20FR12B/A 1 d487314d20fr12ba.htm 20FR12B/A 20FR12B/A
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F/A

(Amendment No. 7)

(Mark One)

 

x REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) or (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 

¨ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the fiscal year ended

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 

¨ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 001-35505

Brookfield Property Partners L.P.

 

 

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

N/A

 

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Bermuda

 

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

73 Front Street Hamilton, HM 12 Bermuda

 

(Address of principal executive office)

Steven J. Douglas

Brookfield Property Partners L.P.

Brookfield Place

250 Vesey Street, 15th Floor

New York, NY 10281-1023

Tel: 212-417-7000

Fax: 212-417-7196

 

 

(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)


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Copy to:

Mile T. Kurta

Torys LLP

1114 Avenue of the Americas, 23rd Floor

New York, New York 10036-7703

(212) 880-6000

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

 

            Title of each class

 

       

Name of each exchange on which registered

 

Limited Partnership Units

 

                New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

None

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.                                                      N/A

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

 

Yes ¨    No x

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

Yes ¨    No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

Yes ¨    No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

 

Yes ¨    No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer ¨      Accelerated filer ¨                                         Non-accelerated filer x

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

                U.S. GAAP ¨    International Financial Reporting Standards as
issued by the International Accounting Standards Board
   x                                     Other ¨

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

 

Item 17 ¨    Item 18 ¨

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

Yes ¨    No ¨

 

 


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

             Page   
INTRODUCTION AND USE OF CERTAIN TERMS      1   
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS      4   
PART I      6   
  ITEM 1.   

IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

     6   
     1.A.     

DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT

     6   
     1.B.   

ADVISERS

     6   
     1.C.   

AUDITORS

     6   
  ITEM 2.   

OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

     6   
  ITEM 3.   

KEY INFORMATION

     6   
     3.A.   

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

     6   
     3.B.   

CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS

     7   
     3.C.   

REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS

     8   
     3.D.   

RISK FACTORS

     8   
  ITEM 4.   

INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

     39   
     4.A.   

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY

     39   
     4.B.   

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

     43   
     4.C.   

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

     64   
     4.D.   

PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT

     69   
  ITEM 5.   

OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

     69   
     5.A.   

OPERATING RESULTS

     69   
     5.B.   

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

     119   
     5.C.   

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.

     120   
     5.D.   

TREND INFORMATION

     120   
     5.E.   

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

     121   
     5.F.   

TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

     121   
  ITEM 6.   

DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

     121   
     6.A.   

DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT

     121   
     6.B.   

COMPENSATION

     124   
     6.C.   

BOARD PRACTICES

     125   
     6.D.   

EMPLOYEES

     128   
     6.E.   

SHARE OWNERSHIP

     128   
  ITEM 7.   

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

     129   
     7.A.   

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS

     129   
     7.B.   

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

     130   
     7.C.   

INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL

     142   
  ITEM 8.   

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

     143   
     8.A.   

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL
INFORMATION

     143   
     8.B.   

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES

     143   
  ITEM 9.   

THE OFFER AND LISTING

     143   
     9.A.   

OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS

     143   
     9.B.   

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

     143   
     9.C.   

MARKETS

     143   
     9.D.   

SELLING SHAREHOLDERS

     143   
     9.E.   

DILUTION

     144   

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

             Page   
     9.F.   

EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE

     144   
  ITEM 10.   

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

     144   
     10.A.   

SHARE CAPITAL

     144   
     10.B.   

MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

     144   
     10.C.   

MATERIAL CONTRACTS

     169   
     10.D.   

EXCHANGE CONTROLS

     170   
     10.E.   

TAXATION

     170   
     10.F.   

DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS

     197   
     10.G.   

STATEMENT BY EXPERTS

     199   
     10.H.   

DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY

     200   
     10.I.   

SUBSIDIARY INFORMATION

     200   
  ITEM 11.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK      201   
  ITEM 12.   

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

     201   
     12.A.   

DEBT SECURITIES

     201   
     12.B.   

WARRANTS AND RIGHTS

     201   
     12.C.   

OTHER SECURITIES

     201   
     12.D.   

AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

     201   
PART II      202   
  ITEM 13.   

DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

     202   
  ITEM 14.    MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY
HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
     202   
  ITEM 15.   

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

     202   
  ITEM 16.   

[RESERVED]

     202   
     16.A.   

AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERTS

     202   
     16.B.   

CODE OF ETHICS

     202   
     16.C.   

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

     202   
     16.D.    EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES      202   
     16.E.    PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND
AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
     202   
     16.F.   

CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

     202   
     16.G.   

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

     202   
     16.H   

MINING SAFETY DISCLOSURE

     202   
PART III      203   
  ITEM 17.   

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

     203   
  ITEM 18.   

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

     203   
  ITEM 19.   

EXHIBITS

     203   
SIGNATURES      204   
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS      F-1   

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL

  
 

STATEMENTS OF BROOKFIELD PROPERTY PARTNERS L.P.

     PF-1   

 

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INTRODUCTION AND USE OF CERTAIN TERMS

We have prepared this Form 20-F using a number of conventions, which you should consider when reading the information contained herein. Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, in this Form 20-F:

 

   

the disclosure assumes that the spin-off has been completed;

 

   

operating and other statistical information with respect to our portfolio is presented as of September 30, 2012, as if we owned our portfolio as of such date although we will not acquire the commercial property operations of Brookfield Asset Management until shortly before the spin-off;

 

   

all operating and other statistical information is presented as if we own 100% of each property in our portfolio, regardless of whether we own all of the interests in each property, but unless otherwise specified excludes interests in Brookfield-sponsored real estate opportunity and finance funds and our interest in Canary Wharf Group plc, or Canary Wharf;

 

   

all financial information is presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IFRS, other than certain non-IFRS financial measures which are defined under “Use of Non-IFRS Measures”; and

 

   

the disclosure on Brookfield Asset Management’s ownership in our business following the spin-off does not reflect the portion of our units that Brookfield Asset Management will withhold in connection with the satisfaction of Canadian federal and U.S. “backup” withholding tax requirements for non-Canadian registered shareholders.

In this Form 20-F, unless the context suggests otherwise, references to “we”, “us” and “our” are to our company, the Property Partnership, the Holding Entities and the operating entities, each as defined below, taken together. Unless the context suggests otherwise, in this Form 20-F references to:

 

   

an “affiliate” of any person are to any other person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such person;

 

   

“assets under management” are to assets managed by us or by Brookfield on behalf of our third party investors, as well as our own assets, and also include capital commitments that have not yet been drawn. Our calculation of assets under management may differ from that employed by other asset managers and, as a result, this measure may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other asset managers;

 

   

“Australia” are to Australia and New Zealand;

 

   

the “BPY General Partner” are to the general partner of our company, which prior to the spin-off will be 1648285 Alberta ULC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management, and following completion of the spin-off will be Brookfield Property Partners Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management;

 

   

“Brookfield” are to Brookfield Asset Management and any subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management, other than us;

 

   

“Brookfield Asset Management” are to Brookfield Asset Management Inc.;

 

   

“our business” are to our business of owning, operating and investing in commercial property, both directly and through our operating entities;

 

   

“our company” or “our partnership” are to Brookfield Property Partners L.P., a Bermuda exempted limited partnership;

 

   

“commercial property” or “commercial properties” are to commercial and other real property which generates or has the potential to generate income, including office, retail, multi-family and

 

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industrial assets, but does not include, among other things, residential land development, home building, construction, real estate advisory and other similar operations or services;

 

   

“Holding Entities” are to the primary holding subsidiaries of the Property Partnership, from time to time, through which it indirectly holds all of our interests in our operating entities;

 

   

“our limited partnership agreement” are to the amended and restated limited partnership agreement of our company to be entered into on or about the date of the spin-off;

 

   

the “Managers” are to the affiliates of Brookfield that provide services to us pursuant to our Master Services Agreement, which are expected to be Brookfield Global Management Limited, which is a subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management, and unless the context otherwise requires, any other affiliate of Brookfield that is appointed by Brookfield Global Management Limited from time to time to act as a Manager pursuant to our Master Services Agreement;

 

   

“Master Services Agreement” are to the master services agreement among the Service Recipients, the Managers, and certain other subsidiaries of Brookfield Asset Management who are parties thereto;

 

   

“operating entities” are to the entities in which the Holding Entities hold interests and that directly or indirectly hold our real estate assets other than entities in which the Holding Entities hold interests for investment purposes only of less than 5% of the equity securities;

 

   

“our portfolio” are to the commercial property assets in our office, retail, multi-family and industrial and opportunistic investment platforms, as applicable;

 

   

the “Property General Partner” are to the general partner of the Property GP LP, which prior to the spin-off will be 1648287 Alberta ULC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management, and following completion of the spin-off will be Brookfield Property General Partner Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management;

 

   

the “Property GP LP” are to Brookfield Property GP L.P., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management, which serves as the general partner of the Property Partnership;

 

   

the “Property Partnership” are to Brookfield Property L.P.;

 

   

the “Redemption-Exchange Mechanism” are to the mechanism by which Brookfield may request redemption of its Redemption-Exchange Units in whole or in part in exchange for cash, subject to the right of our company to acquire such interests (in lieu of such redemption) in exchange for units of our company, as more fully described in Item 10.B. “Additional Information — Memorandum and Articles of Association — Description of the Property Partnership Limited Partnership Agreement — Redemption-Exchange Mechanism”;

 

   

the “Redemption-Exchange Units” are to the non-voting limited partnership interests in the Property Partnership that are redeemable for cash, subject to the right of our company to acquire such interests (in lieu of such redemption) in exchange for units of our company, pursuant to the Redemption-Exchange Mechanism;

 

   

“Service Recipients” are to our company, the Property Partnership, the Holding Entities and, at the option of the Holding Entities, any wholly-owned subsidiary of a Holding Entity excluding any operating entity;

 

   

“spin-off” are to the special dividend of our units by Brookfield Asset Management as described under Item 4.A. “Information on the Company — History and Development of the Company — The Spin-Off”; and

 

   

“our units” and “units of our company” are to the non-voting limited partnership units in our company and references to “our unitholders” and “our limited partners” are to the holders of our units.

 

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Historical Performance and Market Data

This Form 20-F contains information relating to our business as well as historical performance and market data for Brookfield Asset Management and certain of its operating platforms. When considering this data, you should bear in mind that historical results and market data may not be indicative of the future results that you should expect from us.

Financial Information

The financial information contained in this Form 20-F is presented in U.S. Dollars and, unless otherwise indicated, has been prepared in accordance with IFRS. All figures are unaudited unless otherwise indicated. In this Form 20-F, all references to “$” are to U.S. Dollars. Canadian Dollars, Australian Dollars, New Zealand Dollars, British Pounds, Euros and Brazilian Reais are identified as “C$”, “A$”, “NZ$”, “£”, “€” and “R$”, respectively.

Use of Non-IFRS Measures

In addition to results reported in accordance with IFRS, we use certain non-IFRS financial measures, such as property net operating income (“NOI”), funds from operations (“FFO”) and total return (“Total Return”) to evaluate our performance and to determine the net asset values of our business. These terms do not have standard meanings prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. NOI, FFO and Total Return should not be regarded as alternatives to other financial reporting measures prepared in accordance with IFRS and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for measures prepared in accordance with IFRS.

We define NOI as revenues from commercial and hospitality operations of consolidated properties less direct commercial property and hospitality expenses, with the exception of depreciation and amortization of real estate assets. NOI is used as a key indicator of performance as it represents a measure over which management has a certain degree of control. We evaluate the performance of our office segment by evaluating NOI from “Existing properties”, or “same store” basis, and NOI from “Additions, dispositions and other” due to, among other things, the consolidation of the U.S. Office Fund during the period as discussed in Item 5.A. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Operating Results — Overview of Our Business”. NOI from existing properties compares the performance of the property portfolio by excluding the effect of current and prior period dispositions and acquisitions, including developments, and “one-time items ”, which for the historical periods presented consists primarily of lease termination income. NOI presented within “Additions, dispositions and other” includes the results of current and prior period acquired, developed and sold properties, as well as the one-time items excluded from the “Existing properties” portion of NOI. We do not evaluate the performance of the operating results of the retail segment on a similar basis as the majority of our investments in the retail segment are accounted for under the equity method and, as a result, are not included in NOI. Similarly, we do not evaluate the operating results of our other segments on a same store basis based on the nature of the investments as the variances between same store and total NOI are not material.

Our definition of FFO includes all of the adjustments that are outlined in the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, definition of funds from operations, including the exclusion of gains (or losses) from the sale of real estate property, the add back of any depreciation and amortization related to real estate assets and the adjustment for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. In addition to the adjustments prescribed by NAREIT, we also make adjustments to exclude any unrealized fair value gains (or losses) that arise as a result of reporting under IFRS, and income taxes that arise as certain of our subsidiaries are structured as corporations as opposed to real estate investment trusts, or REITs. These additional adjustments result in an FFO measure that is similar to that which would result if the company was organized as a REIT that determined net income in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, which is the type of organization on which the NAREIT definition is premised. Our FFO measure will differ from other organizations

 

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applying the NAREIT definition to the extent of certain differences between the IFRS and U.S. GAAP reporting frameworks, principally related to the recognition of lease termination income, which do not have a significant impact on the FFO measure reported. Because FFO excludes fair value gains (losses) (including equity accounted fair value gains (losses)), realized gains (losses), depreciation and amortization of real estate assets and income tax expense (benefits), it provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs and interest costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income. We reconcile FFO to net income attributable to Brookfield rather than cash flow from operating activities as we believe net income is the most comparable measure.

We define Total Return as income before income tax expense (benefit) and the related non-controlling interests. Total Return is used as a key indicator of performance as we believe that our performance is best assessed by considering FFO plus the increase or decrease in the value of our assets over a period of time because that is the basis on which we make investment decisions and operate our business.

On pages 94 and 107 of this Form 20-F, we provide reconciliations of NOI, FFO and Total Return to net income (loss) attributable to parent company for the periods presented. We urge you to review the IFRS financial measures in this Form 20-F, including the financial statements, the notes thereto, our pro forma financial statements and the other financial information contained herein, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our company.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 20-F contains certain forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements in this Form 20-F include statements regarding the anticipated benefits of the spin-off, the quality of our assets, our anticipated financial performance, our company’s future growth prospects, our ability to make distributions and the amount of such distributions, the listing and liquidity of our units and our company’s access to capital. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “plan”, “potential”, “should”, “will” and “would” or the negative of those terms or other comparable terminology.

The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us or within our control. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. The following factors, among others, could cause our actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements:

 

   

changes in the general economy;

 

   

the cyclical nature of the real estate industry;

 

   

actions of competitors;

 

   

failure to attract new tenants and enter into renewal or new leases with tenants on favorable terms;

 

   

our ability to derive fully anticipated benefits from future or existing acquisitions, joint ventures, investments or dispositions;

 

   

actions or potential actions that could be taken by our co-venturers, partners, fund investors or co-tenants;

 

   

the bankruptcy, insolvency, credit deterioration or other default of our tenants;

 

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actions or potential actions that could be taken by Brookfield;

 

   

the departure of some or all of Brookfield’s key professionals;

 

   

the threat of litigation;

 

   

changes to legislation and regulations;

 

   

possible environmental liabilities and other possible liabilities;

 

   

our ability to obtain adequate insurance at commercially reasonable rates;

 

   

our financial condition and liquidity;

 

   

downgrading of credit ratings and adverse conditions in the credit markets;

 

   

changes in financial markets, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates or political conditions;

 

   

the general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our units; and

 

   

other factors described in this Form 20-F, including those set forth under Item 3.D. “Key Information — Risk Factors”, Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and Item 4.B. “Information on the Company — Business Overview”.

Except as required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. We qualify any and all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary factors. Please keep this cautionary note in mind as you read this Form 20-F.

 

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PART I

 

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

1.A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT

For information regarding our directors and senior management, see Item 6.A. “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Directors and Senior Management”.

1.B. ADVISERS

Our U.S. and Canadian legal counsel is Torys LLP, 1114 Avenue of the Americas, 23rd Floor, New York, New York 10036. Our Bermuda legal counsel is Appleby, Canon’s Court, 22 Victoria Street, PO Box HM 1179, Hamilton, Bermuda.

1.C. AUDITORS

The BPY General Partner has retained Deloitte LLP to act as our company’s independent registered chartered accountants. The address for Deloitte LLP is Brookfield Place, 181 Bay Street, Suite 1400, Toronto, Ontario, M5J 2V1.

 

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

3.A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables present selected financial data for Brookfield’s commercial property operations and are derived from, and should be read in conjunction with, the carve-out financial statements of Brookfield’s commercial property operations as at September 30, 2012, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, and the notes thereto, and as at December 31, 2011 and 2010, and for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, and the notes thereto, each of which is included elsewhere in this Form 20-F. The information in this section should also be read in conjunction with our unaudited pro forma financial statements (“Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Statements”) as at September 30, 2012 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and for the year ended December 31, 2011, included elsewhere in this Form 20-F.

 

 

     Three months ended Sep. 30,      Nine months ended Sep. 30,  
(US$ Millions)    2012      2011      2012      2011  

Total revenue

   $         1,024       $ 758       $         2,759       $         2,045   

Net income

     827                 971         2,087         2,921   

Net income attributable to parent company

     396         583         1,072         1,823   

FFO(1)

     183         157         487         451   

 

 

(1) FFO is a non-IFRS measure. See page 94 of this Form 20-F for a reconciliation of FFO to net income (loss) attributable to parent company.

 

 

(US$ Millions) Years ended December 31,    2011      2010      2009  

Total revenue

   $         2,820       $         2,270       $         1,999   

Net income (loss)

     3,745         2,109         (734

Net income (loss) attributable to parent company

     2,323         1,026         (477

FFO(1)

     576         426         391   

 

 

(1) FFO is a non-IFRS measure. See page 107 of this Form 20-F for a reconciliation of FFO to net income (loss) attributable to parent company.

 

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(US$ Millions)    Sep. 30, 2012      Dec. 31, 2011      Dec. 31, 2010  

Investment properties

   $         29,819       $         27,594       $         20,960   

Equity accounted investments

     7,871         6,888         4,402   

Total assets

     45,641         40,317         30,567   

Property debt

     18,463         15,387         11,964   

Total equity

     23,649         21,494         15,144   

Equity in net assets attributable to parent company

     12,955         11,881         7,464   

 

3.B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS

The following table sets forth our company’s pro forma capitalization and indebtedness as at the dates indicated below on an actual basis and as adjusted to give effect to the spin-off as well as the other transactions referred to in the Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Form 20-F, as though they had occurred on September 30, 2012.

This information should be read in conjunction with Item 5.A. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Operating Results” and Item 5.B. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Liquidity and Capital Resources” and the Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Form 20-F.

 

As at September 30, 2012

 

(US$ Millions)    Actual (1)      Pro Forma  

Total Assets

     —         $         44,637   

Debt

     

Property debt

     —           17,866   

Capital securities

     —           2,122   

Total Debt

     —           19,988   

Other liabilities

     —           2,600   

Total Liabilities

     —           22,588   

Equity in net assets

     

Non-controlling interests:

     

Interests of others in consolidated subsidiaries

     —           10,652   

Redeemable/Exchangeable operating partnership units held by parent

     —           9,247   

Total non-controlling interests

     —           19,899   

Limited partnership units

     —           2,150   

Total Equity

     —           22,049   

Debt to total capitalization (total debt / total assets)

     —           45

 

(1) Balance sheet of our company as at January 15, 2013, which includes partnership equity of $0.001 million which is not presented due to rounding.

A significant component of our pro forma total equity of approximately $22.0 billion as at September 30, 2012 is comprised of (a) interests of others in consolidated subsidiaries in the amount of approximately $10.7 billion and (b) the Redemption-Exchange Units of the Property Partnership currently held by Brookfield in the amount of approximately $9.2 billion. The Redemption-Exchange Units provide Brookfield the direct economic benefits and exposures to the underlying performance of the Property Partnership and accordingly to the variability of the distributions as outlined in the Property Partnership Limited Partnership Agreement (see Item 10.B. “Additional Information — Memorandum and Articles of Association — Description of the Property Partnership Limited Partnership Agreement — Distributions”), whereas our unitholders have indirect access to the economic benefits and exposures of the Property Partnership through direct ownership interest in our company which owns a direct interest in the Property Partnership. Accordingly, the Redemption-Exchange Units, comprising approximately $9.2 billion of our company’s total equity, are presented as non-controlling interests rather than equity of parent company in the Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Statements. The limited partnership units issued by our company of approximately $2.2 billion are presented as the equity of parent company.

At any time after two years from the date of closing of the spin-off, Brookfield will have the right to require the Property Partnership to redeem all or a portion of the Redemption-Exchange Units for cash, subject to our company’s right to acquire such interests for our units. After presentation for redemption, Brookfield will

 

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receive, subject to our company’s right to acquire such interests (in lieu of redemption) in exchange for units of our company, for each unit that is presented, either (a) cash in an amount equal to the market value of one of our units multiplied by the number of units to be redeemed or (b) such other amount of cash as may be agreed by Brookfield and the Property Partnership. Upon its receipt of the redemption notice, our company will have a right to elect, at its sole discretion, to acquire all (but not less than all) Redemption-Exchange Units presented to the Property Partnership for redemption in exchange for units of our company on a one for one basis. If we elect not to exchange the Redemption-Exchange units for units of our company, the Redemption-Exchange units are required to be redeemed for cash. See Item 10.B. “Additional Information — Memorandum and Articles of Association — Description of the Property Partnership Limited Partnership Agreement — Redemption-Exchange Mechanism”.

