SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently by the Company and its subsidiaries for all periods presented in these annual consolidated financial statements.


a)	Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and any reference to the “Company” throughout these consolidated financial statements refers to the Company and its subsidiaries. All transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated.

The Company conducts some of its oil and gas production activities through jointly controlled operations and the financial statements reflect only the Company's proportionate interest in such activities. Joint control exists for contractual arrangements governing the Company's assets whereby the Company has less than 100 percent working interest, all of the partners have control of the arrangement collectively, and spending on the project requires unanimous consent of all parties that collectively control the arrangement and share the associated risks. The Company does not have any joint arrangements that are material to the Company or that are structured through joint venture arrangements.


b)	Property, Plant and Equipment

Items of PP&E, which primarily consist of oil and gas development and production assets, are measured at cost less accumulated depletion, depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Development and production assets are accumulated into CGUs and represent the cost of developing the commercial reserves and initiating production.

Costs incurred subsequent to the determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability and the costs of replacing parts of PP&E are recognized as development and production assets only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate. All other expenditures are recognized in net income as incurred. Capitalized development and production assets generally represent costs incurred in developing reserves and initiating or enhancing production from such reserves. The carrying amount of any replaced or sold component is derecognized.

Depletion and Depreciation

Development and production costs accumulated within major areas are depleted using the unit-of-production method based on estimated proved plus probable reserves before royalties, as determined by independent petroleum reservoir engineers. Natural gas reserves and production are converted to equivalent barrels of oil based upon the relative energy content (6:1). The depletion base includes capitalized costs, plus future costs to be incurred in developing proved plus probable reserves.

Corporate assets are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, ranging from 5 to 16 years on a straight-line basis.

Impairment

The carrying amounts of PP&E are grouped into CGUs and reviewed quarterly for indicators of impairment. Indicators are events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If indicators of impairment exist, the recoverable amount of the CGU is estimated. If the carrying amount of the CGU, adjusted for the discounted abandonment and reclamation costs on proved plus probable undeveloped oil and gas reserves, exceeds the recoverable amount, the CGU is written down with an impairment recognized in net income.

Assets are grouped into CGUs based on the integration between assets, shared infrastructures, the existence of common sales points, geography, geologic structure and the manner in which management monitors and makes decisions regarding operations. Estimates of future cash flows used in the calculation of the recoverable amount are based on reserve evaluation reports prepared by independent petroleum reservoir engineers. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and the value-in-use. Fair value less costs of disposal is derived by estimating the discounted after-tax future net cash flows from proved plus probable oil and gas reserves. Discounted future net cash flows are based on forecasted commodity prices and costs over the expected economic life of the reserves and discounted using market-based rates to reflect a market participant’s view of the risks associated with the assets. Value-in-use is assessed using the expected future cash flows from proved plus probable oil and gas reserves discounted at a pre-tax rate.

Impairment losses recognized in prior periods, other than goodwill impairments, are assessed at each reporting date for any indicators that the impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. In the event that an impairment loss reverses, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but only to the extent that the carrying amount does not exceed the amount that would have been determined, net of depletion, had no impairment loss been recognized on the asset in prior periods. The amount of the reversal is recognized in net income.


c)	Exploration and Evaluation

Exploration and evaluation assets are comprised of the accumulated expenditures incurred in an area where technical feasibility and commercial viability has not yet been determined. Exploration and evaluation assets include undeveloped land and any drilling costs thereon.

Technical feasibility and commercial viability are considered to be determinable when reserves are discovered. Upon determination of reserves, E&E assets attributable to those reserves are first tested for impairment and then reclassified from E&E assets to PP&E.

Costs incurred prior to acquiring the legal rights to explore an area are expensed as incurred.

Amortization

Undeveloped land classified as E&E is amortized by major area over the average primary lease term and recognized in net income. Drilling costs classified as E&E assets are not amortized but are subject to impairment.

Impairment

Exploration and evaluation assets are reviewed quarterly for indicators of impairment and upon reclassification from E&E to PP&E. Exploration and evaluation assets are tested for impairment at the operating segment level by combining E&E assets with PP&E, adjusted for the discounted abandonment and reclamation costs on proved plus probable undeveloped oil and gas reserves as described in the PP&E impairment test. The recoverable amount is the greater of fair value less costs of disposal or value-in-use. Fair value less costs of disposal is derived by estimating the discounted after-tax future net cash flows from proved plus probable oil and gas reserves, plus the fair market value of undeveloped land. Value-in-use is assessed using the expected future cash flows from proved plus probable oil and gas reserves discounted at a pre-tax rate.

