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Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the year ended December 31, 2019
Commission file number 000-54863
EATON CORPORATION plc
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Ireland
 
98-1059235
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(IRS Employer Identification Number)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eaton House,
30 Pembroke Road,
Dublin 4,
Ireland
 
D04 Y0C2
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
 
 
 
 
+353
1637 2900
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Title of each class
 
Trading Symbol
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary shares ($0.01 par value)
 
ETN
 
New York Stock Exchange
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer," “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer
 
Accelerated filer
 
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
 
Emerging growth company
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange
Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No
The aggregate market value of Ordinary Shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2019 was $35.0 billion.
As of January 31, 2020, there were 413.4 million Ordinary Shares outstanding.
Documents Incorporated By Reference
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2020 annual shareholders meeting are incorporated by reference into Part III.
 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



Table of Contents

Part I

Item 1. Business.
Eaton Corporation plc (Eaton or the Company) is a power management company with 2019 net sales of $21.4 billion. Eaton’s mission is to improve the quality of life and the environment through the use of power management technologies and services. We provide sustainable solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power – more safely, more efficiently and more reliably. Eaton has approximately 101,000 employees in 60 countries and sells products to customers in more than 175 countries.
Eaton electronically files or furnishes reports pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and proxy and information statements, as well as any amendments to those reports. As soon as reasonably practicable, these reports are available free of charge through the Company's website at www.eaton.com. These filings are also accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
Acquisitions and Divestitures of Businesses
Information regarding the Company's acquisitions and divestitures is presented in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Business Segment Information
Information by business segment regarding principal products, principal markets, methods of distribution and net sales is presented in Note 15 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Additional information regarding Eaton's segments and business is presented below.
Electrical Products and Electrical Systems and Services
Principal methods of competition in these segments are performance of products and systems, technology, customer service and support, and price. Eaton has a strong competitive position in these segments and, with respect to many products, is considered among the market leaders. In normal economic cycles, sales of these segments are historically lower in the first quarter and higher in the third and fourth quarters of a year. In 2019, 24% of these segments' sales were made to seven large distributors of electrical products and electrical systems and services.
Hydraulics
Principal methods of competition in this segment are product performance, geographic coverage, service, and price. Eaton has a strong competitive position in this segment and, with respect to many products, is considered among the market leaders. Sales of this segment are historically higher in the first and second quarters and lower in the third and fourth quarters of the year. In 2019, 13% of this segment's sales were made to five large original equipment manufacturers or distributors of agricultural, construction, and industrial equipment and parts.
Aerospace
Principal methods of competition in this segment are total cost of ownership, product and system performance, quality, design engineering capabilities, and timely delivery. Eaton has a strong competitive position in this segment and, with respect to many products and platforms, is considered among the market leaders. In 2019, 26% of this segment's sales were made to three large original equipment manufacturers of aircraft.
Vehicle
Principal methods of competition in this segment are product performance, technology, global service, and price. Eaton has a strong competitive position in this segment and, with respect to many products, is considered among the market leaders. In 2019, 61% of this segment's sales were made to ten large original equipment manufacturers of vehicles and related components.
eMobility
Principal methods of competition in this segment are product performance, technology, global service, and price. Eaton has a strong competitive position in this segment. In 2019, 23% of this segment's sales were made to five large original equipment manufacturers of vehicles, construction equipment and related components.

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Table of Contents

Information Concerning Eaton's Business in General
Raw Materials
Eaton's major requirements for raw materials include iron, steel, copper, nickel, aluminum, brass, tin, silver, lead, titanium, rubber, plastic, electronic components, chemicals and fluids. Materials are purchased in various forms, such as extrusions, castings, powder metal, metal sheets and strips, forging billets, bar stock, and plastic pellets. Raw materials, as well as parts and other components, are purchased from many suppliers. Under normal circumstances, the Company has no difficulty obtaining its raw materials. In 2019, Eaton maintained appropriate levels of inventory to prevent shortages and did not experience any availability constraints.
Patents and Trademarks
Eaton considers its intellectual property, including without limitation patents, trade names, domain names, trademarks, confidential information, and trade secrets to be of significant value to its business as a whole. The Company's products are manufactured, marketed and sold under a portfolio of patents, trademarks, licenses, and other forms of intellectual property, some of which expire in the future. Eaton develops and acquires new intellectual property on an ongoing basis and considers all of its intellectual property to be valuable. Based on the broad scope of the Company's product lines, management believes that the loss or expiration of any single intellectual property right would not have a material effect on Eaton's consolidated financial statements or its business segments. The Company's policy is to file applications and obtain patents for the majority of its novel and innovative new products including product modifications and improvements.
Order Backlog
A significant portion of open orders placed with Eaton are by original equipment manufacturers or distributors. These open orders are not considered firm as they have been historically subject to releases by customers. In measuring backlog orders, only the amount of orders to which customers are firmly committed are included. Using this criterion, total backlog at December 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $5.4 billion and $5.3 billion, respectively. Backlog should not be relied upon as being indicative of results of operations for future periods.
Environmental Contingencies
Operations of the Company involve the use and disposal of certain substances regulated under environmental protection laws. Eaton continues to modify processes on an ongoing, regular basis in order to reduce the impact on the environment, including the reduction or elimination of certain chemicals used in, and wastes generated from, operations. Compliance with laws that have been enacted or adopted regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment, are not expected to have a material adverse effect upon earnings or the competitive position of the Company. Eaton's estimated capital expenditures for environmental control facilities are not expected to be material for 2020 and 2021. Information regarding the Company's liabilities related to environmental matters is presented in Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Among the risks that could materially adversely affect Eaton's businesses, financial condition or results of operations are the following:
Volatility of end markets that Eaton serves.
Eaton's segment revenues, operating results, and profitability have varied in the past and may vary from quarter to quarter in the future. Profitability can be negatively impacted by volatility in the end markets that Eaton serves. The Company has undertaken measures to reduce the impact of this volatility through diversification of the markets it serves and expansion of the geographic regions in which it operates. Future downturns in any of the markets could adversely affect revenues, operating results, and profitability.
Eaton's operating results depend in part on continued successful research, development, and marketing of new and/or improved products and services, and there can be no assurance that Eaton will continue to successfully introduce new products and services or maintain its present market positions.
The success of new and improved products and services depends on their initial and continued acceptance by Eaton's customers. The Company's businesses are affected, to varying degrees, by technological change and corresponding shifts in customer demand, which could result in unpredictable product transitions or shortened life cycles. Eaton may experience difficulties or delays in the research, development, production, or marketing of new products and services which may prevent Eaton from recouping or realizing a return on the investments required to bring new products and services to market. The Company's market positions may also be impacted by new entrants into Eaton's product or regional markets.

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Eaton's operations depend on production facilities throughout the world, which subjects them to varying degrees of risk of disrupted production.
Eaton manages businesses with manufacturing facilities worldwide. The Company's manufacturing facilities and operations could be disrupted by a natural disaster, labor strike, war, political unrest, terrorist activity, economic upheaval, or public health concerns such as the spread of COVID-19. Some of these conditions are more likely in certain geographic regions in which Eaton operates. Any such disruption could cause delays in shipments of products and the loss of sales and customers, and insurance proceeds may not adequately compensate for losses.
If Eaton is unable to protect its information technology infrastructure against service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network security breaches, product or service offerings could be compromised or operations could be disrupted or data confidentiality lost.
Eaton relies on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes and activities, including procurement, manufacturing, distribution, invoicing and collection. These technology networks and systems may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components; power outages; hardware failures; or computer viruses. In addition, security breaches could result in unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. If these information technology systems suffer severe damage, disruption, breach, or shutdown, and business continuity plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, there could be a negative impact on operating results or the Company may suffer financial or reputational damage. Further, Cyber-based risks could also include attacks targeting the security, integrity and/or reliability of the hardware, software and information installed, stored or transmitted in our products, including after the purchase of those products and when they are incorporated into third party products, facilities or infrastructure. Such attacks could result in disruptions to third party systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data (our own or that of third parties). Further, to a significant extent, the security of our customers’ systems depends on how those systems are protected, configured, updated and monitored, all of which are typically outside our control.
Eaton's global operations subject it to economic risk as Eaton's results of operations may be adversely affected by changes in government legislation, regulations and policies and currency fluctuations.
Operating globally subjects Eaton to changes in government regulations and policies in a large number of jurisdictions around the world, including those related to tariffs and trade barriers, investments, property ownership rights, taxation, data privacy, and exchange controls. Changes in the relative values of currencies occur from time to time and could affect Eaton's operating results. While the Company monitors exchange rate exposures and attempts to reduce these exposures through hedging activities, these risks could adversely affect operating results.
Further, existing free trade laws and regulations provide certain beneficial duties and tariffs for qualifying imports and exports, subject to compliance with the applicable classification and other requirements. Changes in laws or policies governing the terms of foreign trade, and in particular increased trade restrictions, tariffs or taxes on imports from countries where we manufacture products could have an impact on our business and financial results.
Eaton may be subject to risks relating to changes in its tax rates or exposure to additional income tax liabilities.
Eaton is subject to income taxes in many jurisdictions around the world. Income tax liabilities are subject to the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. The Company's effective tax rate could be affected by changes in the mix among earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets, or changes in tax legislation, regulations, and policies. The amount of income taxes paid is subject to ongoing audits by tax authorities in the countries in which Eaton operates. If these audits result in assessments different from amounts reserved, future financial results may include unfavorable adjustments to the Company's tax liabilities.
Eaton uses a variety of raw materials and components in its businesses, and significant shortages, price increases, or supplier insolvencies could increase operating costs and adversely impact the competitive positions of Eaton's products.
Eaton's major requirements for raw materials are described above in Item 1 “Raw Materials”. Significant shortages could affect the prices Eaton's businesses are charged and the competitive position of their products and services, all of which could adversely affect operating results.
Further, Eaton's suppliers of component parts may increase their prices in response to increases in costs of raw materials that they use to manufacture component parts. The Company may not be able to increase its prices commensurately with its increased costs, adversely affecting operating results.

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Eaton may be unable to adequately protect its intellectual property rights, which could affect the Company's ability to compete.
Protecting Eaton's intellectual property rights is critical to its ability to compete and succeed. The Company owns a large number of patents and patent applications worldwide, as well as trademark and copyright registrations that are necessary, and contribute significantly, to the preservation of Eaton's competitive position in various markets. Although management believes that the loss or expiration of any single intellectual property right would not have a material effect on the results of operations or financial position of Eaton or its business segments, there can be no assurance that any one, or more, of these patents and other intellectual property will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented by third parties. Eaton enters into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with the Company's employees, and into non-disclosure agreements with suppliers and appropriate customers, so as to limit access to and disclosure of proprietary information. These measures may not suffice to deter misappropriation or independent third party development of similar technologies.
Eaton is subject to litigation and environmental regulations that could adversely impact Eaton's businesses.
At any given time, Eaton may be subject to litigation, the disposition of which may have a material adverse effect on the Company's businesses, financial condition or results of operations. Information regarding current legal proceedings is presented in Note 8 and Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.

Item 2. Properties.
Eaton's principal executive offices are located at Eaton House, 30 Pembroke Road, Dublin 4, Ireland D04 Y0C2. The Company maintains manufacturing facilities at approximately 284 locations in 41 countries. The Company is a lessee under a number of operating leases for certain real properties and equipment, none of which is material to its operations. Management believes that the existing manufacturing facilities are adequate for its operations and that the facilities are maintained in good condition.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
Information regarding the Company's current legal proceedings is presented in Note 8 and Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.


5


Item 4A. Information about our Executive Officers
A listing of executive officers, their ages, positions and offices held over the past five years, as of February 1, 2020, follows:
Name
 
Age
 
Position (Date elected to position)
Craig Arnold
 
59
 
Chairman of Eaton Corporation plc (June 1, 2016 - present)
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer of Eaton Corporation (June 1, 2016 - present)
 
 
 
 
Director of Eaton Corporation plc (September 1, 2015 - present)
 
 
 
 
President and Chief Operating Officer of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(September 1, 2015 - May 31, 2016)
 
 
 
 
Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer - Industrial Sector of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(February 1, 2009 - August 31, 2015)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Richard H. Fearon
 
63
 
Director of Eaton Corporation plc (September 1, 2015 - present)
 
 
 
 
Vice Chairman and Chief Financial and Planning Officer of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(April 24, 2002 - present)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uday Yadav
 
56
 
President and Chief Operating Officer - Electrical Sector of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(July 1, 2019 - present)
 
 
 
 
Chief Operating Officer - Industrial Sector of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(September 1, 2015 - June 30, 2019)
 
 
 
 
President of Aerospace Group of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(August 1, 2012 - August 31, 2015)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Heath B. Monesmith
 
49
 
President and Chief Operating Officer - Industrial Sector of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(July 1, 2019 - present)
 
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and General Counsel of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(March 1, 2017 - January 6, 2020)
 
 
 
 
Senior Vice President and Deputy General Counsel of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(May 15, 2015 - March 1, 2017)
 
 
 
 
Vice President and Chief Counsel - Litigation of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(November 30, 2012 - May 15, 2015)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
April Miller Boise
 
51
 
Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(January 6, 2020 - present)
 
 
 
 
Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary of Meritor, Inc.
 
 
 
 
(August 15, 2016 - December 13, 2019)
 
 
 
 
Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Head of Global Mergers and Acquisitions,
 
 
 
 
and Corporate Secretary of Avintiv, Inc. (March 23, 2015 - December 31, 2015)
 
 
 
 
Vice President, General Counsel, Corporate Secretary and Chief Privacy Officer of
 
 
 
 
Veyance Technologies, Inc. (January 1, 2011 - January 30, 2015)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ernest W. Marshall, Jr.
 
51
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(July 1, 2018 - present)
 
 
 
 
Vice President - Human Resources, Aviation Division of General Electric
 
 
 
 
(August 1, 2013 - June 30, 2018)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ken D. Semelsberger
 
58
 
Senior Vice President and Controller of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(November 1, 2013 - present)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

6


Joao V. Faria
 
55
 
President - Vehicle Group of Eaton Corporation (May 1, 2017 - present)
 
 
 
 
Vice President and General Manager, Latin America, Electrical Sector and
 
 
 
 
President, Latin America (August 1, 2013 - April 30, 2017)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nandakumar Cheruvatath
 
58
 
President - Aerospace Group of Eaton Corporation (September 1, 2015 - present)
 
 
 
 
Executive Vice President, Eaton Business System (August 1, 2012 - August 31, 2015)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Paulo Ruiz Sternadt
 
45
 
President - Hydraulics Group of Eaton Corporation (April 1, 2019 - present)
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer - Dresser Rand, a Siemens business
 
 
 
 
(October 19, 2017 - March 30, 2019)
 
 
 
 
Executive Vice President - Global Solutions and New Technologies & Strategic
 
 
 
 
Business Development of Dresser Rand, a Siemens business
 
 
 
 
(April 1, 2016 - October 18, 2017)
 
 
 
 
Global Segment Head - Business Segment Bushings, Instrument Transformers & Coils,
 
 
 
 
Siemens AG (April 1, 2012 - March 30, 2016)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brian S. Brickhouse
 
56
 
President - Americas Region, Electrical Sector of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(July 1, 2019 - present)
 
 
 
 
President - Electrical Systems and Services Group of Eaton Corporation
 
 
 
 
(July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019)
 
 
 
 
President, Asia Pacific Region, Electrical (May 15, 2015 - June 30, 2018)
 
 
 
 
President, Power Quality Division, Electrical Sector - Americas
 
 
 
 
(August 15, 2012 - May 14, 2015)
There are no family relationships among the officers listed, and there are no arrangements or understandings pursuant to which any of them were elected as officers. All officers hold office for one year and until their successors are elected and qualified, unless otherwise specified by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that any officer is subject to removal with or without cause, at any time, by a vote of a majority of the Board of Directors.

Part II

Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Ordinary Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
The Company's ordinary shares are listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol ETN. At December 31, 2019, there were 12,072 holders of record of the Company's ordinary shares. Additionally, 17,699 current and former employees were shareholders through participation in the Eaton Savings Plan (ESP), the Eaton Personal Investment Plan (EPIP), and the Eaton Puerto Rico Retirement Savings Plan.
Information regarding equity-based compensation plans required by Regulation S-K Item 201(d) is provided in Item 12 of this Form 10-K Report.
Irish Taxes Applicable to Dividends
Irish income tax may arise with respect to dividends paid on Eaton shares. Eaton may be required to deduct Irish dividend withholding tax (“IDWT”, currently at a rate of 25%) from dividends paid to shareholders who are not tax residents of Ireland even though they are not be subject to this tax. To claim exemption from IDWT, shareholders can complete certain Irish dividend withholding tax exemption forms or hold their shares in an account through the Depository Trust Company and have on file with their broker or qualifying agent a valid U.S. address on the record date of the dividend.
Eaton shareholders who receive their dividends subject to Irish dividend withholding tax will generally have no further liability for Irish income tax on the dividends unless they are otherwise subject to Irish income tax.

7


Issuer's Purchases of Equity Securities
During the fourth quarter of 2019, 0.6 million ordinary shares were repurchased in the open market at a total cost of $51. A summary of the shares repurchased in the fourth quarter of 2019 follows:
Month
 
Total number of shares purchased
 
Average price paid per share
 
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs
 
Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in millions)
October
 

 
$

 

 
$
3,753

November
 
545,499

 
$
90.17

 
545,499

 
$
3,704

December
 
19,838

 
$
91.23

 
19,838

 
$
3,702

Total
 
565,337

 
$
90.21

 
565,337

 
 

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
Information regarding selected financial data is presented in the “Five-Year Consolidated Financial Summary” of this Form 10-K.

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Information required by this Item is presented in “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-K.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Information regarding market risk is presented in “Market Risk Disclosure” of this Form 10-K.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The reports of the independent registered public accounting firm, consolidated financial statements, and notes to consolidated financial statements are presented in Item 15 of this Form 10-K.
Information regarding selected quarterly financial information for 2019 and 2018 is presented in “Quarterly Data” of this Form 10-K.

Item 9. Change in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures - Pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-15, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of Eaton's management, including Craig Arnold - Principal Executive Officer; and Richard H. Fearon - Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, Eaton's management concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2019.
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Company reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Company reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company's Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

8


Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations adopted pursuant thereto, Eaton has included a report of management's assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which is included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K.
“Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” relating to internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 is included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K.
During the fourth quarter of 2019, there was no change in Eaton's internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting. Management is currently evaluating the impact of businesses acquired in 2019 on Eaton's internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.
None.
Part III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Information required with respect to the directors of the Company is set forth under the caption “Election of Directors” in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 13, 2020, and is incorporated by reference.
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics, which applies to the directors, officers and employees worldwide. This document is available on the Company's website at http://www.eaton.com.
There were no changes during the fourth quarter 2019 to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to the Company's Board of Directors.
Information related to the Audit Committee, and members of the Committee who are financial experts, is set forth under the caption “Board Committees - Audit Committee” in the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 13, 2020, and is incorporated by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.
Information required with respect to executive compensation is set forth under the caption “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 13, 2020, and is incorporated by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
Information required with respect to securities authorized for issuance under equity-based compensation plans is set forth under the caption “Equity Compensation Plans” in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 13, 2020, and is incorporated by reference.
Information required with respect to security ownership of certain beneficial owners, is set forth under the caption “Share Ownership Tables” in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 13, 2020, and is incorporated by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Information required with respect to certain relationships and related transactions is set forth under the caption “Review of Related Person Transactions” in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 13, 2020, and is incorporated by reference.
Information required with respect to director independence is set forth under the caption “Director Independence” in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 13, 2020, and is incorporated by reference.


9


Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
Information required with respect to principal accountant fees and services is set forth under the caption “Audit Committee Report” in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 13, 2020, and is incorporated by reference.

Part IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
(a)
(1) The reports of the independent registered public accounting firm, consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements are included in Item 8 above:
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Income - Years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Consolidated Balance Sheets - December 31, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - Years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2) All other schedules for which provision is made in Regulation S-X of the SEC are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and, therefore, have been omitted.
(3) Exhibits incorporated by reference to or filed in conjunction with this form 10-K are listed below.
3 (i)
 
 
 
3 (ii)
 
 
 
4.1
 
 
 
4.2
 
 
 
4.3
 
 
 
4.4
 
 
 
4.5
 
 
 
4.6
 
 
 
4.7
 
 
 
4.8
Pursuant to Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(4), Eaton agrees to furnish to the SEC, upon request, a copy of the instruments defining the rights of holders of its long-term debt other than those set forth in Exhibits (4.2 - 4.7) hereto
 
 
 
10
Material contracts
 
 
 

10

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(a)
 
 
 
 
(b)
 
 
 
 
(c)
 
 
 
 
(d)
 
 
 
 
(e)
 
 
 
 
(f)
 
 
 
 
(g)
 
 
 
 
(h)
 
 
 
 
(i)
 
 
 
 
(j)
 
 
 
 
(k)
 
 
 
 
(l)
 
 
 
 
(m)
 
 
 
 
(n)
 
 
 
 
(o)
 
 
 
 
(p)
 
 
 
 
(q)
 
 
 
 
(r)
 
 
 
 
(s)

 
 
 
 
(t)
 
 
 
 
(u)
 
 
 
 
(v)
 
 
 
 
(w)
 
 
 
 
(x)
 
 
 

11

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(y)
 
 
 
 
(z)
 
 
 
 
(aa)
 
 
 
 
(bb)
 
 
 
 
(cc)
 
 
 
 
(dd)
 
 
 
 
(ee)
 
 
 
 
(ff)
 
 
 
 
(gg)
 
 
 
 
(hh)
 
 
 
 
(ii)
 
 
 
 
(jj)
 
 
 
 
(kk)
 
 
 
 
(ll)
 
 
 
 
(mm)
 
 
 
 
(nn)
 
 
 
 
(oo)
 
 
 
 
(pp)
 
 
 
 
(qq)
 
 
 
 
(rr)
 
 
 
 
(ss)
 
 
 
 
(tt)
 
 
 
 
(uu)
 
 
 

12

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(vv)
 
 
 
 
(ww)
 
 
 
 
(xx)
 
 
 
 
(yy)
 
 
 
 
(zz)
 
 
 
 
(aaa)
 
 
 
 
(bbb)
 
 
 
 
(ccc)
 
 
 
 
(ddd)
 
 
 
 
(eee)
 
 
 
 
(fff)
 
 
 
14
 
 
 
 
21
 
 
 
 
23
 
 
 
 
24
 
 
 
 
31.1
 
 
 
 
31.2
 
 
 
 
32.1
 
 
 
 
32.2
 
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. *
 
 
 
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document *
 
 
 
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document *
 
 
 
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document *
 
 
 
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document *
 
 
 
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document *
 
 
 
104
 
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
_______________________________

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*
Submitted electronically herewith.
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2019 and 2018, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, (v) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
Not applicable.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
EATON CORPORATION plc
 
 
 
Registrant
 
 
 
 
Date:
February 26, 2020
By:
/s/ Richard H. Fearon
 
 
 
Richard H. Fearon
 
 
 
(On behalf of the registrant and as Principal Financial Officer)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Date: February 26, 2020

Signature
 
Title
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Craig Arnold
 
 
 
/s/ Richard H. Fearon
 
 
Craig Arnold
 
Chairman, Principal Executive Officer; Director
 
Richard H. Fearon
 
Principal Financial Officer, Director
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Ken D. Semelsberger
 
 
 
*
 
 
Ken D. Semelsberger
 
Principal Accounting Officer
 
Todd M. Bluedorn
 
Director
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
 
 
*
 
 
Christopher M. Connor
 
Director
 
Michael J. Critelli
 
Director
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
 
 
*
 
 
Olivier Leonetti
 
Director
 
Deborah L. McCoy
 
Director
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
 
 
/s/ Gregory R. Page
 
 
Silvio Napoli
 
Director
 
Gregory R. Page
 
Director
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
 
 
*
 
 
Sandra Pianalto
 
Director
 
Gerald B. Smith
 
Director
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dorothy C. Thompson
 
Director
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*By
 
/s/ Richard H. Fearon
 
 
Richard H. Fearon, Attorney-in-Fact for the officers
and directors signing in the capacities indicated


15

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Eaton Corporation plc

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Eaton Corporation plc (“the Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 26, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
                                                      
Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

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Unrecognized Income Tax Benefits

Description of the Matter

As discussed in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company had gross unrecognized income tax benefits of $1,001 million related to its uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2019. Unrecognized income tax benefits are recorded under the two-step recognition and measurement principles when a tax position does not meet the more likely than not standard, or if a tax position meets the more likely than not standard, but the financial statement tax benefit is reduced as part of the measurement step.

The balance of unrecognized income tax benefits is comprised of uncertain tax positions which meet the more likely than not standard, but the financial statement tax benefit has been reduced as part of measuring the tax position.

Auditing management’s analysis of its uncertain tax positions and resulting unrecognized income tax benefits is complex as each tax position carries unique facts and circumstances that must be evaluated and ultimate resolution is dependent on uncontrollable factors such as the prospect of retroactive regulations, new case law, the willingness of the income tax authority to settle the issue, including the timing thereof; and other factors.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of management’s controls related to uncertain tax positions. For example, we tested controls over management’s application of the two-step recognition and measurement principles and management’s review of the inputs and resultant calculations of unrecognized income tax benefits, as well as the identification of uncertain tax positions.

We also evaluated the Company’s assessment of its uncertain tax positions. Our audit procedures included evaluating management’s accounting policies and documentation to assess the appropriateness and consistency of the methods and assumptions used to develop its uncertain tax positions and related unrecognized income tax benefit amounts by jurisdiction. We also tested the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used by the Company. For example, we compared the unrecognized income tax benefits recorded with similar positions in prior periods and assessed management’s consideration of current tax controversy and litigation and trends in similar positions challenged by tax authorities. We also assessed the historical accuracy of management’s estimates of its unrecognized income tax benefits with the resolution of those positions. In addition, we involved tax subject matter professionals to evaluate the application of relevant tax laws in the Company’s recognition determination. Further, we tested the Company’s release of previously recorded unrecognized income tax benefits, which along with the recording of additional unrecognized tax benefits, impacts the Company’s tax provision. We have also evaluated the Company’s income tax disclosures in relation to these matters.

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Table of Contents

 
Reallocation of Goodwill related to the Divestiture of the Lighting Business

Description of the Matter

In October 2019, the Company announced the planned sale of its lighting, lighting controls and connected lighting solutions business (collectively referred to as “Lighting”) as discussed further in Notes 2 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements and classified Lighting as held for sale. In conjunction with the classification of Lighting as held for sale, management reassigned goodwill to the Lighting business and the impacted reporting unit using a relative fair value allocation. Goodwill of $470 million was allocated as part of classifying Lighting assets as held for sale in the fourth quarter.

Auditing the Company's allocation of goodwill to the Lighting business was complex due to the significant estimation required to determine the fair value of Lighting and the impacted reporting unit. The fair value estimates were sensitive to significant assumptions such as the weighted average cost of capital, revenue growth rates, operating margins, and perpetual growth rates, which are affected by expectations about future market or economic conditions.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of management’s controls over the goodwill allocation process. For example, we tested controls over management’s review of the significant assumptions described above along with the completeness and accuracy of the data used in the fair value estimates.
 