3.C. REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

3.D. RISK FACTORS

Your holding of units of our company will involve substantial risks. You should carefully consider the following factors in addition to the other information set forth in this Form 20-F. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations and the value of your units would likely suffer.

Risks Relating to Us and Our Company

Our company is a newly formed partnership with no separate operating history and the historical and pro forma financial information included herein does not reflect the financial condition or operating results we would have achieved during the periods presented, and therefore may not be a reliable indicator of our future financial performance.

Our company was formed on January 3, 2013 and has only recently commenced its activities and has not generated any significant net income to date. Our lack of operating history will make it difficult to assess our ability to operate profitably and make distributions to unitholders. Although some of our assets and operations have been under Brookfield’s control prior to the formation of our company, their combined results have not previously been reported on a stand-alone basis and the historical and pro forma financial statements included in this Form 20-F may not be indicative of our future financial condition or operating results. We urge you to carefully consider the basis on which the historical and pro forma financial information included herein was prepared and presented.

Our company relies on the Property Partnership and, indirectly, the Holding Entities and our operating entities to provide us with the funds necessary to pay distributions and meet our financial obligations.

Our company’s sole direct investment is its limited partnership interest in the Property Partnership, which owns all of the common shares or equity interests, as applicable, of the Holding Entities, through which we hold all of our interests in the operating entities. Our company has no independent means of generating revenue. As a result, we depend on distributions and other payments from the Property Partnership and, indirectly, the Holding Entities and our operating entities to provide us with the funds necessary to pay distributions on our units and to meet our financial obligations. The Property Partnership, the Holding Entities and our operating entities are legally distinct from our company and they will generally be required to service their debt obligations before making distributions to us or their parent entity, as applicable, thereby reducing the amount of our cash flow available to pay distributions on our units, fund working capital and satisfy other needs. Any other entities through which we may conduct operations in the future will also be legally distinct from our company and may be restricted in their ability to pay dividends and distributions or otherwise make funds available to our company under certain conditions.

 

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We anticipate that the only distributions our company will receive in respect of our limited partnership interests in the Property Partnership will consist of amounts that are intended to assist our company in making distributions to our unitholders in accordance with our company’s distribution policy and to allow our company to pay expenses as they become due.

We may not be able to make distributions to holders of our units in amounts intended or at all.

Our company intends to make quarterly cash distributions in an initial amount currently anticipated to be approximately $1.00 per unit on an annualized basis, which initially represents an estimated dividend yield of approximately 4% of our expected initial value per unit of $25.00 upon spin-off estimated as of December 31, 2012. However, despite our projections, there can be no assurance that we will be able to make such distributions or meet our target growth rate range of 3% to 5% annually. Based on amounts received in distributions from our operating entities and our projected operating cash flow from our direct investments, our proposed distributions would be significantly greater than such amounts. Although we may use distributions from our operating entities, the proceeds of sales of certain of our direct investments and/or borrowings to fund any shortfall in distributions, we may not be able to do so on a consistent and sustainable basis. Our ability to make distributions will depend on several other factors, some of which are out of our control, including, among other things, general economic conditions, our results of operations and financial condition, the amount of cash that is generated by our operations and investments, restrictions imposed by the terms of any indebtedness that is incurred to finance our operations and investments or to fund liquidity needs, levels of operating and other expenses, and contingent liabilities, any or all of which could prevent us from meeting our anticipated distribution levels. Finally, the BPY General Partner has sole authority to determine when and if our distributions will be made in respect of our units, and there can be no assurance that the BPY General Partner will declare and pay the distributions on our units as intended or at all.

We are subject to foreign currency risk and our risk management activities may adversely affect the performance of our operations.

Some of our assets and operations are in countries where the U.S. Dollar is not the functional currency. These operations pay distributions in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar which we must convert to U.S. Dollars prior to making distributions on our units. A significant depreciation in the value of such foreign currencies may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

When managing our exposure to such market risks, we may use forward contracts, options, swaps, caps, collars and floors or pursue other strategies or use other forms of derivative instruments. The success of any hedging or other derivative transactions that we enter into generally will depend on our ability to structure contracts that appropriately offset our risk position. As a result, while we may enter into such transactions in order to reduce our exposure to market risks, unanticipated market changes may result in poorer overall investment performance than if the transaction had not been executed. Such transactions may also limit the opportunity for gain if the value of a hedged position increases.

Our company is not, and does not intend to become, regulated as an investment company under the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940 (and similar legislation in other jurisdictions) and if our company were deemed an “investment company” under the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, applicable restrictions would make it impractical for us to operate as contemplated.

The U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules thereunder (and similar legislation in other jurisdictions) provide certain protections to investors and impose certain restrictions on companies that are registered as investment companies. Among other things, such rules limit or prohibit transactions with affiliates, impose limitations on the issuance of debt and equity securities and impose certain governance requirements. Our company has not been and does not intend to become regulated as an investment company and our company intends to conduct its activities so it will not be deemed to be an investment company under the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940 (and similar legislation in other jurisdictions). In order to ensure that our company is not

 

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deemed to be an investment company, we may be required to materially restrict or limit the scope of our operations or plans, we will be limited in the types of acquisitions that we may make and we may need to modify our organizational structure or dispose of assets that we would not otherwise dispose of. Moreover, if anything were to happen which would potentially cause our company to be deemed an investment company under the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, it would be impractical for us to operate as intended, agreements and arrangements between and among us and Brookfield would be impaired and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected. Accordingly, we would be required to take extraordinary steps to address the situation, such as the amendment or termination of our Master Services Agreement, the restructuring of our company and the Holding Entities, the amendment of our limited partnership agreement or the termination of our company, any of which would materially adversely affect the value of our units. In addition, if our company were deemed to be an investment company under the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, it would be taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and such treatment would materially adversely affect the value of our units. See Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — U.S. Tax Considerations — Partnership Status of Our Company and the Property Partnership”.

Our company is a “foreign private issuer” under U.S. securities laws and as a result is subject to disclosure obligations different from requirements applicable to U.S. domestic registrants listed on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE.

Although our company is subject to the periodic reporting requirement of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the periodic disclosure required of foreign private issuers under the Exchange Act is different from periodic disclosure required of U.S. domestic registrants. Therefore, there may be less publicly available information about us than is regularly published by or about other public companies in the United States and our company is exempt from certain other sections of the Exchange Act that U.S. domestic registrants would otherwise be subject to, including the requirement to provide our unitholders with information statements or proxy statements that comply with the Exchange Act. In addition, insiders and large unitholders of our company will not be obligated to file reports under Section 16 of the Exchange Act and certain of the governance rules imposed by the NYSE will be inapplicable to our company.

Our company is expected to be an “SEC foreign issuer” under Canadian securities regulations and exempt from certain requirements of Canadian securities laws.

Although our company will become a reporting issuer in Canada, we expect it will be an “SEC foreign issuer” and exempt from certain Canadian securities laws relating to continuous disclosure obligations and proxy solicitation if our company complies with certain reporting requirements applicable in the United States, provided that the relevant documents filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, are filed in Canada and sent to our company’s unitholders in Canada to the extent and in the manner and within the time required by applicable U.S. requirements. Therefore, there may be less publicly available information in Canada about us than is regularly published by or about other reporting issuers in Canada.

We may be subject to the risks commonly associated with a separation of economic interest from control or the incurrence of debt at multiple levels within an organizational structure.

Our ownership and organizational structure is similar to structures whereby one company controls another company which in turn holds controlling interests in other companies; thereby, the company at the top of the chain may control the company at the bottom of the chain even if its effective equity position in the bottom company is less than a controlling interest. Brookfield is the sole shareholder of the BPY General Partner and, as a result of such ownership of the BPY General Partner, Brookfield will be able to control the appointment and removal of the BPY General Partner’s directors and, accordingly, will exercise substantial influence over us. In turn, we often have a majority controlling interest or a significant influence in our investments. Even though Brookfield will initially have an effective economic interest in our business of approximately 92.5% as a result of its ownership of our units and

 

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the Redemption-Exchange Units, over time Brookfield may reduce this economic interest while still maintaining its controlling interest, and therefore Brookfield may use its control rights in a manner that conflicts with the economic interests of our other unitholders. For example, despite the fact that our company has a conflicts policy in place which addresses the requirement for independent approval and other requirements for transactions in which there is greater potential for a conflict of interest to arise, including transactions with affiliates of Brookfield, because Brookfield will be able to exert substantial influence over us, and, in turn, over our investments, there is a greater risk of transfer of assets of our investments at non-arm’s length values to Brookfield and its affiliates. In addition, debt incurred at multiple levels within the chain of control could exacerbate the separation of economic interest from controlling interest at such levels, thereby creating an incentive to leverage our company and our investments. Any such increase in debt would also make us more sensitive to declines in revenues, increases in expenses and interest rates, and adverse market conditions. The servicing of any such debt would also reduce the amount of funds available to pay distributions to our company and ultimately to our unitholders.

Risks Relating to Our Business

Our economic performance and the value of our assets are subject to the risks incidental to the ownership and operation of real estate assets.

Our economic performance, the value of our assets and, therefore, the value of our units are subject to the risks normally associated with the ownership and operation of real estate assets, including but not limited to:

 

   

downturns and trends in the national, regional and local economic conditions where our properties and other assets are located;

 

   

the cyclical nature of the real estate industry;

 

   

local real estate market conditions, such as an oversupply of commercial properties, including space available by sublease, or a reduction in demand for such properties;

 

   

changes in interest rates and the availability of financing;

 

   

competition from other properties;

 

   

changes in market rental rates and our ability to rent space on favorable terms;

 

   

the bankruptcy, insolvency, credit deterioration or other default of our tenants;

 

   

the need to periodically renovate, repair and re-lease space and the costs thereof;

 

   

increases in maintenance, insurance and operating costs;

 

   

civil disturbances, earthquakes and other natural disasters, or terrorist acts or acts of war which may result in uninsured or underinsured losses;

 

   

the decrease in the attractiveness of our properties to tenants;

 

   

the decrease in the underlying value of our properties; and

 

   

certain significant expenditures, including property taxes, maintenance costs, mortgage payments, insurance costs and related charges that must be made regardless of whether a property is producing sufficient income to service these expenses.

We are dependent upon the economic conditions of the markets where our assets are located.

We are affected by local, regional, national and international economic conditions and other events and occurrences that affect the markets in which we own assets. A protracted decline in economic conditions will cause downward pressure on our operating margins and asset values as a result of lower demand for space.

 

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Substantially all of our properties are located in North America, Europe, Australia and Brazil. A prolonged downturn in one or more of these economies or the economy of any other country where we own property would result in reduced demand for space and number of prospective tenants and will affect the ability of our properties to generate significant revenue. If there is an increase in operating costs resulting from inflation and other factors, we may not be able to offset such increases by increasing rents.

Additionally, as part of our strategy for our office property platform is to focus on markets underpinned by major financial, energy and professional services businesses, a significant downturn in one or more of the industries in which these businesses operate would also adversely affect our results of operations.

We face risks associated with the use of debt to finance our business, including refinancing risk.

We incur debt in the ordinary course of our business and therefore are subject to the risks associated with debt financing. These risks, including the following, may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations:

 

   

cash flows may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest;

 

   

payments of principal and interest on borrowings may leave insufficient cash resources to pay operating expenses;

 

   

we may not be able to refinance indebtedness on our properties at maturity due to business and market factors, including: disruptions in the capital and credit markets; the estimated cash flows of our properties and other assets; the value of our properties and other assets; and financial, competitive, business and other factors, including factors beyond our control; and

 

   

if refinanced, the terms of a refinancing may not be as favorable as the original terms of the related indebtedness.

Our operating entities have a significant degree of leverage on their assets. Highly leveraged assets are inherently more sensitive to declines in revenues, increases in expenses and interest rates, and adverse market conditions. A leveraged company’s income and net assets also tend to increase or decrease at a greater rate than would otherwise be the case if money had not been borrowed. As a result, the risk of loss associated with a leveraged company, all other things being equal, is generally greater than for companies with comparatively less debt.

We rely on our operating entities to provide our company with the funds necessary to make distributions on our units and meet our financial obligations. The leverage on our assets may affect the funds available to our company if the terms of the debt impose restrictions on the ability of our operating entities to make distributions to our company. In addition, our operating entities will generally have to service their debt obligations before making distributions to our company or their parent entity.

Leverage may also result in a requirement for liquidity, which may force the sale of assets at times of low demand and/or prices for such assets.

We may also incur indebtedness under future credit facilities, such as the revolving credit facility that Brookfield has agreed to provide us, or other debt-like instruments, in addition to any asset-level indebtedness. We may also issue debt or debt-like instruments in the market in the future, which may or may not be rated. Should such debt or debt-like instruments be rated, a credit downgrade will have an adverse impact on the cost of such debt.

In addition, Brookfield holds $1.25 billion of redeemable preferred shares of one of our Holding Entities, which it received as partial consideration for causing the Property Partnership to acquire substantially all of Brookfield Asset Management’s commercial property operations. We have agreed to use our commercially

 

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reasonable efforts to, as soon as reasonably practical, issue debt or equity securities or borrow money from one or more financial institutions or other lenders, on terms reasonably acceptable to us, in an aggregate amount sufficient to fund the redemption of $500 million of the preferred shares. The terms of any such financing may be less favorable to us than the terms of the preferred shares.

If we are unable to refinance our indebtedness on acceptable terms, or at all, we may need to dispose of one or more of our properties or other assets upon disadvantageous terms. In addition, prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing could increase our interest expense, and if we mortgage property to secure payment of indebtedness and are unable to make mortgage payments, the mortgagee could foreclose upon such property or appoint a receiver to receive an assignment of our rents and leases. This may adversely affect our ability to make distributions or payments to our unitholders and lenders.

Restrictive covenants in our indebtedness may limit management’s discretion with respect to certain business matters.

Instruments governing any of our indebtedness or indebtedness of our operating entities or their subsidiaries may contain restrictive covenants limiting our discretion with respect to certain business matters. These covenants could place significant restrictions on, among other things, our ability to create liens or other encumbrances, to make distributions to our unitholders or make certain other payments, investments, loans and guarantees and to sell or otherwise dispose of assets and merge or consolidate with another entity. These covenants could also require us to meet certain financial ratios and financial condition tests. A failure to comply with any such covenants could result in a default which, if not cured or waived, could permit acceleration of the relevant indebtedness.

If we are unable to manage our interest rate risk effectively, our cash flows and operating results may suffer.

Advances under credit facilities and certain property-level mortgage debt bear interest at a variable rate. We may incur further indebtedness in the future that also bears interest at a variable rate or we may be required to refinance our debt at higher rates. In addition, though we attempt to manage interest rate risk, there can be no assurance that we will hedge such exposure effectively or at all in the future. Accordingly, increases in interest rates above that which we anticipate based upon historical trends would adversely affect our cash flows.

We face potential adverse effects from tenant defaults, bankruptcies or insolvencies.

A commercial tenant may experience a downturn in its business, which could cause the loss of that tenant or weaken its financial condition and result in the tenant’s inability to make rental payments when due or, for retail tenants, a reduction in percentage rent payable. If a tenant defaults, we may experience delays and incur costs in enforcing our rights as landlord and protecting our investments.

We cannot evict a tenant solely because of its bankruptcy. In addition, in certain jurisdictions where we own properties, a court may authorize a tenant to reject and terminate its lease. In such a case, our claim against the tenant for unpaid, future rent would be subject to a statutory cap that might be substantially less than the remaining rent owed under the lease. In any event, it is unlikely that a bankrupt or insolvent tenant will pay the full amount it owes under a lease. The loss of rental payments from tenants and costs of re-leasing would adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations. In the case of our retail properties, the bankruptcy or insolvency of an anchor tenant or tenant with stores at many of our properties would cause us to suffer lower revenues and operational difficulties, including difficulties leasing the remainder of the property. Significant expenses associated with each property, such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs, are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the property. In the event of a significant number of lease defaults and/or tenant bankruptcies, our cash flows may not be sufficient to pay cash distributions to our unitholders and repay maturing debt or other obligations.

 

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Reliance on significant tenants could adversely affect our results of operations.

Many of our properties are occupied by one or more significant tenants and, therefore, our revenues from those properties will be materially dependent on the creditworthiness and financial stability of those tenants. Our business would be adversely affected if any of those tenants failed to renew certain of their significant leases, became insolvent, declared bankruptcy or otherwise refused to pay rent in a timely fashion or at all. In the event of a default by one or more significant tenants, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment and re-leasing the property. If a lease of a significant tenant is terminated, it may be difficult, costly and time consuming to attract new tenants and lease the property for the rent previously received.

Our inability to enter into renewal or new leases with tenants on favorable terms or at all for all or a substantial portion of space that is subject to expiring leases would adversely affect our cash flows and operating results.

Our properties generate revenue through rental payments made by tenants of the properties. Upon the expiry of any lease, there can be no assurance that the lease will be renewed or the tenant replaced. The terms of any renewal or replacement lease may be less favorable to us than the existing lease. We would be adversely affected, in particular, if any major tenant ceases to be a tenant and cannot be replaced on similar or better terms or at all. Additionally, we may not be able to lease our properties to an appropriate mix of tenants. Retail tenants may negotiate leases containing exclusive rights to sell particular types of merchandise or services within a particular retail property. When leasing other space after the vacancy of a retail tenant, these provisions may limit the number and types of prospective tenants for the vacant space.

Our competitors may adversely affect our ability to lease our properties which may cause our cash flows and operating results to suffer.

Each segment of the real estate industry is competitive. Numerous other developers, managers and owners of commercial properties compete with us in seeking tenants and, in the case of our multi-family properties, there are numerous housing alternatives which compete with our properties in attracting residents. Some of the properties of our competitors may be newer, better located or better capitalized. These competing properties may have vacancy rates higher than our properties, which may result in their owners being willing to make space available at lower prices than the space in our properties, particularly if there is an oversupply of space available in the market. Competition for tenants could have an adverse effect on our ability to lease our properties and on the rents that we may charge or concessions that we must grant. If our competitors adversely impact our ability to lease our properties, our cash flows and operating results may suffer.

Our ability to realize our strategies and capitalize on our competitive strengths are dependent on the ability of our operating entities to effectively operate our large group of commercial properties, maintain good relationships with tenants, and remain well-capitalized, and our failure to do any of the foregoing would affect our ability to compete effectively in the markets in which we do business.

Our insurance may not cover some potential losses or may not be obtainable at commercially reasonable rates, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We maintain insurance on our properties in amounts and with deductibles that we believe are in line with what owners of similar properties carry; however, our insurance may not cover some potential losses or may not be obtainable at commercially reasonable rates in the future.

There also are certain types of risks (such as war, environmental contamination such as toxic mold, and lease and other contract claims) which are either uninsurable or not economically insurable. Should any uninsured or underinsured loss occur, we could lose our investment in, and anticipated profits and cash flows from, one or more properties, and we would continue to be obligated to repay any recourse mortgage indebtedness on such properties.

 

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Possible terrorist activity could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and our insurance may not cover some losses due to terrorism or may not be obtainable at commercially reasonable rates.

Possible terrorist attacks in the markets where our properties are located may result in declining economic activity, which could reduce the demand for space at our properties, reduce the value of our properties and could harm the demand for goods and services offered by our tenants.

Additionally, terrorist activities could directly affect the value of our properties through damage, destruction or loss. Our office portfolio is concentrated in large metropolitan areas, some of which have been or may be perceived to be subject to terrorist attacks. Many of our office properties consist of high-rise buildings, which may also be subject to this actual or perceived threat. Our insurance may not cover some losses due to terrorism or may not be obtainable at commercially reasonable rates.

We are subject to risks relating to development and redevelopment projects.

On a strategic and selective basis, we may develop and redevelop properties. The real estate development and redevelopment business involves significant risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, including the following:

 

   

we may not be able to complete construction on schedule or within budget, resulting in increased debt service expense and construction costs and delays in leasing the properties;

 

   

we may not have sufficient capital to proceed with planned redevelopment or expansion activities;

 

   

we may abandon redevelopment or expansion activities already under way, which may result in additional cost recognition;

 

   

we may not be able to obtain, or may experience delays in obtaining, all necessary zoning, land-use, building, occupancy and other governmental permits and authorizations;

 

   

we may not be able to lease properties at all or on favorable terms, or occupancy rates and rents at a completed project might not meet projections and, therefore, the project might not be profitable;

 

   

construction costs, total investment amounts and our share of remaining funding may exceed our estimates and projects may not be completed and delivered as planned; and

 

   

upon completion of construction, we may not be able to obtain, or obtain on advantageous terms, permanent financing for activities that we have financed through construction loans.

We are subject to risks that affect the retail environment.

We are subject to risks that affect the retail environment, including unemployment, weak income growth, lack of available consumer credit, industry slowdowns and plant closures, low consumer confidence, increased consumer debt, poor housing market conditions, adverse weather conditions, natural disasters and the need to pay down existing obligations. All of these factors could negatively affect consumer spending and adversely affect the sales of our retail tenants. This could have an unfavorable effect on our operations and our ability to attract new retail tenants.

