting standard update will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of the standard will have on the financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The standard adds guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses by providing a more specific definition of a business. The updated accounting standard will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2018. This ASU currently has no impact on the Company; however, the Company will evaluate the impact of this ASU on future business acquisitions.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The standard update eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The guidance requires an entity to perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. In addition, the guidance eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment. The standard will be effective for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2020. Early adoption is permitted for interim and annual goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of the standard will have on the financial statements and related disclosures.