To test the estimated fair value of Lighting and the Company’s impacted reporting unit, our audit procedures included, among others, evaluating the Company’s fair value methodology, testing the significant assumptions discussed above and testing the underlying data used by the Company in its analysis. For example, we compared the significant assumptions used by management to current industry and economic trends. We assessed the historical accuracy of management’s estimates and performed sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to evaluate the changes in the fair value of Lighting and the impacted reporting unit that would result from changes in assumptions. We also involved a valuation specialist to assist in our evaluation of the weighted average cost of capital. We tested the allocation of goodwill by recalculating the amounts based on the estimated fair value of Lighting and the impacted reporting unit.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1923.

Cleveland, Ohio
February 26, 2020




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MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We have prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related information of Eaton Corporation plc ("Eaton") included herein for the three years ended December 31, 2019. The primary responsibility for the integrity of the financial information included in this annual report rests with management. The financial information included in this annual report has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States based on our best estimates and judgments and giving due consideration to materiality. The opinion of Ernst & Young LLP, Eaton's independent registered public accounting firm, on those consolidated financial statements is included herein.
Eaton has high standards of ethical business practices supported by the Eaton Code of Ethics and corporate policies. Careful attention is given to selecting, training and developing personnel, to ensure that management's objectives of establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls and unbiased, uniform reporting standards are attained. Our policies and procedures provide reasonable assurance that operations are conducted in conformity with applicable laws and with the Company's commitment to a high standard of business conduct.
The Board of Directors pursues its responsibility for the quality of Eaton's financial reporting primarily through its Audit Committee, which is composed of five independent directors. The Audit Committee meets regularly with management, the internal auditors and the independent registered public accounting firm to ensure that they are meeting their responsibilities and to discuss matters concerning accounting, internal control, audits and financial reporting. The internal auditors and independent registered public accounting firm have full and free access to senior management and the Audit Committee.
/s/ Craig Arnold
 
/s/ Richard H. Fearon
 
/s/ Ken D. Semelsberger
Principal Executive Officer
 
Principal Financial Officer
 
Principal Accounting Officer
 
 
 
 
 
February 26, 2020
 
 
 
 


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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Eaton Corporation plc
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Eaton Corporation plc’s (“the Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on the COSO criteria.
As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of entities that were acquired during 2019 (as defined in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements), which are included in the 2019 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted 5% of total assets (inclusive of acquired intangible assets) as of December 31, 2019 and less than 1% of net sales for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of entities that were acquired during 2019.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes and our report dated February 26, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Cleveland, Ohio
February 26, 2020

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MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The management of Eaton Corporation plc ("Eaton") is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act rules 13a-15(f)).
Under the supervision and with the participation of Eaton's management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. Our evaluation of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of entities that were acquired during 2019 (as defined in Note 2), which are included in the 2019 consolidated financial statements and constituted approximately 5% of total assets (inclusive of acquired intangible assets) as of December 31, 2019 and less than 1% of net sales for the year then ended. In conducting this evaluation, we used the framework set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013 Framework). Based on this evaluation under the framework referred to above, management concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019.
The independent registered public accounting firm Ernst & Young LLP has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. This report is included herein.
/s/ Craig Arnold
 
/s/ Richard H. Fearon
 
/s/ Ken D. Semelsberger
Principal Executive Officer
 
Principal Financial Officer
 
Principal Accounting Officer
 
 
 
 
 
February 26, 2020
 
 
 
 


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Table of Contents

EATON CORPORATION plc
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
 
Year ended December 31
(In millions except for per share data)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net sales
$
21,390

 
$
21,609

 
$
20,404

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold
14,338

 
14,511

 
13,756

Selling and administrative expense
3,583

 
3,548

 
3,526

Research and development expense
606

 
584

 
584

Interest expense - net
236

 
271

 
246

Gain on sale of business

 

 
1,077

Arbitration decision expense

 
275

 

Other expense (income) - net
36

 
(4
)
 
1

Income before income taxes
2,591

 
2,424

 
3,368

Income tax expense
378

 
278

 
382

Net income
2,213

 
2,146

 
2,986

Less net income for noncontrolling interests
(2
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
$
2,211

 
$
2,145

 
$
2,985

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted
$
5.25

 
$
4.91

 
$
6.68

Basic
5.28

 
4.93

 
6.71

 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted
420.8

 
436.9

 
447.0

Basic
419.0

 
434.3

 
444.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends declared per ordinary share
$
2.84

 
$
2.64

 
$
2.40


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

EATON CORPORATION plc
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
Year ended December 31
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net income
$
2,213

 
$
2,146

 
$
2,986

Less net income for noncontrolling interests
(2
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
2,211

 
2,145

 
2,985

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
 
 
 
 
Currency translation and related hedging instruments
16

 
(609
)
 
807

Pensions and other postretirement benefits
(130
)
 
(139
)
 
241

Cash flow hedges
(31
)
 
7

 
(4
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Eaton
   ordinary shareholders
(145
)
 
(741
)
 
1,044

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total comprehensive income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
$
2,066

 
$
1,404

 
$
4,029


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


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Table of Contents

EATON CORPORATION plc
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
December 31
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
Assets
 
 
 
Current assets
 
 
 
Cash
$
370

 
$
283

Short-term investments
221

 
157

Accounts receivable - net
3,437

 
3,858

Inventory
2,805

 
2,785

Assets held for sale
1,377

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
518

 
507

Total current assets
8,728

 
7,590

 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
 
 
 
Land and buildings
2,440

 
2,466

Machinery and equipment
6,266

 
6,106

Gross property, plant and equipment
8,706

 
8,572

Accumulated depreciation
(5,210
)
 
(5,105
)
Net property, plant and equipment
3,496

 
3,467

 
 
 
 
Other noncurrent assets

 

Goodwill
13,456

 
13,328

Other intangible assets
4,638

 
4,846

Operating lease assets
436

 

Deferred income taxes
372

 
293

Other assets
1,679

 
1,568

Total assets
$
32,805

 
$
31,092

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
 
 
 
Current liabilities
 
 
 
Short-term debt
$
255

 
$
414

Current portion of long-term debt
248

 
339

Accounts payable
2,114

 
2,130

Accrued compensation
449

 
457

Liabilities held for sale
325

 

Other current liabilities
1,741

 
1,814

Total current liabilities
5,132

 
5,154

 
 
 
 
Noncurrent liabilities
 
 
 
Long-term debt
7,819

 
6,768

Pension liabilities
1,462

 
1,304

Other postretirement benefits liabilities
328

 
321

Operating lease liabilities
331

 

Deferred income taxes
396

 
349

Other noncurrent liabilities
1,204

 
1,054

Total noncurrent liabilities
11,540

 
9,796

 
 
 
 
Shareholders’ equity
 
 
 
Ordinary shares (413.3 million outstanding in 2019 and 423.6 million in 2018)
4

 
4

Capital in excess of par value
12,200

 
12,090

Retained earnings
8,170

 
8,161

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(4,290
)
 
(4,145
)
Shares held in trust
(2
)
 
(3
)
Total Eaton shareholders’ equity
16,082

 
16,107

Noncontrolling interests
51

 
35

Total equity
16,133

 
16,142

Total liabilities and equity
$
32,805

 
$
31,092


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

EATON CORPORATION plc
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
Year ended December 31
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Operating activities
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
2,213

 
$
2,146

 
$
2,986

Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
884

 
903

 
914

Deferred income taxes
(71
)
 
(115
)
 
(206
)
Pension and other postretirement benefits expense
157

 
159

 
208

Contributions to pension plans
(119
)
 
(126
)
 
(473
)
Contributions to other postretirement benefits plans
(15
)
 
(25
)
 
(20
)
Loss (gain) on sale of businesses
66

 

 
(843
)
Changes in working capital
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable - net
200

 
(123
)
 
(231
)
Inventory
(60
)
 
(242
)
 
(202
)
Accounts payable
147

 
23

 
388

Accrued compensation
(23
)
 
23

 
59

Accrued income and other taxes
(49
)
 
(31
)
 
(4
)
Other current assets
(94
)
 
71

 
2

Other current liabilities
(57
)
 
144

 
(203
)
Other - net
272

 
(149
)
 
291

Net cash provided by operating activities
3,451

 
2,658

 
2,666

 
 
 
 
 
 
Investing activities
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment
(587
)
 
(565
)
 
(520
)
Cash paid for acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired
(1,180
)
 

 

Proceeds from (payments for) sales of businesses
(36
)
 

 
607

Sales (purchases) of short-term investments - net
(70
)
 
355

 
(298
)
Proceeds from (payments for) settlement of currency exchange contracts not designated as hedges - net
54

 
(110
)
 

Other - net
(47
)
 
(78
)
 
(6
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(1,866
)
 
(398
)
 
(217
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financing activities
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from borrowings
1,232

 
410

 
1,000

Payments on borrowings
(507
)
 
(574
)
 
(1,554
)
Cash dividends paid
(1,201
)
 
(1,149
)
 
(1,068
)
Exercise of employee stock options
66

 
29

 
66

Repurchase of shares
(1,029
)
 
(1,271
)
 
(850
)
Employee taxes paid from shares withheld
(46
)
 
(24
)
 
(22
)
Other - net
(9
)
 
(2
)
 
(14
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(1,494
)
 
(2,581
)
 
(2,442
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effect of currency on cash
(4
)
 
43

 
11

Total increase (decrease) in cash
87

 
(278
)
 
18

Cash at the beginning of the period
283

 
561

 
543

Cash at the end of the period
$
370

 
$
283

 
$
561


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

EATON CORPORATION plc
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
Ordinary shares
 
Capital in excess of par value
 
Retained earnings
 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
Shares held in trust
 
Total Eaton shareholders' equity
 
Noncontrolling interests
 
Total equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In millions)
Shares
 
Dollars
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2017
449.4

 
$
5

 
$
11,845

 
$
7,555

 
$
(4,448
)
 
$
(3
)
 
$
14,954

 
$
44

 
$
14,998

Cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2016-09

 

 

 
48

 

 

 
48

 

 
48

Net income

 

 

 
2,985

 

 

 
2,985

 
1

 
2,986

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

 

 

 

 
1,044

 

 
1,044

 

 
1,044

Cash dividends paid

 

 

 
(1,068
)
 

 

 
(1,068
)
 
(5
)
 
(1,073
)
Issuance of shares under equity-based compensation plans
2.0

 

 
142

 
(2
)
 

 

 
140

 

 
140

Changes in noncontrolling interest of consolidated subsidiaries - net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Repurchase of shares
(11.5
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(849
)
 

 

 
(850
)
 

 
(850
)
Balance at December 31, 2017
439.9

 
4

 
11,987

 
8,669

 
(3,404
)
 
(3
)
 
17,253

 
37

 
17,290

Cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2014-09

 

 

 
(2
)
 

 

 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Cumulative-effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2016-16

 

 

 
(199
)
 

 

 
(199
)
 

 
(199
)
Net income

 

 

 
2,145

 

 

 
2,145

 
1

 
2,146

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax

 

 

 

 
(741
)
 

 
(741
)
 


 
(741
)
Cash dividends paid

 

 

 
(1,149
)
 

 

 
(1,149
)
 
(1
)
 
(1,150
)
Issuance of shares under equity-based compensation plans
1.2

 

 
103

 
(3
)
 

 

 
100

 

 
100

Changes in noncontrolling interest of consolidated subsidiaries - net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Repurchase of shares
(17.5
)
 

 

 
(1,300
)
 

 

 
(1,300
)
 

 
(1,300
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
423.6

 
4

 
12,090

 
8,161

 
(4,145
)
 
(3
)
 
16,107

 
35

 
16,142

Net income

 

 

 
2,211

 

 

 
2,211

 
2

 
2,213

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax

 

 

 

 
(145
)
 

 
(145
)
 

 
(145
)
Cash dividends paid

 

 

 
(1,201
)
 

 

 
(1,201
)
 
(3
)
 
(1,204
)
Issuance of shares under equity-based compensation plans
2.2

 

 
110

 
(1
)
 

 
1

 
110

 

 
110

Acquisitions of businesses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
55

 
55

Acquisition of noncontrolling interest obtained through tender offer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(33
)
 
(33
)
Business divestiture

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(4
)
 
(4
)
Changes in noncontrolling interest of consolidated subsidiaries - net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Repurchase of shares
(12.5
)
 

 

 
(1,000
)
 

 

 
(1,000
)
 

 
(1,000
)
Balance at December 31, 2019
413.3

 
$
4

 
$
12,200

 
$
8,170

 
$
(4,290
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
16,082

 
$
51

 
$
16,133


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

26

Table of Contents

EATON CORPORATION plc
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Amounts are in millions unless indicated otherwise (per share data assume dilution).

Note 1.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
General Information and Basis of Presentation
Eaton Corporation plc (Eaton or the Company) is a power management company with 2019 net sales of $21.4 billion. Eaton’s mission is to improve the quality of life and the environment through the use of power management technologies and services. We provide sustainable solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power – more safely, more efficiently and more reliably. Eaton has approximately 101,000 employees in 60 countries and sells products to customers in more than 175 countries.
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. Preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Management has evaluated subsequent events through the date the consolidated financial statements were filed with the Securities Exchange Commission.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Eaton and all subsidiaries and other entities it controls. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The equity method of accounting is used for investments in associate companies where the Company has significant influence and generally a 20% to 50% ownership interest. Equity investments are evaluated for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the book value of the investment exceeds fair value. An impairment would exist if there is an other-than-temporary decline in value. Income from equity investments is reported in Other (income) expense - net. Eaton does not have off-balance sheet arrangements or financings with unconsolidated entities.
Eaton's functional currency is United States Dollars (USD). The functional currency for most subsidiaries is their local currency. Financial statements for these subsidiaries are translated at year-end exchange rates as to assets and liabilities and weighted-average exchange rates as to revenues and expenses. The resulting translation adjustments are recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Eaton adopted Accounting Standard Update 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and related amendments, in the first quarter of 2019 using the optional transition method and has not restated prior periods. The Company elected to use the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed the carry forward of historical lease classification of existing leases. The Company recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of less than $1 to retained earnings as of January 1, 2019. Additionally, the adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of lease assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of $435 and $446, respectively, as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact to the Consolidated Statements of Income or Cash Flows.
Eaton adopted Accounting Standard Update 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, in the first quarter 2019 using the modified retrospective approach for hedge instruments that existed at the date of adoption. ASU 2017-12 is intended to better align the Company's risk management activities with financial reporting for hedging relationships. The standard eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness, expands the ability to hedge specific risk components, and generally requires the change in value of the hedge instrument and hedged item to be presented in the same income statement line. The new disclosure requirements were applied on a prospective basis and comparative information has not been restated. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
Eaton adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, in the first quarter of 2020. This standard introduces new guidance for accounting for credit losses on receivables. The Company did not recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2020, as the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.




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Revenue Recognition
Sales are recognized when control of promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Control is transferred when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain benefits from the goods or services. The majority of the Company’s sales agreements contain performance obligations satisfied at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer. Sales recognized over time are generally accounted for using an input measure to determine progress completed at the end of the period. Sales for service contracts generally are recognized as the services are provided. For agreements with multiple performance obligations, judgment is required to determine whether performance obligations specified in these agreements are distinct and should be accounted for as separate revenue transactions for recognition purposes. In these types of agreements, we generally allocate sales price to each distinct obligation based on the price of each item sold in separate transactions.
Payment terms vary by the type and location of the customer and the products or services offered. Generally, the time between when revenue is recognized and payment is due is not significant. Eaton does not evaluate whether the selling price includes a financing interest component for contracts that are less than a year. Sales, value added, and other taxes collected concurrent with revenue are excluded from sales. Shipping and handling costs are treated as fulfillment costs and are included in Cost of products sold.
Eaton records reductions to sales for returns, and customer and distributor incentives, primarily comprised of rebates, at the time of the initial sale. Rebates are estimated based on sales terms, historical experience, trend analysis, and projected market conditions in the various markets served. The rebate programs offered vary across businesses due to the numerous markets Eaton serves, but the most common incentives relate to amounts paid or credited to customers for achieving defined volume levels. Returns are estimated at the time of the sale primarily based on historical experience and recorded gross on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 3 for additional information.
Goodwill and Indefinite Life Intangible Assets
Goodwill is evaluated annually for impairment as of July 1 using either a quantitative or qualitative analysis. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is equivalent to Eaton's operating segments and based on the net assets for each segment, including goodwill and intangible assets. Goodwill is assigned to each operating segment, as this represents the lowest level that constitutes a business and is the level at which management regularly reviews the operating results. The Company performs a quantitative analysis using a discounted cash flow model and other valuation techniques, but may elect to perform a qualitative analysis. Additionally, goodwill is evaluated for impairment whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an operating segment is less than its carrying amount.
The annual goodwill impairment test was performed using a qualitative analysis in 2019 and 2018, except for the Hydraulics segment which used a quantitative analysis in 2019. A qualitative analysis is performed by assessing certain trends and factors, including projected market outlook and growth rates, forecasted and actual sales and operating profit margins, discount rates, industry data, and other relevant qualitative factors. These trends and factors are compared to, and based on, the assumptions used in the most recent quantitative analysis performed for each reporting unit. The results of the qualitative analyses did not indicate a need to perform quantitative analysis.
Goodwill impairment testing was also performed using quantitative analyses in 2019 as a result of the Lighting business being classified as held for sale as discussed in Note 2, and in 2018 for the Electrical Products, Vehicle and eMobility segments due to a reorganization of the Company’s businesses resulting in the creation of the eMobility segment. The Company used the relative fair value method to reallocate goodwill.
Quantitative analyses were performed by estimating the fair value for each reporting unit using a discounted cash flow model, which considered forecasted cash flows discounted at an estimated weighted-average cost of capital. The forecasted cash flows were based on the Company's long-term operating plan and a terminal value was used to estimate the operating segment's cash flows beyond the period covered by the operating plan. The weighted-average cost of capital is an estimate of the overall after-tax rate of return required by equity and debt market holders of a business enterprise. These analyses require the exercise of judgments, including judgments about appropriate discount rates, perpetual growth rates, revenue growth, and margin assumptions of the respective reporting unit. Sensitivity analyses were performed around certain of these assumptions in order to assess the reasonableness of the assumptions and the resulting estimated fair values.
Based on these analyses performed in 2019 and 2018, the fair value of Eaton's reporting units continue to substantially exceed their respective carrying amounts and thus, no impairment exists.



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Indefinite life intangible assets consist of certain trademarks. They are evaluated annually for impairment as of July 1 using either a quantitative or qualitative analysis to determine whether their fair values exceed their respective carrying amounts. Indefinite life intangible asset impairment testing for 2019 and 2018 was performed using a quantitative analysis. The Company determines the fair value of these assets using a royalty relief methodology similar to that employed when the associated assets were acquired, but using updated estimates of future sales, cash flows and profitability. Additionally, indefinite life intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. For 2019 and 2018, the fair value of indefinite lived intangible assets exceeded the respective carrying value.
For additional information about goodwill and other intangible assets, see Note 4.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Lease assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. As most leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, Eaton uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The length of a lease term includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise those options. The Company made an accounting policy election to not recognize lease assets or liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less. Additionally, when accounting for leases, the Company combines payments for leased assets, related services and other components of a lease.
Other Long-Lived Assets
Depreciation and amortization for property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets subject to amortization, are generally computed by the straight-line method and included in Cost of products sold, Selling and administrative expense, and Research and development expense, as appropriate. Cost of buildings are depreciated generally over 40 years and machinery and equipment over 3 to 10 years. At December 31, 2019, the weighted-average amortization period for intangible assets subject to amortization was 18 years for patents and technology; 17 years for customer relationships; and 17 years for certain trademarks. Software is generally amortized up to a life of 15 years.
Other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Upon indications of impairment, assets and liabilities are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. The asset group would be considered impaired when the estimated future net undiscounted cash flows generated by the asset group are less than its carrying value. Determining asset groups and underlying cash flows requires the use of significant judgment.
Retirement Benefits Plans
For the principal pension plans in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and the United Kingdom, the Company uses a market-related value of plan assets to calculate the expected return on assets used to determine net periodic benefit costs. The market-related value of plan assets is a calculated value that recognizes changes in the fair value of plan assets over a five year period. All other plans use fair value of plan assets.
Net actuarial gains or losses are amortized to expense on a plan-by-plan basis when they exceed the accounting corridor. The Company’s corridors are set at either 8% or 10%, depending on the plan, of the greater of the plan assets or benefit obligations. Gains or losses outside of the corridor are subject to amortization over an average employee future service period that differs by plan, but is approximately 10 years on a weighted average basis. If most or all of the plan’s participants are no longer actively accruing benefits, the average life expectancy is used.
Asset Retirement Obligations
A conditional asset retirement obligation is recognized at fair value when incurred if the fair value of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Uncertainty about the timing or method of settlement of a conditional asset retirement obligation would be considered in the measurement of the liability when sufficient information exists. Eaton believes that for substantially all of its asset retirement obligations, there is an indeterminate settlement date because the range of time over which the Company may settle the obligation is unknown or cannot be estimated. A liability for these obligations will be recognized when sufficient information is available to estimate fair value.

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Income Taxes
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of the respective assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year when the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred income tax assets are recognized for income tax loss carryforwards and income tax credit carryforwards. Judgment is required in determining and evaluating income tax provisions and valuation allowances for deferred income tax assets. Eaton recognizes an income tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Eaton evaluates and adjusts these accruals based on changing facts and circumstances. Eaton recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits in the provision for income tax expense. Eaton's policy is to release income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income when individual units of account are sold, terminated, or extinguished. For additional information about income taxes, see Note 9.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
Eaton uses derivative financial instruments to manage the exposure to the volatility in raw material costs, currency, and interest rates on certain debt. These instruments are marked to fair value in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of derivative assets or liabilities (i.e., gains or losses) are recognized depending upon the type of hedging relationship and whether an instrument has been designated as a hedge. For those instruments that qualify for hedge accounting, Eaton designates the hedging instrument, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a cash flow hedge, a fair value hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. Changes in fair value of these instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognized immediately in net income. See Note 13 for additional information about hedges and derivative financial instruments.

Note 2.
ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES OF BUSINESSES
Sale of heavy-duty and medium-duty commercial vehicle automated transmission business
On July 31, 2017, Eaton sold a 50% interest in its heavy-duty and medium-duty commercial vehicle automated transmission business for $600 in cash to Cummins, Inc. The new joint venture is named Eaton Cummins Automated Transmission Technologies (ECATT). In 2017, the Company recognized a pre-tax gain of $1,077, of which $533 related to the pre-tax gain from the $600 proceeds from the sale and $544 related to the Company’s remaining 50% investment in the joint venture being remeasured to fair value. The after-tax gain was $843. The fair value is based on the price paid to Eaton for the 50% interest sold to Cummins, Inc. and further supported by a discounted cash flow model. Eaton accounts for its investment on the equity method of accounting.
Acquisition of controlling interest of Ulusoy Elektrik Imalat Taahhut ve Ticaret A.S.
On April 15, 2019, Eaton completed the acquisition of an 82.275% controlling interest in Ulusoy Elektrik Imalat Taahhut ve Ticaret A.S. (Ulusoy Elektrik), a leading manufacturer of electrical switchgear based in Ankara, Turkey, with a primary focus on medium voltage solutions for industrial and utility customers. Its sales for the 12 months ended September 30, 2018 were $126. The purchase price for the shares was $214 on a cash and debt free basis. As required by the Turkish capital markets legislation, Eaton filed an application to execute a mandatory tender offer for the remaining shares shortly after the transaction closed. During the tender offer, Eaton purchased additional shares for $33 through July 2019 to increase its ownership interest to 93.7%. Ulusoy Elektrik is reported within the Electrical Systems and Services business segment.
Acquisition of Innovative Switchgear Solutions, Inc.
On July 19, 2019, Eaton acquired Innovative Switchgear Solutions, Inc. (ISG), a specialty manufacturer of medium-voltage electrical equipment serving the North American utility, commercial and industrial markets. Its 2018 sales were approximately $18. ISG is reported within the Electrical Systems and Services business segment.
Acquisition of Souriau-Sunbank Connection Technologies
On December 20, 2019, Eaton acquired the Souriau-Sunbank Connection Technologies (Souriau-Sunbank) business of TransDigm Group Inc. for a cash purchase price of $903, net of cash received. Headquartered in Versailles, France, Souriau-Sunbank is a global leader in highly engineered electrical interconnect solutions for harsh environments in the aerospace, defense, industrial, energy, and transport markets. Its sales for the 12 months ended June 30, 2019 were $363. Souriau-Sunbank is reported within the Aerospace business segment.

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The acquisition of Souriau-Sunbank has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting which requires the assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their respective fair values on the acquisition date. The table below summarizes the preliminary estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date. These preliminary estimates will be revised during the measurement period as third-party valuations are received and finalized, further information becomes available and additional analyses are performed, and these differences could have a material impact on Eaton's preliminary purchase price allocation.
 
 
December 20, 2019
Accounts Receivables
 
$
60

Inventory
 
121

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
5

Property, plant and equipment
 
101

Other intangible assets
 
385

Other assets
 
8

Accounts payable
 
(34
)
Other current liabilities
 
(51
)
Other noncurrent liabilities
 
(130
)
Total identifiable net assets
 
465

Noncontrolling interests
 
(4
)
Goodwill
 
442

Total consideration, net of cash received
 
$
903


Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the anticipated synergies of acquiring Souriau-Sunbank. Goodwill recognized as a result of the acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes. Other intangible assets of $385 are expected to include customer relationships, trademarks and technology. Given the timing of the acquisition, Eaton utilized a benchmarking approach based on similar acquisitions to determine the preliminary fair values for intangible assets. See Note 4 for additional information about goodwill and other intangible assets.
The Company incurred $2 of acquisition related transaction costs in 2019 for Souriau-Sunbank that were included in Selling and administrative expense.
Eaton’s Consolidated Financial Statements include Souriau-Sunbank’s results of operations, including sales of $3, from the date of the acquisition through December 31, 2019.
Sale of Automotive Fluid Conveyance business
On December 31, 2019, Eaton sold its Automotive Fluid Conveyance Business. The transaction resulted in a pre-tax loss of $66 which was recorded in Other expense (income) - net. This business was reported within the Vehicle business segment.
Pending Sale of Lighting business
On October 15, 2019, Eaton entered into an agreement to sell its Lighting business to Signify N.V. for a cash purchase price of $1.4 billion. The Lighting business, which had sales of $1.6 billion in 2019 as part of the Electrical Products business segment, serves customers in commercial, industrial, residential and municipal markets. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company determined the Lighting business met the criteria to be classified as held for sale. Therefore, its assets and liabilities have been presented as held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2019. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. There was no write-down as fair value of the Lighting business assets less costs to sell exceeded carrying value. Depreciation and amortization expense is not recorded for the period in which Other long-lived assets are classified as held for sale.
The Company used the relative fair value method to allocate goodwill to the Lighting business. The fair values of the Electrical Products business segment and Lighting business were estimated based on a combination of the price paid to Eaton by Signify N.V. and a discounted cash flow model. The model includes estimates of future cash flows, future growth rates, terminal value amounts, and the applicable weighted-average cost of capital used to discount those estimated cash flows. The weighted-average cost of capital is an estimate of the overall after-tax rate of return required by equity and debt market holders of a business enterprise. These analyses require the exercise of judgments, including judgments about appropriate discount rates, perpetual growth rates, revenue growth, and margin assumptions.