Impairments of E&E assets are reversed when there has been a subsequent increase in the recoverable amount, but only to the extent of what the carrying amount would have been, net of amortization, had no impairment been recognized.


d)	Decommissioning Liability

The Company recognizes the present value of a decommissioning liability in the period in which it is incurred. The obligation is recorded as a liability on a discounted basis using the relevant risk free rate, with a corresponding increase to the carrying amount of the related asset. Over time, the liabilities are accreted for the change in their present value and the capitalized costs are depleted on a unit-of-production basis over the life of the underlying proved plus probable reserves. Accretion expense is recognized in net income. Revisions to the discount rate, estimated timing or amount of future cash flows would also result in an increase or decrease to the decommissioning liability and related asset.


e)	Reclamation Fund

The Company established a reclamation fund to fund future decommissioning costs and environmental initiatives. Effective January 1, 2017, the Board of Directors approved contributions of $0.35 per barrel of oil equivalent of production. There were no contributions to the fund during 2016. Additional contributions can be made at the discretion of management. Management continued to make contributions to the fund during 2018.


f)	Goodwill

The Company records goodwill relating to business combinations when the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the net identifiable assets and liabilities of the acquired business. The goodwill balance is assessed for impairment annually or as events occur that could result in impairment. Goodwill is tested for impairment at an operating segment level by combining the carrying amounts of PP&E, adjusted for the discounted abandonment and reclamation costs on proved plus probable undeveloped oil and gas reserves as described in the PP&E impairment test, E&E assets and goodwill and comparing this to the recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of fair value less costs of disposal or value-in-use. Fair value less costs of disposal is derived by estimating the discounted after-tax future net cash flows from proved plus probable oil and gas reserves, plus the fair market value of undeveloped land. Value-in-use is assessed using the expected future cash flows from proved plus probable oil and gas reserves discounted at a pre-tax rate. Any excess of the carrying amount over the recoverable amount is the impairment amount. Impairment charges, which are not tax affected, are recognized in net income. Goodwill is reported at cost less any accumulated impairment. Goodwill impairments are not reversed.


g)	Share-based Compensation

Restricted shares granted under the Restricted Share Bonus Plan are accounted for at fair value. Share-based compensation expense is determined based on the estimated fair value of shares on the date of grant. Forfeitures are estimated at the grant date. The expense is recognized over the service period, with a corresponding increase to contributed surplus. The Company capitalizes the portion of share-based compensation directly attributable to development activities, with a corresponding decrease to share-based compensation expense. At the time the restricted shares vest, the issuance of shares is recorded as an increase to shareholders’ capital and a corresponding decrease to contributed surplus.

Performance share units ("PSUs") are accounted for at fair value. Share-based compensation expense is determined based on the estimated fair value of the PSUs on the date of the grant and subsequently adjusted to reflect the fair value at each period end. Market performance conditions are factored into the fair value and the best estimate of non-market performance conditions is used to determine an estimate of the number of units that will vest. Fair value is based on the expected cash payment per PSU and the expected number of PSUs to vest, calculated from multipliers based on internal and external performance metrics. The expense is recognized over the service period, with a corresponding increase to long-term compensation liability. PSUs are settled in cash upon vesting based on the prevailing Crescent Point share price, accrued dividends and the performance multipliers.

Deferred share units (“DSUs”) are accounted for at fair value. Share-based compensation expense is determined based on the estimated fair value of the DSUs on the date of the grant and subsequently adjusted to reflect the fair value at each period end. Fair value is based on the prevailing Crescent Point share price.


h)	Income Taxes

The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the estimated effect of any differences between the accounting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, using enacted or substantively enacted income tax rates expected to apply when the deferred tax asset or liability is settled. The effect of a change in income tax rates on deferred income taxes is recognized in net income in the period in which the change occurs.

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognized in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

The Company is able to deduct certain settlements under its Restricted Share Bonus Plan. To the extent the tax deduction exceeds the cumulative remuneration cost for a particular restricted share grant recorded in net income, the tax benefit related to the excess is recorded directly within equity.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are presented as non-current.


i)	Financial Instruments

The Company has early adopted IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”), with a date of initial application of January 1, 2010. This standard replaced the current multiple classification and measurement model for non-equity financial assets and liabilities with a single model that has only two classification categories: amortized cost and fair value. Classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing financial instruments and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial instrument.

In addition, the fair value option for financial liabilities was amended. The changes in fair value attributable to a liability’s credit risk will be recorded in other comprehensive income rather than through net income, unless this presentation creates an accounting mismatch. Changes in fair value attributable to a financial liability’s credit risk are not subsequently reclassified to net income.

