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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Foreign Currency Remeasurement and Transactions

Foreign Currency Remeasurement and TransactionsThe functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, each foreign subsidiary remeasures monetary assets and liabilities at period-end exchange rates, while non-monetary items are remeasured at historical rates. Revenues and expenses are remeasured at the exchange rates in effect on the day the transaction occurred, except for those expenses related to non-monetary assets and liabilities, which are remeasured at historical exchange rates.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the

date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of income and expense during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the following:

•determination of standalone selling price (SSP) for each distinct performance obligation included in customer contracts with multiple performance obligations;

•allowance for doubtful accounts;

•expected benefit period of deferred contract acquisition costs;

•capitalization of internal-use software development costs;

•fair value of acquired intangible assets and goodwill;

•useful lives of long-lived assets;

•valuation of deferred tax assets;

•valuation of employee defined benefit plan; and

•fair value of share-based awards, including performance-based awards.

Segment Information

The Company operates in a single operating segment. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the chief operating decision maker of the Company and makes operating decisions, assesses financial performance, and allocates resources based upon discrete financial information at a consolidated level.

Revenue Recognition, Cost of Revenue and Deferred Revenue

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives revenue from subscription fees and related professional services. The Company sells subscriptions for its cloud-based solutions directly to customers and indirectly through channel partners through arrangements that are non-cancelable and non-refundable. The Company’s subscription arrangements do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the solutions and, as a result, are accounted for as service arrangements. The Company records revenue net of sales or value-added taxes.

On occasion, the Company sells subscriptions to third-party resellers. The price at which subscriptions are sold to the reseller is typically discounted, as compared to the price at which the Company would sell to an end customer, in order to enable the reseller to realize a margin on the eventual sale to the end customer. As pricing to the reseller is fixed, and the

Company lacks visibility into the pricing provided by the reseller to the end customer, reseller revenue is recorded net of any reseller margin.

Subscription Revenue

Subscription revenue is primarily comprised of fees paid by the Company’s customers for accessing its cloud-based software during the term of the arrangement. Cloud-based services allow customers to use the Company’s multi-tenant software without requiring them to take possession of the software. Given that access to the cloud-based software represents a series of distinct services that comprise a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time, subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term beginning on the commencement date of each contract, which is the date that the cloud-based software is made available to customers.

Professional Services Revenue

Professional services revenue is comprised of fees charged for services ranging from product configuration, data migration, systems integration, and training. The Company recognizes professional services revenues as services are performed.

Customers with Multiple Performance Obligations

Some of the Company’s contracts with customers contain both subscriptions and professional services. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on the basis of relative SSP. The Company determines SSP by taking into consideration historical selling price of these performance obligations in similar transactions, as well as current pricing practices and other observable inputs including, but not limited to, customer size and geography. As the Company’s go-to-market strategies evolve, it may modify its pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes to SSP.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of personnel-related expenses (primarily including salaries, related benefits, and stock-based compensation) for employees associated with the Company’s cloud-based infrastructure, payment gateway fees, voice, product support, and professional service organizations, as well as costs incurred by the Company for third-party hosting capabilities. Cost of revenue also includes third-party license fees, amortization of acquired intangibles, amortization of capitalized internal-use software, and allocation of general overhead expenses such as facilities and information technology.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of customer billings in advance of revenue being recognized from the Company’s subscription and professional services arrangements. Customers are invoiced for subscription services arrangements in advance for monthly, quarterly, semi-annual and annual subscription plans. The Company’s payment terms generally provide that customers pay the invoiced portion of the total arrangement fee either in advance or within 30 days from the invoice date.

Research and Development

Research and DevelopmentResearch and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of personnel-related expenses (primarily including salaries, related benefits, and stock-based compensation) for the Company’s product development employees. Research and development expenses also include non-personnel-related expenses such as third-party services for product development and consulting expenses, depreciation expense related to equipment used in research and development activities, and allocation of the Company’s general overhead expenses.

Advertising Cost

Advertising CostsAdvertising costs are charged to sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations as incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company issues stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs) to employees, consultants, and directors, and stock purchase rights granted under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) to employees based on the estimated fair value on the date of the grant. For stock options and ESPP, the fair value is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations using the straight line attribution method. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the underlying common stock, the expected term of the option, the expected stock price volatility of the Company's common stock, risk-free interest rates, and the expected dividend yield of the Company's common stock. The assumptions used to

determine the fair value of the option awards represent the Company's best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of the Company's judgement.

The fair value of RSUs is based on the closing market price of its Class A common stock on the date of the grant. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period of the respective awards. Forfeitures are accounted for when they occur.