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The assets and liabilities of the Lighting business classified as held for sale at December 31, 2019 are as follows:
Accounts receivable - net
 
$
220

Inventory
 
161

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
10

Net property, plant and equipment
 
155

Goodwill
 
470

Other intangible assets
 
330

Operating lease assets
 
25

Other noncurrent assets
 
6

Assets held for sale - current
 
$
1,377

 
 
 
Accounts payable
 
$
184

Accrued compensation
 
7

Other current liabilities
 
102

Pension liabilities
 
3

Operating lease liabilities
 
17

Deferred income taxes
 
(1
)
Other noncurrent liabilities
 
13

Liabilities held for sale - current
 
$
325


The Lighting business did not meet the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations as the sale does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company's operations. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals and is expected to close in the first quarter of 2020.
Pending Sale of Hydraulics business
On January 21, 2020, Eaton entered into an agreement to sell its Hydraulics business to Danfoss A/S, a Danish industrial company, for $3.3 billion in cash. Eaton’s Hydraulics business, which accounted for 86% of Eaton’s Hydraulics segment revenue in 2019, is a global leader in hydraulics components, systems, and services for industrial and mobile equipment. The business had sales of $2.2 billion in 2019. Eaton is retaining the Filtration and Golf Grip businesses currently reported in the company’s Hydraulics segment. Eaton expects the Hydraulics business to be classified as held for sale during the first quarter of 2020. The Hydraulics business did not meet the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations as the sale does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company's operations. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals and is expected to close by the end of 2020.
Acquisition of Power Distribution, Inc.
On February 25, 2020, Eaton completed the acquisition of Power Distribution, Inc. a leading supplier of mission critical power distribution, static switching, and power monitoring equipment and services for data centers and industrial and commercial customers. The company is headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, and had 2019 sales of $125. Power Distribution, Inc. will be reported within the Electrical Systems and Services business segment.

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Note 3.    REVENUE RECOGNITION
Sales are recognized when obligations under the terms of the contract are satisfied and control of promised goods or services have transferred to our customers. Sales are measured at the amount of consideration the Company expects to be paid in exchange for these products or services.
The majority of the Company’s sales agreements contain performance obligations satisfied at a point in time when title and risk and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer. Sales recognized over time are less than 5% of Eaton’s Consolidated Net Sales. Sales recognized over time are generally accounted for using an input measure to determine progress completed at the end of the period. Sales for service contracts generally are recognized as the services are provided. For agreements with multiple performance obligations, judgment is required to determine whether performance obligations specified in these agreements are distinct and should be accounted for as separate revenue transactions for recognition purposes. In these types of agreements, we generally allocate sales price to each distinct obligation based on the price of each item sold in separate transactions.
Due to the nature of the work required to be performed for obligations recognized over time, Eaton estimates total costs by contract. The estimate of total costs are subject to judgment. Estimated amounts are included in the recognized sales price to the extent it is not probable that a significant reversal of cumulative sales will occur. Additionally, contracts can be modified to account for changes in contract specifications, requirements or sale price. The effect of a contract modification on the sales price or adjustments to the measure of completion under the input method are recognized as adjustments to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis.
Payment terms vary by the type and location of the customer and the products or services offered. Generally, the time between when revenue is recognized and when payment is due is not significant. Eaton does not evaluate whether the selling price includes a financing interest component for contracts that are less than a year. Sales, value added, and other taxes collected concurrent with revenue are excluded from sales. Shipping and handling costs are treated as fulfillment costs and are included in Cost of products sold.
Eaton records reductions to sales for returns, and customer and distributor incentives, primarily comprised of rebates, at the time of the initial sale. Rebates are estimated based on sales terms, historical experience, trend analysis, and projected market conditions in the various markets served. The rebate programs offered vary across businesses due to the numerous markets Eaton serves, but the most common incentives relate to amounts paid or credited to customers for achieving defined volume levels. Returns are estimated at the time of the sale primarily based on historical experience and are recorded gross on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Sales commissions are expensed when the amortization period is less than a year and are generally not capitalized as they are typically earned at the completion of the contract when the customer is invoiced or when the customer pays Eaton.
Sales of products and services varies by segment and are discussed in Note 15.
In the Electrical Products segment, sales contracts are primarily for electrical components, industrial components, residential products, single phase power quality, emergency lighting, fire detection, wiring devices, structural support systems, circuit protection, and lighting products. These sales contracts are primarily based on a customer’s purchase order followed by our order acknowledgement, and may also include a master supply or distributor agreement. In this segment, performance obligations are generally satisfied at a point in time either when we ship the product from our facility, or when it arrives at the customer’s facility.
In the Electrical Systems and Services segment, sales contracts are primarily for power distribution and assemblies, three phase power quality, hazardous duty electrical equipment, intrinsically safe explosion-proof instrumentation, utility power distribution, power reliability equipment, and services. The majority of the sales contracts in this segment contain performance obligations satisfied at a point in time either when we ship the product from our facility, or when it arrives at the customer’s facility; however, certain power distribution and power quality services are recognized over time.
Many of the products and services in power distribution and power quality services meet the definition of continuous transfer of control to customers and are recognized over time. These products are engineered to a customer’s design specifications, have no alternative use to Eaton, and are controlled by the customer as evidenced by the customer’s contractual ownership of the work in process or our right to payment for work performed to date plus a reasonable margin. As control is transferring over time, sales are recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the obligation. Eaton generally uses an input method to determine the progress completed and sales are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Incurred cost represent work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer.

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In the Hydraulics segment, sales contracts are primarily for hydraulic components and systems for industrial and mobile equipment. These sales contracts are primarily based on a customer’s purchase order. In this segment, performance obligations are generally satisfied at a point in time when we ship the product from our facility.
In the Aerospace segment, sales contracts are primarily for aerospace fuel, hydraulics, and pneumatic systems for commercial and military use. These sales contracts are primarily based on a customer’s purchase order, and frequently covered by terms and conditions included in a long-term agreement. In this segment, performance obligations are generally satisfied at a point in time either when we ship the product from our facility, or when it arrives at the customer’s facility. Our military contracts are primarily fixed-price contracts that are not subject to performance-based payments or progress payments from the customer.
In the Vehicle segment, sales contracts are primarily for drivetrains, powertrain systems and critical components that reduce emissions and improve fuel economy, stability, performance, and safety of cars, light trucks and commercial vehicles. These sales contracts are primarily based on a customer’s purchase order or a blanket purchase order subject to firm releases, frequently covered by terms and conditions included in a master supply agreement. In this segment, performance obligations are generally satisfied at a point in time either when we ship the product from our facility, or when it arrives at the customer’s facility.
In the eMobility segment, sales contracts are primarily for electronic and mechanical components and systems that improves the power management and performance of both on-road and off-road vehicles. These sales contracts are primarily based on a customer’s purchase order. In this segment, performance obligations are generally satisfied at a point in time either when we ship the product from our facility, or when it arrives at the customer’s facility.
In limited circumstances, primarily in the Electrical and Vehicle segments, Eaton sells separately-priced warranties that extend the warranty coverage beyond the standard coverage offered on specific products. Sales for these separately-priced warranties are recorded based on their stand-alone selling price and are recognized as revenue over the length of the warranty period.
The Company’s six operating segments and the following tables disaggregate sales by lines of businesses, geographic destination, market channel or end market.
 
2019
Net sales
United States
 
Rest of World
 
Total
Electrical Products
$
4,269

 
$
2,879

 
$
7,148

Electrical Systems and Services
4,148

 
2,139

 
6,287

Hydraulics
1,112

 
1,440

 
2,552

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Original Equipment Manufacturers
 
Aftermarket, Distribution and End User
 
 
Aerospace
$
1,167

 
$
877

 
2,044

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 Passenger and Light Duty
 
 
Vehicle
$
1,538

 
$
1,500

 
3,038

 
 
 
 
 
 
eMobility
 
 
 
 
321

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
$
21,390


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2018
Net sales
United States
 
Rest of World
 
Total
Electrical Products
$
4,112

 
$
3,012

 
$
7,124

Electrical Systems and Services
3,936

 
2,088

 
6,024

Hydraulics
1,190

 
1,566

 
2,756

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Original Equipment Manufacturers
 
Aftermarket, Distribution and End User
 
 
Aerospace
$
1,085

 
$
811

 
1,896

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
 Passenger and Light Duty
 
 
Vehicle
$
1,759

 
$
1,730

 
3,489

 
 
 
 
 
 
eMobility
 
 
 
 
320

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
$
21,609


The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (revenue recognized exceeds amount billed to the customer), and deferred revenue (advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized). Accounts receivables from customers were $3,090 and $3,402 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of contractual milestones. These assets and liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Unbilled receivables were $101 and $94 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and are recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets. The increase in unbilled receivables was primarily due to revenue recognized and not yet billed, partially offset by billings to customers during 2019.
Changes in the deferred revenue liabilities are as follows:
 
Deferred Revenue
Balance at January 1, 2018
$
227

Customer deposits and billings
967

Revenue recognized in the period
(939
)
Translation
(7
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
248

Customer deposits and billings
982

Revenue recognized in the period
(993
)
Translation
3

Deferred revenue reclassified to held for sale
(6
)
Balance at December 31, 2019
$
234


A significant portion of open orders placed with Eaton are by original equipment manufacturers or distributors. These open orders are not considered firm as they have been historically subject to releases by customers. In measuring backlog of unsatisfied or partially satisfied obligations, only the amount of orders to which customers are firmly committed are included. Using this criterion, total backlog at December 31, 2019 was approximately $5.4 billion. At December 31, 2019, Eaton expects to recognize approximately 87% of this backlog in the next twelve months and the rest thereafter.


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Note 4.
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment follow:
 
January 1, 2018
 
Translation
 
December 31, 2018
 
Additions
 
Goodwill reclassified to held for sale
 
Translation
 
December 31, 2019
Electrical Products
$
6,678

 
$
(116
)
 
$
6,562

 
$

 
$
(470
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
6,090

Electrical Systems and Services
4,311

 
(70
)
 
4,241

 
163

 

 
6

 
4,410

Hydraulics
1,257

 
(45
)
 
1,212

 

 

 
(13
)
 
1,199

Aerospace
947

 
(6
)
 
941

 
442

 

 
3

 
1,386

Vehicle
294

 
(2
)
 
292

 

 

 
(1
)
 
291

eMobility
81

 
(1
)
 
80

 

 

 

 
80

Total
$
13,568

 
$
(240
)
 
$
13,328

 
$
605

 
$
(470
)
 
$
(7
)
 
$
13,456


The 2019 additions to goodwill relate to the anticipated synergies of acquiring Souriau-Sunbank, Ulusoy Elektrik and ISG. The allocations of the purchase price from these acquisitions are preliminary and will be completed during the measurement period.
A summary of other intangible assets follows:
 
2019
 
2018
 
Historical
cost
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Historical
cost
 
Accumulated
amortization
Intangible assets not subject to amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trademarks
$
1,516

 
 
 
$
1,626

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intangible assets subject to amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer relationships
$
3,260

 
$
1,634

 
$
3,463

 
$
1,600

Patents and technology
1,542

 
704

 
1,329

 
646

Trademarks
1,057

 
457

 
1,032

 
419

Other
92

 
34

 
92

 
31

Total intangible assets subject to amortization
$
5,951

 
$
2,829

 
$
5,916

 
$
2,696


Amortization expense related to intangible assets subject to amortization in 2019, and estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years, follows:
2019
$
354

2020
351

2021
341

2022
332

2023
286

2024
275




36

Table of Contents

Note 5.
LEASES
Eaton leases certain manufacturing facilities, warehouses, distribution centers, office space, vehicles and equipment. Most real estate leases contain renewal options. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company's sole discretion. The Company's lease agreements typically do not contain any significant guarantees of asset values at the end of a lease or restrictive covenants. Payments within certain lease agreements are adjusted periodically for changes in an index or rate.
The components of lease expense follows:
 
2019
Operating lease cost
$
166

Finance lease cost:


Amortization of lease assets
5

Interest on lease liabilities
1

Short-term lease cost
46

Variable lease cost
22

Sublease income
(3
)
Total lease cost
$
237


The net gain recorded on sale leaseback transactions for the year ended December 31, 2019 were $16.
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases follows:
 
2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
 
Operating cash outflows - payments on operating leases
$
(168
)
Operating cash outflows - interest payments on finance leases
(1
)
Financing cash outflows - payments on finance lease obligations
(6
)
 
 
Lease assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations, including leases acquired:
 
Operating leases
$
114

Finance leases
24



37

Table of Contents

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases follows:
 
December 31, 2019
Operating Leases
 
Operating lease assets
$
436

 
 
Other current liabilities
121

Operating lease liabilities
331

Total operating lease liabilities
$
452

 
 
Finance Leases
 
Land and buildings
$
24

Machinery and equipment
18

Accumulated depreciation
(16
)
Net property, plant and equipment
$
26

 
 
Current portion of long-term debt
$
6

Long-term debt
21

Total finance lease liabilities
$
27

 
 
Weighted-average remaining lease term
 
Operating leases
5.1 years

Finance leases
6.8 years

 
 
Weighted-average discount rate
 
Operating leases
3.7
%
Finance leases
7.6
%

Maturities of lease liabilities at December 31, 2019 follows:
 
Operating Leases
 
Finance Leases
2020
$
142

 
$
8

2021
113

 
8

2022
82

 
6

2023
56

 
4

2024
37

 
2

Thereafter
82

 
9

Total lease payments
512

 
37

Less imputed interest
60

 
10

Total present value of lease liabilities
$
452

 
$
27



38

Table of Contents

A summary of minimum rental commitments at December 31, 2018 under noncancelable operating leases, which expire at various dates and in most cases contain renewal options, for each of the next five years and thereafter in the aggregate, follow:
 
Operating Leases
2019
$
165

2020
133

2021
106

2022
75

2023
53

Thereafter
110

Total lease commitments
$
642



A summary of rental expense follows:
2018
$
232

2017
222



Note 6.
DEBT
A summary of long-term debt, including the current portion, follows:
 
2019
 
2018
6.95% notes due 2019 ($300 converted to floating rate by interest rate swap)
$

 
$
300

3.875% debentures due 2020 ($150 converted to floating rate by interest rate swap)
239

 
239

3.47% notes due 2021 ($275 converted to floating rate by interest rate swap)
300

 
300

0.02% Euro notes due 2021
674

 

8.10% debentures due 2022 ($100 converted to floating rate by interest rate swap)
100

 
100

2.75% senior notes due 2022 ($1,400 converted to floating rate by interest rate swap)
1,600

 
1,600

3.68% notes due 2023 ($200 converted to floating rate by interest rate swap)
300

 
300

0.75% Euro notes due 2024
617

 
629

6.50% debentures due 2025
145

 
145

0.70% Euro notes due 2025
562

 

3.10% senior notes due 2027
700

 
700

7.65% debentures due 2029 ($50 converted to floating rate by interest rate swap)
200

 
200

4.00% senior notes due 2032
700

 
700

5.45% debentures due 2034 ($25 converted to floating rate by interest rate swap)
137

 
136

5.80% notes due 2037
240

 
240

4.15% senior notes due 2042
1,000

 
1,000

3.92% senior notes due 2047
300

 
300

5.25% to 7.875% notes (maturities ranging from 2024 to 2035, including $25 converted to floating rate by interest rate swap)
165

 
203

Other
88

 
15

Total long-term debt
8,067

 
7,107

Less current portion of long-term debt
(248
)
 
(339
)
Long-term debt less current portion
$
7,819

 
$
6,768



Substantially all these long-term debt instruments are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsubordinated, unsecured basis by Eaton and certain of its direct and indirect subsidiaries (the Senior Notes). Further, as of December 31, 2019 all of these long-term debt instruments, except the 3.875% debentures due 2020, the 3.47% notes due 2021, the 0.02% Euro notes due 2021, the 3.68% notes due 2023, the 0.75% Euro notes due 2024, and the 0.70% Euro notes due 2025, are registered by Eaton Corporation under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Registered Senior Notes).

39

Table of Contents

The Company maintains long-term revolving credit facilities totaling $2,000, consisting of a $750 five-year revolving credit facility that will expire November 17, 2022, a $500 four-year revolving credit facility that will expire November 7, 2023, and a $750 five-year revolving credit facility that will expire November 7, 2024. The revolving credit facilities are used to support commercial paper borrowings and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Eaton and certain of its direct and indirect subsidiaries on an unsubordinated, unsecured basis. There were no borrowings outstanding under Eaton's revolving credit facilities at December 31, 2019 or 2018. The Company had available lines of credit of $1,027 from various banks primarily for the issuance of letters of credit, of which there was $263 of letters of credit issued thereunder at December 31, 2019. Borrowings outside the United States are generally denominated in local currencies.
At December 31, 2019, short-term debt of $255 was comprised entirely of short-term commercial paper in the United States, which had a weighted average interest rate of 1.85%.
On May 14, 2019, a subsidiary of Eaton issued Euro denominated notes (2019 Euro Notes) with a face value of 1,100 ($1,232 based on the May 14, 2019 spot rate), in accordance with Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2019 Euro Notes are comprised of two tranches of 600 and 500, which mature in 2021 and 2025, respectively, with interest payable annually at a respective rate of 0.02% and 0.70%. The issuer received proceeds totaling 1,097 ($1,229 based on the May 14, 2019 spot rate) from the issuance, net of financing costs and discounts. The senior 2019 Euro Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsubordinated, unsecured basis by Eaton and certain of its direct and indirect subsidiaries. The 2019 Euro Notes contain customary optional redemption and par call provisions. The 2019 Euro Notes also contain a change of control provision which requires the Company to make an offer to purchase all or any part of the 2019 Euro Notes at a purchase price of 101% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. The capitalized deferred financing fees are amortized in Interest expense-net over the respective terms of the 2019 Euro Notes. The 2019 Euro Notes are subject to customary non-financial covenants.
Eaton is in compliance with each of its debt covenants for all periods presented.
Maturities of long-term debt for each of the next five years follow:
2020
$
248

2021
981

2022
1,704

2023
303

2024
685


Interest paid on debt follows:
2019
$
279

2018
313

2017
293




40

Table of Contents

Note 7.
RETIREMENT BENEFITS PLANS
Eaton has defined benefits pension plans and other postretirement benefits plans.
Obligations and Funded Status
 
United States
pension liabilities
 
Non-United States
pension liabilities
 
Other postretirement
liabilities
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Funded status
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets
$
3,433

 
$
3,068

 
$
1,903

 
$
1,560

 
$
23

 
$
37

Benefit obligations
(4,028
)
 
(3,633
)
 
(2,747
)
 
(2,285
)
 
(378
)
 
(378
)
Funded status
$
(595
)
 
$
(565
)
 
$
(844
)
 
$
(725
)
 
$
(355
)
 
$
(341
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated
   Balance Sheets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current assets
$

 
$

 
$
73

 
$
58

 
$

 
$

Current liabilities
(23
)
 
(20
)
 
(27
)
 
(24
)
 
(27
)
 
(20
)
Non-current liabilities
(572
)
 
(545
)
 
(890
)
 
(759
)
 
(328
)
 
(321
)
Total
$
(595
)
 
$
(565
)
 
$
(844
)
 
$
(725
)
 
$
(355
)
 
$
(341
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts recognized in Accumulated other
   comprehensive loss (pre-tax)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial (gain) loss
$
1,096

 
$
1,153

 
$
879

 
$
683

 
$
(8
)
 
$
(20
)
Prior service cost (credit)
7

 
7

 
25

 
27

 
(17
)
 
(32
)
Total
$
1,103

 
$
1,160

 
$
904

 
$
710

 
$
(25
)
 
$
(52
)

Change in Benefit Obligations
 
United States
pension liabilities
 
Non-United States
pension liabilities
 
Other postretirement
liabilities
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Balance at January 1
$
3,633

 
$
3,961

 
$
2,285

 
$
2,399

 
$
378

 
$
448

Service cost
91

 
100

 
58

 
63

 
2

 
2

Interest cost
138

 
122

 
57

 
52

 
14

 
13

Actuarial (gain) loss
435

 
(272
)
 
315

 
(16
)
 
14

 
(39
)
Gross benefits paid
(270
)
 
(282
)
 
(102
)
 
(112
)
 
(60
)
 
(67
)
Currency translation

 

 
47

 
(124
)
 
2

 
(4
)
Plan amendments
1


4




21


1



Acquisitions and divestitures

 

 
(4
)
 

 

 

Benefit obligation reclassified to held for sale

 

 
(4
)
 

 

 

Other

 

 
95

 
2

 
27

 
25

Balance at December 31
$
4,028

 
$
3,633

 
$
2,747

 
$
2,285

 
$
378

 
$
378

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated benefit obligation
$
3,883

 
$
3,506

 
$
2,592

 
$
2,175

 
 
 
 


41

Table of Contents

Change in Plan Assets
 
United States
pension liabilities
 
Non-United States
pension liabilities
 
Other postretirement
liabilities
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Balance at January 1
$
3,068

 
$
3,585

 
$
1,560

 
$
1,727

 
$
37

 
$
55

Actual return on plan assets
618

 
(252
)
 
230

 
(72
)
 
5

 

Employer contributions
17

 
17

 
102

 
109

 
15

 
25

Gross benefits paid
(270
)
 
(282
)
 
(102
)
 
(112
)
 
(60
)
 
(67
)
Currency translation

 

 
58

 
(93
)
 

 

Other

 

 
55

 
1

 
26

 
24

Balance at December 31
$
3,433

 
$
3,068

 
$
1,903

 
$
1,560

 
$
23

 
$
37


The components of pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets at December 31 follow:
 
United States
pension liabilities
 
Non-United States
pension liabilities
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Projected benefit obligation
$
4,028

 
$
3,633

 
$
1,107

 
$
905

Accumulated benefit obligation
3,883

 
3,506

 
1,028

 
853

Fair value of plan assets
3,433

 
3,068

 
242

 
158


Changes in pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss follow:
 
United States
pension liabilities
 
Non-United States
pension liabilities
 
Other postretirement
liabilities
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Balance at January 1
$
1,160

 
$
1,063

 
$
710

 
$
604

 
$
(52
)
 
$
(27
)
Prior service cost arising during the year
1

 
4

 

 
21

 
1

 

Net loss (gain) arising during the year
52

 
233

 
231

 
161

 
11

 
(36
)
Currency translation

 

 
15

 
(35
)
 
1

 
(2
)
Less amounts included in expense during the year
(110
)
 
(140
)
 
(52
)
 
(41
)
 
14

 
13

Net change for the year
(57
)
 
97

 
194

 
106

 
27

 
(25
)
Balance at December 31
$
1,103

 
$
1,160

 
$
904

 
$
710

 
$
(25
)
 
$
(52
)

Benefits Expense
 
United States
pension benefit expense
 
Non-United States
pension benefit expense
 
Other postretirement
benefits expense
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Service cost
$
91

 
$
100

 
$
96

 
$
58

 
$
63

 
$
71

 
$
2

 
$
2

 
$
3

Interest cost
138

 
122

 
123

 
57

 
52

 
55

 
14

 
13

 
14

Expected return on plan assets
(235
)
 
(253
)
 
(244
)
 
(106
)
 
(105
)
 
(94
)
 
(2
)
 
(3
)
 
(4
)
Amortization
62

 
94

 
83

 
38

 
39

 
51

 
(14
)
 
(13
)
 
(13
)
 
56

 
63

 
58

 
47

 
49

 
83

 

 
(1
)
 

Settlements, curtailments and special termination benefits
48

 
46

 
62

 
14

 
2

 
5

 

 

 

Total expense
$
104

 
$
109

 
$
120

 
$
61

 
$
51

 
$
88

 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$





42

Table of Contents

Total pension benefits expense of $165 includes $8 of settlement expense related to the sale of the Automotive Fluid Conveyance Business discussed in Note 2. The components of retirement benefits expense other than service costs are included in Other expense (income) - net.
The estimated pre-tax net amounts that will be recognized from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost in 2020 follow:
 
United States
pension liabilities
 
Non-United States
pension liabilities
 
Other postretirement
liabilities
Actuarial loss
$
144

 
$
59

 
$
1

Prior service cost (credit)
1

 
3

 
(14
)
Total
$
145

 
$
62

 
$
(13
)

Retirement Benefits Plans Assumptions
For purposes of determining liabilities related to pension plans and other postretirement benefits plans in the United States, in 2017 the Company used 2014 mortality tables and a generational improvement scale that is based on MP-2017. In 2018 and 2019, for the majority of its plans in the United States, the Company used mortality tables that are based on the Company's own experience and generational improvement scales that are based on MP-2018 and MP-2019, respectively.
To estimate the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost for the vast majority of its defined benefits pension and other postretirement benefits plans, the Company used a spot rate approach by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used to measure the benefit obligation at the beginning of the period to the relevant projected cash flows.
Pension Plans
 
United States
pension plans
 
Non-United States
pension plans
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligation at year-end
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
3.22
%
 
4.28
%
 
3.64
%
 
2.02
%
 
2.83
%
 
2.62
%
Rate of compensation increase
3.14
%
 
3.14
%
 
3.15
%
 
3.05
%
 
3.10
%
 
3.11
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assumptions used to determine expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate used to determine benefit obligation
4.28
%
 
3.64
%
 
4.12
%
 
2.83
%
 
2.62
%
 
2.63
%
Discount rate used to determine service cost
4.39
%
 
3.78
%
 
4.31
%
 
4.02
%
 
3.54
%
 
3.38
%
Discount rate used to determine interest cost
3.94
%
 
3.19
%
 
3.40
%
 
2.56
%
 
2.31
%
 
2.34
%
Expected long-term return on plan assets
7.25
%
 
7.52
%
 
7.90
%
 
6.42
%
 
6.40
%
 
6.30
%
Rate of compensation increase
3.14
%
 
3.15
%
 
3.15
%
 
3.10
%
 
3.11
%
 
3.13
%

The expected long-term rate of return on pension assets was determined for each country and reflects long-term historical data taking into account each plan's target asset allocation. The expected long-term rates of return on pension assets for United States pension plans and Non-United States pension plans for 2020 are 7.25% and 5.84%, respectively. The discount rates were determined using appropriate bond data for each country.

43

Table of Contents

Other Postretirement Benefits Plans
Substantially all of the obligation for other postretirement benefits plans relates to United States plans. Assumptions used to determine other postretirement benefits obligations and expense follow:
 
Other postretirement
benefits plans
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligation at year-end
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
3.13
%
 
4.23
%
 
3.55
%
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year
6.95
%
 
7.10
%
 
8.25
%
Ultimate health care cost trend rate
4.75
%
 
4.75
%
 
4.75
%
Year ultimate health care cost trend rate is achieved
2029

 
2028

 
2027

 
 
 
 
 
 
Assumptions used to determine expense
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate used to determine benefit obligation
4.23
%
 
3.55
%
 
3.96
%
Discount rate used to determine service cost
4.29
%
 
3.62
%
 
4.11
%
Discount rate used to determine interest cost
3.85
%
 
3.04
%
 
3.18
%
Initial health care cost trend rate
7.10
%
 
8.25
%
 
7.35
%
Ultimate health care cost trend rate
4.75
%
 
4.75
%
 
4.75
%
Year ultimate health care cost trend rate is achieved
2028

 
2027

 
2026


Assumed health care cost trend rates may have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plans. A 1-percentage point change in the assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:
 
1% increase
 
1% decrease
Effect on total service and interest cost
$
1

 
$

Effect on other postretirement liabilities
10

 
(8
)

Employer Contributions to Retirement Benefits Plans
Contributions to pension plans that Eaton expects to make in 2020, and made in 2019, 2018 and 2017, follow:
 
2020
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
United States plans
$
24

 
$
17

 
$
17

 
$
374

Non-United States plans
104

 
102

 
109

 
99

Total contributions
$
128

 
$
119

 
$
126

 
$
473


The following table provides the estimated pension and other postretirement benefit payments for each of the next five years, and the five years thereafter in the aggregate. For other postretirement benefits liabilities, the expected subsidy receipts related to the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 would reduce the gross payments listed below.
 
