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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 29, 2015
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation. The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The Company operates two operating segments.
Fiscal Year. The Company operates on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year ending the last Tuesday in December. The fiscal years ended December 29, 2015 and December 30, 2014 each contained 52 weeks, while the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 contained 53 weeks. For convenience, fiscal years ended December 29, 2015, December 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are referred to as fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Segments. The Company operates restaurants as a franchisee for Pizza Hut and Wendy’s restaurant brands as separate operating segments. The brands operate in the United States within the quick service restaurant, or “QSR,” industry, providing similar products to similar customers. The brands also possess similar economic characteristics, resulting in similar long-term expected financial performance characteristics. Sales from external customers are derived principally from food and beverage sales. The Company does not rely on any major customers as a source of sales. Accordingly, the Company meets the criteria for aggregating its operating segments for reporting purposes.
Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents of the Company are comprised of demand deposits with banks and short-term cash investments with maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase by the Company. The Company has outstanding checks that are written in excess of the cash balances at its bank that create a book overdraft, which the Company records as a liability.
Inventories. Inventories of food and supplies are carried at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market.
Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenue when products are delivered to the customer or meals are served. The Company presents sales in the Consolidated Statements of Income net of sales taxes.
Facilities and Equipment. Facilities and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is charged on the straight-line basis for buildings, furniture, and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized on the straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated economic life of the improvements or the term of the lease.

The Company reviews long-lived assets related to each unit semi-annually in the second and fourth quarters for indicators of impairment and at any other date when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may exceed their fair value and the carrying amount of a unit’s leasehold improvements may not be recoverable. Based on the best information available, impaired leasehold improvements and certain personal property are written down to estimated fair market value, which becomes the new cost basis. Additionally, when a commitment is made to close a unit beyond the quarter, any remaining leasehold improvements and all personal property are reviewed for impairment and depreciable lives are adjusted.

Business Combinations. In accordance with accounting guidance for business combinations, the Company allocates the purchase price of an acquired business to its identifiable assets and liabilities based on estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the amount allocated to the assets and liabilities, if any, is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition-related costs for potential and completed acquisitions are expensed, as incurred, and are included in “Other” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company uses all available information to estimate fair values including the fair value determination of identifiable intangible assets such as franchise rights, and any other significant assets or liabilities. The Company adjusts the preliminary purchase price allocation, as necessary, during the measurement period, when information that is known to be available or obtainable is obtained.
The Company’s purchase price allocation methodology contains uncertainties because it requires management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. Management estimates the fair value of assets and liabilities based upon quoted market prices, the carrying value of the acquired assets and widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flows. Unanticipated events or circumstances may occur which could affect the accuracy of its fair value estimates, including assumptions regarding industry economic factors and business strategies.
Franchise Agreements. Effective January 1, 2003, the Company began operating under new franchise agreements with Pizza Hut, Inc. (“PHI”). Certain of the franchise agreements contain perpetual 20-year renewal terms subject to certain criteria. The amortization of all PHI franchise rights concludes at the end of the initial 30-year term plus one 20-year renewal term (or December 31, 2052).
For Pizza Hut units acquired after 2003, the Company operates under franchise agreements with PHI with an initial term expiring on December 31, 2032, with 20-year renewal terms subject to certain criteria.
On July 22, 2013, the Company began operating Wendy’s units in accordance with franchise agreements with Wendy’s that are for specific locations. Each franchise agreement begins at the date of the acquisition and continues for the lesser of the underlying lease or 20 years. The agreements also include one 10 year renewal. The amortization of all Wendy’s franchise rights concludes at the initial term of the franchise agreement or the initial term plus one 10-year renewal if the renewal period is within the non-cancelable term of the underlying lease.
Royalty expense was included in other restaurant operating expenses and totaled $58.0 million for fiscal 2015 (4.7% of total sales), $56.3 million for fiscal 2014 (4.8% of total sales), and $53.0 million for fiscal 2013 (4.8% of total sales).
Lease Accounting. Certain of the Company’s lease agreements provide for scheduled rent increases during the lease term, as well as provisions for renewal options. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease terms are based upon the initial non-cancelable lease term plus renewal option periods for which failure to renew the lease imposes a significant economic detriment. In addition, landlord-provided tenant improvement allowances are recorded in other deferred items and amortized as a credit to rent expense over the term of the lease. Favorable lease amounts are amortized to expense over the remaining life of the lease including options. Unfavorable lease amounts are amortized to expense over the remaining life of the current contractual lease term.

Intangible Assets. Franchise rights and other intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their useful lives using the straight-line method. Each reporting period the Company evaluates whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining estimated useful life of each intangible asset. If it was determined that events and circumstances warrant a change to the estimate of an intangible asset’s remaining useful life, then the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset would be amortized prospectively over that revised remaining useful life.
 