In addition, our retail tenants face competition from retailers at other regional malls, outlet malls and other discount shopping centers, discount shopping clubs, catalogue companies, and through internet sales and telemarketing. Competition of these types could reduce the percentage rent payable by certain retail tenants and

 

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adversely affect our revenues and cash flows. Additionally, our retail tenants are dependent on perceptions by retailers and shoppers of the safety, convenience and attractiveness of our retail properties. If retailers and shoppers perceive competing properties and other retailing options such as the internet to be more convenient or of a higher quality, our revenues may be adversely affected.

Some of our retail lease agreements include a co-tenancy provision which allows the mall tenant to pay a reduced rent amount and, in certain instances, terminate the lease, if we fail to maintain certain occupancy levels at the mall. In addition, certain of our tenants have the ability to terminate their leases prior to the lease expiration date if their sales do not meet agreed upon thresholds. Therefore, if occupancy, tenancy or sales fall below certain thresholds, rents we are entitled to receive from our retail tenants would be reduced and our ability to attract new tenants may be limited.

The computation of cost reimbursements from our retail tenants for common area maintenance, insurance and real estate taxes is complex and involves numerous judgments including interpretation of lease terms and other tenant lease provisions. Most tenants make monthly fixed payments of common area maintenance, insurance, real estate taxes and other cost reimbursements and, after the end of the calendar year, we compute each tenant’s final cost reimbursements and issue a bill or credit for the full amount, after considering amounts paid by the tenant during the year. The billed amounts could be disputed by the tenant or become the subject of a tenant audit or even litigation. There can be no assurance that we will collect all or any portion of these amounts.

We are subject to risks associated with the multi-family residential industry.

We are subject to risks associated with the multi-family residential industry, including the level of mortgage interest rates which may encourage tenants to purchase rather than lease and housing and governmental programs that provide assistance and rent subsidies to tenants. If the demand for multi-family properties is reduced, income generated from our multi-family residential properties and the underlying value of such properties may be adversely affected.

In addition, certain jurisdictions regulate the relationship of an owner and its residential tenants. Commonly, these laws require a written lease, good cause for eviction, disclosure of fees, and notification to residents of changed land use, while prohibiting unreasonable rules, retaliatory evictions, and restrictions on a resident’s choice of landlords. Apartment building owners have been the subject of lawsuits under various “Landlord and Tenant Acts” and other general consumer protection statutes for coercive, abusive or unconscionable leasing and sales practices. If we become subject to litigation, the outcome of any such proceedings may materially adversely affect us and may continue for long periods of time. A few jurisdictions may offer more significant protection to residential tenants. In addition to state or provincial regulation of the landlord-tenant relationship, numerous towns and municipalities impose rent control on apartment buildings. The imposition of rent control on our multi-family residential units could have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations.

If we are unable to recover from a business disruption on a timely basis our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our business is vulnerable to damages from any number of sources, including computer viruses, unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures. Any system failure or accident that causes interruptions in our operations could result in a material disruption to our business. If we are unable to recover from a business disruption on a timely basis, our financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected. We may also incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by such disruptions.

 

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Because certain of our assets are illiquid, we may not be able to sell these assets when appropriate or when desired.

Large commercial properties like the ones that we own can be hard to sell, especially if local market conditions are poor. Such illiquidity could limit our ability to diversify our assets promptly in response to changing economic or investment conditions.

Additionally, financial difficulties of other property owners resulting in distressed sales could depress real estate values in the markets in which we operate in times of illiquidity. These restrictions reduce our ability to respond to changes in the performance of our assets and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We face risks associated with property acquisitions.

Competition from other well-capitalized real estate investors, including both publicly traded real estate investment trusts and institutional investment funds, may significantly increase the purchase price of, or prevent us from acquiring, a desired property. Acquisition agreements will typically contain conditions to closing, including completion of due diligence to our satisfaction or other conditions that are not within our control, which may not be satisfied. Acquired properties may be located in new markets where we may have limited knowledge and understanding of the local economy, an absence of business relationships in the area or unfamiliarity with local government and applicable laws and regulations. We may be unable to finance acquisitions on favorable terms or newly acquired properties may fail to perform as expected. We may underestimate the costs necessary to bring an acquired property up to standards established for its intended market position or we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions into our existing operations. We may also acquire properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, with respect to unknown liabilities. Each of these factors could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We do not control certain of our operating entities, including General Growth Properties, Inc., or GGP, and Canary Wharf, and therefore we may not be able to realize some or all of the benefits that we expect to realize from those entities.

We do not have control of certain of our operating entities, including GGP and Canary Wharf. Our interests in those entities subject us to the operating and financial risks of their businesses, the risk that the relevant company may make business, financial or management decisions that we do not agree with, and the risk that we may have differing objectives than the entities in which we have interests. Because we do not have the ability to exercise control over those entities, we may not be able to realize some or all of the benefits that we expect to realize from those entities. For example, we may not be able to cause such operating entities to make distributions to us in the amount or at the time that we need or want such distributions. In addition, we rely on the internal controls and financial reporting controls of the public companies in which we invest and the failure of such companies to maintain effective controls or comply with applicable standards may adversely affect us.

We do not have sole control over the properties that we own with co-venturers, partners, fund investors or co-tenants or over the revenues and certain decisions associated with those properties, which may limit our flexibility with respect to these investments.

We participate in joint ventures, partnerships, funds and co-tenancies affecting many of our properties. Such investments involve risks not present were a third party not involved, including the possibility that our co-venturers, partners, fund investors or co-tenants might become bankrupt or otherwise fail to fund their share of required capital contributions. The bankruptcy of one of our co-venturers, partners, fund investors or co-tenants could materially and adversely affect the relevant property or properties. Pursuant to bankruptcy laws, we could be precluded from taking some actions affecting the estate of the other investor without prior court

 

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approval which would, in most cases, entail prior notice to other parties and a hearing. At a minimum, the requirement to obtain court approval may delay the actions we would or might want to take. If the relevant joint venture or other investment entity has incurred recourse obligations, the discharge in bankruptcy of one of the other investors might result in our ultimate liability for a greater portion of those obligations than would otherwise be required.

Additionally, our co-venturers, partners, fund investors or co-tenants might at any time have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with those of our company, and we could become engaged in a dispute with any of them that might affect our ability to develop or operate a property. In addition, we do not have sole control of certain major decisions relating to these properties, including decisions relating to: the sale of the properties; refinancing; timing and amount of distributions of cash from such properties; and capital improvements.

In some instances where we are the property manager for a joint venture, the joint venture retains joint approval rights over various material matters such as the budget for the property, specific leases and our leasing plan. Moreover, in certain property management arrangements the other venturer can terminate the property management agreement in limited circumstances relating to enforcement of the property managers’ obligations. In addition, the sale or transfer of interests in some of our joint ventures and partnerships is subject to rights of first refusal or first offer and some joint venture and partnership agreements provide for buy-sell or similar arrangements. Such rights may be triggered at a time when we may not want to sell but we may be forced to do so because we may not have the financial resources at that time to purchase the other party’s interest. Such rights may also inhibit our ability to sell an interest in a property or a joint venture or partnership within our desired time frame or on any other desired basis.

We are subject to risks associated with commercial property loans.

We have interests in loans or participations in loans, or securities whose underlying performance depends on loans made with respect to a variety of commercial real estate. Such interests are subject to normal credit risks as well as those generally not associated with traditional debt securities. The ability of the borrowers to repay the loans will typically depend upon the successful operation of the related real estate project and the availability of financing. Any factors which affect the ability of the project to generate sufficient cash flow could have a material effect on the value of these interests. Such factors include, but are not limited to: the uncertainty of cash flow to meet fixed obligations; adverse changes in general and local economic conditions, including interest rates and local market conditions; tenant credit risks; the unavailability of financing, which may make the operation, sale, or refinancing of a property difficult or unattractive; vacancy and occupancy rates; construction and operating costs; regulatory requirements, including zoning, rent control and real and personal property tax laws, rates and assessments; environmental concerns; project and borrower diversification; and uninsured losses. Security underlying such interests will generally be in a junior or subordinate position to senior financing. In certain circumstances, in order to protect our interest, we may decide to repay all or a portion of the senior indebtedness relating to the particular interests or to cure defaults with respect to such senior indebtedness.

We invest in mezzanine debt, which can rank below other senior lenders.

We invest in mezzanine debt interests in real estate companies and properties whose capital structures have significant debt ranking ahead of our investments. Our investments will not always benefit from the same or similar financial and other covenants as those enjoyed by the debt ranking ahead of our investments or benefit from cross-default provisions. Moreover, it is likely that we will be restricted in the exercise of our rights in respect of our investments by the terms of subordination agreements with the debt ranking ahead of the mezzanine capital. Accordingly, we may not be able to take the steps necessary to protect our investments in a timely manner or at all and there can be no assurance that the rate of return objectives of any particular investment will be achieved. To protect our original investment and to gain greater control over the underlying assets, we may elect to purchase the interest of a senior creditor or take an equity interest in the underlying assets, which may require additional investment requiring us to expend additional capital.

 

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We are subject to risks related to syndicating or selling participations in our interests.

The strategy of the finance funds in which we have interests depends, in part, upon syndicating or selling participations in senior interests, either through capital markets collateralized debt obligation transactions or otherwise. If the finance funds cannot do so on terms that are favorable to us, we may not make the returns we anticipate.

We face risks relating to the legal aspects of mortgage loans and may be subject to liability as a lender.

Certain interests acquired by us will be subject to risks relating to the legal aspects of mortgage loans. Depending upon the applicable law governing mortgage loans (which laws may differ substantially), we may be adversely affected by the operation of law (including state or provincial law) with respect to our ability to foreclose mortgage loans, the borrower’s right of redemption, the enforceability of assignments of rents, due on sale and acceleration clauses in loan instruments, as well as other creditors’ rights provided in such documents. In addition, we may be subject to liability as a lender with respect to our negotiation, administration, collection and/or foreclosure of mortgage loans. As a lender, we may also be subject to penalties for violation of usury limitations, which penalties may be triggered by contracting for, charging or receiving usurious interest. Bankruptcy laws may delay our ability to realize on our collateral or may adversely affect the priority thereof through doctrines such as equitable subordination or may result in a restructuring of the debt through principles such as the “cramdown” provisions of applicable bankruptcy laws.

We have significant interests in public companies, and changes in the market prices of the stock of such public companies, particularly during times of increased market volatility, could have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

We hold significant interests in public companies, and changes in the market prices of the stock of such public companies could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Global securities markets have been highly volatile, and continued volatility may have a material negative impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

We have significant interests in Brookfield-sponsored real estate opportunity and finance funds, and poor investment returns in these funds could have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

We have, and expect to continue to have in the future, significant interests in Brookfield-sponsored real estate opportunity and finance funds, and poor investment returns in these funds, due to either market conditions or underperformance (relative to their competitors or to benchmarks), would negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, interests in such funds are subject to the risks inherent in the ownership and operation of real estate and real estate-related businesses and assets generally.

Our ownership of underperforming real estate properties involves significant risks and potential additional liabilities.

We hold interests in certain real estate properties with weak financial conditions, poor operating results, substantial financial needs, negative net worth or special competitive problems, or that are over-leveraged. Our ownership of underperforming real estate properties involves significant risks and potential additional liabilities. Our exposure to such underperforming properties may be substantial in relation to the market for those interests and distressed assets may be illiquid and difficult to sell or transfer. As a result, it may take a number of years for the fair value of such interests to ultimately reflect their intrinsic value as perceived by us.

 

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We face risks relating to the jurisdictions of our operations.

We own and operate commercial properties in a number of jurisdictions, including but not limited to North America, Europe, Australia and Brazil. Our operations will be subject to significant political, economic and financial risks, which vary by jurisdiction, and may include:

 

   

changes in government policies or personnel;

 

   

restrictions on currency transfer or convertibility;

 

   

changes in labor relations;

 

   

political instability and civil unrest;

 

   

fluctuations in foreign exchange rates;

 

   

challenges of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws including corporate governance, operations, taxes and litigation;

 

   

differing lending practices;

 

   

differences in cultures;

 

   

changes in applicable laws and regulations that affect foreign operations;

 

   

difficulties in managing international operations;

 

   

obstacles to the repatriation of earnings and cash; and

 

   

breach or repudiation of important contractual undertakings by governmental entities and expropriation and confiscation of assets and facilities for less than fair market value.

We are subject to possible environmental liabilities and other possible liabilities.

As an owner and manager of real property, we are subject to various laws relating to environmental matters. These laws could hold us liable for the costs of removal and remediation of certain hazardous substances or wastes released or deposited on or in our properties or disposed of at other locations. These costs could be significant and would reduce cash available for our business. The failure to remove or remediate such substances could adversely affect our ability to sell our properties or our ability to borrow using real estate as collateral, and could potentially result in claims or other proceedings against us. Environmental laws and regulations can change rapidly and we may become subject to more stringent environmental laws and regulations in the future. Compliance with more stringent environmental laws and regulations could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Regulations under building codes and human rights codes generally require that public buildings be made accessible to disabled persons. Non-compliance could result in the imposition of fines by the government or the award of damages to private litigants. If we are required to make substantial alterations or capital expenditures to one or more of our properties, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We may also incur significant costs complying with other regulations. Our properties are subject to various federal, state, provincial and local regulatory requirements, such as state, provincial and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or be subject to private damage awards. Existing requirements may change and compliance with future requirements may require significant unanticipated expenditures that may affect our cash flows and results from operations.

 

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We may suffer a significant loss resulting from fraud, other illegal acts and inadequate or failed internal processes or systems.

We may suffer a significant loss resulting from fraud, other illegal acts and inadequate or failed internal processes or systems. We operate in different markets and rely on our employees to follow our policies and processes as well as applicable laws in their activities. Risk of illegal acts or failed systems is managed through our infrastructure, controls, systems, policies and people, complemented by central groups focusing on enterprise-wide management of specific operational risks such as fraud, trading, outsourcing, and business disruption, as well as people and systems risks. Failure to manage these risks could result in direct or indirect financial loss, reputational impact, regulatory censure or failure in the management of other risks such as credit or market risk.

We may be subject to litigation.

In the ordinary course of our business, we may be subject to litigation from time to time. The outcome of any such proceedings may materially adversely affect us and may continue without resolution for long periods of time. Any litigation may consume substantial amounts of our management’s time and attention, and that time and the devotion of these resources to litigation may, at times, be disproportionate to the amounts at stake in the litigation.

The acquisition, ownership and disposition of real property expose us to certain litigation risks which could result in losses, some of which may be material. Litigation may be commenced with respect to a property we have acquired in relation to activities that took place prior to our acquisition of such property. In addition, at the time of disposition of an individual property, a potential buyer may claim that it should have been afforded the opportunity to purchase the asset or alternatively that such buyer should be awarded due diligence expenses incurred or statutory damages for misrepresentation relating to disclosures made, if such buyer is passed over in favor of another as part of our efforts to maximize sale proceeds. Similarly, successful buyers may later sue us under various damage theories, including those sounding in tort, for losses associated with latent defects or other problems not uncovered in due diligence. We may also be exposed to litigation resulting from the activities of our tenants or their customers.

We participate in transactions and make tax calculations for which the ultimate tax determination may be uncertain.

We participate in many transactions and make tax calculations during the course of our business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. While we believe we maintain provisions for uncertain tax positions that appropriately reflect our risk, these provisions are made using estimates of the amounts expected to be paid based on a qualitative assessment of several factors. It is possible that liabilities associated with one or more transactions may exceed our provisions due to audits by, or litigation with, relevant taxing authorities which may materially affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Our Relationship with Brookfield

Brookfield will exercise substantial influence over us and we are highly dependent on the Managers.

Brookfield is the sole shareholder of the BPY General Partner. As a result of its ownership of the BPY General Partner, Brookfield will be able to control the appointment and removal of the BPY General Partner’s directors and, accordingly, exercise substantial influence over us. In addition, the Managers, wholly-owned subsidiaries of Brookfield Asset Management, will provide management services to us pursuant to our Master Services Agreement. Our company and the Property Partnership do not currently have any senior management and will depend on the management and administration services provided by the Managers. Brookfield personnel and support staff who provide services to us are not required to have as their primary responsibility the

 

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management and administration of our company or the Property Partnership or to work exclusively for either our company or the Property Partnership. Any failure to effectively manage our business or to implement our strategy could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Brookfield has no obligation to source acquisition opportunities for us and we may not have access to all acquisitions of commercial properties that Brookfield identifies.

Our ability to grow will depend in part on Brookfield identifying and presenting us with acquisition opportunities. Pursuant to the Relationship Agreement, Brookfield Asset Management has identified our company as the primary entity through which Brookfield Asset Management will own and operate its commercial property businesses on a global basis. However, Brookfield has no obligation to source acquisition opportunities specifically for us. In addition, Brookfield has not agreed to commit to us any minimum level of dedicated resources for the pursuit of acquisitions of commercial property other than as contemplated by our Master Services Agreement. There are a number of factors which could materially and adversely impact the extent to which acquisition opportunities are made available to us by Brookfield.

For example:

 

   

Brookfield will only recommend acquisition opportunities that it believes are suitable for us;

 

   

the same professionals within Brookfield’s organization who are involved in acquisitions of commercial property have other responsibilities within Brookfield’s broader asset management business. Limits on the availability of such individuals will likewise result in a limitation on the availability of acquisition opportunities for us;

 

   

Brookfield may consider certain assets or operations that have both infrastructure related characteristics and commercial property related characteristics to be infrastructure and not commercial property;

 

   

Brookfield may not consider an acquisition of commercial property that comprises part of a broader enterprise to be suitable for us, unless the primary purpose of such acquisition, as determined by Brookfield acting in good faith, is to acquire the underlying commercial property;

 

   

legal, regulatory, tax and other commercial considerations will be an important factor in determining whether an opportunity is suitable for us; and

 

   

in addition to structural limitations, the determination of whether a particular acquisition is suitable for us is highly subjective and is dependent on a number of factors including our liquidity position at the time, the risk profile of the opportunity, its fit with the balance of our business and other factors.

The departure of some or all of Brookfield’s professionals could prevent us from achieving our objectives.

We will depend on the diligence, skill and business contacts of Brookfield’s professionals and the information and opportunities they generate during the normal course of their activities. Our future success will depend on the continued service of these individuals, who are not obligated to remain employed with Brookfield. Brookfield has experienced departures of key professionals in the past and may do so in the future, and we cannot predict the impact that any such departures will have on our ability to achieve our objectives. The departure of a significant number of Brookfield’s professionals for any reason, or the failure to appoint qualified or effective successors in the event of such departures, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our objectives. Our limited partnership agreement and our Master Services Agreement do not require Brookfield to maintain the employment of any of its professionals or to cause any particular professionals to provide services to us or on our behalf.

 

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The control of the BPY General Partner may be transferred to a third party without unitholder consent.

The BPY General Partner may transfer its general partnership interest in our company to a third party, including in a merger or consolidation or in a transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, without the consent of our unitholders. Furthermore, at any time, the sole shareholder of the BPY General Partner may sell or transfer all or part of its shares in the BPY General Partner without the approval of our unitholders. If a new owner were to acquire ownership of the BPY General Partner and to appoint new directors or officers of its own choosing, it would be able to exercise substantial influence over our policies and procedures and exercise substantial influence over our management, our distributions and the types of acquisitions that we make. Such changes could result in our company’s capital being used to make acquisitions in which Brookfield has no involvement or which are substantially different from our targeted acquisitions. Additionally, we cannot predict with any certainty the effect that any transfer in the ownership of the BPY General Partner would have on the trading price of our units or our ability to raise capital or make investments in the future, because such matters would depend to a large extent on the identity of the new owner and the new owner’s intentions with regards to us. As a result, the future of our company would be uncertain and our financial condition and results of operations may suffer.

Our Master Services Agreement and our other arrangements with Brookfield do not impose on Brookfield any fiduciary duties to act in the best interests of our unitholders.

Our Master Services Agreement and our other arrangements with Brookfield do not impose on Brookfield any duty (statutory or otherwise) to act in the best interests of the Service Recipients, nor do they impose other duties that are fiduciary in nature. As a result, the BPY General Partner, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management, in its capacity as our general partner, will have sole authority to enforce the terms of such agreements and to consent to any waiver, modification or amendment of their provisions, subject to approval by the independent directors in accordance with our conflicts policy.

The Bermuda Limited Partnership Act of 1883, under which our company and the Property Partnership were established, does not impose statutory fiduciary duties on a general partner of a limited partnership in the same manner that corporate statutes, such as the Canada Business Corporations Act, impose fiduciary duties on directors of a corporation. In general, under applicable Bermudian legislation, a general partner has certain limited duties to its limited partners, such as the duty to render accounts, account for private profits and not compete with the partnership in business. In addition, Bermuda common law recognizes that a general partner owes a duty of utmost good faith to its limited partners. These duties are, in most respects, similar to duties imposed on a general partner of a limited partnership under U.S. and Canadian law. However, to the extent that the BPY General Partner and Property GP LP owe any fiduciary duties to our company and our unitholders, these duties have been modified pursuant to our limited partnership agreement and the Property Partnership’s limited partnership agreement as a matter of contract law. We have been advised by counsel that such modifications are not prohibited under Bermuda law, subject to typical qualifications as to enforceability of contractual provisions, such as the application of general equitable principles. This is similar to Delaware law which expressly permits modifications to the fiduciary duties owed to partners, other than an implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing.