Estimated
United States
pension payments
 
Estimated
non-United States
pension payments
 
Estimated other postretirement
benefit payments
 
 
 
Gross
 
Medicare prescription
drug subsidy
2020
$
316

 
$
96

 
$
36

 
$
(1
)
2021
313

 
96

 
31

 
(1
)
2022
307

 
100

 
31

 

2023
306

 
103

 
28

 

2024
299

 
106

 
26

 

2025 - 2029
1,436

 
594

 
112

 
(1
)


44

Table of Contents

Pension Plan Assets
Investment policies and strategies are developed on a country specific basis. The United States plans, representing 64% of worldwide pension assets, and the United Kingdom plans representing 28% of worldwide pension assets, are invested primarily for growth, as the majority of the assets are in plans with active participants and ongoing accruals. In general, the plans have their primary allocation to diversified global equities, primarily through index funds in the form of common collective and other trusts. The United States plans' target allocation is 25% United States equities, 25% non-United States equities, 8% real estate (primarily equity of real estate investment trusts), 37% debt securities and 5% other, including private equity and cash equivalents. The United Kingdom plans' target asset allocations are 60% equities and the remainder in debt securities, cash equivalents and real estate investments. The equity risk for the plans is managed through broad geographic diversification and diversification across industries and levels of market capitalization. The majority of debt allocations for these plans are longer duration government and corporate debt. The United States, United Kingdom and Canada pension plans are authorized to use derivatives to achieve more economically desired market exposures and to use futures, swaps and options to gain or hedge exposures.
Fair Value Measurements
Financial instruments included in pension and other postretirement benefits plan assets are categorized into a fair value hierarchy of three levels, based on the degree of subjectivity inherent in the valuation methodology as follows:
Level 1 -
Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets in active markets.
Level 2 -
Quoted prices for similar assets in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3 -
Unobservable prices or inputs.
Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy and are being presented in the tables to permit a reconciliation to total plan assets.

45

Table of Contents


Pension Plans
A summary of the fair value of pension plan assets at December 31, 2019 and 2018, follows:
 
Total
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 
Other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 
Unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)1
2019

 
 
 
 
 
 
Common collective trusts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-United States equity and global equities
$
606

 
$

 
$
606

 
$

United States equity
74

 

 
74

 

Fixed income
571

 

 
571

 

Fixed income securities
885

 

 
885

 

United States treasuries
330

 
330

 

 

Bank loans
104




104



Real estate
299

 
225

 
13

 
61

Cash equivalents
196

 
67

 
129

 

Exchange traded funds
79

 
79

 

 

Other
167

 

 
38

 
129

Common collective and other trusts measured at net asset value
2,108

 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds measured at net asset value
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
Pending purchases and sales of plan assets, and interest
    receivable
(89
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total pension plan assets
$
5,336

 
$
701

 
$
2,420

 
$
190

1 These pension plan assets include private real estate, private credit and private equity funds that generally have redemption notice periods of six months or longer, and are not eligible for redemption until the underlying assets are liquidated or distributed. The Company has unfunded commitments to these funds of approximately $334 at December 31, 2019, which will be satisfied by a reallocation of pension plan assets.


46

Table of Contents

 
Total
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 
Other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 
Unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)1
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common collective trusts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-United States equity and global equities
$
612

 
$

 
$
612

 
$

United States equity
50

 

 
50

 

Fixed income
483

 

 
483

 

Fixed income securities
721

 

 
721

 

United States treasuries
262

 
262

 

 

Bank loans
107

 

 
107

 

Real estate
202

 
181

 

 
21

Equity securities
51

 
51

 

 

Cash equivalents
176

 
130

 
46

 

Exchange traded funds
60

 
60

 

 

Other
90

 

 
15

 
75

Common collective and other trusts measured at net asset value
1,833

 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds measured at net asset value
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
Pending purchases and sales of plan assets, and interest
    receivable
(24
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total pension plan assets
$
4,628

 
$
684

 
$
2,034

 
$
96


1 These pension plan assets include private real estate and private equity funds that generally have redemption notice periods of six months or longer, and are not eligible for redemption until the underlying assets are liquidated or distributed. The Company has unfunded commitments to these funds of approximately $180 at December 31, 2018, which will be satisfied by a reallocation of pension plan assets.

The fair value measurement of plan assets using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) changed during 2018 and 2019 due to the following:
 
Real estate
 
Other
 
Total
Balance at January 1, 2018
$
19

 
$
73

 
$
92

Actual return on plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (losses) relating to assets still held at year-end
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Purchases, sales, settlements - net
3

 
2

 
5

Transfers into or out of Level 3

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2018
21

 
75

 
96

Actual return on plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (losses) relating to assets still held at year-end
4

 
12

 
16

Purchases, sales, settlements - net
36

 
42

 
78

Transfers into or out of Level 3

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2019
$
61

 
$
129

 
$
190




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Table of Contents

Other Postretirement Benefits Plans
A summary of the fair value of other postretirement benefits plan assets at December 31, 2019 and 2018, follows:
 
Total
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 
Other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 
Unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents
$
5

 
$
5

 
$

 
$

Common collective and other trusts measured at net asset value
18

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total other postretirement benefits plan assets
$
23

 
$
5

 
$

 
$



 
Total
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 
Other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 
Unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents
$
6

 
$
6

 
$

 
$

Common collective and other trusts measured at net asset value
31

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total other postretirement benefits plan assets
$
37

 
$
6

 
$

 
$


Valuation Methodologies
Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for pension and other postretirement benefits plan assets measured at fair value. There have been no changes in the methodologies used at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
Common collective and other trusts - Valued at the net unit value of units held by the trust at year end. The unit value is determined by the total value of fund assets divided by the total number of units of the fund owned. The equity investments in collective trusts are predominantly in index funds for which the underlying securities are actively traded in public markets based upon readily measurable prices. The investments in other trusts are predominantly in exchange traded funds for which the underlying securities are actively traded in public markets based upon readily measurable prices. Common collective and other trusts measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy and are being presented in the tables above to permit a reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total plan assets.
Fixed income securities - These securities consist of publicly traded United States and non-United States fixed interest obligations (principally corporate and government bonds and debentures). The fair value of corporate and government debt securities is determined through third-party pricing models that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curves, credit ratings, and current market prices. The Company verifies the results of trustees or custodians and evaluates the pricing classification of these securities by performing analyses using other third-party sources.
United States treasuries - Valued at the closing price of each security.
Bank loans - These securities consist of senior secured term loans of publicly traded and privately held United States and non-United States floating rate obligations (principally corporations of non-investment grade rating). The fair value is determined through third-party pricing models that primarily utilize dealer quoted current market prices. The Company verifies the results of trustees or custodians and evaluates the pricing classification of these securities by performing analyses using other third-party sources.
Equity securities - These securities consist of direct investments in the stock of publicly traded companies. Such investments are valued based on the closing price reported in an active market on which the individual securities are traded. As such, the direct investments are classified as Level 1.

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Table of Contents

Real estate - Consists of direct investments in the stock of publicly traded companies and investments in pooled funds that invest directly in real estate. The publicly traded companies are valued based on the closing price reported in an active market on which the individual securities are traded and as such are classified as Level 1. The pooled funds rely on appraisal based valuations and as such are classified as Level 3.
Cash equivalents - Primarily certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and repurchase agreements.
Exchange traded funds - Valued at the closing price of the exchange traded fund's shares.
Money market funds - Money market funds measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy and are being presented in the tables above to permit a reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total plan assets.
Other - Primarily insurance contracts for international plans and also futures contracts and over-the-counter options. These investments are valued based on the closing prices of future contracts or indices as available on Bloomberg or similar service, private credit and private equity investments.
For additional information regarding fair value measurements, see Note 12.
Defined Contribution Plans
The Company has various defined contribution benefit plans, primarily consisting of the plans in the United States. The total contributions related to these plans are charged to expense and were as follows:
2019
$
130

2018
124

2017
114




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Table of Contents

Note 8.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal Contingencies
Eaton is subject to a broad range of claims, administrative and legal proceedings such as lawsuits that relate to contractual allegations, tax audits, patent infringement, personal injuries, antitrust matters, and employment-related matters. Eaton is also subject to asbestos claims from historic products which may have contained asbestos. Insurance may cover some of the costs associated with these claims and proceedings. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome or cost of these matters, the Company believes they will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2011, Pepsi-Cola Metropolitan Bottling Company, Inc. (“Pepsi”) filed an action against (a) Cooper Industries, LLC, Cooper Industries, Ltd., Cooper Holdings, Ltd., Cooper US, Inc., and Cooper Industries plc (collectively, “Cooper”), (b) M&F Worldwide Corp., Mafco Worldwide Corp., Mafco Consolidated Group LLC, and PCT International Holdings, Inc. (collectively, “Mafco”), and (c) the Pneumo Abex Asbestos Claims Settlement Trust (the “Trust”) in Texas state court. Pepsi alleged that it was harmed by a 2011 settlement agreement (“2011 Settlement”) among Cooper, Mafco, and Pneumo Abex, LLC (“Pneumo,” which prior to the 2011 Settlement was a Mafco subsidiary), which settlement resolved litigation that Pneumo had previously brought against Cooper involving, among other things, a guaranty related to Pneumo’s friction products business. In November 2015, after a Texas court ruled that Pepsi's claims should be heard in arbitration, Pepsi filed a demand for arbitration against Cooper, Mafco, the Trust, and Pneumo. Pepsi subsequently dropped claims against all parties except Cooper. An arbitration under the auspices of the American Arbitration Association commenced in October 2017. Pepsi’s experts opined, among other things, that the value contributed to the Trust for a release of the guaranty was below reasonably equivalent value, and that an inability of Pneumo to satisfy future liabilities could result in plaintiffs suing Pepsi under various theories. Cooper submitted various expert reports and, among other things, Cooper’s experts opined that Pepsi had no basis to seek any damages and that Cooper paid reasonably equivalent value for the release of its indemnity obligations under the guaranty. The arbitration proceedings closed in December 2017. On July 11, 2018, the arbitration panel made certain findings and concluded that the value contributed to the Trust did not constitute reasonably equivalent value, but ordered the parties to recalculate the amount that should have been contributed to the Trust as of the date of the 2011 transaction. Based on the findings made by the panel and the recalculation ordered by the panel, Cooper believed that no additional amount should be contributed. Pepsi argued that an additional $347 should be contributed. Cooper and its expert disagreed with Pepsi’s argument and believed that Pepsi’s recalculation was flawed and failed to comply with the instructions of the panel. On August 23, 2018, the panel issued its final award and ordered Cooper to pay $293 to Pneumo Abex. On August 30, 2018, Pepsi sought to confirm the award in Texas state court, which Cooper opposed on October 9, 2018. Cooper further requested that the court vacate the award on various grounds, including that Cooper was prejudiced by the conduct of the proceedings, the panel exceeded its powers, and because the panel denied Cooper a full and fair opportunity to present certain evidence. The court confirmed the award at the confirmation hearing, which was held on October 12, 2018. On November 2, 2018, the Company appealed. On November 28, 2018, the Company paid $297, the full judgment plus accrued post-judgment interest, to Pneumo Abex and preserved its rights, including to appeal. On April 25, 2019, the appeal that Cooper filed was dismissed.
Environmental Contingencies
Eaton has established policies to ensure that its operations are conducted in keeping with good corporate citizenship and with a positive commitment to the protection of the natural and workplace environments. The Company's manufacturing facilities are required to be certified to ISO 14001, an international standard for environmental management systems. The Company routinely reviews EHS performance at each of its facilities and continuously strives to improve pollution prevention.
Eaton is involved in remedial response and voluntary environmental remediation at a number of sites, including certain of its currently-owned or formerly-owned plants. The Company has also been named a potentially responsible party under the United States federal Superfund law, or the state equivalents thereof, at a number of disposal sites. The Company became involved in these sites as a result of government action or in connection with business acquisitions. At the end of 2019, the Company was involved with a total of 111 sites worldwide, including the Superfund sites mentioned above, with none of these sites being individually significant to the Company.

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Table of Contents

Remediation activities, generally involving soil and/or groundwater contamination, include pre-cleanup activities such as fact finding and investigation, risk assessment, feasibility study, design and action planning, performance (where actions may range from monitoring, to removal of contaminants, to installation of longer-term remediation systems), and operation and maintenance of a remediation system. The extent of expected remediation activities and costs varies by site. A number of factors affect the cost of environmental remediation, including the number of parties involved at a particular site, the determination of the extent of contamination, the length of time the remediation may require, the complexity of environmental regulations, and the continuing advancement of remediation technology. Taking these factors into account, Eaton has estimated the costs of remediation, which will be paid over a period of years. The Company accrues an amount on an undiscounted basis, consistent with the estimates of these costs, when it is probable that a liability has been incurred. Actual results may differ from these estimates. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had an accrual totaling $104 and $116, respectively, for these costs.
Based upon Eaton's analysis and subject to the difficulty in estimating these future costs, the Company expects that any sum it may be required to pay in connection with environmental matters is not reasonably possible to exceed the recorded liability by an amount that would have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Warranty Accruals
Product warranty accruals are established at the time the related sale is recognized through a charge to Cost of products sold. Warranty accrual estimates are based primarily on historical warranty claim experience and specific customer contracts. Provisions for warranty accruals are comprised of basic warranties for products sold, as well as accruals for product recalls and other events when they are known and estimable. A summary of the current and long-term warranty accruals follows:
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Balance at January 1
$
176

 
$
188

 
$
180

Provision
204

 
139

 
163

Settled
(175
)
 
(145
)
 
(156
)
Other
(2
)
 
(6
)
 
1

Warranty accruals reclassified to held for sale
(16
)
 

 

Balance at December 31
$
187

 
$
176

 
$
188





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Table of Contents

Note 9.
INCOME TAXES
Eaton Corporation plc is domiciled in Ireland. Income (loss) before income taxes and income tax (benefit) expense are summarized below based on the geographic location of the operation to which such earnings and income taxes are attributable.
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Ireland
$
(201
)
 
$
(365
)
 
$
(1,090
)
Foreign
2,792

 
2,789

 
4,458

Total income before income taxes
$
2,591

 
$
2,424

 
$
3,368

 
Income tax expense (benefit)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Current
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland
$
26

 
$
47

 
$
1

Foreign
410

 
370

 
357

Total current income tax expense
436

 
417

 
358

 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland
3

 
6

 

Foreign
(61
)
 
(145
)
 
24

Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)
(58
)
 
(139
)
 
24

Total income tax expense
$
378

 
$
278

 
$
382



Reconciliations of income taxes from the Ireland national statutory rate of 25% to the consolidated effective income tax rate follow:
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Income taxes at the applicable statutory rate
25.0
 %
 
25.0
 %
 
25.0
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland operations
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland tax on trading income
(1.0
)%
 
(2.0
)%
 
 %
Nondeductible interest expense
3.9
 %
 
7.8
 %
 
8.2
 %
Ireland Other - net
0.1
 %
 
0.1
 %
 
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign operations
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal tax rate change
 %
 
 %
 
(7.5
)%
U.S. tax on foreign earnings
 %
 
 %
 
4.8
 %
U.S. foreign tax credit
0.8
 %
 
(0.2
)%
 
(3.9
)%
Tax on foreign currency loss
 %
 
(1.6
)%
 
 %
Earnings taxed at other than
   the applicable statutory tax rate
(14.8
)%
 
(19.6
)%
 
(21.2
)%
Other items
2.5
 %
 
2.3
 %
 
3.1
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Worldwide operations
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustments to tax liabilities
(0.5
)%
 
1.1
 %
 
(1.8
)%
Adjustments to valuation allowances
(1.4
)%
 
(1.4
)%
 
4.6
 %
Effective income tax expense rate
14.6
 %
 
11.5
 %
 
11.3
 %


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Table of Contents

During 2019, income tax expense of $378 was recognized (an effective tax rate of 14.6%) compared to income tax expense of $278 in 2018 (an effective tax rate of 11.5%) and income tax expense of $382 in 2017 (an effective tax rate of 11.3%). The 2018 effective tax rate includes a tax benefit of $69 on the arbitration decision expense discussed in Note 8. The 2017 effective tax rate includes tax expense of $234 on the gain related to the sale of a business discussed in Note 2 and a tax benefit of $62 related to the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) which is discussed in further detail below. Excluding the impacts of the 2018 arbitration decision, the 2017 sale of business, and the 2017 TCJA, the effective tax rate was 12.8% in 2018 and 9.2% in 2017. The increase in the tax rate from 12.8% in 2018 to 14.6% in 2019 was primarily due to greater levels of income in higher tax jurisdictions. The increase from 9.2% in 2017 compared to 12.8% in 2018 was due to greater levels of income in higher tax jurisdictions and an increase in tax contingencies offset by net decreases of related valuation allowances.
The TCJA was enacted on December 22, 2017, which reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% and required a one-time transition tax on certain unremitted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries owned directly or indirectly by U.S. subsidiaries of the Company. In December 2017, the Company recorded a provisional tax benefit amount of $79 for the impact of the tax rate change on deferred tax balances and a provisional tax expense of $17 for the one-time transition tax, for a net tax benefit of $62. During 2018, the Company finalized its accounting for the 2017 enactment of the TCJA and recorded an adjustment of $17 tax expense, primarily related to the one-time transition tax, resulting in a final net tax benefit of $45.
No provision has been made for income taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries of approximately $28.5 billion at December 31, 2019, since it is the Company's intention to indefinitely reinvest undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries. The Company expects to deploy capital to those markets which offer particularly attractive growth opportunities. The cash that is permanently reinvested is typically used to expand operations either organically or through acquisitions. It is not practicable to estimate the additional income taxes and applicable withholding taxes that would be payable on the remittance of such undistributed earnings.
Worldwide income tax payments, net of tax refunds, follow:
2019
$
425

2018
379

2017
288


Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities
Components of noncurrent deferred income taxes follow:
 
2019
 
2018
 
Noncurrent assets and liabilities
 
Noncurrent assets and liabilities
Accruals and other adjustments
 
 
 
Employee benefits
$
514

 
$
481

Depreciation and amortization
(1,245
)
 
(1,198
)
Other accruals and adjustments
498

 
434

Ireland income tax loss carryforwards
1

 
1

Foreign income tax loss carryforwards
1,826

 
1,915

Foreign income tax credit carryforwards
349

 
396

Valuation allowance for income tax loss and income tax
   credit carryforwards
(1,914
)
 
(2,032
)
Other valuation allowances
(52
)
 
(53
)
Total deferred income taxes
(23
)
 
(56
)
Deferred income taxes reported as assets held for sale
1

 

Deferred income taxes
$
(24
)
 
$
(56
)



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Table of Contents

At December 31, 2019, Eaton Corporation plc and certain Irish subsidiaries had tax loss carryforwards that are available to reduce future taxable income and tax liabilities. These carryforwards and their respective expiration dates are summarized below:
 
2020
through
2024
 
2025
through
2029
 
2030
through
2034
 
2035
through
2044
 
Not
subject to
expiration
 
 
Valuation
allowance
Ireland income tax loss carryforwards
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
8

 
$

Ireland deferred income tax assets for income tax loss carryforwards

 

 

 

 
1

 
(1
)

At December 31, 2019, the Company's foreign subsidiaries had income tax loss carryforwards and income tax credit carryforwards that are available to reduce future taxable income or tax liabilities. These carryforwards and their respective expiration dates are summarized below:
 
2020
through
2024
 
2025
through
2029
 
2030
through
2034
 
2035
through
2044
 
Not
subject to
expiration
 
 
Valuation
allowance
Foreign income tax loss carryforwards
$
874

 
$
52

 
$
7,931

 
$
367

 
$
3,233

 
$

Foreign deferred income tax assets for income tax loss carryforwards
108

 
23

 
819

 
108

 
797

 
(1,690
)
Foreign deferred income tax assets for income tax loss carryforwards after ASU 2013-11
90

 
22

 
810

 
108

 
796

 
(1,690
)
Foreign income tax credit carryforwards
115

 
189

 
40

 
90

 
30

 
(223
)
Foreign income tax credit carryforwards after ASU 2013-11
111

 
165

 
24

 
19

 
30

 
(223
)

Recoverability of Deferred Income Tax Assets
Eaton is subject to the income tax laws in the jurisdictions in which it operates. In order to determine its income tax provision for financial statement purposes, Eaton must make significant estimates and judgments about its business operations in these jurisdictions. These estimates and judgments are also used in determining the deferred income tax assets and liabilities that have been recognized for differences between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities, and income tax loss carryforwards and income tax credit carryforwards.
Management evaluates the realizability of deferred income tax assets for each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. If the Company experiences cumulative pre-tax income in a particular jurisdiction in the three-year period including the current and prior two years, management normally concludes that the deferred income tax assets will more likely than not be realizable and no valuation allowance is recognized, unless known or planned operating developments, or changes in tax laws, would lead management to conclude otherwise. However, if the Company experiences cumulative pre-tax losses in a particular jurisdiction in the three-year period including the current and prior two years, management then considers a series of factors in the determination of whether the deferred income tax assets can be realized. These factors include historical operating results, known or planned operating developments, the period of time over which certain temporary differences will reverse, consideration of the utilization of certain deferred income tax liabilities, tax law carryback capability in the particular country, prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, changes in tax laws, and estimates of future earnings and taxable income using the same assumptions as those used for the Company's goodwill and other impairment testing. After evaluation of these factors, if the deferred income tax assets are expected to be realized within the tax carryforward period allowed for that specific country, management would conclude that no valuation allowance would be required. To the extent that the deferred income tax assets exceed the amount that is expected to be realized within the tax carryforward period for a particular jurisdiction, management would establish a valuation allowance.
Applying the above methodology, valuation allowances have been established for certain deferred income tax assets to the extent they are not expected to be realized within the particular tax carryforward period.

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Table of Contents

Unrecognized Income Tax Benefits
A summary of gross unrecognized income tax benefits follows:
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Balance at January 1
$
913

 
$
735

 
$
629

Increases and decreases as a result of positions taken during prior years
 
 
 
 
 
Transfers from valuation allowances
15

 
2

 

Other increases, including currency translation
22

 
164

 
10

Other decreases, including currency translation
(10
)
 
(35
)
 
(30
)
Increases as a result of positions taken during the current year
80

 
69

 
162

Decreases relating to settlements with tax authorities
(16
)
 
(3
)
 
(10
)
Decreases as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations
(3
)
 
(19
)
 
(26
)
Balance at December 31
$
1,001

 
$
913

 
$
735



Eaton recognizes an income tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the benefit would be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company evaluates and adjusts the amount of unrecognized income tax benefits based on changes in facts and circumstances. The Company does not enter into any of the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Listed Transactions as set forth in Treasury Regulation 1.6011-4.
If all unrecognized income tax benefits were recognized, the net impact on the provision for income tax expense would be $660, which includes the impact of deferred tax netting pursuant to ASU 2013-11.
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, Eaton had accrued approximately $93 and $74, respectively, for the payment of worldwide interest and penalties, which are not included in the table of unrecognized income tax benefits above. Eaton recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits in the provision for income tax expense.
The resolution of the majority of Eaton's unrecognized income tax benefits is dependent upon uncontrollable factors such as the prospect of retroactive regulations; new case law; and the willingness of the income tax authority to settle the issue, including the timing thereof. Therefore, for the majority of unrecognized income tax benefits, it is not reasonably possible to estimate the increase or decrease in the next 12 months. For each of the unrecognized income tax benefits where it is possible to estimate the increase or decrease in the balance within the next 12 months, the Company does not anticipate any significant change.
Eaton or its subsidiaries file income tax returns in Ireland and many countries around the world. With only a few exceptions, Irish and non-United States subsidiaries of Eaton are no longer subject to examinations for years before 2012.
The United States Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) has completed its examination of the consolidated income tax returns of the Company’s United States subsidiaries (“Eaton US”) for 2005 through 2010 and has issued Statutory Notices of Deficiency (Notices) as discussed below. The statute of limitations on these tax years remains open until the matters are resolved. The IRS has also completed its examination of the consolidated income tax returns of Eaton US for 2011 through 2013 and has issued proposed adjustments as discussed below. The statute of limitations on these tax years remains open until June 30, 2021. The IRS is currently examining tax years 2014 through 2016. The statute of limitations for tax years 2014 through 2016 is open until May 31, 2021. Tax years 2017 and 2018 are still subject to examination by the IRS.
Eaton US is also under examination for the income tax filings in various states and localities of the United States. Income tax returns of states and localities within the United States will be reopened to the extent of United States federal income tax adjustments, if any, going back to 2005 when those audit years are finalized. Some states and localities might not limit their assessment to the United States federal adjustments, and may require the opening of the entire tax year.