Prior to the IPO, the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant was determined based on independent third-party valuations as there was no public market, and there was no stock-based compensation expense recognized from the RSUs as the liquidity event-related performance condition was not probable. Upon completion of the IPO, the performance condition became probable, and the Company began to recognize stock-based compensation expense.

For the performance-based award granted to the CEO with both a service-based vesting condition and a market condition (as discussed further in Note 11), the Company determined the fair value of the award by using the Monte Carlo simulation model. Since both vesting conditions have to be met for each tranche of the award to ultimately vest, the associated stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the longer of the derived service period or the requisite service period, using the accelerated attribution method. Provided that the CEO remains employed by the Company in his current position, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period, regardless of whether the stock price goals are achieved.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets.

The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is more likely than not of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash EquivalentsCash and cash equivalents consist of deposits held at financial institutions, money market funds, as well as highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value.

Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist primarily of debt securities such as corporate bonds, commercial paper, U.S. treasury securities, and U.S. government agency securities. These securities are classified as available-for-sale securities at the time of purchase as they represent funds readily available for current operations, and the Company also has the ability and intent to liquidate them at any time to meet its operating cash needs, if necessary. All available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at their estimated fair value, with changes in fair value recognized as unrealized gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive income. For any security in an unrealized loss position, the Company evaluates it to assess whether the associated unrealized loss is considered other than temporary. Impairments are considered other-than-temporary if they are related to a deterioration in credit risk or if it is likely that the Company will sell the security before the recovery of its cost basis. Realized gains and losses and declines in value determined to be other than temporary are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in interest and other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. There was no impairment recorded for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

Marketable securities also include mutual funds comprised of certain term bonds. These mutual funds meet certain criteria for equity investments in accordance with ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities. Under this guidance, the Company measures these mutual funds at their estimated fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in interest and other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Non-Marketable Equity Securities

Non-Marketable Equity SecuritiesThe Company owns interests in non-marketable equity investments, which consist of minority equity interests in privately held companies. The Company does not have significant influence over these investments, which do not have readily determinable fair values. Under ASU 2016-01, the Company has elected the measurement alternative to carry them at cost, less any impairment charges.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful AccountsTrade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectability of accounts and is recorded as an offset to revenue and deferred revenue. The Company regularly reviews the adequacy of the allowance by considering the age of each outstanding invoice and the collection history.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of Credit RiskFinancial instruments that potentially expose the Company to significant concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities are generally held with large financial institutions and are in excess of the federally insured limits provided on such deposits. In addition, the Company has cash and cash equivalents held in international bank accounts, which are denominated primarily in Euros, British Pounds, Indian Rupees, and Australian Dollars.

Deferred Contract Acquisition Costs

Deferred contract acquisition costs are incremental costs that are associated with acquiring customer contracts and consist primarily of sales commissions and the associated payroll taxes and certain referral fees paid to independent third-parties. The costs incurred upon the execution of initial and expansion contracts are primarily deferred and amortized over an expected benefit period of three years. The expected benefit period is determined by taking into consideration the Company’s contracts with customers, technology life cycle and other factors. The Company considers the expected benefit period to exceed the initial contract term for certain costs because of anticipated renewals and because sales commission rates for renewal contracts are not commensurate with sales commissions for initial contracts. The Company includes amortization of deferred commissions in sales and marketing expense in its consolidated statements of operations. There was no impairment loss in relation to the incremental selling costs capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.

The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) No. 340-40—Other Assets and Deferred Costs to account for costs incurred in obtaining a contract with the expected benefit period of one year or less as commission expenses, which are included in sales and marketing expense in its consolidated statements of operations.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net, including capitalized internally-developed software, is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows:


			Estimated Useful Life
Computers			3 years
Capitalized internal-use software			3 years
Office equipment, furniture and fixtures			5 years
Motor vehicles			5 years
Leasehold improvements			Lesser of lease term or 5 years

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.

Capitalized Internal-Use Software

The Company capitalizes costs incurred in its software development projects as part of property and equipment during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Once the development project is available for general release, capitalization ceases, and the Company estimates the useful life of the asset and begins amortization. Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three years.

The Company also capitalizes certain costs related to its enterprise cloud computing services and certain projects for internal use incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life.

The Company evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets.

Business Combinations

The Company applies a screen test to determine whether a transaction is more akin to an asset acquisition or a business combination. If this screen test indicates that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. In a business combination, the purchase consideration is allocated to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated respective fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable, and consequently, actual results may differ from estimates.

Long-Lived Assets (Including Goodwill and Intangible Assets)

Long-lived assets with finite lives include property and equipment, capitalized internal-use software, and acquired intangible assets. The Company evaluates long-lived assets, including acquired intangible assets and capitalized internal-use software, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset or asset group exceeds these estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group.

Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized but rather is tested for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. Goodwill impairment is recognized when the quantitative assessment results in the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeding its fair value, in which case an impairment charge in the amount of such excess is recorded to goodwill, limited to the amount of goodwill.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is comprised of two components—net loss and other comprehensive (loss) income. Other comprehensive (loss) income includes unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale debt securities recognized during the period.

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders are presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. Under the two-class method, net income is attributed to common stockholders and participating securities based on their participation rights. Prior to the IPO, the Company considered all series of its redeemable convertible preferred stock to be participating securities. Net loss attributable to common stockholders was not allocated to the redeemable convertible preferred stock as the holders of the redeemable convertible preferred stock were not contractually obligated to share in the losses of the Company.

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the number of weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Prior to the IPO, the net loss attributable to common stockholders was adjusted for accretion of the carrying value of redeemable convertible preferred stock and deemed dividend distribution. Since the Company has reported net losses for all periods presented, all potentially dilutive securities are considered antidilutive, and accordingly, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share.

Defined Benefit Plan

Employees in India are entitled to benefits under the Gratuity Act, a defined benefit retirement plan covering eligible employees. The plan requires employers to provide for a lump-sum payment to eligible employees at retirement, death, and incapacitation or on termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee’s salary and tenure of employment. Employees in India are also entitled to a defined benefit plan with benefits based on an employee’s accumulated leave balance and salary. Both plans are unfunded arrangements.

Current service costs are accrued in the period to which they relate. The benefit obligations are calculated by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method and the unfunded position is recognized as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets. In measuring the defined benefit obligations, the Company uses a discount rate at the reporting date based on yields of local government treasury bills denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid, with maturities approximating the terms of the Company’s obligations.

Since the plan is unfunded, no annual contributions are required to be made as per applicable regulations. Disclosures required under ASC 715—Compensation—Retirement Benefits, have been omitted because the Company has deemed them immaterial to its consolidated financial statements.

Leases

The Company accounts for its existing leases of office facilities as operating leases. Certain facility lease agreements contain rent holidays, allowances and rent escalation provisions. For leases that contain rent escalation or rent concession provisions, the Company records the total rent expense during the lease term on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The difference between the amount of rent paid and the straight-line rent expense is recorded as deferred rent, with its current and long-term portions classified in accrued liabilities and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

New accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) under its ASC or ASU and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date.

As an emerging growth company, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the JOBS Act) allows the Company to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. The Company has elected to use the adoption dates applicable to private companies. As a result, the Company’s financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of issuers who are required to comply with the effective date for new or revised accounting standards that are applicable to public companies.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other — Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. The ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The Company adopted the requirements of ASU 2018-15 as of January 1, 2021 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets as right-of-use (ROU) assets with corresponding lease liabilities and eliminates certain real estate-specific provisions. Under the standard, lease expenses will continue to be recorded over the lease term in the consolidated statements of operations in a manner similar to the current standard. Certain practical expedients are available for lessees to elect upon adopting the new standard. This standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2022, and early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt Topic 842 on a modified basis using the optional transition method, and accordingly, will not restate comparative periods. Amounts and related disclosures for fiscal 2021 will continue to be presented in accordance with ASC 840, Leases. Amounts and disclosures for fiscal 2022 will be presented under ASC 842. The Company expects adoption of the standard will result in the recognition of additional ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases in the range of approximately $23.0 million to $25.0 million, and $28.0 million to $30.0 million, respectively, as of January 1, 2022. Additionally, the adoption of this standard will have no impact to the Company's consolidated income statements and cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets by requiring an allowance to be recorded as an offset to the amortized cost of such assets. The Company is required to adopt this standard on or before January 1, 2023. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective approach. The standard primarily impacts our financial assets measured at amortized cost and available-for-sale debt securities. The adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740). The standard eliminates certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation and the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period. The standard also simplifies aspects of accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax or rates, and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis for goodwill. The guidance will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2022; early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires acquiring entities to apply Topic 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. ASU 2021-08 will become effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, to be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the ASU, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures its financial assets at fair value each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1—Inputs are observable and reflect quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3—Inputs that are unobservable.

Money market funds and U.S. treasury securities are classified within Level 1 because they are valued using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs. Other debt securities and investments are classified within Level 2 if the investments are valued using model driven valuations which use observable inputs such as quoted market prices, benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Available-for-sale debt securities are held by custodians who obtain investment prices from a third-party pricing provider that incorporates standard inputs in various asset price models.