If an indicator of impairment exists, the cash flows of the designated marketing area for Pizza Hut units or store cash flows for Wendy’s units that support the franchise rights are reviewed to determine whether the carrying amount of the asset is recoverable based on an undiscounted cash flow method.
Accounting for Goodwill. The carrying value of the Company’s goodwill is included in the Pizza Hut and Wendy’s reporting units. The Company assesses goodwill, which is not subject to amortization, for impairment annually in its second quarter, and also at any other date when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may exceed its fair value.  The Company performed its annual test on its Wendy’s reporting unit during the second quarter of fiscal 2015, and the Company based its goodwill impairment testing for the Wendy’s reporting unit on a qualitative assessment. The qualitative assessment included an in-depth analysis of many factors, including general economic conditions, industry and market conditions, a broad scope of financial factors, changes in management and key personnel, as well as other drivers of a fair value analysis. As part of the qualitative analysis, many estimates and assumptions were made that related to future economic trends, consumer behaviors, and other factors, all of which are beyond the control of management. As a result of the Company’s qualitative assessment performed during the second quarter of fiscal 2015, it was concluded that it was more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the Wendy’s reporting unit was greater than its carrying value.
The Company performed its annual test on its Pizza Hut reporting unit during the second quarter of fiscal 2015. As a result of negative comparable store sales in its Pizza Hut operations, the Company performed a quantitative assessment and estimated the fair value of the Pizza Hut reporting unit using the discounted expected future cash flows. As a result of the quantitative assessment, it was concluded that this reporting unit was not impaired and the fair value of this reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. The determination of the estimated fair value of the Pizza Hut reporting unit requires significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions primarily include, but are not limited to, discount rate, terminal growth rate, operating income before depreciation and amortization, and capital expenditures. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making those estimates, actual results could differ from those estimates and continued negative comparable store sales could result in an impairment charge in fiscal 2016 or a future fiscal period. The Company evaluates the merits of each significant assumption, both individually and in the aggregate, used to determine the fair value of the Pizza Hut reporting unit for reasonableness.
Fees and Other Income. Fees and other income are comprised primarily of delivery fees charged to customers, vending receipts and other fee income.
Advertising Costs. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in other restaurant operating expenses in the consolidated financial statements. The total amounts charged to advertising expense were $68.5 million, $64.4 million and $58.0 million for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Pre-opening Expenses. Costs associated with the opening of new units and WingStreet unit conversions are expensed as incurred and are included with corporate depreciation and amortization expenses. Pre-opening expenses were $0.4 million, $0.7 million and $0.9 million for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Self-insurance Accruals. The Company operates with a significant self-insured retention of expected losses under its workers’ compensation, employee medical, general liability and non-owned auto programs. The Company purchases third party coverage for losses in excess of the normal expected levels. Accrued liabilities have been recorded based on the Company’s estimates of the ultimate costs to settle incurred claims, both reported and incurred but unreported, subject to the Company’s retentions. Provisions for losses expected under the workers’ compensation and general liability programs are recorded based upon estimates of the aggregate liability for claims incurred, net of expected recoveries from third party carriers for claims in excess of self-insured retention, utilizing independent actuarial calculations based on historical claims experience. In the event the Company’s insurance carriers are unable to pay claims submitted to them, in excess of its self-insured retention, the Company would record a liability for such estimated payments expected to be incurred.
Income Taxes. Deferred taxes are provided for items whose financial and tax bases differ. A valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets when it is expected that it is more likely-than-not that the related asset will not be fully realized.
Certain tax authorities periodically audit the Company. Reserve balances have been established for potential exposures when it is more likely-than-not that a taxing authority may take a sustainable position on a matter contrary to the Company’s filed position. The Company evaluates these issues on a quarterly basis to adjust for events, such as court rulings or audit settlements that may impact its ultimate payment for such exposures.
Debt Issuance Costs. Costs related to the issuance of debt are capitalized and amortized to interest expense using the straight line method over the period the debt is outstanding, which approximates amounts expected to be amortized using the effective interest method. On December 28, 2011, the Company entered into the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, which consists of a $375.0 million Term Loan, and a $110.0 million Revolving Facility, and issued $190.0 million of Senior Notes which resulted in debt issuance costs. On December 10, 2015, the Company amended its Senior Secured Credit Facilities and paid $1.8 million for transaction costs which were capitalized to debt issuance costs and will be amortized over the remaining term of the related debt.  On June 19, 2014, the Company issued $40.0 million of term loan debt under the existing credit facility’s $125.0 million term loan accordion feature, on the same terms as the Company’s existing Term Loan. The Company paid $0.7 million for transaction costs which were capitalized to debt issuance costs and amortized over the term of the related debt.
Amortization of $4.0 million, $3.9 million and $3.5 million was charged to interest expense during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014, and fiscal 2013, respectively, related to these costs. Additionally, the Company had unamortized debt issuance costs of $12.6 million and $14.5 million at December 29, 2015 and December 30, 2014, respectively, included in Other Assets, net on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Stock Based Compensation. In connection with the acquisition of Holdings by NPC Holdings (the “Acquisition”), the Parent established a stock option plan (the “Plan”) which governs, among other things, the grant of options with respect to the common stock of the Parent. The Plan is more fully described in Note 12, Stock Based Compensation. The options have certain put features available to the holder and, therefore, liability classification is required. 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements. In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. In July 2015, the FASB approved a one-year deferral of the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard which will become effective for the Company beginning with the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The standard can be adopted either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. Under the proposal, early application would be permitted, but not before the original effective date. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting.
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which describes how an entity should assess its ability to meet obligations and sets rules for how this information should be disclosed in the financial statements.  This new standard is effective for the first annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted.  The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30) (“ASU 2015-03”), which simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs. ASU 2015-03 requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. ASU 2015-03 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015 (and interim periods within those fiscal years) with early adoption permitted and retrospective application required. The adoption of this standard would have resulted in the reclassification of $10.1 million and $11.4 million as of December 29, 2015 and December 30, 2014, respectively, from deferred financing costs to long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (Topic 740) (“ASU 2015-17”). This update requires that entities with a classified balance sheet present all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. For public business entities, ASU 2015-17 is effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. This update can be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company early adopted this standard during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, utilizing retrospective application as permitted. As such, certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. In the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 30, 2014, the Company reclassified $13.0 million from current deferred income tax assets to reduce deferred income taxes within long-term liabilities.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right of use asset for all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months on its balance sheet. The update also expands the required quantitative and qualitative disclosures surrounding leases. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted. This update will be applied using a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this update on its consolidated financial statements.