55

Table of Contents

In 2011, the IRS issued a Notice for Eaton US for the 2005 and 2006 tax years (the 2011 Notice). The 2011 Notice proposed assessments of $75 in additional taxes plus $52 in penalties related primarily to transfer pricing adjustments for products manufactured in the Company's facilities in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic and sold to affiliated companies located in the United States. Eaton US has set its transfer prices for products sold between these affiliates at the same prices that Eaton US sells such products to third parties as required by two successive Advance Pricing Agreements (APAs) Eaton US entered into with the IRS that governed the 2005-2010 tax years. Eaton US has continued to apply the arms-length transfer pricing methodology for 2011 through the current reporting period. Immediately prior to the 2011 Notice being issued, the IRS sent a letter stating that it was retrospectively canceling the APAs. Eaton US contested the proposed assessments in United States Tax Court. The case involved both whether the APAs should be enforced and, if not, the appropriate transfer pricing methodology. On July 26, 2017, the United States Tax Court issued a ruling in which it agreed with Eaton US that the IRS must abide by the terms of the APAs for the tax years 2005-2006. The Tax Court’s ruling on the APAs did not have a material impact on Eaton’s consolidated financial statements.
In 2014, Eaton US received a Notice from the IRS for the 2007 through 2010 tax years (the 2014 Notice) proposing assessments of $190 in additional taxes plus $72 in penalties, net of agreed credits and deductions, which the Company has also contested in Tax Court. The proposed assessments pertain primarily to the same transfer pricing issues and APA for which the Tax Court has issued its ruling during 2017 as noted above. The Company believes that the Tax Court’s ruling for tax years 2005-2006 will also be applicable to the 2007-2010 years. Following the issuance of the Tax Court’s ruling, Eaton and the IRS recognized that the ruling on the enforceability of the APAs did not address a secondary issue regarding the transfer pricing for a certain royalty paid from 2006-2010. Eaton US reported a consistent royalty rate for 2006-2010. The IRS has agreed to the royalty rate as reported by Eaton US in 2006. Although the IRS has not proposed an alternative rate, it has not agreed to apply the same royalty rate in the 2007-2010 years.
  The 2014 Notice also includes a separate proposed assessment involving the recognition of income for several of Eaton US’s controlled foreign corporations. The Company believes that the proposed assessment is without merit and is contesting the matter in Tax Court. In October 2017, Eaton and the IRS both moved for partial summary judgment on this issue. On February 25, 2019 the Tax Court granted the IRS’s motion for partial summary judgment and denied Eaton’s. The Company intends to appeal the Tax Court’s partial summary judgment decision to the United States Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. The Company believes that it will be successful on appeal and has not recorded any additional impact of the Tax Court's decision in its consolidated financial statements. The total potential impact of the Tax Court's partial summary judgment decision on the controlled foreign corporation income recognition issue is not estimable until all matters in the open tax years have been resolved.
In 2018 the IRS completed its examination of the Eaton US tax years 2011 through 2013 and has proposed adjustments to certain transfer pricing tax positions, including adjustments similar to those proposed in the 2011 and 2014 Notices for products manufactured in the Company’s facilities in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic and sold to affiliated companies located in the United States. The IRS also proposed adjustments involving the recognition of income for several of Eaton US’s controlled foreign corporation, which is the same issue included in the 2014 Notice described above and subject to litigation in Tax Court. The Company intends to pursue its administrative appeals alternatives with respect to each of the IRS adjustments and believes that final resolution of the proposed adjustments will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
During 2010, the Company received a tax assessment, which included interest and penalties, in Brazil for the tax years 2005 through 2008 that relates to the amortization of certain goodwill generated from the acquisition of third-party businesses and corporate reorganizations. In 2018 the Company received an unfavorable result at the final tax administrative appeals level, resulting in an alleged tax deficiency of $31 plus $84 of interest and penalties (translated at the December 31, 2019 exchange rate). The Company is challenging the assessment in the judicial system. During 2014, the Company received a tax assessment, which included interest and penalties, for the 2009 through 2012 tax years (primarily relating to the same issues concerning the 2005 through 2008 tax years). In November 2019, the Company received an unfavorable result at the final tax administrative appeals level, resulting in an alleged tax deficiency of $33 plus $117 of interest and penalties (translated at the December 31, 2019 exchange rate). The Company plans to challenge the assessment in the judicial system. Challenges in the judicial system are expected to take up to 10 years to resolve. The Company continues to believe that final resolution of both of the assessments will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.


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Note 10.
EATON SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
There are 750 million Eaton ordinary shares authorized ($0.01 par value per share), 413.3 million and 423.6 million of which were issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Eaton's Memorandum and Articles of Association authorized 40 thousand deferred ordinary shares (1.00 par value per share) and 10 thousand preferred A shares ($1.00 par value per share), all of which were issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and 10 million serial preferred shares ($0.01 par value per share), none of which is outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018. At December 31, 2019, there were 12,072 holders of record of Eaton ordinary shares. Additionally, 17,699 current and former employees were shareholders through participation in the Eaton Savings Plan, the Eaton Personal Investment Plan, or the Eaton Puerto Rico Retirement Savings Plan.
On February 24, 2016, the Board of Directors adopted a share repurchase program for share repurchases up to $2,500 of ordinary shares (2016 Program). Under the 2016 Program, the ordinary shares were expected to be repurchased over time, depending on market conditions, the market price of ordinary shares, capital levels, and other considerations. During 2018 and 2017, 13.2 million and 11.5 million shares, respectively, were purchased on the open market under the 2016 Program for a total cost of $1,002 and $850, respectively. An additional 4.3 million shares were purchased on the open market in December 2018 outside of the 2016 Program for a total cost of $298. On February 27, 2019, the Board of Directors adopted a new share repurchase program for share repurchases up to $5,000 of ordinary shares (2019 Program). Under the 2019 Program, the ordinary shares are expected to be repurchased over time, depending on market conditions, the market price of ordinary shares, capital levels, and other considerations. During 2019, 12.5 million ordinary shares were repurchased under the 2019 Program in the open market at a total cost of $1,000.
Eaton has deferral plans that permit certain employees and directors to defer a portion of their compensation. A trust contains $5 and $8 of ordinary shares and marketable securities at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, to fund a portion of these liabilities. The marketable securities were included in Other assets and the ordinary shares were included in Shareholders' equity at historical cost.
On February 26, 2020, Eaton's Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.73 per ordinary share, a 3% increase over the dividend paid in the fourth quarter of 2019. The dividend is payable on March 27, 2020 to shareholders of record on March 13, 2020.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) consists primarily of net income, currency translation and related hedging instruments, changes in unrecognized costs of pension and other postretirement benefits, and changes in the effective portion of open derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges. The following table summarizes the pre-tax and after-tax amounts recognized in Comprehensive income (loss):
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
Pre-tax
 
After-tax
 
Pre-tax
 
After-tax
 
Pre-tax
 
After-tax
Currency translation and related hedging instruments
$
15

 
$
16

 
$
(613
)
 
$
(609
)
 
$
800

 
$
807

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pensions and other postretirement benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prior service credit (cost) arising during the year
(2
)
 
(2
)
 
(25
)
 
(20
)
 
(1
)
 

Net gain (loss) arising during the year
(294
)
 
(232
)
 
(358
)
 
(274
)
 
215

 
169

Currency translation
(16
)
 
(13
)
 
37

 
29

 
(67
)
 
(53
)
Other

 

 

 
5

 

 
(5
)
Amortization of actuarial loss and prior service cost
   reclassified to earnings
148

 
117

 
168

 
121

 
188

 
130

 
(164
)
 
(130
)
 
(178
)
 
(139
)
 
335

 
241

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain (loss) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
(33
)
 
(27
)
 
(8
)
 
(6
)
 
(24
)
 
(15
)
Changes in cash flow hedges reclassified to earnings
(5
)
 
(4
)
 
16

 
13

 
17

 
11

  Cash flow hedges, net of reclassification adjustments
(38
)
 
(31
)
 
8

 
7

 
(7
)
 
(4
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
$
(187
)
 
$
(145
)
 
$
(783
)
 
$
(741
)
 
$
1,128

 
$
1,044



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The changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss follow:
 
Currency translation and related hedging instruments
 
Pensions and other postretirement benefits
 
Cash flow
hedges
 
Total
Balance at January 1, 2019
$
(2,864
)
 
$
(1,278
)
 
$
(3
)
 
$
(4,145
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before
    reclassifications
16

 
(247
)
 
(27
)
 
(258
)
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other
   comprehensive loss (income)

 
117

 
(4
)
 
113

Net current-period Other comprehensive
   income (loss)
16

 
(130
)
 
(31
)
 
(145
)
Balance at December 31, 2019
$
(2,848
)
 
$
(1,408
)
 
$
(34
)
 
$
(4,290
)

The reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive loss follow:
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
Consolidated Statements of
Income classification
Amortization of defined benefits pension and other
   postretirement benefits items
 
 
 
 
Actuarial loss and prior service cost
 
$
(148
)
 
1 
Tax benefit
 
31

 
 
Total, net of tax
 
(117
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains and (losses) on cash flow hedges
 
 
 
 
Currency exchange contracts
 
5

 
Net sales and Cost of products sold
Tax expense
 
(1
)
 
 
Total, net of tax
 
4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total reclassifications for the period
 
$
(113
)
 
 
1 These components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. See Note 7 for additional information about defined benefits pension and other postretirement benefits items.
Net Income Per Share Attributable to Eaton Ordinary Shareholders
A summary of the calculation of net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders follows:
(Shares in millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
$
2,211

 
$
2,145

 
$
2,985

 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding - diluted
420.8

 
436.9

 
447

Less dilutive effect of equity-based compensation
1.8

 
2.6

 
2.5

Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding - basic
419.0

 
434.3

 
444.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted
$
5.25

 
$
4.91

 
$
6.68

Basic
5.28

 
4.93

 
6.71


In 2019, 2018, and 2017, 0.8 million, 0.5 million, and 0.4 million stock options, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders because the exercise price of the options exceeded the average market price of the ordinary shares during the period and their effect, accordingly, would have been antidilutive.


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Note 11.
EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION
Eaton recognizes equity-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of the award. Awards with service conditions or both service and market conditions are expensed over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Awards with both service and performance conditions are expensed over the period an employee is required to provide service based on the number of units for which achievement of the performance objective is probable. The Company estimates forfeitures as part of recording equity-based compensation expense.
Restricted Stock Units and Awards
Restricted stock units (RSUs) and restricted stock awards (RSAs) have been issued to certain employees and directors. The fair value of RSUs awarded in 2017, 2018 and 2019, and RSAs are determined based on the closing market price of the Company’s ordinary shares at the date of grant. The RSUs entitle the holder to receive one ordinary share for each RSU upon vesting, generally over three years. RSAs are issued and outstanding at the time of grant, but remain subject to forfeiture until vested, generally over three or four years. A summary of the RSU and RSA activity for 2019 follows:
(Restricted stock units and awards in millions)
Number of restricted
stock units and awards
 
Weighted-average fair
value per unit and award
Non-vested at January 1
2.1

 
$
68.56

Granted
0.9

 
80.59

Vested
(1.2
)
 
65.45

Forfeited
(0.1
)
 
76.24

Non-vested at December 31
1.7

 
$
76.79


Information related to RSUs and RSAs follows:
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Pre-tax expense for RSUs and RSAs
$
57

 
$
59

 
$
66

After-tax expense for RSUs and RSAs
45

 
46

 
43

Fair value of vested RSUs and RSAs
103


71

 
73


As of December 31, 2019, total compensation expense not yet recognized related to non-vested RSUs and RSAs was $75, and the weighted-average period in which the expense is expected to be recognized is 2.3 years. Excess tax benefit for RSUs and RSAs totaled $3, $3 and $2 for 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
Performance Share Units
In February 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Compensation and Organization Committee of the Board of Directors approved the grant of performance share units (PSUs) to certain employees that vest based on the satisfaction of a three-year service period and total shareholder return relative to that of a group of peers. Awards earned at the end of the three-year vesting period range from 0% to 200% of the targeted number of PSUs granted based on the ranking of total shareholder return of the Company, assuming reinvestment of all dividends, relative to a defined peer group of companies. Equity-based compensation expense for these PSUs is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Upon vesting, dividends that have accumulated during the vesting period are paid on earned awards.
The Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the fair value of PSUs with market conditions. The principal assumptions utilized in valuing these PSUs include the expected stock price volatility (based on the most recent 3-year period as of the grant date) and the risk-free interest rate (an estimate based on the yield of United States Treasury zero coupon bonds with a 3-year maturity as of the grant date). A summary of the assumptions used in determining fair value of these PSUs follows:
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Expected volatility
 
21
%
 
22
%
 
24
%
Risk-free interest rate
 
2.42
%
 
2.38
%
 
1.46
%
Weighted-average fair value of PSUs granted
 
$
92.50

 
$
100.86

 
$
80.07



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Table of Contents

A summary of these PSUs that vested follows:
(Performance share units in millions)
 
2019
 
2018
Percent payout
 
130
%
 
116
%
Shares vested
 
0.3

 
0.5

A summary of the 2019 activity for these PSUs follows:
(Performance share units in millions)
 
Number of performance
share units
 
Weighted-average fair
value per unit
Non-vested at January 1
 
0.6

 
$
89.95

Granted1
 
0.3

 
92.50

Adjusted for performance results achieved2
 
0.1

 
80.07

Vested
 
(0.3
)
 
80.07

Forfeited
 
(0.1
)
 
90.91

Non-vested at December 31
 
0.6

 
$
96.14

1 Performance shares granted assuming the Company will perform at target relative to peers.
2 Adjustments for the number of shares vested under the 2017 awards at the end of the three-year performance period ended December 31, 2019, being higher than the target number of shares.
In February 2016, performance share units were granted to certain employees that entitles the holder to receive one ordinary share for each PSU that vest based on the satisfaction of a three-year service period and the achievement of certain performance metrics over that same period. Upon vesting, PSU holders receive dividends that accumulate during the vesting period. The fair value of these PSUs is determined based on the closing market price of the Company's ordinary shares at the date of grant. Equity-based compensation expense is recognized over the period an employee is required to provide service based on the number of PSUs for which achievement of the performance objectives is probable. A summary of the 2019 activity for these PSUs follows:
(Performance share units in millions)
 
Number of performance
share units
 
Weighted-average fair
value per unit
Non-vested at January 1
 
0.1

 
$
56.55

Granted
 

 

Vested
 
(0.1
)
 
56.55

Forfeited
 

 

Non-vested at December 31
 

 
$


Information related to PSUs follows:
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Pre-tax expense for PSUs
 
$
21

 
$
28

 
$
22

After-tax expense for PSUs
 
17

 
22

 
13


As of December 31, 2019, total compensation expense not yet recognized related to non-vested PSUs was $30 and the weighted-average period in which the expense is to be recognized is 1.7 years. Excess tax benefit for PSUs totaled $1 in 2019, and there was no excess tax benefit for PSUs in 2018 and 2017.
Stock Options
Under various plans, stock options have been granted to certain employees and directors to purchase ordinary shares at prices equal to fair market value on the date of grant. Substantially all of these options vest ratably during the three-year period following the date of grant and expire 10 years from the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized for stock options based on the fair value of the options at the date of grant and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period the employee or director is required to provide service.

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The Company uses a Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options. The principal assumptions utilized in valuing stock options include the expected stock price volatility (based on the most recent historical period equal to the expected life of the option); the expected option life (an estimate based on historical experience); the expected dividend yield; and the risk-free interest rate (an estimate based on the yield of United States Treasury zero coupon with a maturity equal to the expected life of the option). A summary of the assumptions used in determining the fair value of stock options follows:
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Expected volatility
23
%
 
26
%
 
27
%
Expected option life in years
6.6


6.7

 
6.6

Expected dividend yield
3.2
%
 
3.0
%
 
2.8
%
Risk-free interest rate
1.9 to 2.6%

 
2.6 to 2.9%

 
1.8 to 2.1%

Weighted-average fair value of stock options granted
$
14.08

 
$
16.93

 
$
15.11


A summary of stock option activity follows:
(Options in millions)
Weighted-average
exercise price per option
 
Options
 
Weighted-average
remaining
contractual life
in years
 
Aggregate
intrinsic
value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019
$
65.96

 
4.6

 
 
 
 
Granted
80.47

 
0.8

 
 
 
 
Exercised
60.47

 
(1.2
)
 
 
 
 
Forfeited and canceled
74.08

 
(0.1
)
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2019
$
69.95

 
4.1

 
6.2
 
$
102.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable at December 31, 2019
$
65.59

 
2.8

 
5.2
 
$
82.6

Reserved for future grants at December 31, 2019
 
 
9.3

 
 
 
 

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total excess of the $94.72 closing price of Eaton ordinary shares on the last trading day of 2019 over the exercise price of the stock option, multiplied by the related number of options outstanding and exercisable. The aggregate intrinsic value is not recognized for financial accounting purposes and the value changes based on the daily changes in the fair market value of the Company's ordinary shares.
Information related to stock options follows:
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Pre-tax expense for stock options
$
9

 
$
11

 
$
11

After-tax expense for stock options
7

 
9

 
8

Proceeds from stock options exercised
67

 
29

 
66

Income tax benefit related to stock options exercised
 
 
 
 
 
Tax benefit classified in operating activities in the Consolidated
   Statements of Cash Flows
4

 
3

 
13

Intrinsic value of stock options exercised
29

 
17

 
41

Total fair value of stock options vested
$
9

 
$
11

 
$
11

 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options exercised, in millions of options
1.2

 
0.6

 
1.5


As of December 31, 2019, total compensation expense not yet recognized related to non-vested stock options was $10, and the weighted-average period in which the expense is expected to be recognized is 1.8 years.


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Note 12.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is measured based on an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to satisfy a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a fair value hierarchy is established, which categorizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: (Level 1) observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; (Level 2) inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and (Level 3) unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
A summary of financial instruments recognized at fair value, and the fair value measurements used, follows:
 
Total
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 
Other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 
Unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
$
370

 
$
370

 
$

 
$

Short-term investments
221

 
221

 

 

Net derivative contracts
53

 

 
53

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
$
283

 
$
283

 
$

 
$

Short-term investments
157

 
157

 

 

Net derivative contracts
14

 

 
14

 


Eaton values its financial instruments using an industry standard market approach, in which prices and other relevant information is generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. No financial instruments were measured using unobservable inputs.
Other Fair Value Measurements
Long-term debt and the current portion of long-term debt had a carrying value of $8,067 and fair value of $8,638 at December 31, 2019 compared to $7,107 and $7,061, respectively, at December 31, 2018. The fair value of Eaton's debt instruments was estimated using prevailing market interest rates on debt with similar creditworthiness, terms and maturities and is considered a Level 2 fair value measurement.
As discussed in Note 2, on July 31, 2017 Eaton sold a 50% interest in its heavy-duty and medium-duty commercial vehicle automated transmission business to Cummins, Inc. Eaton's remaining 50% interest was remeasured to a fair value of $600 on July 31, 2017 using a discounted cash flow model which is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. The model includes estimates of future cash flows, future growth rates, terminal value amounts, and the applicable weighted-average cost of capital used to discount those estimated cash flows. Eaton accounts for its investment on the equity method of accounting.
Short-Term Investments
Eaton invests excess cash generated from operations in short-term marketable investments. A summary of the carrying value, which approximates the fair value due to the short-term maturities of these investments, follows:
 
2019
 
2018
Time deposits and certificates of deposit with banks
$
150

 
$
111

Money market investments
71

 
46

Total short-term investments
$
221

 
$
157




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Table of Contents

Note 13.
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
In the normal course of business, Eaton is exposed to certain risks related to fluctuations in interest rates, currency exchange rates and commodity prices. The Company uses various derivative and non-derivative financial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps, currency forward exchange contracts, currency swaps and, commodity contracts to manage risks from these market fluctuations. The instruments used by Eaton are straightforward, non-leveraged instruments. The counterparties to these instruments are financial institutions with strong credit ratings. Eaton maintains control over the size of positions entered into with any one counterparty and regularly monitors the credit rating of these institutions. Such instruments are not purchased and sold for trading purposes.
Derivative financial instruments are accounted for at fair value and recognized as assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accounting for the gain or loss resulting from the change in the fair value of the derivative financial instrument depends on whether it has been designated, and is effective, as part of a hedging relationship and, if so, as to the nature of the hedging activity. Eaton formally documents all relationships between derivative financial instruments accounted for as designated hedges and the hedged item, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction. This process includes linking derivative financial instruments to a recognized asset or liability, specific firm commitment, forecasted transaction, or net investment in a foreign operation. These financial instruments can be designated as:
Hedges of the change in the fair value of a recognized fixed-rate asset or liability, or the firm commitment to acquire such an asset or liability (a fair value hedge); for these hedges, the gain or loss from the derivative financial instrument, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in income during the period of change in fair value.
Hedges of the variable cash flows of a recognized variable-rate asset or liability, or the forecasted acquisition of such an asset or liability (a cash flow hedge); for these hedges, the gain or loss from the derivative financial instrument is recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified to income in the same period when the gain or loss on the hedged item is included in income.
Hedges of the currency exposure related to a net investment in a foreign operation (a net investment hedge); for these hedges, the gain or loss from the derivative financial instrument is recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified to income in the same period when the gain or loss related to the net investment in the foreign operation is included in income.
The gain or loss from a derivative financial instrument designated as a hedge is classified in the same line of the Consolidated Statements of Income as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item. The cash flows resulting from these financial instruments are classified in operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
For derivatives that are not designated as a hedge, any gain or loss is immediately recognized in income. The majority of derivatives used in this manner relate to risks resulting from assets or liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and certain commodity contracts that arise in the normal course of business.
Eaton uses certain of its debt denominated in foreign currency to hedge portions of its net investments in foreign operations against foreign currency exposure (net investment hedges). Foreign currency denominated debt designated as non-derivative net investment hedging instruments had a carrying value on an after-tax basis of $1,845 and on a pre-tax basis of $623 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See Note 6 for additional information about debt.
Interest Rate Risk
Eaton has entered into fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk of certain long-term debt. These interest rate swaps are accounted for as fair value hedges of certain long-term debt. The maturity of the swap corresponds with the maturity of the debt instrument as noted in the table of long-term debt in Note 6. Eaton also entered into several forward starting floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk on a future anticipated debt issuance.

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Table of Contents

A summary of interest rate swaps outstanding at December 31, 2019, follows:
Fixed-to-Floating Interest Rate Swaps
Notional amount
 
Fixed interest
rate received
 
Floating interest
rate paid
 
Basis for contracted floating interest rate paid
150

 
3.88%
 
4.35%
 
1 month LIBOR + 2.12%
275

 
3.47%
 
3.97%
 
1 month LIBOR + 1.74%
100

 
8.10%
 
8.13%
 
1 month LIBOR + 5.90%
1,400

 
2.75%
 
2.85%
 
1 month LIBOR + 0.58%
200

 
3.68%
 
3.30%
 
1 month LIBOR + 1.07%
25

 
7.63%
 
4.87%
 
6 month LIBOR + 2.48%
50

 
7.65%
 
5.21%
 
6 month LIBOR + 2.57%
25

 
5.45%
 
2.79%
 
6 month LIBOR + 0.28%


Forward Starting Floating-to-Fixed Interest Rate Swaps
Notional amount
 
Floating interest
rate to be received
 
Fixed interest
rate to be paid
 
Basis for contracted floating interest rate received
$
50

 
%
 
3.10%
 
3 month LIBOR + 0.00%
50

 
%
 
3.06%
 
3 month LIBOR + 0.00%
50

 
%
 
2.80%
 
3 month LIBOR + 0.00%
50

 
%
 
2.81%
 
3 month LIBOR + 0.00%
50

 
%
 
2.64%
 
3 month LIBOR + 0.00%
50

 
%
 
2.64%
 
3 month LIBOR + 0.00%
50

 
%
 
2.30%
 
3 month LIBOR + 0.00%
50

 
%
 
2.08%
 
3 month LIBOR + 0.00%
50

 
%
 
1.77%
 
3 month LIBOR + 0.00%
50

 
%
 
1.51%
 
3 month LIBOR + 0.00%




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Table of Contents

Derivative Financial Statement Impacts
The fair value of derivative financial instruments recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets follows:
 
Notional
amount
 
Other
 current
assets
 
Other
noncurrent
assets
 
Other
current
liabilities
 
Other
noncurrent
liabilities
 
Type of
hedge
 
Term
December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives designated as hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps
$
2,225

 
$

 
$
57

 
$

 
$

 
Fair value
 
12 months to
15 years
Forward starting floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps
500

 

 
3

 

 
42

 
Cash flow
 
13 to 33 years
Currency exchange contracts
1,146

 
14

 
3

 
11

 
6

 
Cash flow
 
1 to 36 months
Commodity contracts
9

 

 

 

 

 
Cash flow
 
1 to 9 months
Total
 
 
$
14

 
$
63

 
$
11

 
$
48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency exchange contracts
$
4,975

 
$
48

 
 
 
$
13

 
 
 
 
 
1 to 12 months
Commodity contracts
3

 

 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
1 month
Total
 
 
$
48

 
 
 
$
13

 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives designated as hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps
$
2,550

 
$

 
$
22

 
$
1

 
$
26

 
Fair value
 
3 months to
16 years
Forward starting floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps
100

 

 

 

 
3

 
Cash flow
 
34 years
Currency exchange contracts
951

 
19

 
2

 
11

 
8

 
Cash flow
 
1 to 36 months
Total
 
 
$
19

 
$
24

 
$
12

 
$
37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency exchange contracts
$
3,886

 
$
40

 
 
 
$
20

 
 
 
 
 
1 to 12 months
Total
 
 
$
40

 
 

 
$
20

 
 
 
 
 
 

The currency exchange contracts shown in the table above as derivatives not designated as hedges are primarily contracts entered into to manage currency volatility or exposure on intercompany receivables, payables and loans. While Eaton does not elect hedge accounting treatment for these derivatives, Eaton targets managing 100% of the intercompany balance sheet exposure to minimize the effect of currency volatility related to the movement of goods and services in the normal course of its operations. This activity represents the great majority of these currency exchange contracts. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, $54 of cash inflow and $110 of cash outflow, respectively, resulting from the settlement of these derivatives have been classified in investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The net cash flow from the settlement of these derivatives has been presented in operating activities in 2017 and have not been restated as such amounts are not material.
As of December 31, 2019, the volume of outstanding commodity contracts that were entered into to hedge forecasted transactions:
Commodity
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
 
Term
Copper
 
2

 
millions of pounds
 
1 to 4 months
Gold
 
2,158

 
Troy ounces
 
1 to 9 months


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The following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps:
 
Carrying amount of the hedged assets (liabilities)
 
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged asset (liabilities) (a)
Location on Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2019
Long-term debt
$
(2,838
)
 
$
(97
)
(a) At December 31, 2019, these amounts include the cumulative liability amount of fair value hedging adjustments remaining for which the hedge accounting has been discontinued of $40.
The impact of hedging activities to the Consolidated Statements of Income are as follow:
 
2019
 
Net Sales
 
Cost of products sold
 
Interest expense - net
Amounts from Consolidated Statements of Income
$
21,390

 
$
14,338

 
$
236

 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain (loss) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
 
 
 
 
 
Currency exchange contracts
 
 
 
 
 
Hedged item
$
7

 
$
(12
)
 
$

Derivative designated as hedging instrument
(7
)
 
12

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity contracts
 
 
 
 
 
Hedged item
$

 
$

 
$

Derivative designated as hedging instrument

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain (loss) on derivatives designated as fair value hedges
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps
 
 
 
 
 
Hedged item
$

 
$

 
$
(62
)
Derivative designated as hedging instrument

 

 
62


The impact of derivatives not designated as hedges to the Consolidated Statements of Income are as follow:
 
Gain (loss) recognized in Consolidated Statements of Income
 
Consolidated Statements of Income classification
 
2019
 
 
Gain (loss) on derivatives not designated as hedges
 
 
 
Currency exchange contracts
$
73

 
Other income - net
Commodity Contracts

 
Cost of products sold
Total
$
73

 
 



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The impact of derivative and non-derivative instruments designated as hedges to the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income follow:
 
Gain (loss) recognized in
other comprehensive
(loss) income
 
Location of gain (loss)
reclassified from
Accumulated other
comprehensive loss
 
Gain (loss) reclassified
from Accumulated other
comprehensive loss
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forward starting floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps
$
(36
)
 
$
(4
)
 
Interest expense - net
 
$

 
$

Currency exchange contracts
3

 
(4
)
 
Net sales and Cost of products sold
 
5

 
(16
)
Commodity contracts

 

 
Cost of products sold
 

 

Non-derivative designated as net
investment hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency denominated debt
15

 
47

 
Other income - net
 

 

Total
$
(18
)
 
$
39

 
 
 
$
5

 
$
(16
)

At December 31, 2019, a gain of $2 of estimated unrealized net gains or losses associated with our cash flow hedges were expected to be reclassified to income from Accumulated other comprehensive loss within the next twelve months. These reclassifications relate to our designated foreign currency and commodity hedges that will mature in the next 12 months.