For investments in equity instruments which are not subject to control, joint control, or significant influence, on initial recognition IFRS 9 allows an entity to irrevocably elect classification at “fair value through profit or loss” or “fair value through other comprehensive income”.

Effective January 1, 2013, the Company adopted the amendment to IFRS 9 which presented a new hedge accounting model. The Company does not currently apply hedge accounting. In July 2014, IFRS 9 was further amended to include guidance to assess and recognize impairment losses on financial assets based on an expected loss model. This amendment was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2018. See Note 4 - "Changes in Accounting Policies" for additional information regarding future changes in accounting policies.

The Company uses financial derivative instruments and physical delivery commodity contracts from time to time to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices, foreign exchange rates and interest rates. The Company also makes investments in companies from time to time in connection with the Company’s acquisition and divestiture activities.

Financial derivative instruments

Financial derivative instruments are included in current assets/liabilities except for those with maturities greater than 12 months after the end of the reporting period, which are classified as non-current assets/liabilities.

The Company has not designated any of its financial derivative contracts as effective accounting hedges and, accordingly, fair values its financial derivative contracts with the resulting gains and losses recorded in net income.

The fair value of a financial derivative instrument on initial recognition is normally the transaction price. Subsequent to initial recognition, the fair values are based on quoted market prices where available from active markets, otherwise fair values are estimated based on market prices at the reporting date for similar assets or liabilities with similar terms and conditions, or by discounting future payments of interest and principal at estimated interest rates that would be available to the Company at the reporting date.

Financial assets and liabilities

Financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on initial recognition. For non-equity instruments, measurement in subsequent periods depends on the classification of the financial asset or liability as “fair value through profit or loss” or “amortized cost”.

Financial assets and liabilities classified as fair value through profit or loss are subsequently carried at fair value, with changes recognized in net income.

Financial assets and liabilities classified as amortized cost are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.

Currently, the Company classifies all non-equity financial instruments which are not financial derivative instruments as amortized cost.

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset carried at amortized cost is impaired. If such evidence exists, the Company recognizes an impairment loss in net income. Impairment losses are reversed in subsequent periods if the impairment loss decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized.

For investments in equity instruments, the subsequent measurement is dependent on the Company’s election to classify such instruments as fair value through profit or loss or fair value through other comprehensive income. Currently, the Company classifies all investments in equity instruments as fair value through profit or loss, whereby the Company recognizes movements in the fair value of the investment (adjusted for dividends) in net income. If the fair value through other comprehensive income classification is selected, the Company would recognize any dividends from the investment in net income and would recognize fair value re-measurements of the investment in other comprehensive income.


j)	Business Combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured at their fair values at the acquisition date. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of the acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets acquired, the difference is recognized immediately in net income. Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred.


k)	Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign operations

The Company has operations in the U.S. transacted via U.S. subsidiaries. The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are restated to Canadian dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to Canadian dollars using the average exchange rate for the period. The resulting unrealized gain or loss is included in other comprehensive income.

Foreign transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies not incurred by the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries are translated to Canadian dollars at exchange rates in effect at the transaction dates. Foreign currency assets and liabilities are restated to Canadian dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and income and expenses are restated to Canadian dollars using the average exchange rate for the period. Both realized and unrealized gains and losses resulting from the settlement or restatement of foreign currency transactions are included in net income.


l)	Revenue Recognition

Oil and gas revenue includes the sale of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids and is recognized when the risks and rewards of ownership have been substantially transferred.


m)	Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less.


n)	Leases

Leases in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Leases where the Company assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases within property, plant and equipment.

All of the Company's current leases are treated as operating leases and are recognized in net income on a straight-line basis.


o)	Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing the net income for the period attributable to equity owners of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted EPS is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for dilutive instruments. The number of shares included with respect to dilutive instruments, being restricted shares issued under the Company’s Restricted Share Bonus Plan, is computed using the treasury stock method. The treasury stock method assumes that the deemed proceeds related to unrecognized share-based compensation are used to repurchase shares at the average market price during the period.


p)	Assets Held for Sale

PP&E and E&E assets are classified as held for sale if it is highly probable their carrying amounts will be recovered through a capital disposition rather than through future operating cash flows. This classification requires that, at the balance sheet date, the Company has been engaged in an active sales process to market the properties at a price approximating their fair value, with a transaction expected to close within one year. Before PP&E and E&E assets are classified as held for sale, they are assessed for indicators of impairment or reversal of previously recorded impairments and are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs of disposal. Any impairment charges or recoveries are recognized in net income. Assets held for sale are classified as current assets and are not subject to DD&A. Decommissioning liabilities associated with assets held for sale are classified as current liabilities.