Our limited partnership agreement and the Property Partnership’s limited partnership agreement contain various provisions that modify the fiduciary duties that might otherwise be owed to our company and our unitholders, including when conflicts of interest arise. For example, the agreements provide that the BPY General Partner, the Property General Partner and their affiliates do not have any obligation under the limited partnership agreements of our company or the Property Partnership, or as a result of any duties stated or implied by law or equity, including fiduciary duties, to present business or investment opportunities to our company, the Property Partnership, any Holding Entity or any other holding entity established by us. They also allow affiliates of the BPY General Partner and Property General Partner to engage in activities that may compete with us or our activities. In addition, the agreements permit the BPY General Partner and the Property General Partner to take into account the interests of third parties, including Brookfield, when resolving conflicts of interest. The agreements each prohibit the limited partners from advancing claims that otherwise might raise issues as to

 

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compliance with fiduciary duties or applicable law. These modifications to the fiduciary duties are detrimental to our unitholders because they restrict the remedies available for actions that might otherwise constitute a breach of fiduciary duty and permit conflicts of interest to be resolved in a manner that is not in the best interests of our company or the best interests of our unitholders. See Item 7.B. “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Relationship with Brookfield — Conflicts of Interest and Fiduciary Duties”.

Our organizational and ownership structure, as well as our contractual arrangements with Brookfield, may create significant conflicts of interest that may be resolved in a manner that is not in the best interests of our company or the best interests of our unitholders.

Our organizational and ownership structure involves a number of relationships that may give rise to conflicts of interest between us and our unitholders, on the one hand, and Brookfield, on the other hand. In certain instances, the interests of Brookfield may differ from the interests of our company and our unitholders, including with respect to the types of acquisitions made, the timing and amount of distributions by us, the reinvestment of returns generated by our operations, the use of leverage when making acquisitions and the appointment of outside advisors and service providers, including as a result of the reasons described under Item 7.B. “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Relationship with Brookfield”.

In addition, the Managers, affiliates of Brookfield, will provide management services to us pursuant to our Master Services Agreement. Pursuant to our Master Services Agreement, we pay a base management fee to the Managers equal to $12.5 million per quarter (subject to an annual escalation by a specified inflation factor beginning on January 1, 2014). Additionally, the Property Partnership will pay a quarterly equity enhancement distribution to the Property GP LP of 0.3125% of the amount by which the company’s total capitalization value at the end of each quarter exceeds its total capitalization value determined immediately following the spin-off, subject to certain adjustments. The Property GP LP will also receive incentive distributions based on an amount by which quarterly distributions on the limited partnership units of the Property Partnership exceed specified target levels as set forth in the Property Partnership’s limited partnership agreement. For a further explanation of the equity enhancement and incentive distributions, together with examples of how such amounts are calculated, see Item 10.B. “Additional Information — Memorandum and Articles of Association — Description of the Property Partnership Limited Partnership Agreement — Distributions”. This relationship may give rise to conflicts of interest between us and our unitholders, on the one hand, and Brookfield, on the other, as Brookfield’s interests may differ from the interests of our company and our unitholders.

The BPY General Partner, the sole shareholder of which is Brookfield, has sole authority to determine whether our company will make distributions and the amount and timing of these distributions. The arrangements we have with Brookfield may create an incentive for Brookfield to take actions which would have the effect of increasing distributions and fees payable to it, which may be to the detriment of our company and our unitholders. For example, because the equity enhancement distribution is calculated based on our company’s total capitalization, it may create an incentive for Brookfield to increase or maintain our company’s total capitalization over the near-term when other actions may be more favorable to our company or our unitholders. Similarly, Brookfield may take actions to increase our distributions in order to ensure Brookfield is paid incentive distributions in the near-term when other investments or actions may be more favorable to our company or our unitholders. Also, through Brookfield’s ownership of our units and the Redemption-Exchange Units of the Property Partnership, it will have an effective economic interest in our business of approximately 92.5% and therefore may be incented to increase distributions payable to unitholders and thereby to Brookfield. Finally, the management fee will be payable to the Managers, which are controlled by Brookfield, irrespective of our actual performance.

 

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Our arrangements with Brookfield have effectively been determined by Brookfield in the context of the spin-off and may contain terms that are less favorable than those which otherwise might have been obtained from unrelated parties.

The terms of our arrangements with Brookfield have effectively been determined by Brookfield in the context of the spin-off. These terms, including terms relating to compensation, contractual or fiduciary duties, conflicts of interest and Brookfield’s ability to engage in outside activities, including activities that compete with us, our activities and limitations on liability and indemnification, may be less favorable than those which otherwise might have resulted if the negotiations had involved unrelated parties. The transfer agreements under which our assets and operations will be acquired from Brookfield prior to the spin-off do not contain representations and warranties or indemnities relating to the underlying assets and operations. Under our limited

partnership agreement, persons who acquire our units and their transferees will be deemed to have agreed that none of those arrangements constitutes a breach of any duty that may be owed to them under our limited partnership agreement or any duty stated or implied by law or equity.

The BPY General Partner may be unable or unwilling to terminate our Master Services Agreement.

Our Master Services Agreement provides that the Service Recipients may terminate the agreement only if: (i) any of the Managers defaults in the performance or observance of any material term, condition or covenant contained in the agreement in a manner that results in material harm to the Service Recipients and the default continues unremedied for a period of 60 days after written notice of the breach is given to such Manager; (ii) any of the Managers engages in any act of fraud, misappropriation of funds or embezzlement against any Service Recipient that results in material harm to the Service Recipients; (iii) any of the Managers is grossly negligent in the performance of its obligations under the Master Services Agreement and such gross negligence results in material harm to the Service Recipients; or (iv) upon the happening of certain events relating to the bankruptcy or insolvency of each of the Managers. The BPY General Partner cannot terminate the agreement for any other reason, including if any of the Managers or Brookfield experiences a change of control, and there is no fixed term to the agreement. In addition, because the BPY General Partner is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management, it may be unwilling to terminate our Master Services Agreement, even in the case of a default. If the Managers’ performance does not meet the expectations of investors, and the BPY General Partner is unable or unwilling to terminate our Master Services Agreement, the market price of our units could suffer. Furthermore, the termination of our Master Services Agreement would terminate our company’s rights under the Relationship Agreement and the licensing agreement. See “Relationship Agreement” and “Licensing Agreement” under Item 7.B. “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Relationship with Brookfield”.

The liability of the Managers will be limited under our arrangements with them and we will agree to indemnify the Managers against claims that they may face in connection with such arrangements, which may lead them to assume greater risks when making decisions relating to us than they otherwise would if acting solely for their own account.

Under our Master Services Agreement, the Managers will not assume any responsibility other than to provide or arrange for the provision of the services described in our Master Services Agreement in good faith and will not be responsible for any action that the BPY General Partner takes in following or declining to follow their advice or recommendations. In addition, under our limited partnership agreement, the liability of the BPY General Partner and its affiliates, including the Managers, is limited to the fullest extent permitted by law to conduct involving bad faith, fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct or, in the case of a criminal matter, action that was known to have been unlawful. The liability of the Managers under our Master Services Agreement will be similarly limited. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify the Managers to the fullest extent permitted by law from and against any claims, liabilities, losses, damages, costs or expenses incurred by an indemnified person or threatened in connection with our operations, investments and activities or in respect of or arising from our Master Services Agreement or the services provided by the Managers, except to the extent that

 

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the claims, liabilities, losses, damages, costs or expenses are determined to have resulted from the conduct in respect of which such persons have liability as described above. These protections may result in the Managers tolerating greater risks when making decisions than otherwise would be the case, including when determining whether to use leverage in connection with acquisitions. The indemnification arrangements to which the Managers will be parties may also give rise to legal claims for indemnification that are adverse to our company and our unitholders.

Risks Relating to our Units

The price of our units may fluctuate significantly and you could lose all or part of the value of your units.

The market price of our units may fluctuate significantly and you could lose all or part of the value of your units. Factors that may cause the price of our units to vary include:

 

   

changes in our financial performance and prospects and Brookfield’s financial performance and prospects, or in the financial performance and prospects of companies engaged in businesses that are similar to us or Brookfield;

 

   

the termination of our Master Services Agreement or the departure of some or all of Brookfield’s professionals;

 

   

changes in laws or regulations, or new interpretations or applications of laws and regulations, that are applicable to us;

 

   

sales of our units by our unitholders, including by Brookfield and/or other significant holders of our units;

 

   

general economic trends and other external factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism or responses to such events;

 

   

speculation in the press or investment community regarding us or Brookfield or factors or events that may directly or indirectly affect us or Brookfield;

 

   

our ability to raise capital on favorable terms; and

 

   

a loss of any major funding source.

Securities markets in general have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies or partnerships. Any broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our units.

Our units have never been publicly traded and an active and liquid trading market for our units may not develop.

Prior to the spin-off, there has not been a market for our units. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest will lead to the development of an active and liquid trading market for our units or, if such a market develops, whether it will be maintained. We cannot predict the effects on the price of our units if a liquid and active trading market for our units does not develop. In addition, if such a market does not develop, relatively small sales of our units may have a significant negative impact on the price of our units.

Our company may issue additional units in the future in lieu of incurring indebtedness which may dilute existing holders of our units or our company may issue securities that have rights and privileges that are more favorable than the rights and privileges accorded to holders of our units.

Our company may issue additional securities, including units and options, rights, warrants and appreciation rights relating to partnership securities for any purpose and for such consideration and on such terms and conditions as the BPY General Partner may determine. The BPY General Partner’s board of directors will be

 

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able to determine the class, designations, preferences, rights, powers and duties of any additional partnership securities, including any rights to share in our company’s profits, losses and distributions, any rights to receive partnership assets upon a dissolution or liquidation of our company and any redemption, conversion and exchange rights. The BPY General Partner may use such authority to issue additional units, which would dilute existing holders of our units, or to issue securities with rights and privileges that are more favorable than those of our units. You will not have any right to consent to or otherwise approve the issuance of any such securities or the terms on which any such securities may be issued.

Future sales or issuances of our units in the public markets, or the perception of such sales, could depress the market price of our units.

The sale or issuance of a substantial number of our units or other equity-related securities in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the market price of our units and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. Although Brookfield intends to maintain a significant interest in our company, Brookfield expects its interests in the Property Partnership to be reduced over time through mergers, treasury issuances or secondary sales which could also depress the market price of our units. We cannot predict the effect that future sales or issuances of units, other equity-related securities, or the limited partnership units of the Property Partnership would have on the market price of our units.

Our unitholders do not have a right to vote on partnership matters or to take part in the management of our company.

Under our limited partnership agreement, our unitholders are not entitled to vote on matters relating to our company, such as acquisitions, dispositions or financing, or to participate in the management or control of our company. In particular, our unitholders do not have the right to remove the BPY General Partner, to cause the BPY General Partner to withdraw from our company, to cause a new general partner to be admitted to our partnership, to appoint new directors to the BPY General Partner’s board of directors, to remove existing directors from the BPY General Partner’s board of directors or to prevent a change of control of the BPY General Partner. In addition, except as prescribed by applicable laws, our unitholders’ consent rights apply only with respect to certain amendments to our limited partnership agreement. As a result, unlike holders of common stock of a corporation, our unitholders will not be able to influence the direction of our company, including its policies and procedures, or to cause a change in its management, even if they are dissatisfied with our performance. Consequently, our unitholders may be deprived of an opportunity to receive a premium for their units in the future through a sale of our company and the trading price of our units may be adversely affected by the absence or a reduction of a takeover premium in the trading price.

Our company is a Bermuda exempted limited partnership and it may not be possible for our investors to serve process on or enforce U.S. or Canadian judgments against us.

Our company is a Bermuda exempted limited partnership and a substantial portion of our assets are located outside the United States and Canada. In addition, certain of the directors of the BPY General Partner and certain members of the senior management team who will be principally responsible for providing us with management services reside outside of the United States and Canada. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for U.S. or Canadian investors to effect service of process within the United States or Canada upon us or our directors and executive officers, or to enforce, against us or these persons, judgments obtained in the U.S. or Canadian courts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws or Canadian securities laws. We believe that there is doubt as to the enforceability in Bermuda, in original actions or in actions to enforce judgments of U.S. or Canadian courts, of claims predicated solely upon U.S. federal securities laws or Canadian securities laws. See Item 10.B. “Additional Information — Memorandum and Articles of Association — Description of Our Units and Our Limited Partnership Agreement — Our Units”.

 

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Risks Relating to Taxation

General

Changes in tax law and practice may have a material adverse effect on the operations of our company, the Holding Entities, and our operating entities and, as a consequence, the value of our assets and the net amount of distributions payable to our unitholders.

Our structure, including the structure of the Holding Entities and our operating entities, is based on prevailing taxation law and practice in the local jurisdictions in which we operate. Any change in tax legislation (including in relation to taxation rates) and practice in these jurisdictions could adversely affect these entities, as well as the net amount of distributions payable to our unitholders. Taxes and other constraints that would apply to our operating entities in such jurisdictions may not apply to local institutions or other parties, and such parties may therefore have a significantly lower effective cost of capital and a corresponding competitive advantage in pursuing acquisitions.

Our company’s ability to make distributions depends on it receiving sufficient cash distributions from its underlying operations, and we cannot assure unitholders that we will be able to make cash distributions in amounts that are sufficient to fund their tax liabilities.

Our Holding Entities and operating entities may be subject to local taxes in each of the relevant territories and jurisdictions in which they operate, including taxes on income, profits or gains and withholding taxes. As a result, our company’s cash available for distribution is indirectly reduced by such taxes, and the post-tax return to our unitholders is similarly reduced by such taxes. We intend for future acquisitions to be assessed on a case-by-case basis and, where possible and commercially viable, structured so as to minimize any adverse tax consequences to our unitholders as a result of making such acquisitions.

In general, a unitholder that is subject to income tax in the United States or Canada must include in income its allocable share of our company’s items of income, gain, loss, and deduction (including, so long as it is treated as a partnership for tax purposes, our company’s allocable share of those items of the Property Partnership) for each of our company’s fiscal years ending with or within such unitholder’s tax year. See Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation”. However, the cash distributed to a unitholder may not be sufficient to pay the full amount of such unitholder’s tax liability in respect of its investment in our company, because each unitholder’s tax liability depends on such unitholder’s particular tax situation. If our company is unable to distribute cash in amounts that are sufficient to fund our unitholders’ tax liabilities, each of our unitholders will still be required to pay income taxes on its share of our company’s taxable income.

Our unitholders may be subject to non-U.S., state and local taxes and return filing requirements as a result of owning our units.

Based on our expected method of operation and the ownership of our operating entities indirectly through corporate Holding Entities following the spin-off, we do not expect any unitholder, solely as a result of owning our units, to be subject to any additional taxes or additional tax return filing requirements in any jurisdiction in which we conduct activities or own property. However, there can be no assurance that our unitholders, solely as a result of owning our units, will not be subject to certain taxes, including non-U.S., state and local income taxes, unincorporated business taxes and estate, inheritance or intangible taxes imposed by the various jurisdictions in which we do business or own property now or in the future, even if our unitholders do not reside in any of these jurisdictions. Consequently, our unitholders may also be required to file non-U.S., state and local income tax returns in some or all of these jurisdictions. Further, our unitholders may be subject to penalties for failure to comply with these requirements. It is the responsibility of each unitholder to file all U.S. federal, non-U.S., state and local tax returns that may be required of such unitholder.

 

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Our unitholders may be exposed to transfer pricing risks.

To the extent that our company, the Property Partnership, the Holding Entities or our operating entities enter into transactions or arrangements with parties with whom they do not deal at arm’s length, including Brookfield, the relevant tax authorities may seek to adjust the quantum or nature of the amounts received or paid by such entities if they consider that the terms and conditions of such transactions or arrangements differ from those that would have been made between persons dealing at arm’s length. This could result in more tax being paid by such entities, and therefore the return to investors could be reduced.

The BPY General Partner and the Property General Partner believe that the base management fee and any other amount that is paid to the Managers will be commensurate with the value of the services being provided by the Managers and comparable to the fees or other amounts that would be agreed to in an arm’s length arrangement. However, no assurance can be given in this regard.

If the relevant tax authority were to assert that an adjustment should be made under the transfer pricing rules to an amount that is relevant to the computation of the income of the Property Partnership or our company, such assertion could result in adjustments to amounts of income (or loss) allocated to our unitholders by our company for tax purposes. In addition, our company might also be liable for transfer pricing penalties in respect of transfer pricing adjustments unless reasonable efforts were made to determine, and use, arm’s length transfer prices. Generally, reasonable efforts in this regard are only considered to be made if contemporaneous documentation has been prepared in respect of such transactions or arrangements that support the transfer pricing methodology.

Our unitholders who receive units pursuant to the spin-off may need to fund their income tax liability with cash from other sources or by selling our units.

A unitholder who receives our units pursuant to the spin-off generally will be considered to have received a taxable distribution in an amount equal to the fair market value of our units received. Neither Brookfield nor our company has any obligation to distribute cash to pay any taxes owed by a unitholder as a result of the spin-off and neither Brookfield nor our company has any intention to do so. Accordingly, a unitholder may need to satisfy any United States federal income tax or Canadian federal income tax liability resulting from the receipt of our units with cash from such unitholder’s own funds or by selling all or a portion of the units received. Each unitholder should consult an independent tax advisor regarding the United States federal income tax consequences and Canadian federal income tax consequences to such unitholder of receiving our units pursuant to the spin-off.

United States

The U.S. Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, may disagree with our valuation of the spin-off distribution.

Our unitholders that are subject to income tax in the United States will be considered to receive a taxable distribution as a result of the spin-off equal to the fair market value of our units received by them in the spin-off plus the amount of cash received in lieu of fractional units, without reduction for any Canadian tax withheld. We will use the five day volume weighted average of the trading price of our units for the five trading days immediately following the spin-off as the fair market value of our units for these purposes but this amount is not binding on the IRS. The IRS may disagree with this valuation and this could result in increased tax liability to such unitholders. Neither Brookfield nor our company has any obligation to distribute cash to pay any taxes owed by a unitholder as a result of the spin-off and neither Brookfield nor our company has any intention to do so. Accordingly, a unitholder may need to satisfy any United States federal income tax resulting from the receipt of our units with cash from such unitholder’s own funds or by selling all or a portion of the units received.

 

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If either our company or the Property Partnership were to be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the value of our units might be adversely affected.

The value of our units to our unitholders will depend in part on the treatment of our company and the Property Partnership as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In order for our company to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, under present law, 90% or more of our company’s gross income for every taxable year must consist of qualifying income, as defined in Section 7704 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, and the partnership must not be required to register, if it were a U.S. corporation, as an investment company under the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940 and related rules. Although the BPY General Partner intends to manage our affairs so that our company will not need to be registered as an investment company if it were a U.S. corporation and so that it will meet the 90% test described above in each taxable year, our company may not meet these requirements, or current law may change so as to cause, in either event, our company to be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If our company (or the Property Partnership) were treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could result for our unitholders and our company (or the Property Partnership, as applicable), as described in greater detail in Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — U.S. Tax Considerations — Partnership Status of Our Company and the Property Partnership”.

The failure of certain of our operating entities (or certain of their subsidiaries) to qualify as real estate investment trusts under U.S. federal income tax rules generally would have adverse tax consequences which could result in a material reduction in cash flow and after-tax return for our unitholders and thus could result in a reduction of the value of our units.

Certain of our operating entities (and certain of their subsidiaries), including operating entities in which we do not have a controlling interest, intend to qualify for taxation as REITs for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, no assurance can be provided that any such entity will qualify as a REIT. An entity’s ability to qualify as a REIT depends on its satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership, and other requirements on a continuing basis. No assurance can be provided that the actual results of operations for any particular entity in a given taxable year will satisfy such requirements. If any such entity were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on its net taxable income at regular corporate rates, and distributions would not be deductible by it in computing its taxable income. Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and could materially reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our company, which in turn would materially reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our unitholders or investment in our business and could have an adverse impact on the value of our units. Unless entitled to relief under certain U.S. federal income tax rules, any entity which so failed to qualify as a REIT would also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which it ceased to qualify as a REIT.

We may be subject to U.S. “backup” withholding tax or other U.S. withholding taxes if any unitholder fails to comply with U.S. tax reporting rules or if the IRS or other applicable state or local taxing authority does not accept our withholding methodology, and such excess withholding tax cost will be an expense borne by our company and, therefore, all of our unitholders on a pro rata basis.

We may become subject to U.S. backup withholding tax or other U.S. withholding taxes with respect to any U.S. or non-U.S. unitholder who fails to timely provide us (or the applicable intermediary) with an IRS Form W-9 or IRS Form W-8, as the case may be, or if the withholding methodology we use is not accepted by the IRS or applicable state or local taxing authorities. Accordingly, it is important that each of our unitholders timely provides us (or the relevant intermediary) with an IRS Form W-9 or IRS Form W-8, as applicable. In addition, under certain circumstances, our company may treat such U.S. backup withholding taxes or other U.S. withholding taxes as an expense, which will be borne indirectly by all unitholders on a pro rata basis. See Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — U.S. Tax Considerations — Administrative Matters — Withholding and Backup Withholding”.

 

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Tax-exempt organizations may face certain adverse U.S. tax consequences from owning our units.