Note 14.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND INVENTORY
Accounts Receivable
Eaton performs ongoing credit evaluation of its customers and maintains sufficient allowances for potential credit losses. The Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable based on the length of time the receivable is past due and any anticipated future write-off based on historic experience. Accounts receivable balances are written off against an allowance for doubtful accounts after a final determination of uncollectability has been made. Accounts receivable are net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $49 and $55 at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
Inventory
Inventory is carried at lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Cost components include raw materials, purchased components, direct labor, indirect labor, utilities, depreciation, inbound freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, warehousing costs, and costs of the distribution network.
The components of inventory follow:
 
2019
 
2018
Raw materials
$
986

 
$
1,077

Work-in-process
640

 
500

Finished goods
1,179

 
1,208

Total inventory
$
2,805

 
$
2,785







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Note 15.
BUSINESS SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC REGION INFORMATION
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. Eaton’s segments are as follows:
Electrical Products and Electrical Systems and Services
The Electrical Products segment consists of electrical components, industrial components, residential products, single phase power quality, emergency lighting, fire detection, wiring devices, structural support systems, circuit protection, and lighting products. The Electrical Systems and Services segment consists of power distribution and assemblies, three phase power quality, hazardous duty electrical equipment, intrinsically safe explosion-proof instrumentation, utility power distribution, power reliability equipment, and services. The principal markets for these segments are industrial, institutional, governmental, utility, commercial, residential and information technology. These products are used wherever there is a demand for electrical power in commercial buildings, data centers, residences, apartment and office buildings, hospitals, factories, utilities, and industrial and energy facilities. The segments share several common global customers, but a large number of customers are located regionally. Sales are made directly to original equipment manufacturers, utilities, and certain other end users, as well as through distributors, resellers, and manufacturers' representatives.
Hydraulics
The Hydraulics segment is a global leader in hydraulics components, systems and services for industrial and mobile equipment. Eaton offers a wide range of power products including pumps, motors and hydraulic power units; a broad range of controls and sensing products including valves, cylinders and electronic controls; a full range of fluid conveyance products including industrial and hydraulic hose, fittings, and assemblies, thermoplastic hose and tubing, couplings, connectors, and assembly equipment; filtration systems solutions; industrial drum and disc brakes; and golf grips. The principal markets for the Hydraulics segment include renewable energy, marine, agriculture, oil and gas, construction, mining, forestry, utility, material handling, truck and bus, machine tools, molding, primary metals, and power generation. Key manufacturing customers in these markets and other customers are located globally. Products are sold and serviced through a variety of channels.
Aerospace
The Aerospace segment is a leading global supplier of aerospace fuel, hydraulics, and pneumatic systems for commercial and military use. Products include hydraulic power generation systems for aerospace applications including pumps, motors, hydraulic power units, hose and fittings, electro-hydraulic pumps; controls and sensing products including valves, cylinders, electronic controls, electromechanical actuators, sensors, aircraft flap and slat systems and nose wheel steering systems; fluid conveyance products, including hose, thermoplastic tubing, fittings, adapters, couplings, sealing and ducting; and fuel systems including fuel pumps, sensors, valves, adapters and regulators. The principal markets for the Aerospace segment are manufacturers of commercial and military aircraft and related after-market customers. These manufacturers and other customers operate globally. Products are sold and serviced through a variety of channels.
Vehicle
The Vehicle segment is a leader in the design, manufacture, marketing, and supply of: drivetrain, powertrain systems and critical components that reduce emissions and improve fuel economy, stability, performance, and safety of cars, light trucks and commercial vehicles. Products include transmissions, clutches, hybrid power systems, superchargers, engine valves and valve actuation systems, cylinder heads, locking and limited slip differentials, transmission controls, and fuel vapor components for the global vehicle industry. The principal markets for the Vehicle segment are original equipment manufacturers and aftermarket customers of heavy-, medium-, and light-duty trucks, SUVs, CUVs, passenger cars and agricultural equipment.
eMobility
The eMobility segment designs, manufactures, markets, and supplies electrical and electronic components and systems that improve the power management and performance of both on-road and off-road vehicles. Products include high voltage inverters, converters, fuses, onboard chargers, circuit protection units, vehicle controls, power distribution, fuel tank isolation valves, and commercial vehicle hybrid systems. The principle markets for the eMobility segment are original equipment manufacturers and aftermarket customers of passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and construction, agriculture, and mining equipment.

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Table of Contents

Other Information
No single customer represented greater than 10% of net sales in 2019, 2018 or 2017, respectively.
The accounting policies of the business segments are generally the same as the policies described in Note 1, except that operating profit only reflects the service cost component and the cost of any special termination benefits related to pensions and other postretirement benefits. Intersegment sales and transfers are accounted for at the same prices as if the sales and transfers were made to third parties. These intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation. Operating profit includes the operating profit from intersegment sales.
For purposes of business segment performance measurement, the Company does not allocate items that are of a non-operating nature or are of a corporate or functional governance nature. Corporate expenses consist of costs associated with acquisitions, divestitures, and gains and losses on the sale of certain businesses, and corporate office expenses including compensation, benefits, occupancy, depreciation, and other administrative costs. Identifiable assets of the business segments exclude goodwill, other intangible assets, and general corporate assets, which principally consist of certain cash, short-term investments, deferred income taxes, certain accounts receivable, certain property, plant and equipment, and certain other assets.
Business Segment Information
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net sales
 
 
 
 
 
Electrical Products
$
7,148

 
$
7,124

 
$
6,917

Electrical Systems and Services
6,287

 
6,024

 
5,666

Hydraulics
2,552

 
2,756

 
2,468

Aerospace
2,044

 
1,896

 
1,744

Vehicle
3,038

 
3,489

 
3,326

eMobility
321

 
320

 
283

Total net sales
$
21,390

 
$
21,609

 
$
20,404

 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment operating profit
 
 
 
 
 
Electrical Products
$
1,390

 
$
1,311

 
$
1,233

Electrical Systems and Services
1,027

 
896

 
770

Hydraulics
286

 
370

 
288

Aerospace
495

 
398

 
332

Vehicle
460

 
611

 
541

eMobility
17

 
44

 
50

Total segment operating profit
3,675

 
3,630

 
3,214

 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of intangible assets
(367
)
 
(382
)
 
(388
)
Interest expense - net
(236
)
 
(271
)
 
(246
)
Pension and other postretirement benefits expense
(12
)
 
(1
)
 
(45
)
Gain on sale of business

 

 
1,077

Arbitration decision expense

 
(275
)
 

Other corporate expense - net
(469
)
 
(277
)
 
(244
)
Income before income taxes
2,591

 
2,424

 
3,368

Income tax expense
378

 
278

 
382

Net income
2,213

 
2,146

 
2,986

Less net income for noncontrolling interests
(2
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
$
2,211

 
$
2,145

 
$
2,985





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Table of Contents

 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Identifiable assets
 
 
 
 
 
Electrical Products
$
2,201

 
$
2,451

 
$
2,446

Electrical Systems and Services
2,532

 
2,243

 
2,141

Hydraulics
1,439

 
1,473

 
1,345

Aerospace
1,362

 
935

 
938

Vehicle
2,145

 
2,289

 
2,367

eMobility
141

 
139

 
136

Total identifiable assets
9,820

 
9,530

 
9,373

Goodwill
13,456

 
13,328

 
13,568

Other intangible assets
4,638

 
4,846

 
5,265

Corporate
3,514

 
3,388

 
4,417

Assets held for sale
1,377

 

 

Total assets
$
32,805

 
$
31,092

 
$
32,623

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment
 
 
 
 
 
Electrical Products
$
162

 
$
135

 
$
130

Electrical Systems and Services
108

 
101

 
83

Hydraulics
90

 
106

 
96

Aerospace
47

 
38

 
37

Vehicle
127

 
143

 
141

eMobility
8

 
4

 
4

Total
542

 
527

 
491

Corporate
45

 
38

 
29

Total expenditures for property, plant and equipment
$
587

 
$
565

 
$
520

 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
 
 
 
 
 
Electrical Products
$
126

 
$
136

 
$
138

Electrical Systems and Services
87

 
85

 
83

Hydraulics
66

 
64

 
61

Aerospace
27

 
26

 
26

Vehicle
102

 
104

 
109

eMobility
5

 
5

 
5

Total
413

 
420

 
422

Corporate
52

 
53

 
54

Total depreciation of property, plant and equipment
$
465

 
$
473

 
$
476



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Table of Contents

Geographic Region Information
Net sales are measured based on the geographic destination of sales. Long-lived assets consist of property, plant and equipment - net.
 
2019

2018

2017
Net sales
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
12,336

 
$
12,034

 
$
11,222

Canada
941

 
931

 
942

Latin America
1,312

 
1,442

 
1,485

Europe
4,311

 
4,553

 
4,394

Asia Pacific
2,490

 
2,649

 
2,361

Total
$
21,390

 
$
21,609

 
$
20,404

 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-lived assets
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
1,821

 
$
1,898

 
$
1,872

Canada
24

 
20

 
20

Latin America
316

 
286

 
290

Europe
797

 
723

 
769

Asia Pacific
538

 
540

 
551

Total
$
3,496

 
$
3,467

 
$
3,502




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Table of Contents

Note 16.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Registered Senior Notes issued by Eaton Corporation are registered under the Securities Act of 1933. Eaton and certain of Eaton's 100% owned direct and indirect subsidiaries (the Guarantors) fully and unconditionally guaranteed (subject, in the case of the Guarantors, other than Eaton, to customary release provisions as described below), on a joint and several basis, the Registered Senior Notes. The following condensed consolidating financial statements are included so that separate financial statements of Eaton, Eaton Corporation and each of the Guarantors are not required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The consolidating adjustments primarily relate to eliminations of investments in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions. The condensed consolidating financial statements present investments in subsidiaries using the equity method of accounting. See Note 6 for additional information related to the Registered Senior Notes.
The guarantee of a Guarantor that is not a parent of the issuer will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged in the event of any sale of the Guarantor or of all or substantially all of its assets, or in connection with the release or termination of the Guarantor as a guarantor under all other U.S. debt securities or U.S. syndicated credit facilities, subject to limitations set forth in the indenture. The guarantee of a Guarantor that is a direct or indirect parent of the issuer will only be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged in connection with the release or termination of such Guarantor as a guarantor under all other debt securities or syndicated credit facilities (in both cases, U.S. or otherwise), subject to limitations set forth in the indenture.
During 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company undertook certain steps to restructure ownership of various subsidiaries. The transactions were entirely among wholly-owned subsidiaries under the common control of Eaton. These restructurings have been reflected as of the beginning of the earliest period presented below.
CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019
 
Eaton
Corporation
plc
 
Eaton
Corporation
 

Guarantors
 
Other
subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
adjustments
 
Total
Net sales
$

 
$
7,322

 
$
6,995

 
$
12,101

 
$
(5,028
)
 
$
21,390

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold

 
5,646

 
5,073

 
8,651

 
(5,032
)
 
14,338

Selling and administrative expense
11

 
1,480

 
780

 
1,312

 

 
3,583

Research and development expense

 
141

 
140

 
325

 

 
606

Interest expense (income) - net

 
248

 
19

 
(29
)
 
(2
)
 
236

Other expense (income) - net
(12
)
 
16

 
(8
)
 
40

 

 
36

Equity in loss (earnings) of
   subsidiaries, net of tax
(2,423
)
 
(593
)
 
(2,492
)
 
(2,563
)
 
8,071

 

Intercompany expense (income) - net
213

 
1

 
520

 
(734
)
 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes
2,211

 
383

 
2,963

 
5,099

 
(8,065
)
 
2,591

Income tax expense (benefit)

 
3

 
135

 
239

 
1

 
378

Net income (loss)
2,211

 
380

 
2,828

 
4,860

 
(8,066
)
 
2,213

Less net loss (income) for
   noncontrolling interests

 

 

 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Net income (loss) attributable to
   Eaton ordinary shareholders
$
2,211

 
$
380

 
$
2,828

 
$
4,858

 
$
(8,066
)
 
$
2,211

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(145
)
 
(6
)
 
(109
)
 
(312
)
 
427

 
(145
)
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Eaton
   ordinary shareholders
$
2,066

 
$
374

 
$
2,719

 
$
4,546

 
$
(7,639
)
 
$
2,066


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Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018
 
Eaton
Corporation
plc
 
Eaton
Corporation
 

Guarantors
 
Other
subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
adjustments
 
Total
Net sales
$

 
$
7,395

 
$
6,875

 
$
12,649

 
$
(5,310
)
 
$
21,609

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold

 
5,805

 
5,012

 
9,011

 
(5,317
)
 
14,511

Selling and administrative expense
10

 
1,451

 
756

 
1,331

 

 
3,548

Research and development expense

 
151

 
146

 
287

 

 
584

Interest expense (income) - net

 
273

 
15

 
(18
)
 
1

 
271

Arbitration decision expense

 

 
275

 

 

 
275

Other expense (income) - net
(29
)
 
55

 
22

 
(52
)
 

 
(4
)
Equity in loss (earnings) of
   subsidiaries, net of tax
(2,302
)
 
(716
)
 
(2,867
)
 
(2,338
)
 
8,223

 

Intercompany expense (income) - net
176

 
133

 
1,022

 
(1,331
)
 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes
2,145

 
243

 
2,494

 
5,759

 
(8,217
)
 
2,424

Income tax expense (benefit)

 
1

 
28

 
248

 
1

 
278

Net income (loss)
2,145

 
242

 
2,466

 
5,511

 
(8,218
)
 
2,146

Less net loss (income) for
   noncontrolling interests

 

 

 
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Net income (loss) attributable to
   Eaton ordinary shareholders
$
2,145

 
$
242

 
$
2,466

 
$
5,510

 
$
(8,218
)
 
$
2,145

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(741
)
 
(162
)
 
(765
)
 
(1,565
)
 
2,492

 
(741
)
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Eaton
   ordinary shareholders
$
1,404

 
$
80

 
$
1,701

 
$
3,945

 
$
(5,726
)
 
$
1,404




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CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017
 
Eaton
Corporation
plc
 
Eaton
Corporation
 

Guarantors
 
Other
subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
adjustments
 
Total
Net sales
$

 
$
6,900

 
$
6,563

 
$
12,358

 
$
(5,417
)
 
$
20,404

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold

 
5,434

 
4,840

 
8,895

 
(5,413
)
 
13,756

Selling and administrative expense
11

 
1,387

 
768

 
1,360

 

 
3,526

Research and development expense

 
183

 
176

 
225

 

 
584

Interest expense (income) - net

 
244

 
20

 
(20
)
 
2

 
246

Gain on sale of business

 
561

 

 
516

 

 
1,077

Other expense (income) - net
79

 
48

 
(76
)
 
(50
)
 

 
1

Equity in loss (earnings) of
   subsidiaries, net of tax
(3,644
)
 
(1,644
)
 
(5,063
)
 
(3,832
)
 
14,183

 

Intercompany expense (income) - net
569

 
(309
)
 
794

 
(1,054
)
 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes
2,985

 
2,118

 
5,104

 
7,350

 
(14,189
)
 
3,368

Income tax expense (benefit)

 
337

 
(52
)
 
99

 
(2
)
 
382

Net income (loss)
2,985

 
1,781

 
5,156

 
7,251

 
(14,187
)
 
2,986

Less net loss (income) for
   noncontrolling interests

 

 

 
(3
)
 
2

 
(1
)
Net income (loss) attributable to
   Eaton ordinary shareholders
$
2,985

 
$
1,781

 
$
5,156

 
$
7,248

 
$
(14,185
)
 
$
2,985

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
1,044

 
104

 
1,021

 
2,252

 
(3,377
)
 
1,044

Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Eaton
   ordinary shareholders
$
4,029

 
$
1,885

 
$
6,177

 
$
9,500

 
$
(17,562
)
 
$
4,029




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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 
Eaton
Corporation
plc
 
Eaton
Corporation
 

Guarantors
 
Other
subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
adjustments
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
$

 
$
27

 
$

 
$
343

 
$

 
$
370

Short-term investments

 

 

 
221

 

 
221

Accounts receivable - net

 
460

 
982

 
1,995

 

 
3,437

Intercompany accounts receivable
9

 
937

 
1,848

 
1,683

 
(4,477
)
 

Inventory

 
596

 
672

 
1,609

 
(72
)
 
2,805

Assets held for sale

 

 
1,211

 
166

 

 
1,377

Prepaid expenses and other
   current assets

 
106

 
28

 
371

 
13

 
518

Total current assets
9

 
2,126

 
4,741

 
6,388

 
(4,536
)
 
8,728

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment - net

 
854

 
563

 
2,079

 

 
3,496

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other noncurrent assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill

 
1,742

 
5,839

 
5,875

 

 
13,456

Other intangible assets

 
302

 
2,406

 
1,930

 

 
4,638

Operating lease assets

 
173

 
31

 
232

 

 
436

Deferred income taxes

 
250

 
74

 
279

 
(231
)
 
372

Investment in subsidiaries
17,195

 
10,610

 
58,610

 
23,019

 
(109,434
)
 

Intercompany loans receivable

 
2,643

 
2,983

 
38,671

 
(44,297
)
 

Other assets

 
817

 
129

 
733

 

 
1,679

Total assets
$
17,204

 
$
19,517

 
$
75,376

 
$
79,206

 
$
(158,498
)
 
$
32,805

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and shareholders’
   equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term debt
$

 
$
255

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
255

Current portion of long-term debt

 
4

 
242

 
2

 

 
248

Accounts payable

 
529

 
340

 
1,245

 

 
2,114

Intercompany accounts payable
25

 
953

 
2,275

 
1,224

 
(4,477
)
 

Accrued compensation

 
113

 
58

 
278

 

 
449

Liabilities held for sale

 

 
232

 
93

 

 
325

Other current liabilities
1

 
531

 
400

 
809

 

 
1,741

Total current liabilities
26

 
2,385

 
3,547

 
3,651

 
(4,477
)
 
5,132

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncurrent liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt

 
5,886

 
1,921

 
12

 

 
7,819

Pension liabilities

 
420

 
122

 
920

 

 
1,462

Other postretirement benefits
   liabilities

 
172

 
80

 
76

 

 
328

Operating lease liabilities

 
128

 
21

 
182

 

 
331

Deferred income taxes

 

 
432

 
195

 
(231
)
 
396

Intercompany loans payable
1,096

 
5,120

 
36,000

 
2,081

 
(44,297
)
 

Other noncurrent liabilities

 
570

 
272

 
362

 

 
1,204

Total noncurrent liabilities
1,096

 
12,296

 
38,848

 
3,828

 
(44,528
)
 
11,540

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shareholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eaton shareholders’ equity
16,082

 
4,836

 
32,981

 
71,676

 
(109,493
)
 
16,082

Noncontrolling interests

 

 

 
51

 

 
51

Total equity
16,082

 
4,836

 
32,981

 
71,727

 
(109,493
)
 
16,133

Total liabilities and equity
$
17,204

 
$
19,517

 
$
75,376

 
$
79,206

 
$
(158,498
)
 
$
32,805


75

Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 2018
 
Eaton
Corporation
plc
 
Eaton
Corporation
 

Guarantors
 
Other
subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
adjustments
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Current assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
$
1

 
$
21

 
$
1

 
$
260

 
$

 
$
283

Short-term investments

 

 

 
157

 

 
157

Accounts receivable - net

 
501

 
1,381

 
1,976

 

 
3,858

Intercompany accounts receivable

 
2,457

 
1,877

 
2,159

 
(6,493
)
 

Inventory

 
592

 
714

 
1,555

 
(76
)
 
2,785

Prepaid expenses and other
   current assets

 
109

 
29

 
355

 
14

 
507

Total current assets
1

 
3,680

 
4,002

 
6,462

 
(6,555
)
 
7,590

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment - net

 
858

 
663

 
1,946

 

 
3,467

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other noncurrent assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Goodwill

 
1,742

 
6,293

 
5,293

 

 
13,328

Other intangible assets

 
322

 
2,860

 
1,664

 

 
4,846

Deferred income taxes

 
252

 
134

 
287

 
(380
)
 
293

Investment in subsidiaries
16,476

 
13,101

 
68,196

 
32,625

 
(130,398
)
 

Intercompany loans receivable
1,508

 
2,208

 
8,406

 
39,757

 
(51,879
)
 

Other assets

 
758

 
115

 
695

 

 
1,568

Total assets
$
17,985

 
$
22,921

 
$
90,669

 
$
88,729

 
$
(189,212
)
 
$
31,092

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and shareholders’
   equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term debt
$

 
$
388

 
$

 
$
26

 
$

 
$
414

Current portion of long-term debt

 
338

 

 
1

 

 
339

Accounts payable

 
515

 
397

 
1,218

 

 
2,130

Intercompany accounts payable
32

 
1,718

 
2,864

 
1,879

 
(6,493
)
 

Accrued compensation

 
139

 
67

 
251

 

 
457

Other current liabilities
30

 
536

 
386

 
864

 
(2
)
 
1,814

Total current liabilities
62

 
3,634

 
3,714

 
4,239

 
(6,495
)
 
5,154

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncurrent liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt

 
5,814

 
945

 
7

 
2

 
6,768

Pension liabilities

 
391

 
122

 
791

 

 
1,304

Other postretirement benefits
   liabilities

 
168

 
81

 
72

 

 
321

Deferred income taxes

 
1

 
553

 
175

 
(380
)
 
349

Intercompany loans payable
1,816

 
7,681

 
39,552

 
2,830

 
(51,879
)
 

Other noncurrent liabilities

 
391

 
290

 
373

 

 
1,054

Total noncurrent liabilities
1,816

 
14,446

 
41,543

 
4,248

 
(52,257
)
 
9,796

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shareholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eaton shareholders’ equity
16,107

 
4,841

 
45,412

 
80,207

 
(130,460
)
 
16,107

Noncontrolling interests

 

 

 
35

 

 
35

Total equity
16,107

 
4,841

 
45,412

 
80,242

 
(130,460
)
 
16,142

Total liabilities and equity
$
17,985

 
$
22,921

 
$
90,669

 
$
88,729

 
$
(189,212
)
 
$
31,092





76

Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
DECEMBER 31, 2019

 
Eaton
Corporation
plc
 
Eaton
Corporation
 

Guarantors
 
Other
subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
adjustments
 
Total
Net cash provided by (used in)
   operating activities
$
(78
)
 
$
1,316

 
$
652

 
$
1,561

 
$

 
$
3,451

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures for property,
   plant and equipment

 
(101
)
 
(114
)
 
(372
)
 

 
(587
)
Cash paid for acquisitions of
   businesses, net of cash acquired

 
(152
)
 
(30
)
 
(998
)
 

 
(1,180
)
Payments for sale of a business

 

 

 
(36
)
 

 
(36
)
Sales (purchases) of short-term investments - net

 

 

 
(70
)
 

 
(70
)
Loans to affiliates

 
(470
)
 
(811
)
 
(8,440
)
 
9,721

 

Repayments of loans from affiliates

 
841

 

 
6,830

 
(7,671
)
 

Proceeds from (payments for) settlement of currency exchange contracts not designated as hedges - net

 
3

 

 
51

 

 
54

Other - net

 
(32
)
 
29

 
(44
)
 

 
(47
)
Net cash provided by (used in)
    investing activities

 
89

 
(926
)
 
(3,079
)
 
2,050

 
(1,866
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from borrowings

 

 
1,232

 

 

 
1,232

Payments on borrowings

 
(474
)
 

 
(33
)
 

 
(507
)
Proceeds from borrowings from
   affiliates
2,426

 
5,341

 
673

 
1,281

 
(9,721
)
 

Payments on borrowings from
   affiliates
(185
)
 
(6,286
)
 
(459
)
 
(741
)
 
7,671

 

Other intercompany financing
   activities

 
51

 
(1,162
)
 
1,111

 

 

Cash dividends paid
(1,201
)
 

 

 

 

 
(1,201
)
Exercise of employee stock options
66

 

 

 

 

 
66

Repurchase of shares
(1,029
)
 

 

 

 

 
(1,029
)
Employee taxes paid from shares
   withheld

 
(31
)
 
(5
)
 
(10
)
 

 
(46
)
Other - net

 

 
(6
)
 
(3
)
 

 
(9
)
Net cash provided by (used in)
   financing activities
77

 
(1,399
)
 
273

 
1,605

 
(2,050
)
 
(1,494
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effect of currency on cash

 

 

 
(4
)
 

 
(4
)
Total increase (decrease) in cash
(1
)
 
6

 
(1
)
 
83

 

 
87

Cash at the beginning of the period
1

 
21

 
1

 
260

 

 
283

Cash at the end of the period
$

 
$
27

 
$

 
$
343

 
$

 
$
370


77

Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
DECEMBER 31, 2018
 
Eaton
Corporation
plc
 
Eaton
Corporation
 

Guarantors
 
Other
subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
adjustments
 
Total
Net cash provided by (used in)
   operating activities
$
(26
)
 
$
(84
)
 
$
220

 
$
2,643

 
$
(95
)
 
$
2,658

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures for property,
   plant and equipment

 
(98
)
 
(91
)
 
(376
)
 

 
(565
)
Sales (purchases) of short-term investments - net

 

 

 
355

 

 
355

Investments in affiliates
(4
)
 
(36
)
 

 

 
40

 

Loans to affiliates

 
(100
)
 
(84
)
 
(6,442
)
 
6,626

 

Repayments of loans from affiliates

 
647

 
1,044

 
4,455

 
(6,146
)
 

Proceeds from (payments for) settlement of currency exchange contracts not designated as hedges - net

 
11

 

 
(121
)
 

 
(110
)
Other - net

 
(78
)
 
23

 
(23
)
 

 
(78
)
Net cash provided by (used in)
    investing activities
(4
)
 
346

 
892

 
(2,152
)
 
520

 
(398
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from borrowings

 
388

 

 
22

 

 
410

Payments on borrowings

 
(538
)
 
(35
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(574
)
Proceeds from borrowings from
   affiliates
3,756

 
2,452

 
318

 
100

 
(6,626
)
 

Payments on borrowings from
   affiliates
(1,334
)
 
(3,178
)
 
(710
)
 
(924
)
 
6,146

 

Capital contributions from affiliates

 

 

 
40

 
(40
)
 

Other intercompany financing
   activities

 
463

 
(692
)
 
229

 

 

Cash dividends paid
(1,149
)
 

 

 

 

 
(1,149
)
Cash dividends paid to affiliates

 

 

 
(95
)
 
95

 

Exercise of employee stock options
29

 

 

 

 

 
29

Repurchase of shares
(1,271
)
 

 

 

 

 
(1,271
)
Employee taxes paid from shares
   withheld

 
(16
)
 
(5
)
 
(3
)
 

 
(24
)
Other - net

 
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
 

 
(2
)
Net cash provided by (used in)
   financing activities
31

 
(430
)
 
(1,124
)
 
(633
)
 
(425
)
 
(2,581
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effect of currency on cash

 

 

 
43

 

 
43

Total increase (decrease) in cash
1

 
(168
)
 
(12
)
 