The BPY General Partner and the Property General Partner intend to use commercially reasonable efforts to structure the activities of our company and the Property Partnership, respectively, to avoid generating income connected with the conduct of a trade or business (which income generally would constitute “unrelated business taxable income”, or UBTI, to the extent allocated to a tax-exempt organization). However, no assurance can be provided that neither our company nor the Property Partnership will generate UBTI in the future. In particular, UBTI includes income attributable to debt-financed property, and neither our company nor the Property Partnership is prohibited from financing the acquisition of property with debt. The potential for income to be characterized as UBTI could make our units an unsuitable investment for a tax-exempt organization, as addressed in greater detail in Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — U.S. Tax Considerations — Consequences to U.S. Holders — U.S. Taxation of Tax-Exempt U.S. Holders of Our Units”.

There may be limitations on the deductibility of our company’s interest expense.

So long as we are treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, each of our unitholders that is taxable in the United States generally will be taxed on its share of our company’s net taxable income. However, U.S. federal, state, or local income tax law may limit the deductibility of such unitholder’s share of our company’s interest expense. Therefore, any such unitholder may be taxed on amounts in excess of such unitholder’s share of the net income of our company. This could adversely impact the value of our units if our company were to incur a significant amount of indebtedness. See Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — U.S. Tax Considerations — Consequences to U.S. Holders — Holding of Our Units — Limitations on Interest Deductions”.

If our company were engaged in a U.S. trade or business, non-U.S. persons would face certain adverse U.S. tax consequences from owning our units.

Based on our organizational structure following the spin-off, as well as our expected income and assets, the BPY General Partner and the Property General Partner currently believe that our company is unlikely to earn income treated as effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, including income attributable to the sale of a “U.S. real property interest”, as defined in the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. If our company were deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business or to realize gain from the sale or other disposition of a U.S. real property interest, unitholders that are not U.S. persons would be required to file U.S. federal income tax returns and could be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at the highest marginal U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to ordinary income. See Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — U.S. Tax Considerations — Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders”.

To meet U.S. federal income tax and other objectives, our company and the Property Partnership may invest through U.S. and non-U.S. Holding Entities that are treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and such Holding Entities may be subject to corporate income tax.

To meet U.S. federal income tax and other objectives, our company and the Property Partnership may invest through U.S. and non-U.S. Holding Entities that are treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and such Holding Entities may be subject to corporate income tax. Consequently, items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit realized in the first instance by our operating entities will not flow, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, directly to the Property Partnership, our company, or our unitholders, and any such income or gain may be subject to a corporate income tax, in the U.S. or other jurisdictions, at the level of the Holding Entity. Any such additional taxes may adversely affect our company’s ability to maximize its cash flow.

Certain of our Holding Entities or operating entities may be, or may be acquired through, an entity classified as a “passive foreign investment company” for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

U.S. holders may face adverse U.S. tax consequences arising from the ownership of a direct or indirect interest in a “passive foreign investment company”, or PFIC. Based on our organizational structure following the

 

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spin-off, as well as our expected income and assets, the BPY General Partner and the Property General Partner currently believe that one or more of our current Holding Entities and operating entities are likely to be classified as PFICs. In addition, we may in the future acquire certain investments or operating entities through one or more Holding Entities treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and such future Holding Entities or other companies in which we acquire an interest may be treated as PFICs. Our unitholders that are taxable in the U.S. may experience adverse U.S. tax consequences as a result of owning an indirect interest in a PFIC through our company. Investments in PFICs can produce taxable income prior to the receipt of cash relating to such income, and unitholders that are U.S. taxpayers generally would be required to take such income into account in determining their taxable income. In addition, gain from the sale of stock of a PFIC generally is subject to tax at ordinary income rates, and an interest charge generally applies. The adverse consequences of owning an interest in a PFIC, as well as certain tax elections for mitigating these adverse consequences, are described in greater detail in Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — U.S. Tax Considerations — Consequences to U.S. Holders — Passive Foreign Investment Companies”. You should consult an independent tax adviser regarding the implication of the PFIC rules for an investment in our units.

Tax gain or loss from the disposition of our units could be more or less than expected.

If you sell your units and are taxable in the United States, then you will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized and your adjusted tax basis in your units. Prior distributions to you in excess of the total net taxable income allocated to you will have decreased your tax basis in your units. Therefore, such excess distributions will increase your taxable gain or decrease your taxable loss when you sell your units, and may result in a taxable gain even if the sale price is less than the original cost. A portion of the amount realized, whether or not representing gain, could be ordinary income to you.

Our partnership structure involves complex provisions of U.S. federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available. The tax characterization of our partnership structure is also subject to potential legislative, judicial, or administrative change and differing interpretations, possibly on a retroactive basis.

The U.S. federal income tax treatment of our unitholders depends in some instances on determinations of fact and interpretations of complex provisions of U.S. federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available. Holders should be aware that the U.S. federal income tax rules, particularly those applicable to partnerships, are constantly under review by the Congressional tax-writing committees and other persons involved in the legislative process, the IRS, the U.S. Treasury Department and the courts, frequently resulting in changes which could adversely affect the value of our units or cause our company to change the way it conducts its activities. In addition, our company’s organizational documents and agreements permit the BPY General Partner to modify our limited partnership agreement, without the consent of our unitholders, to address such changes. These modifications could have a material adverse impact on our unitholders. See Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — U.S. Tax Considerations — New Legislation or Administrative or Judicial Action”.

The IRS may not agree with certain assumptions and conventions that our company uses in order to comply with applicable U.S. federal income tax laws or that our company uses to report income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit to our unitholders.

Our company will apply certain assumptions and conventions in order to comply with applicable tax laws and to report income, gain, deduction, loss, and credit to a unitholder in a manner that reflects such unitholder’s beneficial ownership of partnership items, taking into account variation in ownership interests during each taxable year because of trading activity. A successful IRS challenge to such assumptions or conventions could adversely affect the amount of tax benefits available to our unitholders and could require that items of income, gain, deduction, loss, or credit, including interest deductions, be adjusted, reallocated or disallowed in a manner that adversely affects our unitholders. See Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — Consequences to U.S. Holders”.

 

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Our company’s delivery of required tax information for a taxable year may be subject to delay, which could require a unitholder to request an extension of the due date for such unitholder’s income tax return.

It may require longer than 90 days after the end of our company’s fiscal year to obtain the requisite information from all lower-tier entities so that IRS Schedule K-1s may be prepared for our company. For this reason, holders of our units who are U.S. taxpayers should anticipate the need to file annually with the IRS (and certain states) a request for an extension past April 15 or the otherwise applicable due date of their income tax return for the taxable year. See Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — U.S. Tax Considerations — Administrative Matters — Information Returns”.

The sale or exchange of 50% or more of our units will result in the constructive termination of our partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Our partnership will be considered to have been terminated for U.S. federal income tax purposes if there is a sale or exchange of 50% or more of our units within a 12-month period. A constructive termination of our partnership would, among other things, result in the closing of its taxable year for U.S. federal income tax purposes for all unitholders and could result in the possible acceleration of income to certain unitholders and certain other consequences that could adversely affect the value of our units. However, the BPY General Partner does not expect a constructive termination, should it occur, to have a material impact on the computation of the future taxable income generated by our company for U.S. income tax purposes. See Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — U.S. Tax Considerations — Administrative Matters — Constructive Termination”.

The U.S. Congress has considered legislation that could, if enacted, adversely affect our company’s qualification as a partnership for U.S. federal tax purposes under the publicly traded partnership rules and subject certain income and gains to tax at increased rates. If this or similar legislation were to be enacted and to apply to our company, then the after-tax income of our company, as well as the market price of our units, could be reduced.

Over the past several years, a number of legislative proposals have been introduced in the U.S. Congress which could have had adverse tax consequences for our company or the Property Partnership, including the recharacterization of certain items of capital gain income as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, such legislation was not enacted into law. The Obama administration has indicated it supports such legislation and has proposed that the current law regarding the treatment of such items of capital gain income be changed to subject such income to ordinary income tax. For further detail on such proposed legislation, see Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — U.S. Tax Considerations — Proposed Legislation”.

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act of 2010, commonly known as “FATCA”, certain payments of U.S.-source income (as well as gross proceeds from the disposition of property that could produce U.S.-source dividends or interest) made to or by our company on or after January 1, 2014 could be subject to a 30% federal withholding tax, unless an exception applies.

Under FATCA, certain payments of U.S.-source income made on or after January 1, 2014 (as well as gross proceeds from the disposition of property that could produce U.S.-source dividends or interest made on or after January 1, 2017) to our company or the Property Partnership or by our company to a unitholder could be subject to a 30% withholding tax under certain circumstances. In addition, to ensure compliance with FATCA, information regarding certain unitholders’ ownership of our units may be reported to the IRS or to a non-U.S. governmental authority. Each of our unitholders should consult an independent tax adviser regarding the consequences under FATCA of an investment in our units. For further detail on FATCA, see Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — U.S. Tax Considerations — Administrative Matters — Foreign Account Tax Compliance”.

 

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Canada

Canada Revenue Agency may disagree with our valuation of the spin-off dividend.

Our unitholders that are subject to income tax in Canada will be considered to receive a dividend upon the spin-off equal to the fair market value of the units of our company received upon the spin-off plus the amount of any cash received in lieu of fractional units. We will use the volume weighted average trading price of our units on the NYSE for the five trading days immediately following the spin-off as the fair market value of our units for these purposes but this amount is not binding on the Canada Revenue Agency, or CRA. CRA may disagree with this valuation and this could result in increased tax liability to such unitholders. Neither Brookfield nor our company has any obligation to distribute cash to pay any taxes owed by a unitholder as a result of the spin-off and neither Brookfield nor our company has any intention to do so. Accordingly, a unitholder may need to satisfy any Canadian federal income tax liability resulting from the receipt of our units with cash from such unitholder’s own funds or by selling all or a portion of the units received.

If any non-Canadian subsidiaries in which the Property Partnership directly invests earn income that is characterized as “foreign accrual property income”, or FAPI, as defined in the Income Tax Act (Canada), or the Tax Act, our unitholders may be required to include amounts allocated from our company in computing their income for Canadian federal income tax purposes even though there may be no corresponding cash distribution.

Any non-resident subsidiaries in which the Property Partnership directly invests are expected to be “foreign affiliates” and “controlled foreign affiliates”, each as defined in the Tax Act, collectively referred to herein as CFAs, of the Property Partnership. If any of such non-Canadian subsidiaries earns income that is FAPI in a particular taxation year of the CFA, the Property Partnership’s proportionate share of such FAPI must be included in computing the income of the Property Partnership for Canadian federal income tax purposes for the fiscal period of the Property Partnership in which the taxation year of such CFA that earned the FAPI ends, whether or not the Property Partnership actually receives a distribution of such income. Our company will include its share of such FAPI of the Property Partnership in computing its income for Canadian federal income tax purposes and our unitholders will be required to include their proportionate share of such FAPI allocated from our company in computing their income for Canadian federal income tax purposes. As a result, our unitholders may be required to include amounts in their income even though they have not and may not receive an actual cash distribution of such amount.

The Canadian federal income tax consequences to you could be materially different in certain respects from those described in this Form 20-F if our company or the Property Partnership is a “SIFT partnership”.

Under the rules in the Tax Act applicable to a “SIFT partnership”, or the SIFT Rules, certain income and gains earned by a “SIFT partnership” will be subject to income tax at the partnership level at a rate similar to a corporation and allocations of such income and gains to its partners will be taxed as a dividend from a taxable Canadian corporation. In particular, a “SIFT partnership” will be required to pay a tax on the total of its income from businesses carried on in Canada, income from “non-portfolio properties” as defined in the Tax Act (other than taxable dividends), and taxable capital gains from dispositions of non-portfolio properties. “Non-portfolio properties” include, among other things, equity interests or debt of corporations, trusts or partnerships that are resident in Canada, and of non-resident persons or partnerships the principal source of income of which is one or any combination of sources in Canada (other than an “excluded subsidiary entity” as defined in the Tax Act), that are held by the “SIFT partnership” and have a fair market value that is greater than 10% of the equity value of such entity, or that have, together with debt or equity that the “SIFT partnership” holds of entities affiliated (within the meaning of the Tax Act) with such entity, an aggregate fair market value that is greater than 50% of the equity value of the “SIFT partnership”. The tax rate that is applied to the above mentioned sources of income and gains is set at a rate equal to the “net corporate income tax rate”, plus the “provincial SIFT tax rate”, each as defined in the Tax Act.

 

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Under the SIFT Rules, our company and the Property Partnership could each be a “SIFT partnership” for any taxation year in which either is a “Canadian resident partnership”. Our company and the Property Partnership will be a “Canadian resident partnership” if the central management and control of these partnerships is located in Canada. This determination is a question of fact and is expected to depend on where the BPY General Partner and the Property General Partner are located and exercise central management and control of the respective partnerships. The BPY General Partner and the Property General Partner advise that they will each take appropriate steps so that the central management and control of these entities is not located in Canada such that the SIFT Rules should not apply to our company or to the Property Partnership at any relevant time. However, no assurance can be given in this regard. If our company or the Property Partnership is a “SIFT partnership”, the Canadian income tax consequences to our unitholders could be materially different in certain respects from those described in Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations”. In addition, there can be no assurance that the SIFT Rules will not be revised or amended in the future such that the SIFT Rules will apply to our company or to the Property Partnership.

Unitholders may be required to include imputed amounts in their income for Canadian federal income tax purposes in accordance with existing section 94.1 of the Tax Act as proposed to be amended under proposed amendments to the Tax Act announced on March 4, 2010 and contained in Bill C-48 which is currently proceeding through the legislative process, if, it is reasonable to conclude, having regard to all the circumstances, that one of the main reasons for the unitholder, our company or the Property Partnership acquiring or holding an investment in a non-resident entity is to derive a benefit from “portfolio investments” as defined in the Tax Act in such a manner that taxes under the Tax Act on income, profits and gains for any year are significantly less than they would have been if such income, profits and gains had been earned directly.

On March 4, 2010, the Minister of Finance (Canada), or the Minister, announced as part of the 2010 Canadian federal budget that the outstanding tax proposals regarding investments in “foreign investment entities” would be replaced with revised proposed amendments to the Tax Act under which the existing rules in section 94.1 of the Tax Act relating to investments in “offshore investment fund property” would remain in place subject to certain limited enhancements. Legislation to implement the revised proposed amendments to the Tax Act is contained in Bill C-48 which is currently proceeding through the legislative process. Existing section 94.1 of the Tax Act contains rules relating to investments in non-resident entities that could in certain circumstances cause income to be imputed to unitholders for Canadian federal income tax purposes, either directly or by way of allocation of such income imputed to our company or to the Property Partnership. These rules would apply if it is reasonable to conclude, having regard to all the circumstances, that one of the main reasons for the unitholder, our company or the Property Partnership acquiring or holding an investment in a non-resident entity is to derive a benefit from “portfolio investments” in such a manner that taxes under the Tax Act on income, profits and gains for any year are significantly less than they would have been if such income, profits and gains had been earned directly. In determining whether this is the case, existing section 94.1 of the Tax Act provides that consideration must be given to, among other factors, the extent to which the income, profits and gains for any fiscal period are distributed in that or the immediately following fiscal period. If these rules apply to a unitholder, our company or the Property Partnership, income for Canadian federal income tax purposes will be imputed directly to the unitholder or to our company or the Property Partnership and allocated to the unitholder in accordance with the rules in existing section 94.1 of the Tax Act as proposed to be amended. No assurance can be given that existing section 94.1 of the Tax Act, as proposed to be amended, will not apply to a unitholder, our company or the Property Partnership. The rules in existing section 94.1 of the Tax Act are complex and investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of these rules to them in their particular circumstances.

Our units may or may not continue to be “qualified investments” under the Tax Act for registered plans.

Provided that our units are listed on a “designated stock exchange” as defined in the Tax Act (which includes the NYSE and the Toronto Stock Exchange, or TSX), our units will be “qualified investments” under the Tax Act for a trust governed by a registered retirement saving plan, or RRSP, deferred profit sharing plan, registered retirement income fund, or RRIF, registered education saving plan, registered disability saving plan,

 

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and a tax-free savings account, or TFSA. However, there can be no assurance that our units will be listed or continue to be listed on a designated stock exchange. There can also be no assurance that tax laws relating to qualified investments will not be changed. Taxes may be imposed in respect of the acquisition or holding of non-qualified investments by such registered plans and certain other taxpayers and with respect to the acquisition or holding of “prohibited investments” as defined in the Tax Act by a RRSP, RRIF or TFSA.

Our units will not be a “prohibited investment” for a trust governed by a RRSP, RRIF or TFSA, provided that the holder of the TFSA or the annuitant of the RRSP or RRIF, as the case may be, deals at arm’s length with our company for purposes of the Tax Act and does not have a “significant interest”, as defined in the Tax Act for purposes of the prohibited investment rules, in our company or in a corporation, partnership or trust with which we do not deal at arm’s length for purposes of the Tax Act. The Department of Finance (Canada) released proposed amendments to the Tax Act on December 21, 2012 that will exclude certain “excluded property” (as defined in the proposed amendments) from being a “prohibited investment”. Generally, our units will be “excluded property” (i.e. not a “prohibited investment”) to the holder of a TFSA or the annuitant of an RRSP or RRIF, as the case may be, if, at the relevant time, at least 90% of the fair market value of all equity of our company is owned by persons dealing at arm’s length with such holder or annuitant, and their investment in our company meets the other criteria set forth in such proposed amendments. Such proposed amendments will be deemed to have come into force on March 23, 2011. Investors who intend to hold our units in a TFSA, RRSP, or RRIF should consult with their own tax advisors regarding the application of the foregoing prohibited investment rules having regard to their particular circumstances.

Unitholders who are not resident in Canada or deemed to be resident in Canada, or a non-Canadian limited partnership, may be subject to Canadian federal income tax with respect to any Canadian source business income earned by our company or the Property Partnership if our company or the Property Partnership were considered to carry on business in Canada.

If our company or the Property Partnership were considered to carry on a business in Canada for purposes of the Tax Act, non-Canadian limited partners would be subject to Canadian federal income tax on their proportionate share of any Canadian source business income earned or considered to be earned by our company, subject to the potential application of the safe harbour rule in section 115.2 of the Tax Act, as proposed to be amended under proposed amendments to the Tax Act announced by the Minister on October 31, 2010 and contained in Bill C-48, which is currently proceeding through the legislative process, and any relief that may be provided by any relevant income tax treaty or convention.

The BPY General Partner and the Property General Partner intend to manage the affairs of our company and the Property Partnership, to the extent possible, so that they do not carry on business in Canada and are not considered or deemed to carry on business in Canada for purposes of the Tax Act. Nevertheless, because the determination of whether our company or the Property Partnership is carrying on business and, if so, whether that business is carried on in Canada, is a question of fact that is dependent upon the surrounding circumstances, the CRA might contend successfully that either or both of our company and the Property Partnership carries on business in Canada for purposes of the Tax Act.

If our company or the Property Partnership is considered to carry on business in Canada or is deemed to carry on business in Canada for the purposes of the Tax Act, non-Canadian limited partners that are corporations would be required to file a Canadian federal income tax return for each year in which they are a non-Canadian limited partner regardless of whether relief from Canadian taxation is available under an applicable income tax treaty or convention. Non-Canadian limited partners who are individuals would only be required to file a Canadian federal income tax return for any taxation year in which they are allocated income from our company from carrying on business in Canada that is not exempt from Canadian taxation under the terms of an applicable income tax treaty or convention.

 

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Non-Canadian limited partners may be subject to Canadian federal income tax on capital gains realized by our company or the Property Partnership on dispositions of “taxable Canadian property” as defined in the Tax Act.

A non-Canadian limited partner will be subject to Canadian federal income tax on its proportionate share of capital gains realized by our company or the Property Partnership on the disposition of “taxable Canadian property”, other than “treaty protected property”, as defined in the Tax Act. “Taxable Canadian property” includes, but is not limited to, property that is used or held in a business carried on in Canada and shares of corporations resident in Canada that are not listed on a “designated stock exchange”, as defined in the Tax Act, if more than 50% of the fair market value of the shares is derived from certain Canadian properties during the 60-month period immediately preceding the disposition. Property of our company and the Property Partnership generally will be “treaty-protected property” to a non-Canadian limited partner if the gain from the disposition of the property would, because of an applicable income tax treaty or convention, be exempt from tax under the Tax Act. Our company and the Property Partnership are not expected to realize capital gains or losses from dispositions of “taxable Canadian property”. However, no assurance can be given in this regard. Non-Canadian limited partners will be required to file a Canadian federal income tax return in respect of a disposition of “taxable Canadian property” by our company or the Property Partnership unless the disposition is an “excluded disposition” for the purposes of section 150 of the Tax Act. However, non-Canadian limited partners that are corporations will still be required to file a Canadian federal income tax return in respect of a disposition of “taxable Canadian property” that is an “excluded disposition” for the purposes of section 150 of the Tax Act if tax would otherwise be payable under Part I of the Tax Act by such non-Canadian limited partners in respect of the disposition but is not because of a tax treaty (otherwise than in respect of a disposition of “taxable Canadian property” that is “treaty-protected property of the corporation). In general, an “excluded disposition” is a disposition of property by a taxpayer in a taxation year where: (i) the taxpayer is a non-resident of Canada at the time of the disposition; (ii) no tax is payable by the taxpayer under Part I of the Tax Act for the taxation year; (iii) the taxpayer is not liable to pay any amounts under the Tax Act in respect of any previous taxation year (other than certain amounts for which the CRA holds adequate security); and (iv) each “taxable Canadian property” disposed of by the taxpayer in the taxation year is either: (i) “excluded property” (as defined in subsection 116(6) of the Tax Act); or (ii) is property in respect of the disposition of which a certificate under subsection 116(2), (4) or (5.2) has been issued by the CRA. Non-Canadian limited partners should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the requirements to file a Canadian federal income tax return in respect of a disposition of “taxable Canadian property” by our company or the Property Partnership.

Non-Canadian limited partners may be subject to Canadian federal income tax on capital gains realized on the disposition of our units if our units are “taxable Canadian property”.

Any capital gain arising from the disposition or deemed disposition of our units by a non-Canadian limited partner will be subject to taxation in Canada, if, at the time of the disposition or deemed disposition, our units are “taxable Canadian property” of the non-Canadian limited partner, unless our units are “treaty-protected property” to such non-Canadian limited partner. In general, our units will not constitute “taxable Canadian property” of any non-Canadian limited partner at the time of disposition or deemed disposition, unless (a) at any time in the 60-month period immediately preceding the disposition or deemed disposition, more than 50% of the fair market value of our units was derived, directly or indirectly (under proposed amendments to the Tax Act announced by the Minister on August 27, 2010 and contained in Bill C-48 which is currently proceeding through the legislative process, excluding through a corporation, partnership or trust, the shares or interests in which were not themselves “taxable Canadian property”), from one or any combination of: (i) real or immovable property situated in Canada; (ii) “Canadian resource property” as defined in the Tax Act; (iii) “timber resource property” as defined in the Tax Act; and (iv) options in respect of or interests in, or for civil law rights in, such property, whether or not such property exists, or (b) our units are otherwise deemed to be “taxable Canadian property”. Units of our company will be “treaty protected property” if the gain on the disposition of our units is exempt from tax under the Tax Act under the terms of an applicable income tax treaty or convention. It is not expected that our units will constitute “taxable Canadian property” at any time but no assurance can be given in this regard. If our units constitute “taxable Canadian property”, non-Canadian limited partners will be required to file a Canadian federal income tax return in respect of a disposition of our units unless the disposition is an “excluded

 

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disposition” (as discussed above). If our units constitute “taxable Canadian property”, non-Canadian limited partners should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the requirement to file a Canadian federal income tax return in respect of a disposition of our units.

Non-Canadian limited partners may be subject to Canadian federal income tax reporting and withholding tax requirements on the disposition of “taxable Canadian property”.

Non-Canadian limited partners who dispose of “taxable Canadian property”, other than “excluded property”, as defined in subsection 116(6) of the Tax Act, and certain other property described in subsection 116(5.2) of the Tax Act, (or who are considered to have disposed of such property on the disposition of such property by our company or the Property Partnership), are obligated to comply with the procedures set out in section 116 of the Tax Act and obtain a certificate thereunder. In order to obtain such certificate, the non-Canadian limited partner is required to report certain particulars relating to the transaction to CRA not later than 10 days after the disposition occurs. Our units are not expected to be “taxable Canadian property” and neither our company nor the Property Partnership is expected to dispose of property that is “taxable Canadian property” but no assurance can be given in these regards.

Payments of dividends or interest (other than interest exempt from Canadian federal withholding tax) by residents of Canada to the Property Partnership will be subject to Canadian federal withholding tax and we may be unable to apply a reduced rate taking into account the residency or entitlement to relief under an applicable income tax treaty or convention of our unitholders.

Our company and the Property Partnership will be deemed to be a non-resident person in respect of certain amounts paid or credited to them by a person resident or deemed to be resident in Canada, including dividends or interest. Dividends or interest (other than interest exempt from Canadian federal withholding tax) paid by a person resident or deemed to be resident in Canada to the Property Partnership will be subject to withholding tax under Part XIII of the Tax Act at the rate of 25%. However, the CRA’s administrative practice in similar circumstances is to permit the rate of Canadian federal withholding tax applicable to such payments to be computed by looking through the partnership and taking into account the residency of the partners (including partners who are resident in Canada) and any reduced rates of Canadian federal withholding tax that any non-Canadian limited partners may be entitled to under an applicable income tax treaty or convention provided that the residency status and entitlement to treaty benefits can be established. In determining the rate of Canadian federal withholding tax applicable to amounts paid by the Holding Entities to the Property Partnership, we expect the Holding Entities to look-through the Property Partnership and our company to the residency of the partners of our company (including partners who are residents of Canada) and to take into account any reduced rates of Canadian federal withholding tax that non-Canadian limited partners may be entitled to under an applicable income tax treaty or convention in order to determine the appropriate amount of Canadian federal withholding tax to withhold from dividends or interest paid to the Property Partnership. However, there can be no assurance that the CRA will apply its administrative practice in this context. If the CRA’s administrative practice is not applied and the Holding Entities withhold Canadian federal withholding tax from applicable payments on a look-through basis, the Holding Entities may be liable for additional amounts of Canadian federal withholding tax plus any associated interest and penalties. Under the Canada-United States Tax Convention (1980), or the Treaty, a Canadian resident payer is required in certain circumstances to look-through fiscally transparent partnerships, such as our company and the Property Partnership, to the residency and treaty entitlements of their partners and take into account the reduced rates of Canadian federal withholding tax that such partners may be entitled to under the Treaty.

While the BPY General Partner and the Property General Partner expect the Holding Entities to look-through our company and the Property Partnership in determining the rate of Canadian federal withholding tax applicable to amounts paid by the Holding Entities to the Property Partnership, we may be unable to accurately or timely determine the residency of our unitholders for purposes of establishing the extent to which Canadian

 

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federal withholding taxes apply or whether reduced rates of withholding tax apply to some or all of our unitholders. In such a case, the Holding Entities will withhold Canadian federal withholding tax from all payments made to the Property Partnership that are subject to Canadian federal withholding tax at the rate of 25%. Canadian resident unitholders will be entitled to claim a credit for such taxes against their Canadian federal income tax liability but non-Canadian limited partners will need to take certain steps to receive a refund or credit in respect of any such Canadian federal withholding taxes withheld equal to the difference between the withholding tax at a rate of 25% and the withholding tax at the reduced rate they are entitled to under an applicable income tax treaty or convention. See Item 10.E. “Additional Information — Taxation — Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations” for further detail. Investors should consult their own tax advisors concerning all aspects of Canadian federal withholding taxes.

 

ITEM  4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

4.A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY

Our company is a leading global owner, operator and investor in high quality commercial property. We invest in well-located real estate assets that generate, or have the potential to generate, long-term, predictable and sustainable cash flows with attractive growth and development potential in some of the world’s most resilient and dynamic markets. We seek to enhance the cash flows and value of these assets through active asset management and our operations-oriented approach. Our properties are located in North America, Europe, Australia and Brazil and we may pursue growth in other markets where we identify attractive opportunities to build operating platforms or acquire assets and to achieve strong risk-adjusted returns. We strive to invest at attractive valuations, capitalizing on distress situations where possible, creating opportunities for superior valuation gains and cash flow returns, and to monetize assets at appropriate times to realize value.

Prior to the spin-off, we will acquire from Brookfield Asset Management substantially all of its commercial property operations, including its office, retail, multi-family and industrial assets. We will be Brookfield’s flagship public commercial property entity and the primary entity through which Brookfield Asset Management owns and operates these businesses on a global basis. We are positioned to provide unitholders with the opportunity to benefit from Brookfield’s global presence, operating experience, execution capabilities and relationships.

Given the size and scope of our real estate business, we expect that we will have significant flexibility in sourcing and allocating capital on a global basis and a strong global franchise to generate growth. We plan to grow by acquiring positions of control or significant influence over the assets in which we invest using a variety of strategies to target assets directly or through portfolios and corporate entities. Our goal is to be a premier entity for investors seeking exposure to commercial property across a wide spectrum of real estate sectors and geographies.

Our general partner and the general partner of the Property Partnership are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Brookfield Asset Management. In addition, wholly-owned subsidiaries of Brookfield Asset Management will provide management services to us pursuant to our Master Services Agreement.

Our company was established on January 3, 2013 as a Bermuda exempted limited partnership registered under the Bermuda Limited Partnership Act of 1883, as amended, and the Bermuda Exempted Partnerships Act of 1992, as amended. Our company’s head and registered office is 73 Front Street, 5th Floor, Hamilton HM 12, Bermuda, and our company’s telephone number is +441 294-3304.

 

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THE SPIN-OFF

Background to and Purpose of the Spin-Off

The goal of Brookfield Asset Management is to establish itself as the asset manager of choice for investors in real estate, infrastructure, power and private equity. In 2007, Brookfield Asset Management established Brookfield Infrastructure Partners L.P. as its primary entity to own and operate infrastructure assets on a global basis. In 2011, Brookfield Asset Management established Brookfield Renewable Energy Partners L.P. as its primary entity to own and operate renewable power assets on a global basis. Our company will be the primary entity through which Brookfield Asset Management owns and operates its commercial property businesses on a global basis. Brookfield, through affiliates, manages and is a significant owner of all these entities.

 

LOGO

 

  (1) Approximate.

In creating our company, Brookfield has contributed substantially all of its commercial property operations into one entity. The spin-off of our units is intended to achieve the following objectives for Brookfield:

 

   

Create a company positioned to pay distributions at higher yields than the current dividend yield on the Class A and Class B limited voting shares of Brookfield Asset Management.

 

   

Create a company with significant market capitalization that, together with planned listings on the NYSE and the TSX, will provide an attractive currency to source and execute large-scale transactions across a wide spectrum of commercial real estate sectors and geographies.

 

   

Delineate and emphasize the scale and value of our commercial property operations for shareholders of Brookfield Asset Management.

 

   

Provide greater transparency for Brookfield as a global asset manager.

Mechanics of the Spin-Off

Brookfield Asset Management intends to make a special dividend of approximately 47% of our units to holders of its Class A limited voting shares and Class B limited voting shares, pursuant to which holders of Class A limited voting shares and Class B limited voting shares of Brookfield Asset Management will be entitled to receive 5.74 of our units for every 100 Class A limited voting shares or Class B limited voting shares held as of the record date of the special dividend. Based on approximately 620 million Class A limited voting shares and 85,120 Class B limited voting shares of Brookfield Asset Management that we expect to be outstanding on the record date for the spin-off, Brookfield Asset Management intends to make a special dividend of approximately 36 million units of our company. Immediately after the spin-off, Brookfield Asset Management will hold approximately 40 million of our units or approximately 53% of our outstanding units. In addition, Brookfield Asset Management is expected to hold approximately 394 million Redemption-Exchange Units at the closing of the spin-off.

 

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Brookfield Asset Management’s interest in our company on the closing date of the spin-off will consist of a combination of our units, Redemption-Exchange Units and general partner interests. The ownership of our units and Redemption-Exchange Units discussed above is based on the current value of the business to be contributed to our company in connection with the spin-off, which may be different at the closing of the spin-off. As a result, the percentage of our units to be held by holders of Brookfield Asset Management’s Class A limited voting shares and Class B limited voting shares, and the corresponding percentage of our units to be held by Brookfield Asset Management, in each case on the closing date of the spin-off, may be different than as set forth above. However, Brookfield Asset Management’s effective economic interest in our business, on a fully exchanged basis, will be approximately 92.5% on the closing date of the spin-off.

Holders of Brookfield Asset Management’s Class A limited voting shares or Class B limited voting shares will not be required to pay for the units to be received upon consummation of the spin-off or tender or surrender Class A limited voting shares or Class B limited voting shares of Brookfield Asset Management or take any other action in connection with the spin-off. No vote of Brookfield Asset Management’s shareholders will be required for the spin-off. If a holder owns Brookfield Asset Management Class A limited voting shares or Class B limited voting shares as of the close of business on the record date of the special dividend, which is expected to be March 12, 2013, a certificate reflecting the holder’s ownership of our units will be mailed to the holder, or the holder’s brokerage account will be credited for our units, on or about April 15, 2013. The number of Class A limited voting shares and Class B limited voting shares of Brookfield Asset Management that a holder owns will not change as a result of the spin-off. Brookfield Asset Management’s Class A limited voting shares and Class B limited voting shares will continue to be traded on the NYSE under the symbol “BAM”, on the TSX under the symbol “BAM.A” and on the NYSE Euronext under the symbol “BAMA”.

No holder will be entitled to receive any fractional interests in our units. Holders who would otherwise be entitled to a fractional unit will receive a cash payment. Brookfield Asset Management will use the volume-weighted average of the trading price of our units for the five trading days immediately following the spin-off to determine the value of our units for the purpose of calculating the cash payable in lieu of any fractional interests. It is currently anticipated that, immediately following the spin-off, holders of Class A limited voting shares and Class B limited voting shares of Brookfield Asset Management will hold units of our company representing in the aggregate an effective economic interest in our business of approximately 7.5% and Brookfield Asset Management will hold a combination of units of our company and Redemption-Exchange Units of the Property Partnership representing an effective economic interest in our business of approximately 92.5%. Although Brookfield intends to maintain a significant interest in our company, Brookfield expects its interest to be reduced from this level over time through mergers, treasury issuances or secondary sales.

Limited partners who acquire our units pursuant to the spin-off will be considered to have received a taxable dividend for Canadian federal income tax purposes equal to the fair market value of our units so received (as determined by reference to the five day volume-weighted average of the trading price of our units following closing of the spin-off) plus the amount of any cash received in lieu of fractional units. Non-Canadian resident limited partners will be subject to Canadian federal withholding tax at the rate of 25% on the amount of the special dividend, subject to reduction under terms of an applicable income tax treaty or convention.

Limited partners who are taxable in the United States and who acquire our units pursuant to the spin-off generally will be considered to have received a taxable distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes equal to the fair market value of our units so received plus the amount of any cash received in lieu of fractional units, without reduction for the amount of any Canadian tax withheld. A limited partner who is taxable in the United States may be subject to U.S. “backup” withholding tax if such limited partner fails to timely provide Brookfield Asset Management (or the relevant intermediary) with a properly completed IRS Form W-9. U.S. backup withholding tax is not an additional tax, and any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a credit against a limited partner’s U.S. federal income tax liability (or as a refund if in excess of such liability) provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

To satisfy the withholding tax liabilities of non-Canadian registered shareholders of Brookfield Asset Management, Brookfield Asset Management will withhold a portion of our units otherwise distributable and a

 

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portion of any cash distribution in lieu of fractional units otherwise distributable. Brookfield Asset Management will purchase these withheld units at a price equal to the fair market value of our units determined by reference to the five day volume-weighted average of the trading price of our units following closing of the spin-off. The proceeds of this sale of the withheld units together with the amount of any cash withheld from any cash distribution in lieu of fractional units will be remitted to the Canadian federal government or the U.S. federal government (as applicable) in satisfaction of the withholding tax liabilities described above. We estimate that the satisfaction of the Canadian federal and U.S. “backup” withholding tax obligations will result in Brookfield Asset Management withholding less than 1% of our outstanding units. For non-Canadian beneficial shareholders, these withholding tax obligations will be satisfied in the ordinary course through arrangements with their broker or other intermediary. See Item 10.E “Additional Information Taxation” which qualifies in its entirety the foregoing discussion.

Neither Brookfield nor our company has any obligation to distribute cash to pay any taxes owed by a unitholder as a result of the spin-off and neither Brookfield nor our company has any intention to do so. Accordingly, a unitholder may need to satisfy any United States federal income tax or Canadian federal income tax liability resulting from the receipt of our units with cash from such unitholder’s own funds or by selling all or a portion of the units received.

Transaction Agreements

Our company and Brookfield Asset Management have entered into an amended and restated master purchase agreement, which evidences the intent of Brookfield Asset Management to cause the Property Partnership to acquire, through the Holding Entities, substantially all of Brookfield Asset Management’s commercial property operations and our company’s intention to acquire an interest in the Property Partnership through our company’s ownership of the class A non-voting limited partnership interests in the Property Partnership. Our assets and operations will be acquired from Brookfield pursuant to separate securities purchase agreements and other agreements. These transfer agreements will each contain representations and warranties and related indemnities to us from Brookfield, including representations and warranties concerning: (i) organization and good standing; (ii) the authorization, execution, delivery and enforceability of the agreement and all agreements executed in connection therewith; and (iii) title to the securities being transferred to us. The transfer agreements will not contain representations and warranties or indemnities relating to the underlying assets and operations.

A copy of the amended and restated master purchase agreement is available electronically on the website of the SEC at www.sec.gov and our SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com and will be made available to our unitholders as described under Item 10.C. “Additional Information Material Contracts” and Item 10.H. “Documents on Display”.

In consideration for causing the Property Partnership to acquire substantially all of Brookfield Asset Management’s commercial property operations, Brookfield will receive (i) units of our company and Redemption-Exchange Units of the Property Partnership representing, in aggregate, an effective economic interest in our business of approximately 92.5% and (ii) $1.25 billion of redeemable preferred shares of one of our Holdings Entities. For a discussion of the terms of the preferred shares see Item 7.B. “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Relationship with Brookfield — Preferred Shares of Certain Holding Entities”.

The Service Recipients have entered into a Master Services Agreement pursuant to which the Managers have agreed to provide or arrange for other service providers to provide management and administration services to our company and the other Service Recipients. Pursuant to our Master Services Agreement, we pay a base management fee to the Managers equal to $12.5 million per quarter (subject to an annual escalation by a specified inflation factor beginning on January 1, 2014). For any quarter in which the BPY General Partner determines that there is insufficient available cash to pay the base management fee as well as the next regular distribution on our units, the Service Recipients may elect to pay all or a portion of the base management fee in our units or in limited partnership units of the Property Partnership, subject to certain conditions. See Item 7.B. “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Our Master Services Agreement”. Additionally, the Property Partnership will pay a quarterly equity enhancement distribution to the Property GP LP of 0.3125% of the amount by which the company’s total capitalization value

 

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at the end of each quarter exceeds its total capitalization value determined immediately following the spin-off, subject to certain adjustments. The Property GP LP will also receive incentive distributions based on an amount by which quarterly distributions on the limited partnership units of the Property Partnership exceed specified target levels as set forth in the Property Partnership’s limited partnership agreement. We believe these arrangements will create an incentive for Brookfield to manage our company in a way that helps us achieve our goal of creating value for our unitholders both through distributions and capital appreciation. For a further explanation of the equity enhancement and incentive distributions, together with examples of how such amounts are calculated, see Item 10.B. “Additional Information — Memorandum and Articles of Association — Description of the Property Partnership Limited Partnership Agreement — Distributions”.

Our company and Brookfield have determined that it is advisable for our company to have control over the Property General Partner, Property GP LP and the Property Partnership. Accordingly, the Voting Agreement provides our company, through the BPY General Partner, with a number of rights, including that any voting rights with respect to the Property General Partner, Property GP LP and the Property Partnership will be voted in favour of the election of directors approved by our company. Our company and Brookfield have also determined that it is advisable for our company to have control over certain of the entities through which we hold our operating entities. Accordingly, our company has entered into voting agreements on substantially the same terms as the Voting Agreement, to provide us, through the BPY General Partner, with voting rights over the entities through which we hold certain of our operating entities, including GGP, Rouse and certain of our private equity funds. See Item 7.B. “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Voting Agreements”.

4.B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Overview of our Business

Our company is a leading global owner, operator and investor in high quality commercial property. We recently acquired from Brookfield Asset Management substantially all of its commercial property operations, including its office, retail, multi-family and industrial assets.

Our portfolio as of September 30, 2012 included interests in 128 office properties totaling 83 million square feet and 175 retail properties containing approximately 157 million square feet. We also held interests in a 18 million square foot office development pipeline and a $1.8 billion retail redevelopment pipeline as further discussed below. In addition, as of September 30, 2012 we had an expanding multi-family and industrial platform which consisted of interests in approximately 12,200 multi-family units and 7 million square feet of industrial space, and an opportunistic investment platform which consisted of investments in distressed and under-performing real estate assets and businesses and commercial real estate mortgages and mezzanine loans.

The charts below present the equity in net assets attributable to parent company of our portfolio by asset class and by geographic location as at September 30, 2012:

 

LOGO   LOGO

Information regarding the revenues attributable to each of our operating platforms and the geographic locations in which we operate is presented in Note 24 and Note 29, respectively, to the September 30, 2012 unaudited and

 

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the December 31, 2011 audited carve-out financial statements of the commercial property operations of Brookfield Asset Management included elsewhere in this Form 20-F.

Our Business Strategy

We invest in well-located real estate assets that generate, or have the potential to generate, long-term, predictable and sustainable cash flows with attractive growth and development potential in some of the world’s most resilient and dynamic markets. We seek to enhance these cash flows through active asset management and our operations-oriented approach. Our properties are located in North America, Europe, Australia and Brazil and we may pursue growth in other markets where we identify attractive opportunities to build operating platforms or acquire assets and to achieve strong risk-adjusted returns.

Our Business Strategy

We invest in well-located real estate assets that generate, or have the potential to generate, long-term, predictable and sustainable cash flows with attractive growth and development potential in some of the world’s most resilient and dynamic markets. We seek to enhance these cash flows through active asset management and our operations-oriented approach. Our properties are located in North America, Europe, Australia and Brazil and we may pursue growth in other markets where we identify attractive opportunities to build operating platforms or acquire assets and to achieve strong risk-adjusted returns.