(99
)
 

 
(278
)
Cash at the beginning of the period

 
189

 
13

 
359

 

 
561

Cash at the end of the period
$
1

 
$
21

 
$
1

 
$
260

 
$

 
$
283




78

Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
DECEMBER 31, 2017
 
Eaton
Corporation
plc
 
Eaton
Corporation
 

Guarantors
 
Other
subsidiaries
 
Consolidating
adjustments
 
Total
Net cash provided by (used in)
   operating activities
$
258

 
$
(470
)
 
$
15

 
$
4,472

 
$
(1,609
)
 
$
2,666

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures for property,
   plant and equipment

 
(92
)
 
(110
)
 
(318
)
 

 
(520
)
Proceeds from the sales
   of businesses

 
338

 

 
269

 

 
607

Cash received from sales (paid for
   acquisitions) of affiliates

 

 
(92
)
 
92

 

 

Sales (purchases) of short-term
   investments - net

 

 

 
(298
)
 

 
(298
)
Investments in affiliates
(190
)
 
(108
)
 

 
(90
)
 
388

 

Return of investments in affiliates

 

 
90

 

 
(90
)
 

Loans to affiliates

 
(443
)
 
(415
)
 
(6,309
)
 
7,167

 

Repayments of loans from affiliates

 
303

 
385

 
3,478

 
(4,166
)
 

Other - net

 
(45
)
 
10

 
29

 

 
(6
)
Net cash provided by (used in)
   investing activities
(190
)
 
(47
)
 
(132
)
 
(3,147
)
 
3,299

 
(217
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from borrowings

 
1,000

 

 

 

 
1,000

Payments on borrowings

 
(1,250
)
 
(297
)
 
(7
)
 

 
(1,554
)
Proceeds from borrowings from
   affiliates
2,605

 
3,129

 
991

 
442

 
(7,167
)
 

Payments on borrowings from
   affiliates
(822
)
 
(2,904
)
 
(353
)
 
(87
)
 
4,166

 

Capital contribution from affiliates

 

 
90

 
298

 
(388
)
 

Return of capital to affiliates

 

 

 
(90
)
 
90

 

Other intercompany financing
   activities

 
652

 
500

 
(1,152
)
 

 

Cash dividends paid
(1,068
)
 

 

 

 

 
(1,068
)
Cash dividends paid to affiliates

 

 
(800
)
 
(809
)
 
1,609

 

Exercise of employee stock options
66

 

 

 

 

 
66

Repurchase of shares
(850
)
 

 

 

 

 
(850
)
Employee taxes paid from shares
   withheld

 
(15
)
 
(4
)
 
(3
)
 

 
(22
)
Other - net

 
(8
)
 
(1
)
 
(5
)
 

 
(14
)
Net cash provided by (used in)
   financing activities
(69
)
 
604

 
126

 
(1,413
)
 
(1,690
)
 
(2,442
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effect of currency on cash

 

 

 
11

 

 
11

Total increase (decrease) in cash
(1
)
 
87

 
9

 
(77
)
 

 
18

Cash at the beginning of the period
1

 
102

 
4

 
436

 

 
543

Cash at the end of the period
$

 
$
189


$
13


$
359


$

 
$
561




79

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
Amounts are in millions of dollars or shares unless indicated otherwise (per share data assume dilution).
COMPANY OVERVIEW
Eaton Corporation plc (Eaton or the Company) is a power management company with 2019 net sales of $21.4 billion. Eaton’s mission is to improve the quality of life and the environment through the use of power management technologies and services. We provide sustainable solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power – more safely, more efficiently and more reliably. Eaton has approximately 101,000 employees in 60 countries and sells products to customers in more than 175 countries.
Summary of Results of Operations
During 2019, the Company’s results of operations were impacted by negative currency translation and weaker than expected growth in the Company’s end markets, particularly in the second half of 2019. Despite the declining market conditions and unfavorable impact of currency translation, the Company generated solid operating margins and Net income per ordinary share.
On April 15, 2019, Eaton completed the acquisition of an 82.275% controlling interest in Ulusoy Elektrik Imalat Taahhut ve Ticaret A.S. (Ulusoy Elektrik), a leading manufacturer of electrical switchgear based in Ankara, Turkey, with a primary focus on medium voltage solutions for industrial and utility customers. Its sales for the 12 months ended September 30, 2018 were $126. The purchase price for the shares was $214 on a cash and debt free basis. As required by the Turkish capital markets legislation, Eaton filed an application to execute a mandatory tender offer for the remaining shares shortly after the transaction closed. During the tender offer, Eaton purchased additional shares for $33 through July 2019 to increase its ownership interest to 93.7%. Ulusoy Elektrik is reported within the Electrical Systems and Services business segment.
On July 19, 2019, Eaton acquired Innovative Switchgear Solutions, Inc. (ISG), a specialty manufacturer of medium-voltage electrical equipment serving the North American utility, commercial and industrial markets. Its 2018 sales were approximately $18. ISG is reported within the Electrical Systems and Services business segment.
On December 20, 2019, Eaton acquired the Souriau-Sunbank Connection Technologies (Souriau-Sunbank) business of TransDigm Group Inc. for a cash purchase price of $903, net of cash received. Headquartered in Versailles, France, Souriau-Sunbank is a global leader in highly engineered electrical interconnect solutions for harsh environments in the aerospace, defense, industrial, energy, and transport markets. Its sales for the 12 months ended June 30, 2019 were $363. Souriau-Sunbank is reported within the Aerospace business segment.
On December 31, 2019, Eaton sold its Automotive Fluid Conveyance Business. The transaction resulted in a pre-tax loss of $66 which was recorded in Other expense (income) - net. This business was reported within the Vehicle business segment.
On October 15, 2019, Eaton entered into an agreement to sell its Lighting business to Signify N.V. for a cash purchase price of $1.4 billion. The Lighting business, which had sales of $1.6 billion in 2019 as part of the Electrical Products business segment, serves customers in commercial, industrial, residential and municipal markets. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company determined the Lighting business met the criteria to be classified as held for sale. Therefore, its assets and liabilities have been presented as held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2019. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. There was no write-down as fair value of the Lighting business assets less costs to sell exceeded carrying value. Depreciation and amortization expense is not recorded for the period in which Other long-lived assets are classified as held for sale. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals and is expected to close in the first quarter of 2020.
On January 21, 2020, Eaton entered into an agreement to sell its Hydraulics business to Danfoss A/S, a Danish industrial company, for $3.3 billion in cash. Eaton’s Hydraulics business, which accounted for 86% of Eaton’s Hydraulics segment revenue in 2019, is a global leader in hydraulics components, systems, and services for industrial and mobile equipment. The business had sales of $2.2 billion in 2019. Eaton is retaining the Filtration and Golf Grip businesses currently reported in the company’s Hydraulics segment. Eaton expects the Hydraulics business to be classified as held for sale during the first quarter of 2020. The Hydraulics business did not meet the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations as the sale does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company's operations. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals and is expected to close by the end of 2020.
On February 25, 2020, Eaton completed the acquisition of Power Distribution, Inc. a leading supplier of mission critical power distribution, static switching, and power monitoring equipment and services for data centers and industrial and commercial customers. The company is headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, and had 2019 sales of $125. Power Distribution, Inc. will be reported within the Electrical Systems and Services business segment.

80

Table of Contents

During 2018, the Company's results of operations delivered strong sales growth as major global end markets expanded.
As discussed in Note 8, certain Eaton subsidiaries acquired in the 2012 acquisition of Cooper Industries have been ordered to pay $293 by an arbitration panel. The panel’s award, issued on August 23, 2018, relate to claims brought by Pepsi-Cola Metropolitan Bottling Company, Inc. (“Pepsi”) in 2011. A Texas state court confirmed the arbitration award at the confirmation hearing, which was held on October 12, 2018. On November 2, 2018, the Company appealed. On November 28, 2018, the Company paid the full judgment plus accrued post-judgment interest to Pneumo Abex and preserved its rights, including to pursue the appeal, which is pending. The impact of the arbitration award was an after-tax expense of $206 in the third quarter of 2018, reducing earnings per share by $0.48.
During 2017, the Company's results of operations returned to solid growth as global end markets expanded, particularly in the second half of 2017. During the year, the Company completed its multi-year restructuring program, reducing its cost structure and expanding operating margins.
On July 31, 2017, Eaton sold a 50% interest in its heavy-duty and medium-duty commercial vehicle automated transmission business for $600 in cash to Cummins, Inc. The Company recognized a pre-tax gain of $1,077, of which $533 related to the pre-tax gain from the $600 proceeds from the sale and $544 related to the Company’s remaining 50% investment in the joint venture being remeasured to fair value. The after-tax gain was $843. Eaton accounts for its investment on the equity method of accounting.
The tax rate for 2017 includes a tax benefit of $62 related to the United States Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The tax benefit of $62 related to the TCJA is comprised of a tax benefit of $79 for adjusting deferred tax assets and liabilities, offset by a tax expense of $17 for the taxation of unremitted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries owned directly or indirectly by U.S. subsidiaries of Eaton.
Additional information related to acquisitions and divestitures of businesses, and the arbitration decision expense, is presented in Note 2 and Note 8, respectively, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
A summary of Eaton’s Net sales, Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders, and Net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders - diluted follows:
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net sales
$
21,390

 
$
21,609

 
$
20,404

Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
2,211

 
2,145

 
2,985

Net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders - diluted
$
5.25

 
$
4.91

 
$
6.68


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following discussion of Consolidated Financial Results and Business Segment Results of Operations includes certain non-GAAP financial measures. These financial measures include adjusted earnings, adjusted earnings per ordinary share, and operating profit before acquisition integration and divestiture charges for each business segment as well as corporate, each of which differs from the most directly comparable measure calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). A reconciliation of adjusted earnings and adjusted earnings per ordinary share to the most directly comparable GAAP measure is included in the table below. Operating profit before acquisition integration and divestiture charges is reconciled in the discussion of the operating results of each business segment, and excludes acquisition integration and divestiture expense related primarily to the planned divestiture of the Lighting business and the acquisitions of Ulusoy Elektrik, ISG and Souriau-Sunbank discussed in Note 2. Management believes that these financial measures are useful to investors because they exclude certain transactions, allowing investors to more easily compare Eaton’s financial performance period to period. Management uses this information in monitoring and evaluating the on-going performance of Eaton and each business segment.

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Acquisition Integration and Divestiture Charges
Eaton incurs integration charges and transaction costs to acquire businesses, and transaction and other charges to divest and exit businesses. A summary of these charges follows:
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Electrical Products
$
21

 
$

 
$
4

Electrical Systems and Services
14

 

 

Aerospace
1

 

 

Total business segments
36

 

 
4

Corporate
162

 

 

   Total acquisition integration, divestiture charges and transaction costs
before income taxes
198

 

 
4

Income taxes
24

 

 
2

   Total after income taxes
$
174

 
$

 
$
2

Per ordinary share - diluted
$
0.42

 
$

 
$

Business segment charges in 2019 related to the planned divestiture of the Lighting business and the acquisitions of Ulusoy Elektrik, ISG and Souriau-Sunbank, and were included in Cost of products sold, Selling and administrative expense or Research and development expense. Business segment acquisition integration charges in 2017 related to the integration of Ephesus Lighting, Inc. (Ephesus), which was acquired in 2015. The charges associated with Ephesus were included in Selling and administrative expense. In Business Segment Information in Note 15, the charges reduced Operating profit of the related business segment.
Corporate charges in 2019 are primarily related to the planned divestiture of the Lighting business, the loss on the sale of the Automotive Fluid Conveyance business, and other charges to exit businesses, and were included in Selling and administrative expense and Other (income) expense-net. In Business Segment Information in Note 15, the charges were included in Other corporate expense - net.
Consolidated Financial Results
 
2019
 
Change
from 2018
 
2018
 
Change
from 2017
 
2017
Net sales
$
21,390

 
(1
)%
 
$
21,609

 
6
 %
 
$
20,404

Gross profit
7,052

 
(1
)%
 
7,098

 
7
 %
 
6,648

Percent of net sales
33.0
%
 
 
 
32.8
%
 
 
 
32.6
%
Income before income taxes
2,591

 
7
 %
 
2,424

 
(28
)%
 
3,368

Net income
2,213

 
3
 %
 
2,146

 
(28
)%
 
2,986

Less net income for noncontrolling interests
(2
)
 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
(1
)
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
2,211

 
3
 %
 
2,145

 
(28
)%
 
2,985

Excluding acquisition integration and divestiture charges,
   after-tax
174

 
 
 

 
 
 
2

Adjusted earnings
$
2,385

 
11
 %
 
$
2,145

 
(28
)%
 
$
2,987

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders - diluted
$
5.25

 
7
 %
 
$
4.91

 
(26
)%
 
$
6.68

Excluding per share impact of acquisition integration and divestiture charges, after-tax
0.42

 
 
 

 
 
 

Adjusted earnings per ordinary share
$
5.67

 
15
 %
 
$
4.91

 
(26
)%
 
$
6.68

Net Sales
Net sales in 2019 decreased by 1% compared to 2018 due to a decrease of 1% from the impact of negative currency translation. Net sales in 2018 increased by 6% compared to 2017 due to an increase of 6% in organic sales. The increase in organic sales in 2018 was primarily due to higher sales volumes in all business segments.

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Gross Profit
Gross profit margin increased from 32.8% in 2018 to 33.0% in 2019. The increase in gross profit margin in 2019 was primarily due to higher sales volumes and other operating improvements in Electrical Products and Electrical Systems and Services business segments, and higher sales volumes and favorable product mix in the Aerospace business segment, partially offset by lower sales volumes in the Hydraulics and Vehicle business segments and the charge for the expected warranty costs in the Vehicle business segment to correct the performance of a product which incorporated a defective part from a supplier. Gross profit increased from 32.6% in 2017 to 32.8% in 2018. The increase in gross profit margin in 2018 was primarily due to higher sales volumes, savings from restructuring actions, and lower restructuring charges, partially offset by commodity inflation and increased freight costs.
Income Taxes
During 2019, income tax expense of $378 was recognized (an effective tax rate of 14.6%) compared to income tax expense of $278 in 2018 (an effective tax rate of 11.5%) and income tax expense of $382 in 2017 (an effective tax rate of 11.3%). The 2018 effective tax rate includes a tax benefit of $69 on the arbitration decision expense discussed in Note 8. The 2017 effective tax rate includes tax expense of $234 on the gain related to the sale of business discussed in Note 2 and a tax benefit of $62 related to the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). Excluding the impacts of the 2018 arbitration decision, the 2017 sale of business, and the 2017 TCJA, the effective tax rate was 12.8% in 2018 and 9.2% in 2017. The increase in the tax rate from 12.8% in 2018 to 14.6% in 2019 was primarily due to greater levels of income in higher tax jurisdictions. The increase from 9.2% in 2017 compared to 12.8% in 2018 was due to greater levels of income in higher tax jurisdictions and an increase in tax contingencies offset by net decreases of related valuation allowances.
Net Income
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders of $2,211 in 2019 increased 3% compared to $2,145 in 2018. Net income in 2018 included after-tax expense of $206 from the arbitration decision discussed in Note 8. Excluding the arbitration decision, the decrease in 2019 net income was primarily due to higher acquisition integration and divestiture charges and a higher effective income tax rate. Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders of $2,145 in 2018 decreased 28% compared to $2,985 in 2017. Net income in 2017 included $843 from the after-tax gain on the sale of the business discussed in Note 2 and $62 of income from the new U.S. tax bill discussed in Note 9. Excluding these items and the 2018 arbitration decision, the increase in 2018 net income was primarily due to higher sales volumes, savings from restructuring actions, and lower restructuring charges, partially offset by commodity inflation and increased freight costs.
Net income per ordinary share increased to $5.25 in 2019 compared to $4.91 in 2018. Net income per ordinary share in 2018 included an unfavorable $0.48 from the arbitration decision expense discussed in Note 8. Excluding the arbitration decision, the decrease in net income per ordinary share was primarily due to lower Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders, partially offset by the Company's share repurchases over the past year. Net income per ordinary share decreased to $4.91 in 2018 compared to $6.68 in 2017. Net income per ordinary share in 2017 included $1.89 from the gain on the sale of business discussed in Note 2 and $0.14 income from the 2017 U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act discussed in Note 9. Excluding these items and the 2018 arbitration decision, Net income per ordinary share increased in 2018 due to higher Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders and the Company's share repurchases over the past year.
Adjusted Earnings
Adjusted earnings of $2,385 in 2019 increased 11% compared to Adjusted earnings of $2,145 in 2018. The increase in Adjusted earnings in 2019 was primarily due to higher Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders excluding higher acquisition integration and divestiture charges. There were no acquisition integration charges in 2018 and $2 in 2017 after-tax, which resulted in the same percent change for both Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders and Adjusted earnings from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted earnings per ordinary share increased to $5.67 in 2019 compared to $4.91 in 2018. The increase in Adjusted earnings per ordinary share in 2019 was due to higher Adjusted earnings and the impact of the Company's share repurchases over the past year. There was no impact of excluding the acquisition integration and divestiture charges per share from Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders to arrive at Adjusted earnings per ordinary share for 2018 and 2017.
Business Segment Results of Operations
The following is a discussion of Net sales, operating profit and operating profit margin by business segment, which includes a discussion of operating profit and operating profit margin before acquisition integration and divestiture charges. For additional information related to acquisition integration and divestiture charges, see Non-GAAP Financial Measures section.

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Electrical Products
 
2019
 
Change
from 2018
 
2018
 
Change
from 2017
 
2017
Net sales
$
7,148

 
%
 
$
7,124

 
3
%
 
$
6,917

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit
$
1,390

 
6
%
 
$
1,311

 
6
%
 
$
1,233

Operating margin
19.4
%
 
 
 
18.4
%
 
 
 
17.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition integration and divestiture charges
$
21

 
 
 
$

 
 
 
$
4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Before acquisition integration and divestiture charges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit
$
1,411

 
8
%
 
$
1,311

 
6
%
 
$
1,237

Operating margin
19.7
%
 
 
 
18.4
%
 
 
 
17.9
%
Net sales were broadly flat in 2019 compared to 2018 due to an increase of 2% in organic sales, offset by a 2% decrease from the impact of negative currency translation. Organic sales grew in 2019 in North America, primarily driven by growth in products going into residential and commercial applications. Net sales increased 3% in 2018 compared to 2017 due to an increase of 3% in organic sales. Organic sales grew in 2018 in North America and Europe, primarily driven by growth in commercial, residential and industrial applications, partially offset by weakness in North American lighting sales.
Operating margin increased from 18.4% in 2018 to 19.4% in 2019. The increase in operating margin in 2019 was primarily due to higher sales volumes and other operating improvements. Operating margin increased from 17.8% in 2017 to 18.4% in 2018. The increase in operating margin in 2018 was primarily due to higher sales volumes, lower restructuring costs, and savings from restructuring actions, partially offset by commodity inflation and increased freight costs.
Operating margin before acquisition integration and divestiture charges increased from 18.4% in 2018 to 19.7% in 2019. The increase in operating margin before acquisition integration and divestiture charges in 2019 was primarily due to an increase in operating margin. Operating margin before acquisition integration and divestiture charges increased from 17.9% in 2017 to 18.4% in 2018. The increase in operating margin before acquisition integration and divestiture charges in 2018 was primarily due to an increase in operating margin, partially offset by lower acquisition integration and divestiture charges.
Electrical Systems and Services
 
2019
 
Change
from 2018
 
2018
 
Change
from 2017
 
2017
Net sales
$
6,287

 
4
%
 
$
6,024

 
6
%
 
$
5,666

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit
$
1,027

 
15
%
 
$
896

 
16
%
 
$
770

Operating margin
16.3
%
 
 
 
14.9
%
 
 
 
13.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition integration and divestiture charges
$
14

 
 
 
$

 
 
 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Before acquisition integration and divestiture charges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit
$
1,041

 
16
%
 
$
896

 
16
%
 
$
770

Operating margin
16.6
%
 
 
 
14.9
%
 
 
 
13.6
%
Net sales increased 4% in 2019 compared to 2018 due to an increase of 4% in organic sales and an increase of 1% from the acquisitions of businesses, partially offset by a decrease of 1% from the impact of negative currency translation. The organic sales increase in 2019 was primarily due to strength in commercial construction, industrial projects, utilities and data centers. Net sales increased 6% in 2018 compared to 2017 due to an increase of 7% in organic sales, partially offset by a decrease of 1% from the sale of a stake in a joint venture in the fourth quarter of 2017. The organic sales increase in 2018 was primarily due to strength in large industrial projects and commercial construction markets, data centers, and oil and gas markets.

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Operating margin increased from 14.9% in 2018 to 16.3% in 2019. Operating margin increased in 2019 primarily due to higher sales volumes and other operating improvements. Operating margin increased from 13.6% in 2017 to 14.9% in 2018. Operating margin increased in 2018 primarily due to higher sales volumes, savings from restructuring actions, and lower restructuring costs, partially offset by commodity inflation, unfavorable product mix, and increased freight costs.
Operating margin before acquisition integration and divestiture charges increased from 14.9% in 2018 to 16.6% in 2019. The increase in operating margin before acquisition integration and divestiture charges was primarily due to an increase in operating margin.
Hydraulics
 
2019
 
Change
from 2018
 
2018
 
Change
from 2017
 
2017
Net sales
$
2,552

 
(7
)%
 
$
2,756

 
12
%
 
$
2,468

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit
$
286

 
(23
)%
 
$
370

 
28
%
 
$
288

Operating margin
11.2
%
 
 
 
13.4
%
 
 
 
11.7
%
Net sales in 2019 decreased 7% compared to 2018 due to a decrease in organic sales of 5% and a decrease of 2% from the impact of negative currency translation. The decrease in organic sales in 2019 was due to weakness in global mobile equipment markets and destocking at both OEMs and distributors. Net sales in 2018 increased 12% compared to 2017 due to an increase in organic sales of 11% and an increase of 1% from the impact of positive currency translation. The increase in organic sales in 2018 was due to strength in global mobile equipment markets.
Operating margin decreased from 13.4% in 2018 to 11.2% in 2019. The decrease in operating margin in 2019 was primarily due to lower sales volumes, unfavorable product mix and operating inefficiencies. Operating margin increased from 11.7% in 2017 to 13.4% in 2018. The increase in operating margin in 2018 was primarily due to higher sales volumes, lower restructuring costs, and savings from restructuring actions, partially offset by commodity inflation, unfavorable product mix and increased freight costs.
Aerospace
 
2019
 
Change
from 2018
 
2018
 
Change
from 2017
 
2017
Net sales
$
2,044

 
8
%
 
$
1,896

 
9
%
 
$
1,744

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit
$
495

 
24
%
 
$
398

 
20
%
 
$
332

Operating margin
24.2
%
 
 
 
21.0
%
 
 
 
19.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition integration and divestiture charges
$
1

 
 
 
$

 
 
 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Before acquisition integration and divestiture charges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit
$
496

 
25
%
 
$
398

 
20
%
 
$
332

Operating margin
24.3
%
 
 
 
21.0
%
 
 
 
19.0
%
Net sales in 2019 increased 8% compared to 2018 due to an increase in organic sales. The increase in organic sales during 2019 was primarily due to strength in sales to commercial OEM and aftermarket. Net sales in 2018 increased 9% compared to 2017 due to an increase in organic sales of 9%. The increase in organic sales during 2018 was primarily due to higher sales in all major commercial and military end markets.
Operating margin increased from 21.0% in 2018 to 24.2% in 2019. The increase was primarily due to higher sales volumes and favorable product mix. Operating margin increased from 19.0% in 2017 to 21.0% in 2018. The increase was primarily due to higher sales volume and favorable product mix.
Operating margin before acquisition integration and divestiture charges increased from 21.0% in 2018 to 24.3% in 2019. The increase in operating margin before acquisition integration and divestiture charges was primarily due to an increase in operating margin.

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Vehicle
 
2019
 
Change
from 2018
 
2018
 
Change
from 2017
 
2017
Net sales
$
3,038

 
(13
)%
 
$
3,489

 
5
%
 
$
3,326

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit
$
460

 
(25
)%
 
$
611

 
13
%
 
$
541

Operating margin
15.1
%
 
 
 
17.5
%
 
 
 
16.3
%
Net sales decreased 13% in 2019 compared to 2018 due to a decrease in organic sales of 11% and a decrease of 2% from the impact of negative currency translation. The decrease in organic sales in 2019 was primarily driven by weakness in global light vehicle markets and revenues transferring over to the Eaton Cummins Automated Transmission Technologies joint venture. Net sales increased 5% in 2018 compared to 2017 due to an increase in organic sales of 7%, partially offset by a decrease of 2% from the sale of the business discussed in Note 2. The increase in organic sales in 2018 was driven by growth in the Americas and Asia Pacific regions, with particular strength in the North American Class 8 truck market, partially offset by weakness in light vehicle markets in the European region.
Operating margin decreased from 17.5% in 2018 to 15.1% in 2019. The decrease in operating margin in 2019 was primarily due to lower sales volumes and the charge for the expected warranty costs to correct the performance of a product which incorporated a defective part from a supplier. Operating margin increased from 16.3% in 2017 to 17.5% in 2018. The increase in operating margin in 2018 was primarily due to higher sales volumes, partially offset by unfavorable product mix, commodity inflation and increased freight costs.
eMobility
 
2019
 
Change
from 2018
 
2018
 
Change
from 2017
 
2017
Net sales
$
321

 
 %
 
$
320

 
13
 %
 
$
283

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit
$
17

 
(61
)%
 
$
44

 
(12
)%
 
$
50

Operating margin
5.3
%
 
 
 
13.8
%
 
 
 
17.7
%
Net sales were flat in 2019 compared to 2018 due to an increase in organic sales of 1%, offset by a decrease of 1% from the impact of negative currency translation. The increase in organic sales in 2019 was primarily due to growth in Europe. Net sales increased 13% in 2018 compared to 2017 due to an increase in organic sales of 12% and an increase of 1% from the impact of positive currency translation. The increase in organic sales in 2018 was primarily due to strength in North America and Europe.
Operating margin decreased from 17.7% in 2017 to 13.8% in 2018 to 5.3% in 2019. The decrease in operating margin in 2019 and 2018 was primarily due to increased research and development costs.
Corporate Expense (Income)
 
2019
 
Change
from 2018
 
2018
 
Change
from 2017
 
2017
Amortization of intangible assets
$
367

 
(4
)%
 
$
382

 
(2
)%
 
$
388

Interest expense - net
236

 
(13
)%
 
271

 
10
 %
 
246

Pension and other postretirement benefits expense
12

 
1,100
 %
 
1

 
(98
)%
 
45

Gain on sale of a business

 
NM

 

 
NM

 
(1,077
)
Arbitration decision expense

 
NM

 
275

 
NM

 

Other corporate expense - net
469

 
69
 %
 
277

 
14
 %
 
244

Total corporate expense (income)
$
1,084

 
(10
)%
 
$
1,206

 
(883
)%
 
$
(154
)
Total corporate expense decreased 10% in 2019 to $1,084 from $1,206 in 2018 primarily due to the 2018 arbitration decision discussed in Note 8, partially offset by higher acquisition integration and divestiture charges. Corporate results were expense of $1,206 in 2018 compared to income of $154 in 2017. The change in Total corporate expense (income) in 2018 was primarily due to the 2018 arbitration decision discussed in Note 8 and the 2017 gain on the sale of the business discussed in Note 2.