We strive to invest at attractive valuations, particularly in distress situations that create opportunities for superior valuation gains and cash flow returns, and to monetize assets at appropriate times to realize value. At all points along the risk-return spectrum, we draw on the resources and local market intelligence of our operating entities. We believe our strategy will enable us to generate a high level of stable and sustainable cash flows in our core properties while allowing us to pursue opportunistic returns by taking advantage of dislocations and inefficiencies in the various real estate markets in which we operate. In executing these strategies, we will leverage our established property platform, our strategic relationship with Brookfield and our large capitalization to grow our business over time.

To execute our strategy, we seek to:

 

   

have “best-in-class” operating platforms with high quality real estate assets that are financed with conservative, long-term asset financing, with limited recourse to our company;

 

   

maintain a high level of financial liquidity and operational flexibility to be able to capitalize on opportunities to enhance value through acquisitions, development activity and operational improvements;

 

   

invest where we possess competitive advantages;

 

   

acquire assets on a value basis with a goal of maximizing return on capital;

 

   

build sustainable cash flows to reduce risk and lower the cost of capital; and

 

   

recognize that superior returns often require contrarian thinking.

Given the size and scope of our real estate business, we believe that we have significant flexibility in sourcing and allocating capital on a global basis and a strong global franchise to generate growth. We are not a passive investor. We plan to grow by acquiring positions of control or significant influence over the assets in which we invest using a variety of strategies to target assets directly or through portfolios and corporate entities. We seek to create value and reduce the risk profile of portfolio assets through our in-house property management, leasing, brokerage, development and construction capabilities where appropriate.

We expect to be primarily focused on commercial property and have therefore not acquired Brookfield’s residential land development, home building, construction, real estate advisory services and other similar operations and service businesses. However, we may pursue acquisitions in those sectors, either as part of commercial property acquisitions or on a stand-alone basis, if it would allow us to generate attractive returns.

 

 

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An integral part of our strategy is to pursue acquisitions through consortium arrangements with institutional investors, strategic partners or financial sponsors and to form partnerships to pursue acquisitions on a specialized or global basis. Brookfield has a strong track record of leading such consortiums and partnerships and actively managing underlying assets to improve performance. Brookfield has established and manages a number of private investment entities, managed accounts, joint ventures, consortiums, partnerships and investment funds whose investment objectives include the acquisition of commercial property and Brookfield may in the future establish similar funds. We will be the lead investor in Brookfield’s flagship opportunistic private real estate fund.

Competitive Strengths

We believe that a number of competitive strengths differentiate us from other commercial real estate companies.

 

   

Global Scale. We are one of the world’s largest publicly-traded commercial property owners. Coupled with Brookfield’s global presence, operating experience, execution capabilities and relationships, our scale and presence should permit us to source and execute large-scale transactions across a wide spectrum of real estate sectors and geographies.

 

   

Sector and Geographic Diversification. We intend to leverage the size and scope of our operating platforms to provide increased revenue diversity and scale, financial strength and capital deployment. Because we have interests in office, retail, multi-family and industrial assets in North America, Europe, Australia and Brazil, as well as local teams on the ground in such markets, we expect our opportunities to be greater and our revenue streams to be more stable than if we were focused on a single type of real property or one geographic region. Our diversification positions us well to pursue growth through development, opportunistic and turn-around strategies and select investments in emerging and high-growth markets.

 

   

Superior Operating Capabilities. Brookfield’s operating experience and expertise should provide a strong pipeline of deal flow, sourcing capabilities and industry visibility, market-specific underwriting expertise, and the ability to add value at the property and operations level. As we pursue opportunities in the various markets in which we operate, we will benefit from Brookfield’s experience in owning, operating and investing in high quality commercial properties, sourcing and structuring deals with financial and regulatory complexity, executing opportunistic strategies and turnarounds, and employing an operations-oriented approach to adding value by leveraging the strength of our operating entities.

 

   

Stable and Growing Cash Flow. We believe we will have sustainable and growing cash flow which will be underpinned by our high quality assets, quality credit tenant base and long term lease expiry profile. Our company intends to make quarterly cash distributions in an initial amount currently anticipated to be approximately $1.00 per unit on an annualized basis, which initially represents an estimated dividend yield of approximately 4% of our expected initial value per unit of $25.00 upon spin-off estimated as of December 31, 2012. We will target an initial pay-out ratio of approximately 80% of FFO and are initially pursuing a distribution growth rate target in the range of 3% to 5% annually.

We have established the initial distribution level and the targeted distribution growth rate based on our projections for the amount of FFO that will be generated by us in the short to medium term. The projections were generated through analyzing the total underlying operating cashflows of all the investments held by us considering in-place revenue streams and capital investment plans. Our entitlement to the underlying operating cashflows in the operating entities were then weighed against reinvestment opportunities within those entities to determine the appropriate balance between distributions and reinvestment and the most appropriate allocation of capital and financing to maximize risk adjusted returns.

 

 

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We are not a passive investor and we typically hold positions of control or significant influence over assets in which we invest, enabling us to influence distributions from those assets. In recent years, Brookfield has agreed to dividend policies that minimize distributions from these investments in favor of reinvestment in the underlying businesses, and has additionally participated in programs that reinvest distributions actually received by Brookfield into these investments, such as dividend reinvestment plans. Additionally, Brookfield historically has not made distributions to its shareholders in amounts equivalent to 80% of its FFO in light of the various businesses in which it operates. Since our company will be Brookfield’s flagship public commercial property entity, the distributions we have projected to pay are more in line with other companies that focus on commercial property operations. In cases where potential underlying operating cashflow distributions are deferred by us in our operating platforms in favor of reinvestment, we may be required to finance, in the short term, payment of our distributions to our unitholders. To maintain distributions at a level reflective of the total underlying operating cashflow, there are a number of alternatives available to us that are described in further detail herein, including (a) using borrowings under the $500 million credit facility we will enter into with Brookfield prior to the completion of the spin-off and any other credit facility that we may enter into in the future, (b) the Property GP LP electing to accrue and/or waive distributions to be made in respect of the Redemption-Exchange Units that are to be held by Brookfield in accordance with the Property Partnership’s limited partnership agreement, (c) the payment of all or a portion of the fees owed to the Managers pursuant to the Master Services Agreement through the issuance of our units and/or limited partnership units of the Property Partnership, (d) the payment of any equity enhancement distributions to the Property GP LP through the issuance of Redemption-Exchange Units, and (e) utilizing capital returned from our diversified asset base where reinvestment opportunities are determined to be less attractive.

However, despite our projections and the alternative methods available to us to maintain our distribution level, there can be no assurance that we will be able to make distributions of approximately $1.00 per unit on an annualized basis or meet our target growth rate. Based on amounts received in distributions from our operating entities and our projected operating cash flow from our direct investments, our proposed distributions would be significantly greater than such amounts. Although we may use distributions from our operating entities, the proceeds of sales of certain of our direct investments and/or borrowings to fund any shortfall in distributions, we may not be able to do so on a consistent and sustainable basis. Our ability to make distributions will depend on several factors, some of which are out of our control, including, among other things, general economic conditions, our results of operations and financial condition, the amount of cash that is generated by our operations and investments, restrictions imposed by the terms of any indebtedness that is incurred to finance our operations and investments or to fund liquidity needs, levels of operating and other expenses, and contingent liabilities.

 

   

Brookfield’s Flagship Commercial Property Entity. We will be the primary entity through which Brookfield Asset Management owns and operates its commercial property businesses on a global basis. As such, Brookfield Asset Management has agreed to offer us the opportunity to take-up Brookfield’s share in any investment in commercial property that is suitable for us. We have access to Brookfield’s private investments through our right to take up Brookfield’s share in them, including investments in opportunistic, real estate finance and property operations in select emerging markets. Our goal is to have a majority controlling interest or a significant influence in each of these investments.

 

   

Capitalization and Growth. Our significant market capitalization and planned listings on the NYSE and the TSX will provide us with an attractive currency to source and execute large-scale transactions, typically as the lead investor, across a wide spectrum of real estate sectors and geographies. We will also seek opportunities to grow our portfolio by re-allocating capital from stabilized investments to more accretive opportunities where appropriate risk-adjusted returns can be earned.

 

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Development of our Business

Brookfield and its predecessor companies have been active in various facets of the real estate business since the 1920s. Canadian Arena Corporation, the predecessor company to Brookfield Office Properties, built the Montreal Forum in 1924 to provide facilities for hockey and other sporting and cultural events and its earnings were derived principally from the ownership of the Montreal Forum and the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League until the sale of the hockey franchise in 1978.

In 1976, Brookfield expanded its real estate interests by acquiring a controlling interest in one of Canada’s largest public real estate companies. The steady escalation in commercial property values over the next ten years provided the capital base to expand. Brookfield took advantage of falling real estate values during the recession of the early 1990s to upgrade and expand its directly owned commercial property portfolio. In 2003, Brookfield made its first investments outside of North America by making property investments in the United Kingdom. Brookfield further expanded outside of North America in 2007 by making property investments in Australia.

The accumulation of our current portfolio of assets was completed through various corporate and property purchases, including the following acquisitions:

 

   

BCE Developments – 7 million square feet: In 1990, Brookfield acquired a 50% interest in a portfolio of office properties in Toronto, Denver and Minneapolis from BCE Developments. In 1994, this interest was increased to 100%. Brookfield Place, Brookfield’s flagship office complex in Toronto, was acquired in this transaction.

 

   

Olympia & York U.S.A. – 14.7 million square feet: In 1996, Brookfield acquired a 46% interest in World Financial Properties LP, the corporation formed from the bankruptcy of Olympia & York, which included three of the four towers of the World Financial Center, One Liberty Plaza and 245 Park Avenue in Manhattan. Brookfield subsequently increased its interest to 99.4%.

 

   

Trizec Western Canada – 3.5 million square feet: In 2000, Brookfield acquired a portfolio of Calgary properties, including the Bankers Hall complex.

 

   

United Kingdom – 8.8 million square feet: In 2003, Brookfield acquired a 9% interest in Canary Wharf, marking its entry into the United Kingdom real estate market. Canary Wharf owned and operated 8.8 million square feet of office and retail properties at that time and had 1 million square feet of office space under construction. Brookfield’s interest in Canary Wharf was increased to approximately 22% in 2010. In 2005, Brookfield also purchased an 80% interest in a 555,000 square foot office property at 20 Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London. Brookfield now owns 100% of this property. In addition, in 2010, Brookfield acquired a 50% stake in 100 Bishopsgate, a development site in the City of London and increased its stake to 87.5% in 2012.

 

   

O&Y Properties/O&Y REIT – 11.6 million square feet: In 2005, Brookfield acquired 100% of O&Y with other partners and continues to own a direct 25% interest in a portfolio of high-quality office properties owned by O&Y Properties and O&Y REIT in Toronto, Ottawa, Calgary and Edmonton with a consortium of investors.

 

   

Trizec Properties/Trizec Canada – 26 million square feet: In 2006, Brookfield acquired Trizec’s portfolio of 58 office properties in New York, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles and Houston in a joint venture with a partner.

 

   

Brazil – 2.5 million square feet: In 2007, Brookfield’s retail property fund in Brazil entered into an agreement to acquire five high-quality shopping centers in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. This acquisition expanded Brookfield’s portfolio to approximately 2.5 million square feet of retail centers in south-central Brazil.

 

 

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Australia Portfolio – 6.2 million square feet: In 2007, Brookfield acquired Multiplex Limited and Multiplex Property Trust, or Multiplex, an Australian commercial property owner and developer. Multiplex’s assets included approximately $3.6 billion of core office and retail properties within nine funds and a $3 billion high-quality office portfolio.

 

   

General Growth Properties, Inc. – 160 million square feet: In 2010, Brookfield led the recapitalization of GGP, the second largest mall owner in the United States with 166 malls as at December 31, 2011. In 2011, Brookfield acquired an additional 113.3 million common shares of GGP, giving Brookfield and its consortium partners an approximate 38% equity interest in GGP (Brookfield’s interest is approximately 21%). In January 2012, GGP spun-off Rouse Properties, Inc., or Rouse, which at the time of the spin-off held a portfolio of 30 malls.

 

   

Hammerson Portfolio – In 2012, Brookfield Office Properties announced the acquisition of the Hammerson portfolio in the City of London for approximately $871 million. The portfolio includes four operating assets totaling 884,000 square feet and two development sites which can accommodate approximately 1.4 million square feet of density. 99 Bishopsgate, the London Wall Place development site and a group of smaller assets closed on September 28, 2012; 125 Old Broad Street and Leadenhall Court are expected to close in June 2013.

Since 1989, Brookfield has invested approximately $17.3 billion of equity in commercial property, generating an estimated compound annual return, or IRR, of approximately 15.4% through December 31, 2011. The return represents the composite levered investment return from all of the opportunistic and core entities and investments that will be acquired by our company from Brookfield in connection with the spin-off, from inception through December 31, 2011. The IRR reflects the gross internal rate of return before any management fees but after all property level service fees such as lease fees, development and construction fees and property management fees. The IRR was determined using the value of Brookfield’s investments in commercial property as at December 31, 2011 (which includes valuations of unrealized investments that are based on assumptions management believes are reasonable as discussed below) compared to the aggregate equity investments made in such commercial property, and includes all net proceeds generated by these investments.

IRR does not have a standard meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. IRR is used by Brookfield as a key indicator of investment performance because it provides a measure of performance that accounts for the value of unrealized investments in addition to realized investments.

In calculating the IRR, valuations of unrealized investments include assumptions that management believes are fair and reasonable reflecting the fair value exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between non-arm’s length market participants at the measurement date. The December 31, 2011 valuations of unrealized investments reflect the reported fair values under the respective accounting regime, which are within the scope of the 2011 year-end financial statement audit conducted by external auditors. To determine the year-end valuations, management assumptions include, but are not limited to:

 

   

projected occupancy rates based on current occupancy, lease renewals and lease-up plans;

 

   

projected rental rates based on current rent rolls and anticipated growth based on market activity and lease-up plans;

 

   

projected operating expenses based on current expenses, inflation and lease-up plans;

 

   

capital expenditures based on age of properties and required upgrades;

 

   

appropriate discount rates; and

 

   

terminal capitalization rates.

The historical performance of Brookfield should not be taken as an indication of performance by our company or Brookfield in the future or of any returns expected on an investment in our units.

 

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Operating Platforms

Our business is organized in four operating platforms, with assets as of September 30, 2012 as set forth in the diagram below. The capital invested in these operating platforms is through a combination of: direct investment; investments in asset level partnerships or joint venture arrangements; sponsorship and participation in private equity funds; and the ownership of shares in other public companies. Combining both publicly-listed and private institutional capital provides a competitive advantage in flexibility and access to capital to fund growth.

 

LOGO

As at the dates set out below, we held our commercial property operations through our interests in the entities and groups of assets set out below.

 

Operations    % Ownership at
September 30, 2012
 

% Ownership at

December 31, 2011

 

% Ownership at

December 31, 2010

 

% Ownership at

December 31, 2009

Office

        

Brookfield Office Properties Inc.(1)

   50%   50%   50%   50%

Interest in Australia(2)

   100%   100%   100%   100%

Europe

   100%   100%   100%   100%

Canary Wharf Group plc

   22%   22%   22%   15%

Retail

        

General Growth Properties, Inc.(3)

   21%   21%   8%   -

Rouse Properties, Inc.(4)

   36%   -   -   -

Brazil Retail Fund

   35%   35%   25%   25%

Interest in Australia

   100%   100%   100%   100%

Europe

   -   -   100%   100%

Multi-Family & Industrial(5)

        

Multi-Family (through various funds)

   10%-52%   10%-52%   29%-52%   29%-52%

Industrial (through various funds)

   29%-41%   29%   -   -

Opportunistic Investments(5)

        

Opportunity Funds

   29%-82%   29%-82%   29%-82%
  29%-82%

Finance Funds

   12%-33%   25%-33%   28%-33%   28%-33%

 

(1) Our interest in Brookfield Office Properties is comprised of 49.6% of the outstanding common shares and 97.1% of the outstanding voting preferred shares. Brookfield Office Properties owns an approximate 83.3% aggregate equity interest in Brookfield Canada Office Properties, a Canadian real estate investment trust that is listed on the TSX and the NYSE, and an approximate 84.3% interest in the U.S. Office Fund, which consists of a consortium of institutional investors and which is led and managed by Brookfield Office Properties.
(2) Our Australian office platform consists of our economic interest in certain of our Australian office properties not held through Brookfield Office Properties.
(3)

Our interest in GGP is comprised of an economic interest in approximately 21% (38% with our consortium partners) of the outstanding shares of common stock. We, and our consortium partners, also own warrants to acquire additional shares of common stock, which warrants were “in-the-money” as at February 15, 2013. As at February 15, 2013, only we and our consortium partners owned warrants to acquire GGP common stock. Assuming the exercise of these warrants, we and our consortium partners would hold an aggregate of approximately 441 million shares of GGP, representing approximately 43% of the outstanding shares of common stock of GGP. Of the 441 million shares that would be held by our company and our consortium partners, 236 million common shares of GGP

 

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  would be owned by our company, representing approximately 23% of the outstanding shares of common stock of GGP (and 24% assuming that only our company, and none of our consortium partners, exercised the warrants).
(4) Rouse is a newly formed NYSE-listed company that GGP spun-out to its shareholders on January 12, 2012. As at September 30, 2012, we had interests of approximately 36% (54% with our consortium partners) of the outstanding shares of common stock.
(5) Our economic interest set forth in the table above is reflected as a range because we hold certain of our multi-family and industrial and opportunistic investment assets through a combination of different funds in which we hold varying economic interests.

Office Platform

Our strategy for our office platform includes:

 

   

Growing our high quality portfolio. We are continuing to grow our high quality office portfolio in gateway cities. We seek to build a diversified global presence by targeting markets primarily underpinned by major financial, energy and professional services businesses in key urban centers in North America, Australia, and Europe. Our goal is to maintain a meaningful presence in each of our primary markets in order to maximize the value of our tenant relationships.

 

   

Optimizing rental revenues. In order to ensure the long-term sustainability of rental revenues through economic cycles, we seek to continue to attract tenants with strong credit quality, maintain high occupancy levels through proactive leasing initiatives across our portfolio and initiate mark-to-market opportunities on leases.

 

   

Adding value through development. We seek to add value across our portfolio by enhancing existing portfolio properties through major capital projects on a selective basis and by creating “best-in-class” new office stock in premium locations through development initiatives.

 

   

Utilizing a prudent capital structure. We seek to generate strong risk-adjusted returns by utilizing conservative financing structures while pursuing liquidity initiatives across our portfolio.

As at September 30, 2012, our office portfolio consisted of interests in 128 properties containing approximately 83 million square feet of commercial office space. The majority of these properties are located in the central business districts of New York, Washington, D.C., Houston, Los Angeles, Toronto, Calgary, Ottawa, Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and London, making us a global leader in the ownership and management of high-quality office assets. Landmark properties include the World Financial Center in New York, Brookfield Place in Toronto, Bank of America Plaza in Los Angeles, Bankers Hall in Calgary, Darling Park in Sydney and Brookfield Place (formerly City Square) in Perth. Of the total 128 properties in our office portfolio, 114 properties containing approximately 72 million square feet are consolidated under IFRS and 14 properties containing approximately 11 million square feet are equity accounted under IFRS.

The following is a brief overview of the office property assets in our portfolio and the office property markets in which we operate as at September 30, 2012:

 

 

     Number of
Properties(1)
 

Total Area

(000’s Sq. Ft.)

 

Average

Market
Occupancy

Rate (%)

 

Our Average
Occupancy

Rate (%)

 

Market Net

Rent ($/Sq. Ft.)

 

Average In-

Place Net rent

($/Sq. Ft.)

United States     65   50,428   88.2%   89.4%   $31.32   $25.51
Canada     28   20,716   95.2%   97.1%     32.26     26.80
Australia     32   11,205   91.9%   97.7%     53.76     52.23
Europe(2)       3        940   91.1%   86.3%     68.60     68.53
Total/Avg.   128   83,289   90.5%   92.3%     35.15     30.29

 

(1) Does not include office assets held within our opportunistic investment platform.
(2) Does not include office assets held through our approximate 22% interest in Canary Wharf.

 

 

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The table below presents the following information on the assets in our office platform by geographic location as at September 30, 2012: (i) the number of properties, the percentage of the space under lease and the size of the office, retail, leasable, parking and total space in our office portfolio, which provides information as if we own 100% of the office assets in which we have an interest; (ii) our proportionate interest in those office assets before considering minority interests; (iii) our proportionate interest in those office assets net of minority interests; and (iv) our pro-forma proportionate interest net of minority interests reflecting clause (iii) above and the Redemption-Exchange Units held by Brookfield. We believe information presented as if we own 100% of each of the properties provides an appropriate basis on which to evaluate the performance of properties in the portfolio relative to each other and to other properties in the market. In addition, we have separated the properties in which we have an interest into two additional categories: (i) properties that are consolidated under IFRS; and (ii) properties that are equity accounted under IFRS. Our proportionate interests in the investments demonstrate our ability to manage the underlying economics of the relevant investments, including the financial performance and cash flows. Proportionate interest in the assets net of minority interests represents our economic interest in the underlying property and is relevant because it represents the net assets and operations of the underlying property that we manage that are directly attributable to us.