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LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES AND CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION
Financial Condition and Liquidity
Eaton’s objective is to finance its business through operating cash flow and an appropriate mix of equity and long-term and short-term debt. By diversifying its debt maturity structure, Eaton reduces liquidity risk. The Company maintains access to the commercial paper markets through a $2,000 commercial paper program. The Company maintains long-term revolving credit facilities totaling $2,000, consisting of a $750 five-year revolving credit facility that will expire November 17, 2022, a $500 four-year revolving credit facility that will expire November 7, 2023, and a $750 five-year revolving credit facility that will expire November 7, 2024. The revolving credit facilities are used to support commercial paper borrowings and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Eaton and certain of its direct and indirect subsidiaries on an unsubordinated, unsecured basis. There were no borrowings outstanding under Eaton's revolving credit facilities at December 31, 2019 or 2018. The Company had available lines of credit of $1,027 from various banks primarily for the issuance of letters of credit, of which there was $263 outstanding at December 31, 2019. Over the course of a year, cash, short-term investments and short-term debt may fluctuate in order to manage global liquidity. Eaton believes it has the operating flexibility, cash flow, cash and short-term investment balances, and access to capital markets in excess of the liquidity necessary to meet future operating needs of the business as well as scheduled payments of long-term debt.
On May 14, 2019, a subsidiary of Eaton issued euro denominated notes (2019 Euro Notes) with a face value of €1,100 ($1,232 based on the May 14, 2019 spot rate), in accordance with Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2019 Euro Notes are comprised of two tranches of €600 and €500, which mature in 2021 and 2025, respectively, with interest payable annually at a respective rate of 0.02% and 0.70%. The issuer received proceeds totaling €1,097 ($1,229 based on the May 14, 2019 spot rate) from the issuance, net of financing costs and discounts.
For additional information on financing transactions and debt, see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Eaton’s credit facilities and indentures governing certain long-term debt contain various covenants, the violation of which would limit or preclude the use of the credit facilities for future borrowings, or might accelerate the maturity of the related outstanding borrowings covered by the indentures. At Eaton’s present credit rating level, the most restrictive financial covenant provides that the ratio of secured debt (or lease payments due under a sale and leaseback transaction) to adjusted consolidated net worth (or consolidated net tangible assets, in each case as defined in the relevant credit agreement or indenture) may not exceed 10%. Eaton's actual ratios are substantially below the required threshold. In addition, Eaton is in compliance with each of its debt covenants for all periods presented.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Operating Cash Flow
Net cash provided by operating activities was $3,451 in 2019, an increase of $793 compared to $2,658 in 2018. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities in 2019 was driven by lower working capital balances compared to 2018, and the absence of a $297 payment made during 2018 for the arbitration decision discussed in Note 8. Other-net includes the impact of foreign currency gains and losses related to the remeasurement of intercompany balance sheet exposures, which have no impact on Operating cash flow.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $2,658 in 2018, a decrease of $8 compared to $2,666 in 2017. The decrease was driven by a $297 payment made during 2018 for the arbitration decision, offset by lower pension contributions to Eaton's U.S. qualified pension plans in 2018. Other-net includes the impact of foreign currency gains and losses related to the remeasurement of intercompany balance sheet exposures, which have no impact on Operating cash flow.
Investing Cash Flow
Net cash used in investing activities was $1,866 in 2019, an increase in the use of cash of $1,468 compared to $398 in 2018. The increase in the use of cash was primarily driven by cash paid for business acquisitions discussed in Note 2 and by net purchases of short-term investments of $70 in 2019 compared to net sales of $355 in 2018, partially offset by $54 of net proceeds in 2019 compared to net payments of $110 in 2018 from the settlement of currency exchange contracts not designated as hedges. Capital expenditures were $587 in 2019 compared to $565 in 2018. Eaton expects approximately $550 in capital expenditures in 2020.
Net cash used in investing activities was $398 in 2018, an increase in the use of cash of $181 compared to $217 in 2017. The increase in the use of cash was primarily driven by proceeds from the sale of a business as part of the formation of the Eaton Cummins joint venture in 2017 discussed in Note 2 and $110 in payments for the settlement of currency exchange contracts not designated as hedges discussed in Note 13, partially offset by net sales of short-term investments of $355 in 2018 compared to net purchases of $298 in 2017. Capital expenditures were $565 in 2018 compared to $520 in 2017.

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Financing Cash Flow
Net cash used in financing activities was $1,494 in 2019, a decrease in the use of cash of $1,087 compared to $2,581 in 2018. The decrease in the use of cash was primarily due to higher proceeds from borrowings of $1,232 in 2019 compared to $410 in 2018 and lower share repurchases of $1,029 in 2019 compared to $1,271 in 2018.
Net cash used in financing activities was $2,581 in 2018, an increase in the use of cash of $139 compared to $2,442 in 2017. The increase in the use of cash was primarily due to lower proceeds from borrowings of $410 in 2018 compared to $1,000 in 2017, higher share repurchases of $1,271 in 2018 compared to $850 in 2017, and higher dividends paid of $1,149 in 2018 compared to $1,068 in 2017, partially offset by lower payments on borrowings of $574 compared to $1,554 in 2017.
Credit Ratings
Eaton's debt has been assigned the following credit ratings:
Credit Rating Agency (long- /short-term rating)
 
Rating
 
Outlook
Standard & Poor's
 
A-/A-2
 
Stable outlook
Moody's
 
Baa1/P-2
 
Positive outlook
Fitch
 
BBB+/F1
 
Stable outlook
Defined Benefits Plans
Pension Plans
During 2019, the fair value of plan assets in the Company’s employee pension plans increased $708 to $5,336 at December 31, 2019. The increase in plan assets was primarily due to higher than expected return on plan assets. At December 31, 2019, the net unfunded position of $1,439 in pension liabilities consisted of $407 in the U.S. qualified pension plan, $1,006 in plans that have no minimum funding requirements, and $99 in all other plans that require minimum funding, partially offset by $73 in plans that are overfunded.
Funding requirements are a major consideration in making contributions to Eaton’s pension plans. With respect to the Company’s pension plans worldwide, the Company intends to contribute annually not less than the minimum required by applicable law and regulations. In 2019, $119 was contributed to the pension plans. The Company anticipates making $128 of contributions to certain pension plans during 2020. The funded status of the Company’s pension plans at the end of 2020, and future contributions, will depend primarily on the actual return on assets during the year and the discount rate used to calculate certain benefits at the end of the year.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Eaton does not have off-balance sheet arrangements or financings with unconsolidated entities or other persons. The Company made an accounting policy election to not recognize lease assets or liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that may involve the exercise of significant judgment. For any estimate or assumption used, there may be other reasonable estimates or assumptions that could have been used. However, based on facts and circumstances inherent in developing estimates and assumptions, management believes it is unlikely that applying other such estimates and assumptions would have caused materially different amounts to have been reported. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Sales are recognized when control of promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Control is transferred when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain benefits from the goods or services. The majority of the Company’s sales agreements contain performance obligations satisfied at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer. Sales recognized over time are generally accounted for using an input measure to determine progress completed at the end of the period. Sales for service contracts generally are recognized as the services are provided. For agreements with multiple performance obligations, judgment is required to determine whether performance obligations specified in these agreements are distinct and should be accounted for as separate revenue transactions for recognition purposes. In these types of agreements, we generally allocate sales price to each distinct obligation based on the price of each item sold in separate transactions.

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Due to the nature of the work required to be performed for obligations recognized over time, Eaton estimates total costs by contract. The estimate of total costs are subject to judgment. Estimated amounts are included in the recognized sales price to the extent it is not probable that a significant reversal of cumulative sales will occur. Additionally, contracts can be modified to account for changes in contract specifications, requirements or sale price. The effect of a contract modification on the sales price or adjustments to the measure of completion under the input method are recognized as adjustments to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis.
Eaton records reductions to sales for returns, and customer and distributor incentives, primarily comprised of rebates, at the time of the initial sale. Rebates are estimated based on sales terms, historical experience, trend analysis, and projected market conditions in the various markets served. The rebate programs offered vary across businesses due to the numerous markets Eaton serves, but the most common incentives relate to amounts paid or credited to customers for achieving defined volume levels. Returns are estimated at the time of the sale primarily based on historical experience and recorded gross on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 3 for additional information.
Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets
Goodwill
Goodwill is evaluated annually for impairment as of July 1 using either a quantitative or qualitative analysis. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is equivalent to Eaton's operating segments and based on the net assets for each segment, including goodwill and intangible assets. Goodwill is assigned to each operating segment, as this represents the lowest level that constitutes a business and is the level at which management regularly reviews the operating results. The Company performs a quantitative analysis using a discounted cash flow model and other valuation techniques, but may elect to perform a qualitative analysis.
Additionally, goodwill is evaluated for impairment whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an operating segment is less than its carrying amount. Events or circumstances that may result in an impairment review include changes in macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, other relevant entity-specific events, specific events affecting the reporting unit or sustained decrease in share price.
The annual goodwill impairment test was performed using a qualitative analysis in 2019 and 2018, except for the Hydraulics segment which used a quantitative analysis in 2019. A qualitative analysis is performed by assessing certain trends and factors, including projected market outlook and growth rates, forecasted and actual sales and operating profit margins, discount rates, industry data, and other relevant qualitative factors. These trends and factors are compared to, and based on, the assumptions used in the most recent quantitative analysis performed for each reporting unit. The results of the qualitative analyses did not indicate a need to perform quantitative analysis.
Goodwill impairment testing was also performed using quantitative analyses in 2019 as a result of the Lighting business being classified as held for sale as discussed in Note 2, and in 2018 for the Electrical Products, Vehicle and eMobility segments due to a reorganization of the Company’s businesses resulting in the creation of the eMobility segment. The Company used the relative fair value method to reallocate goodwill.
Quantitative analyses were performed by estimating the fair value for each reporting unit using a discounted cash flow model, which considered forecasted cash flows discounted at an estimated weighted-average cost of capital. The forecasted cash flows were based on the Company's long-term operating plan and a terminal value was used to estimate the operating segment's cash flows beyond the period covered by the operating plan. The weighted-average cost of capital is an estimate of the overall after-tax rate of return required by equity and debt market holders of a business enterprise. These analyses require the exercise of judgments, including judgments about appropriate discount rates, perpetual growth rates, revenue growth, and margin assumptions of the respective reporting unit. Sensitivity analyses were performed around certain of these assumptions in order to assess the reasonableness of the assumptions and the resulting estimated fair values.
Based on these analyses performed in 2019 and 2018, the fair value of Eaton's reporting units continue to substantially exceed their respective carrying amounts and thus, no impairment exists.
Indefinite Life Intangible Assets
Indefinite life intangible assets consist of certain trademarks. They are evaluated annually for impairment as of July 1 using either a quantitative or qualitative analysis to determine whether their fair values exceed their respective carrying amounts. Indefinite life intangible asset impairment testing for 2019 and 2018 was performed using a quantitative analysis. Determining the fair value of these assets requires significant judgment and the Company uses a royalty relief methodology similar to that employed when the associated assets were acquired, but using updated estimates of future sales, cash flows and profitability.

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Additionally, indefinite life intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. Events or circumstances that may result in an impairment review include changes in industry and market considerations, cost factors, financial performance, and other relevant entity-specific events that could affect inputs used to determine the respective fair values of the indefinite-lived intangible assets.
For 2019 and 2018, the fair value of indefinite lived intangible assets exceeded the respective carrying value.
Other Long-Lived Assets
Other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Events or circumstances that may result in an impairment review include operations reporting losses, a significant adverse change in the use of an asset, the planned disposal or sale of the asset, a significant adverse change in the business climate or legal factors related to the asset, or a significant decrease in the estimated market value of an asset. Upon indications of impairment, assets and liabilities are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. The asset group would be considered impaired when the estimated future net undiscounted cash flows generated by the asset group are less than its carrying value. In instances where the carrying amount of the asset group exceeded the undiscounted cash flows, the fair value of the asset group would be determined and an impairment loss would be recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its fair value. Determining asset groups and underlying cash flows requires the use of significant judgment.
For additional information about goodwill and other intangible assets, see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Divestitures of Businesses
The Company records assets and liabilities of a business to be sold as held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheet when all the required criteria are met. The held for sale assets and liabilities are initially measured at the lesser of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell, with any resulting loss being immediately recognized. In each subsequent reporting period until the business is sold, the Company continues to estimate the fair value less cost to sell of the business and recognizes any additional losses, or any gains to the extent losses were previously recorded on the held for sale assets and liabilities.
The Company used the relative fair value method to allocate goodwill to the Lighting business. The fair values of the Electrical Products segment and Lighting business were estimated based on a combination of the price paid to Eaton by Signify N.V. and a discounted cash flow model. The model includes estimates of future cash flows, future growth rates, terminal value amounts, and the applicable weighted-average cost of capital used to discount those estimated cash flows. The weighted-average cost of capital is an estimate of the overall after-tax rate of return required by equity and debt market holders of a business enterprise. These analyses require the exercise of judgments, including judgments about appropriate discount rates, perpetual growth rates, revenue growth, and margin assumptions. For additional information about the divestitures of businesses, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recoverability of Deferred Income Tax Assets
Eaton is subject to the income tax laws in the jurisdictions in which it operates. In order to determine the income tax provision for financial statement purposes, Eaton must make significant estimates and judgments about its business operations in these jurisdictions. These estimates and judgments are also used in determining the deferred income tax assets and liabilities that have been recognized for differences between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities, and income tax loss carryforwards and income tax credit carryforwards.
Management evaluates the realizability of deferred income tax assets for each jurisdiction in which it operates. If the Company experiences cumulative pre-tax income in a particular jurisdiction in a three-year period including the current and prior two years, management normally concludes that the deferred income tax assets will more likely than not be realizable and no valuation allowance is recognized, unless known or planned operating developments, or changes in tax laws, would lead management to conclude otherwise. However, if the Company experiences cumulative pre-tax losses in a particular jurisdiction in a three-year period including the current and prior two years, management then considers a series of factors in the determination of whether the deferred income tax assets can be realized. These factors include historical operating results, known or planned operating developments, the period of time over which certain temporary differences will reverse, consideration of the utilization of certain deferred income tax liabilities, tax law carryback capability in a particular country, prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, changes in tax laws, and estimates of future earnings and taxable income using the same assumptions as those used for the Company’s goodwill and other impairment testing. After evaluation of these factors, if the deferred income tax assets are expected to be realized within the tax carryforward period allowed for that specific country, management would conclude that no valuation allowance would be required. To the extent that the deferred income tax assets exceed the amount that is expected to be realized within the tax carryforward period for a particular jurisdiction, management would establish a valuation allowance. For additional information about income taxes, see Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Unrecognized Income Tax Benefits
Eaton recognizes an income tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the benefit would be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company evaluates and adjusts the amount of unrecognized income tax benefits based on changes in law, facts and circumstances. Eaton also estimates, where reasonably possible, the increase or decrease in the amount of unrecognized income tax benefits in the next 12 months.
The evaluation and determination of the amount of unrecognized income tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions is complex and involves both the exercise of judgement and the utilization of certain estimates and assumptions. Each tax position carries unique facts and circumstances that must be evaluated in light of current tax laws, regulations, and judicial decisions. Additionally, the ultimate resolution of the majority of Eaton’s unrecognized income tax benefits is dependent upon uncontrollable factors such as the prospect of retroactive regulations; new case law; and the willingness of the income tax authority to settle the issue, including the timing thereof.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Plans
The measurement of liabilities related to pension plans and other postretirement benefits plans is based on assumptions related to future events including interest rates, return on plan assets, rate of compensation increases, and health care cost trend rates. Actual plan asset performance will either reduce or increase losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, which ultimately affects net income.
The discount rate for United States plans was determined by discounting the expected future benefit payments using a theoretical zero-coupon spot yield curve derived from a universe of high-quality bonds as of the measurement date and solving for the single rate that generated the same benefit obligation. Only corporate bonds with a rating of Aa or higher by either Moody’s or Standard & Poor's were included. Callable bonds that are not make-whole bonds and certain other non-comparable bonds were eliminated. Finally, a subset of bonds was selected by grouping the universe of bonds by duration and retaining 50% of the bonds that had the highest yields.
The discount rates for non-United States plans were determined by region and are based on high quality long-term corporate and government bonds. Consideration has been given to the duration of the liabilities in each plan when selecting the bonds to be used in determining the discount rate.
To estimate the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost for the vast majority of its defined benefits pension and other postretirement benefits plans, the Company used a spot rate approach by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used to measure the benefit obligation at the beginning of the period to the relevant projected cash flows.
Key assumptions used to calculate pension and other postretirement benefits expense are adjusted at each year-end. A 1-percentage point change in the assumed rate of return on pension plan assets is estimated to have approximately a $49 effect on pension expense. Likewise, a 1-percentage point change in the discount rate is estimated to have approximately a $64 effect on pension expense. A 1-percentage point change in the assumed rate of return on other postretirement benefits assets is estimated to have less than $1 effect on other postretirement benefits expense. A 1-percentage point change in the discount rate is estimated to have approximately a $1 effect on expense for other postretirement benefits plans.
Additional information related to changes in key assumptions used to recognize expense for other postretirement benefits plans is found in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

MARKET RISK DISCLOSURE
On a regular basis, Eaton monitors third-party depository institutions that hold its cash and short-term investments, primarily for safety of principal and secondarily for maximizing yield on those funds. The Company diversifies its cash and short-term investments among counterparties to minimize exposure to any one of these entities. Eaton also monitors the creditworthiness of its customers and suppliers to mitigate any adverse impact.
Eaton uses derivative instruments to manage exposure to volatility in raw material costs, currency, and interest rates on certain debt instruments. Derivative financial instruments used by the Company are straightforward and non-leveraged. The counterparties to these instruments are financial institutions with strong credit ratings. Eaton maintains control over the size of positions entered into with any one counterparty and regularly monitors the credit rating of these institutions. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about hedges and derivative financial instruments.
Eaton’s ability to access the commercial paper market, and the related cost of these borrowings, is based on the strength of its credit rating and overall market conditions. The Company has not experienced any material limitations in its ability to access these sources of liquidity. At December 31, 2019, Eaton had $2,000 of long-term revolving credit facilities with banks in support of its commercial paper program. It has no borrowings outstanding under these credit facilities.

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Interest rate risk can be measured by calculating the short-term earnings impact that would result from adverse changes in interest rates. This exposure results from short-term debt, which includes commercial paper at a floating interest rate, long-term debt that has been swapped to floating rates, and money market investments that have not been swapped to fixed rates. Based upon the balances of investments and floating rate debt at year end 2019, a 100 basis point increase in short-term interest rates would have increased the Company’s net, pre-tax interest expense by $20.
Eaton also measures interest rate risk by estimating the net amount by which the fair value of the Company’s financial liabilities would change as a result of movements in interest rates. Based on Eaton’s best estimate for a hypothetical, 100 basis point increase in interest rates at December 31, 2019, the market value of the Company’s debt and interest rate swap portfolio, in aggregate, would increase by $515.
The Company is exposed to fluctuations in commodity prices due to volatility in raw material costs and contractual agreements with suppliers. To partially mitigate this exposure, Eaton enters into commodity contracts for certain raw material purchases with the objective of minimizing changes in inventory cost due to market price fluctuations. These commodity contracts are designated for hedge accounting and are generally less than one year in duration. Based on Eaton’s best estimate for a hypothetical 10% fluctuation in commodity prices the gain or loss would be less than $1. The sensitivity analysis of the effects of changes in commodity prices assumes the notional value to remain constant for the next 12 months. Any change in the value of the contracts would be offset by an inverse change in the value of the underlying hedged transactions.
The Company is exposed to currency risk associated with translating its functional currency financial statements into its reporting currency, which is the U.S. dollar. As a result, the Company is exposed to movements in the exchange rates of various currencies against the U.S. dollar. Eaton also monitors exposure to transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of each country in which the Company operates, and regularly enters into forward contracts to mitigate that exposure. In the aggregate, Eaton’s portfolio of forward contracts related to such transactions was not material to its Consolidated Financial Statements.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
A summary of contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019 follows:
 
2020
 
2021
to
2022
 
2023
to
2024
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Long-term debt, including current portion(1)
$
242

 
$
2,674

 
$
984

 
$
4,082

 
$
7,982

Interest expense related to long-term debt
252

 
460

 
339

 
1,634

 
2,685

Reduction of interest expense from interest rate swap agreements related to long-term debt
(18
)
 
(39
)
 
(14
)
 
(37
)
 
(108
)
Operating leases
142

 
195

 
93

 
82

 
512

Finance leases
8

 
14

 
6

 
9

 
37

Purchase obligations
1,091

 
183

 
83

 
91

 
1,448

Other obligations
169

 
10

 
12

 
23

 
214

Held for sale obligations
65

 
9

 
4

 
6

 
84

Total
$
1,951

 
$
3,506

 
$
1,507

 
$
5,890

 
$
12,854

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Long-term debt excludes deferred gains and losses on derivatives related to debt, adjustments to fair market value, premiums and discounts on long-term debentures, debt issuance costs, and finance leases.

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Interest expense related to long-term debt is based on the applicable interest rate related to the debt instrument, whether fixed or floating. The reduction of interest expense due to interest rate swap agreements related to long-term debt is based on the difference in the fixed interest rate the Company receives from the swap, compared to the floating interest rate the Company pays on the swap. Purchase obligations are entered into with various vendors in the normal course of business. These amounts include commitments for purchases of raw materials, outstanding non-cancelable purchase orders, releases under blanket purchase orders, and commitments under ongoing service arrangements. Other obligations principally include $128 of anticipated contributions to pension plans in 2020, $34 of other postretirement benefits payments expected to be paid in 2020, and $49 of deferred compensation earned under various plans for which the participants have elected to receive disbursement at a later date. The table above does not include all other future expected pension and other postretirement benefits payments. Information related to the amounts of these future payments is described in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The table above also excludes the liability for unrecognized income tax benefits, since the Company cannot predict with reasonable certainty the timing of cash settlements with the respective taxing authorities. At December 31, 2019, the gross liability for unrecognized income tax benefits totaled $1,001 and interest and penalties were $93.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report to Shareholders contains forward-looking statements concerning litigation and regulatory developments, expected pension or other post-retirement benefits payments and rates of return, and expected future liquidity. These statements may discuss goals, intentions and expectations as to future trends, plans, events, results of operations or financial condition, or state other information relating to Eaton, based on current beliefs of management as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Forward-looking statements generally will be accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “intend,” “may,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. These statements should be used with caution and are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside Eaton’s control. The following factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements: unanticipated changes in the markets for the Company’s business segments; unanticipated downturns in business relationships with customers or their purchases from us; the availability of credit to customers and suppliers; competitive pressures on sales and pricing; unanticipated changes in the cost of material and other production costs, or unexpected costs that cannot be recouped in product pricing; the introduction of competing technologies; unexpected technical or marketing difficulties; unexpected claims, charges, litigation or dispute resolutions; strikes or other labor unrest; the impact of acquisitions and divestitures; unanticipated difficulties integrating acquisitions; new laws and governmental regulations; interest rate changes; tax rate changes or exposure to additional income tax liability; stock market and currency fluctuations; war, natural disasters, civil or political unrest or terrorism; and unanticipated deterioration of economic and financial conditions in the United States and around the world. Eaton does not assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

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QUARTERLY DATA (unaudited)
 
Quarter ended in 2019
 
Quarter ended in 2018
(In millions except for per share data)
Dec. 31
 
Sept. 30
 
June 30
 
Mar. 31
 
Dec. 31
 
Sept. 30
 
June 30
 
Mar. 31
Net sales
$
5,238

 
$
5,314

 
$
5,533

 
$
5,305

 
$
5,459

 
$
5,412

 
$
5,487

 
$
5,251

Gross profit
1,682

 
1,802

 
1,836

 
1,732

 
1,789

 
1,815

 
1,816

 
1,678

Percent of net sales
32.1
%
 
33.9
%
 
33.2
%
 
32.6
%
 
32.8
%
 
33.5
%
 
33.1
%
 
32.0
%
Income before income taxes
532

 
718

 
738

 
603

 
726

 
439

 
694

 
565

Net income
453

 
602

 
636

 
522

 
632

 
416

 
611

 
487

Less net (income) loss for
   noncontrolling interests
(1
)
 
(1
)
 

 

 
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
 
1

Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
$
452

 
$
601

 
$
636

 
$
522

 
$
631

 
$
416

 
$
610

 
$
488

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted
$
1.09

 
$
1.44

 
$
1.50

 
$
1.23

 
$
1.46

 
$
0.95

 
$
1.39

 
$
1.10

Basic
1.09

 
1.44

 
1.51

 
1.23

 
1.46

 
0.96

 
1.40

 
1.11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends declared per
   ordinary share
$
0.71

 
$
0.71

 
$
0.71

 
$
0.71

 
$
0.66

 
$
0.66

 
$
0.66

 
$
0.66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share for the four quarters in a year may not equal full year earnings per share.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition integration, divestiture charges and transaction costs included in Income before income taxes are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter ended in 2019
 
Quarter ended in 2018
 
Dec. 31
 
Sept. 30
 
June 30
 
Mar. 31
 
Dec. 31
 
Sept. 30
 
June 30
 
Mar. 31
Acquisition integration, divestiture charges and transaction costs
$
133

 
$
39

 
$
14

 
$
12

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$





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FIVE-YEAR CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY (unaudited)
(In millions except for per share data)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Net sales
$
21,390

 
$
21,609

 
$
20,404

 
$
19,747

 
$
20,855

Income before income taxes
2,591

 
2,424

 
3,368

 
2,118

 
2,133

Net income
2,213

 
2,146

 
2,986

 
1,919

 
1,974

Less net income for noncontrolling interests
(2
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(3
)
 
(2
)
Net income attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
$
2,211

 
$
2,145

 
$
2,985

 
$
1,916

 
$
1,972

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per share attributable to Eaton ordinary shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted
$
5.25

 
$
4.91

 
$
6.68

 
$
4.20

 
$
4.22

Basic
5.28

 
4.93

 
6.71

 
4.21

 
4.23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted
420.8

 
436.9

 
447.0

 
456.5

 
467.1

Basic
419.0

 
434.3

 
444.5

 
455.0

 
465.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends declared
   per ordinary share
$
2.84

 
$
2.64

 
$
2.40

 
$
2.28

 
$
2.20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets (1)
$
32,805

 
$
31,092

 
$
32,623

 
$
30,476

 
$
31,059

Long-term debt
7,819

 
6,768

 
7,167

 
6,711

 
7,746

Total debt
8,322

 
7,521

 
7,751

 
8,277

 
8,414

Eaton shareholders' equity
16,082

 
16,107

 
17,253

 
14,954

 
15,249

Eaton shareholders' equity
   per ordinary share
$
38.91

 
$
38.02

 
$
39.22

 
$
33.28

 
$
33.24

Ordinary shares outstanding
413.3

 
423.6

 
439.9

 
449.4

 
458.8

(1) Total assets in 2019 reflect the adoption of Accounting Standard Update 2016-02, Leases, using the optional transition method and prior periods were not restated, as described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.