 

Office Property
Portfolio(1)

               

 

  Assets Under Management   Proportionate(2)    

 

  Proportionate
net of Minority
Interests(3)
    Pro-forma
proportionate net of
Non-controlling
Interests(4)
 
(Sq.ft. in 000’s)   Number of
properties
    Leased
%
         Office     Retail     Leasable      Parking     Total          Owned
%
    Leasable     Total          Leasable     Total     Leasable     Total  

CONSOLIDATED PROPERTIES

                                   

U.S. Properties

                                   

New York

    7        94.0       13,405        363        13,768        282        14,050          97     13,296        13,577          6,647        6,787        1,082        1,105   

Boston

    1        66.2       771        25        796        235        1,031          99     791        1,025          395        512        64        83   

Washington, D.C.

    30        90.7       5,866        493        6,359        1,092        7,451          85     5,440        6,303          2,720        3,152        443        513   

Los Angeles

    4        87.3       3,750        399        4,149        1,069        5,218          84     3,497        4,398          1,748        2,199        284        357   

Houston

    8        88.5       6,887        228        7,115        1,255        8,370          79     5,747        6,589          2,874        3,295        468        537   

Denver

    2        67.2       2,597        48        2,645        503        3,148          80     2,000        2,503          1,000        1,252        163        204   

Seattle

    2        83.8       696        3        699        157        856          100     699        856          350        429        57        70   

Minneapolis

    4        93.5         1,718        812        2,530        521        3,051            100     2,530        3,051            1,265        1,526        206        248   
      58        89.0         35,690        2,371        38,061        5,114        43,175            89     34,000        38,302            16,999        19,152        2,767        3,117   

Canadian Properties

                                   

Toronto

    12        95.0       7,995        764        8,759        1,790        10,549          54     4,736        5,719          2,374        2,867        387        468   

Calgary

    8        99.6       5,340        299        5,639        897        6,536          42     2,368        2,746          1,184        1,372        192        223   

Ottawa

    6        99.7       1,708        37        1,745        1,030        2,775          21     366        583          183        291        30        48   

Vancouver

    1        97.3       493        96        589        264        853          83     489        708          245        355        40        58   

Other

    1        100.0                3        3               3            83     3        3            1        1                 
      28        97.1         15,536        1,199        16,735        3,981        20,716            47     7,962        9,759            3,987        4,886        649        797   

Australian Properties

                                   

Sydney

    10        99.3       2,020        285        2,305        277        2,582          82     1,909        2,125          1,455        1,616        237        263   

Melbourne

    2        100.0       1,335        33        1,368        133        1,501          93     1,275        1,401          637        700        103        113   

Brisbane

    2        85.8       521        3        524        23        547          79     414        433          414        433        67        70   

Perth

    3        99.2       1,439        96        1,535        61        1,596          94     1,439        1,493          797        827        129        134   

Canberra

    1        100.0       176               176        28        204          100     176        204          176        204        29        34   

New Zealand

    7        94.8         791        40        831        136        967            100     831        967            371        431        60        70   
      25        97.8         6,282        457        6,739        658        7,397            89     6,044        6,623            3,850        4,211        625        684   

European Properties

                                   

London

    3        86.3         882        23        905        35        940            100     905        940            730        758        119        124   
      3        86.3         882        23        905        35        940            100     905        940            730        758        119        124   

Total Consolidated Properties

    114        92.1         58,390        4,050        62,440        9,788        72,228            77     48,911        55,624            25,566        29,007        4,160        4,722   

EQUITY ACCOUNTED PROPERTIES

                                   

U.S. Properties

                                   

New York

    3        89.7       4,940        196        5,136               5,136          56     2,898        2,898          1,449        1,449        236        236   

Washington, D.C.

    1        92.8       294        53        347               347          42     146        146          73        73        12        12   

Los Angeles

    2        88.7       356        25        381        87        468          42     161        197          80        98        13        16   

Houston

    1        99.8         985        63        1,048        254        1,302            42     442        549            221        275        36        45   
      7        91.3         6,575        337        6,912        341        7,253            52     3,647        3,790            1,823        1,895        297        309   

Australian Properties

                                   

Sydney

    6        98.1       2,635        147        2,782        216        2,998          35     971        1,042          485        521        79        85   

Melbourne

    1        94.8         670        34        704        106        810            43     303        348            151        174        24        28   
      7        97.4         3,305        181        3,486        322        3,808            37     1,274        1,390            636        695        103        113   

Total Equity Accounted Properties

    14        93.3         9,880        518        10,398        663        11,061            47     4,921        5,180            2,459        2,590        400        422   

Total Office Properties

    128        92.3         68,270        4,568        72,838        10,451        83,289            73     53,832        60,804            28,025        31,597        4,560        5,144   

 

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(1) Does not include office assets held within our opportunistic investment platform or our approximate 22% interest in Canary Wharf.
(2) Reflects our company’s interest before considering minority interests, such as minority interests in Brookfield Office Properties, Brookfield Canada Office Properties, the U.S. Office Fund, Brookfield Prime Property Fund, Brookfield Heritage Partners LLC, 1801 California Street, Multiplex New Zealand Property Fund, and Brookfield Financial Partners L.P.
(3) Reflects our company’s interest net of minority interests described in note (2) above.
(4) Reflects our company’s pro-forma proportionate interest net of minority interests described in note (3) above and the Redemption-Exchange Units held by Brookfield.

An important characteristic of our office portfolio is the strong credit quality of our tenants. We direct special attention to tenant credit quality in order to ensure the long-term sustainability of rental revenues through economic cycles. The following list shows major tenants with over one million square feet of space in our office portfolio by leased area and their respective credit ratings and lease commitments as at September 30, 2012:

 

Tenant    Primary Location    Credit
Rating(1)
   Year of
Expiry(2)
   Total
(000’s
Sq. Ft.)
        Sq. Ft.
(%)
 

Various Government Agencies

   All markets    AA+/AAA    Various    6,110          8.4%   

Bank of America/Merrill Lynch (3)

   Toronto/New York/Denver/Los Angeles    A/A-    Various    4,948          6.8%   

CIBC World Markets (4)

   Toronto/New York/Calgary    A+    2033    1,436          2.0%   

Suncor Energy

   Calgary    BBB+    2028    1,354          1.9%   

KBR

   Houston    Not Rated    2030    1,268          1.7%   

Royal Bank of Canada

   Vancouver/Toronto/Calgary/New York/Los Angeles/Minneapolis    AA-    2024    1,256          1.7%   

Morgan Stanley

   New York/Los Angeles/Denver    A    2030    1,188          1.6%   

Bank of Montreal

   Calgary/Toronto    A+    2024    1,143          1.6%   

Total

                  18,703          25.7%   

 

(1) From Standard & Poor’s Rating Services, Moody’s Investment Services, Inc. or DBRS Limited. Reflects credit rating of tenant and does not reflect credit rating of any subtenants.
(2) Reflects the year of maturity related to lease(s) and is calculated for multiple leases on a weighted average basis based on square feet where practicable.
(3) Bank of America/Merrill Lynch leases 4.6 million square feet in the World Financial Center, of which they occupy 2.7 million square feet with the balance being subleased to various subtenants ranging in size up to 500,000 square feet. Of this 2.7 million square feet, 1.9 million is in 4 World Financial Center, and 0.8 million square feet is in 2 World Financial Center.
(4) CIBC World Markets leases 1.1 million square feet at 300 Madison Avenue in New York, of which they sublease 925,000 square feet to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.

Our strategy is to sign long-term leases in order to mitigate risk, reduce our overall re-tenanting costs and ensure stable and sustainable cash flows. We typically commence discussions with tenants regarding their space requirements well in advance of the contractual expiration.

The following table presents the lease expiry profile of our office properties with the associated expiring average in-place net rents by region at September 30, 2012:

 

                Expiring Leases  
    Net
Rental
Area
    Currently
Available
    2012      2013     2014     2015     2016     2017     2018 &
Beyond
 
(000’s sq. ft.)       (000’s
sq.ft.)
    Net
Rent
     (000’s
sq.ft.)
     Net
Rent
    (000’s
sq.ft.)
     Net
Rent
    (000’s
sq.ft.)
    Net
Rent
    (000’s
sq.ft.)
    Net
Rent
    (000’s
sq.ft.)
    Net
Rent
    (000’s
sq.ft.)
    Net
Rent
 

United States

    44,973        4,768        361      $ 20         5,371       $ 31        3,433       $ 24        2,873      $ 22        2,218      $ 24        2,479      $ 25        23,470      $ 33   

Canada

    16,735        480        146        32         1,661         23        359         32        1,594        25        1,631        27        637        30        10,227        31   

Australia

    10,225        235        85        59         375         47        778         50        1,118        60        1,018        66        1,065        50        5,551        34   

Europe (1)

    905        124        6        33         4         34        1         32        6        16        93        92        88        62        583        67   

Total

    72,838        5,607        598      $ 29         7,411       $ 30        4,571       $ 29        5,591      $ 30        4,960      $ 35        4,269      $ 33        39,831      $ 33   

Percentage of Total

    100.0%        7.7%        0.8%                 10.2%                 6.3%                 7.7%                6.8%                5.9%                54.6%           

 

(1) Does not include office assets held through our approximate 22% interest in Canary Wharf.

 

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The following table summarizes our leasing activity from December 31, 2011 to September 30, 2012:

 

      Dec. 31, 2011          Sep. 30, 2012

(US $)

  

Leasable

Area(1)

(000’s
Sq.Ft.)

  

Leased(1)

(000’s
Sq.Ft.)

  

Total

Expiries

(000’s
Sq. Ft.)

  

Expiring

Net Rent

($ per
Sq.Ft.)

  

Leasing

(000’s
Sq. Ft.)

  

Year One

Leasing

Net Rent

($ per
Sq.Ft.)

  

Average

Leasing

Net Rent

($ per
Sq.Ft.)

  

Acq.

(Disp.)

Additions

(000’s
Sq. Ft.)

  

Leasable

Area

(000’s
Sq. Ft.)

  

Leased

(000’s
Sq. Ft.)

United States

   44,019    40,221    (4,658)    $19.23    3,867    $23.12    $26.26    775    44,973    40,205

Canada

   17,108    16,468    (861)    28.81    1,011    31.21    31.99    (363)    16,735    16,255

Australia

   9,863    9,549    (403)    45.28    498    52.87    59.25    361    10,225    9,990

Europe (2)

   556    556    (262)    59.03    262    59.03    59.40    349    905    781

Total

   71,546    66,794    (6,184)    $23.95    5,638    $28.87    $31.74    1,122    72,838    67,231

 

(1) Has been restated to reflect the impact of remeasurements which are done annually in the first quarter.
(2) Does not include office assets held through our approximate 22% interest in Canary Wharf.

As at September 30, 2012, we hold interests in centrally located office development sites with a total development pipeline of approximately 18 million square feet in the United States, Canada, Australia and Europe. We classify our office development sites into three categories: (i) active development, (ii) active planning and (iii) held for development.

The following table summarizes all office development projects in our portfolio by geographic location as at September 30, 2012:

 

                   (000’s Sq. Ft.)  

  

   Number of Sites      Owned
Interest
(%)
    Total      Proportionate(1)      Proportionate
net of
Minority
Interests(2)
     Pro-forma
Proportionate
net of
Minority
Interests(3)
 

United States

     7         95     9,657         9,197         4,597         748   

Canada

     6         83     5,427         4,501         2,251         366   

Australia

     3         100     1,003         1,003         831         135   

Europe

     3         65     2,075         1,350         676         110   

Total/Avg

     19         88     18,162         16,051         8,355         1,359   

 

(1) Reflects our company’s interest before considering minority interests, such as minority interests in Brookfield Office Properties, Brookfield Canada Office Properties, the U.S. Office Fund and Brookfield Financial Properties L.P.
(2) Reflects our company’s interest net of minority interests described in note (1) above.
(3) Reflects our company’s pro-forma interest net of minority interests described in note (1) above and the Redemption-Exchange Units held by Brookfield.

Of the 18 million square feet in our office development pipeline, 1 million square feet are in the active development stage, 8 million square feet are in the active planning stage and 9 million square feet are held for future development.

The only active development in our office segment is Bay Adelaide Centre East, a 980,000 square foot development which is the second tower to our Bay Adelaide Centre in downtown Toronto. In June 2012, Deloitte signed a 420,000 square foot lease for 43% of the development. Construction recently began and has an expected completion date of late 2015 or early 2016.

The 8 million square feet of developments in active planning consist of four projects, including the development rights to Manhattan West in New York City and 100 Bishopsgate in London, U.K. The development rights to Manhattan West, located on Ninth Avenue between 31st Street and 33rd Street in New York City, include 5.4 million square feet of primarily commercial office space entitlements. We recently commenced work to build the necessary foundations to position this site to be one of the sites for office development in Manhattan in the next development cycle. We also hold an interest in 100 Bishopsgate, a well-positioned development site in London, U.K., and have begun to prepare the site for construction.

 

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As at September 30, 2012, these five developments in the active development and planning stages have incurred a cost of $593 million to date and have a total planned development cost of $836 per square foot with a weighted average planned construction period of 85 months.

The remaining 9 million square feet of our office development pipeline are being held for development and are not in the active planning stage. With all our development sites, we will proceed with developing these sites when our risk adjusted return hurdles and preleasing targets are met.

Retail Platform

Our strategy for our retail platform includes:

 

   

Growing our high quality portfolio. We are continuing to grow our high quality retail portfolio by focusing on growth areas in dynamic and resilient markets where we have a significant presence that we believe are under-served by quality retail centers. We also redevelop our retail properties on a selective basis to enhance our portfolio when we believe a market is ready and appropriate risk-adjusted returns can be earned. We look to maintain a meaningful presence in each of our primary markets in order to maximize the value of our tenant relationships.

 

   

Positioning malls as the “only” or “best” mall in town. We seek to position our malls as the “only” or “best” mall in their market areas in order to concentrate consumer traffic and capture favorable demographic trends. We aim to do this by creating malls as irreplaceable destinations within the community.

 

   

Optimizing occupancy and enhance income. In order to optimize occupancy levels, we look for ways to increase tenant sales per square foot and lease spreads while decreasing our occupancy costs. We also seek to diversify the tenants at our malls across retail sectors in order to achieve complementary retail mixes. We continue to pursue alternative income streams through parking, merchandising and other initiatives at our malls, while assessing cost efficiencies and synergies across our retail portfolio.

 

   

Actively managing our portfolio capital structures. We intend to achieve our goal of protecting and creating growth in the value of our retail portfolio by actively managing capital structures and conservatively financing assets.

Our retail portfolio consists of high quality retail centers in target markets predominantly in the United States, Brazil and Australia. As at September 30, 2012, our retail portfolio consisted of interests in 172 well-located high quality retail properties encompassing approximately 157 million square feet of retail space. Of the total 172 properties in our retail portfolio, 12 properties containing approximately 5 million square feet are consolidated under IFRS and 160 properties containing approximately 152 million square feet are equity accounted under IFRS.

As at September 30, 2012, our retail portfolio consisted of interests in 160 regional malls totaling approximately 152 million square feet in major and middle markets throughout the United States with the concentration of our regional malls as a percentage of our total regional mall gross leasable area allocated as follows: pacific and mountain region (29%), southwest and southeast region (27%), east and west north central region (22%) and northeast and mideast region (22%). We believe approximately 25% of the regional malls in our retail portfolio are the premier regional malls in their market areas when measured against the top 100 leading malls in the United States. These high quality regional malls typically have average annual tenant sales per square foot of $630 or higher. Regional malls in our portfolio include Ala Moana in Honolulu, Fashion Show in Las Vegas, the Natick Collection in Natick (Boston), Tysons Galleria in Washington, D.C., Park Meadows in Lone Tree (Denver) and Water Tower Place in Chicago. More broadly, we own an interest in approximately 20% of the top 500 regional malls in the country. A significant number of these regional malls are either the only mall in their market area, or, as part of a cluster of malls, receive relatively high consumer traffic.

 

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Our portfolio also includes, as at September 30, 2012, 8 malls totaling approximately 3 million square feet in Brazil, 59% of which is located in São Paolo, 33% of which is located in Rio de Janeiro and 8% of which is located in Belo Horizonte. These properties are mostly concentrated in premier locations in highly dense urban areas and thereby have leading positions in their respective trade areas. These core properties include the Rio Sul Shopping Center in Rio de Janeiro and the Shopping Pátio Paulista and Shopping Pátio Higienópolis in São Paulo.

In Australia, as at September 30, 2012, our portfolio consisted of an economic interest in 4 retail centers totaling approximately 2 million square feet, 54% of which is located in Sydney and 46% of which is located in New Zealand.

The following is a brief overview of the retail property assets in our portfolio and the retail property markets in which we operate as at September 30, 2012:

 

      Number of
Properties(1)
    

Gross Leasable
Area

(000’s Sq. Ft.)

     Occupancy
Rate (%)
    Average Annual
Tenant Sales
(per sq. ft.)(1)
    

Average In-Place
Rent

($/Sq. Ft.)

 

United States (2)

     160         152,191         94.2   $         506       $         52.96   

Brazil

     8         2,800         94.9     764         48.52   

Australia (3)

     4         1,965         98.3     n/a         10.29   

Total/Avg

     172         156,956         94.4   $ 511       $ 51.55   

 

(1) Based only on properties with respect to which tenants are contractually obligated to report this information.
(2) Includes only U.S. regional malls.
(3) Includes three industrial properties totaling approximately 1.8 million square feet.

 

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The table below presents the following information on the assets in our retail platform by geographic location as at September 30, 2012: (i) the number of properties, the percentage of the space under lease and the size of the office, retail, leasable, parking and total space in our retail portfolio, which provides information as if we own 100% of the retail assets in which we have an interest; (ii) our proportionate interest in those retail assets before considering minority interests; (iii) our proportionate interest in those retail assets net of minority interests; and (iv) our pro-forma proportionate interest net of minority interests reflecting clause (iii) above and the Redemption-Exchange Units held by Brookfield. We believe information presented as if we own 100% of each of the properties provides an appropriate basis on which to evaluate the performance of properties in the portfolio relative to each other and to other properties in the market. In addition, we have separated the properties in which we have interests into two additional categories: (i) properties that are consolidated under IFRS; and (ii) properties that are equity accounted under IFRS. Our proportionate interests in the investments demonstrate our ability to manage the underlying economics of the relevant investments, including the financial performance and cash flows. Proportionate interest in the assets net of minority interests represents our economic interest in the underlying property and is relevant because it represents the net assets and operations of the underlying property that we manage that are directly attributable to us.

 

<
Retail Property
Portfolio(1)
              Assets Under Management    

Proportionate(2)

   

Proportionate
net of Minority
Interests(3)

    Pro-forma
proportionate
net of
Non-controlling
Interests(3)
 
(Sq.ft. in 000’s)   Number of
properties
    Leased%     Office     Retail     Leasable     Parking     Total     Owned%     Leasable     Total     Leasable     Total     Leasable     Total  

CONSOLIDATED PROPERTIES

                                       

Brazilian Properties

                                       

Rio de Janeiro

    2        95.6            923        923               923        74     681        681        239        239        39        39   

São Paulo

    5        93.9            1,650        1,650               1,650        50     817        817        288        288        47        47   

Belo Horizonte

    1        99.6            227        227               227        50     113        113        40        40        7        7   
      8        94.9 %             2,800        2,800               2,800        58 %      1,611        1,611        567        567        93        93   
                                       

Australian Properties

                                       

Sydney

    2        96.8            1,051        1,051        14        1,065        100     1,052        1,066        1,052        1,066        171        173   

New Zealand

    2        100.0            900        900               900        100     900        900        401        401        65        65   
      4        98.3 %             1,951        1,951        14        1,965        100     1,952        1,966        1,453        1,467        236        238   

Total Consolidated Properties

    12        96.3 %             4,751        4,751        14        4,765        75     3,563        3,577        2,020        2,034        329        331   
                                       

EQUITY ACCOUNTED PROPERTIES

                                       

U.S. Properties

                                       

Northeast Region

    15        94.8     55        15,627        15,682               15,682        87     13,684        13,684        2,933        2,933        478        478   

Mideast Region

    18        96.4     357        16,610        16,967               16,967        86     14,573        14,573        3,189        3,189        519        519   

East North Central Region

    21        93.5     731        20,408        21,139               21,139        88     18,515        18,515        4,669        4,669        760        760   

West North Central Region

    15        93.3            12,952        12,952               12,952        96     12,429        12,429        2,669        2,669        434        434   

Southeast Region

    17        95.2     375        16,330        16,705               16,705        80     13,446        13,446        2,953        2,953        480        480   

Southwest Region

    23        97.7     149        24,388        24,537               24,537        86     21,048        21,048        5,068        5,068        825        825   

Mountain Region

    24        93.0     124        19,411        19,535               19,535        94     18,311        18,311        4,356        4,356        709        709   

Pacific Region

    27        93.3     845        23,829        24,674               24,674        87     21,523        21,523        5,417        5,417        881        881   

Total Equity Accounted Properties

    160        94.7 %      2,636        149,555        152,191               152,191        88     133,529        133,529        31,254        31,254        5,086        5,086   

Total Retail Properties

    172        94.7 %      2,636        154,306        156,942        14        156,956        88 %      137,092