Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	3 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The consolidated financial statements presented in this report include the accounts of HomeTrust Bancshares, Inc., a Maryland corporation ("HomeTrust"), and its wholly-owned subsidiary, HomeTrust Bank (the "Bank"). As used throughout this report, the term the "Company" refers to HomeTrust and the Bank, its consolidated subsidiary, unless the context otherwise requires. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X as promulgated by the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented have been included. It is recommended that these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2020 ("2020 Form 10-K") filed with the SEC on September 11, 2020. The results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending June 30, 2021. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements. Various elements of the Company's accounting policies, by their nature, are inherently subject to estimation techniques, valuation assumptions, and other subjective assessments. In particular, management has identified several accounting policies that, due to the judgments, estimates and assumptions inherent in those policies, are critical to an understanding of the Company's financial statements. These policies relate to (i) the determination of the provision and the allowance for credit losses on loans and (ii) the valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets. These policies and judgments, estimates and assumptions are described in greater detail in notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Critical Accounting Policies) in the Company's 2020 Form 10-K. Management believes that the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are appropriate based on the factual circumstances at the time. However, given the sensitivity of the financial statements to these critical accounting policies, the use of other judgments, estimates and assumptions could result in material differences in the Company's results of operations or financial condition. Further, subsequent changes in economic or market conditions could have a material impact on these estimates and the Company's financial condition and operating results in future periods. Operating, Accounting and Reporting Considerations related to COVID-19 The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy. In response to this crisis, the CARES Act was passed by Congress and signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act provides an estimated $2.2 trillion to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and stimulate the economy by supporting individuals and businesses through loans, grants, tax changes, and other types of relief. Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to: • Accounting for Loan Modifications - The CARES Act provides that a financial institution may elect to suspend (1) the requirements under GAAP for certain loan modifications that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR and (2) any determination that such loan modifications would be considered a TDR, including the related impairment for accounting purposes. The Bank has elected this as a policy change. • PPP - The CARES Act established the PPP, an expansion of the SBA's 7(a) loan program and the Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program, administered directly by the SBA. Also in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the FDIC, the National Credit Union Administration, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, in consultation with the state financial regulators (collectively, the “agencies”) issued a joint interagency statement (issued March 22, 2020; revised statement issued April 7, 2020). Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to: • Accounting for Loan Modifications - A loan modification that does not meet the conditions of the CARES Act may still qualify as a modification that does not need to be accounted for as a TDR. The agencies confirmed with FASB staff that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or insignificant delays in payment. • Past Due Reporting - With regard to loans not otherwise reportable as past due, financial institutions are not expected to designate loans with deferrals granted due to COVID-19 as past due because of the deferral. A loan’s payment date is governed by the due date stipulated in the legal agreement. If a financial institution agrees to a payment deferral, these loans would not be considered past due during the period of the deferral. • Nonaccrual Status and Charge-offs - While short-term COVID-19 modifications are in effect, these loans generally should not be reported as nonaccrual or as classified. See Note 6 Loans for more information on COVID-19 specific loans that have been modified or in deferral. Adoption of CECL standard On July 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses ("Topic 326"): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments", sometimes referred to herein as ASU 2016-13. Topic 326 was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses; ASU No. 2019-05, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses; and ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments. This standard applies to all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off balance sheet credit exposures, including loans, investment securities and unfunded commitments. The Company applied the standard’s provisions using the modified retrospective method as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of July 1, 2020. With this transition method, the Company did not have to restate comparative prior periods presented in the financial statements related to Topic 326, but will present comparative prior period disclosures using the previous accounting guidance for the allowance for loan losses. This adoption method is considered a change in accounting principle requiring additional disclosure of the nature of and reason for the change, which is solely a result of the adoption of the required standard. ACL – Investment Securities Management uses a systematic methodology to determine its ACL for investment securities held to maturity. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the held-to-maturity portfolio. Management considers the effects of past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts on the collectability of the portfolio. The Company’s estimate of its ACL involves a high degree of judgment; therefore, management’s process for determining expected credit losses may result in a range of expected credit losses. Management monitors the held-to-maturity portfolio to determine whether a valuation account would need to be recorded. The Company currently has no investment securities held to maturity. Management excludes the accrued interest receivable balance from the amortized cost basis in measuring expected credit losses on the investment securities and does not record an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable. As of September 30, 2020, the accrued interest receivable for investment securities available for sale was $453. The Company’s estimate of expected credit losses includes a measure of the expected risk of credit loss even if that risk is remote. However, the Company does not measure expected credit losses on an investment security in which historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecast results in an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is zero. Management does not expect nonpayment of the amortized cost basis to be zero solely on the basis of the current value of collateral securing the security but, instead, also considers the nature of the collateral, potential future changes in collateral values, default rates, delinquency rates, third-party guarantees, credit ratings, interest rate changes since purchase, volatility of the security’s fair value and historical loss information for financial assets secured with similar collateral. The Company performed an analysis that determined that the following securities have a zero expected credit loss: U.S. government agencies, residential MBS of U.S. government agencies and GSEs, and municipal bonds. All of the U.S. government agencies and U.S. government agency backed securities have the full faith and credit backing of the United States Government or one of its agencies. Municipal bonds that do not have a zero expected credit loss will be evaluated quarterly to determine whether there is a credit loss associated with a decline in fair value. Management no longer evaluates securities for OTTI, as ASC Subtopic 326-30, "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Available-for-Sale Debt Securities," changes the accounting for recognizing impairment on available-for-sale debt securities. Each quarter management evaluates impairment where there has been a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis of a security to determine whether there is a credit loss associated with the decline in fair value. Management considers the nature of the collateral, potential future changes in collateral values, default rates, delinquency rates, third-party guarantees, credit ratings, interest rate changes since purchase, volatility of the security’s fair value and historical loss information for financial assets secured with similar collateral among other factors. Credit losses are calculated individually, rather than collectively, using a DCF method, whereby management compares the present value of expected cash flows with the amortized cost basis of the security. The credit loss component would be recognized through the provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. ACL - Loans and leases The ACL reflects management’s estimate of losses that will result from the inability of its borrowers to make required loan payments. The Company established the incremental increase in the ACL at adoption of the CECL standard through the cumulative effect adjustment to equity and subsequent adjustments will be made through a provision for credit losses charged against earnings. Management records loans charged off against the ACL and subsequent recoveries, if any, increase the ACL when they are recognized. Management uses a systematic methodology to determine its ACL for loans held for investment and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loan portfolio. Management considers the effects of past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts on the collectability of the loan portfolio. The Company’s estimate of its ACL involves a high degree of judgment; therefore, management’s process for determining expected credit losses may result in a range of expected credit losses. The Company’s ACL recorded in the balance sheet reflects management’s best estimate within the range of expected credit losses. The Company recognizes in net income the amount needed to adjust the ACL for management’s current estimate of expected credit losses. The Company’s ACL is calculated using collectively evaluated and individually evaluated loans. The Company collectively evaluates loans that share similar risk characteristics. In general, management has segmented loans by regulatory call code category and collectively evaluates loans within the retail and commercial categories. Loans within the retail consumer category include: 1-4 family, HELOCs - originated, HELOCs - purchased, construction and land/lots, indirect auto finance, and consumer. Loans within the commercial category include: commercial real estate, construction and development, commercial and industrial, equipment finance, and municipal leases. For collectively evaluated loans, the Company uses a DCF method for each loan in a pool, and the results are aggregated at the pool level. A periodic tendency to default and absolute loss given default are applied to a projective model of the loan’s cash flow while considering prepayment and principal curtailment effects. The analysis produces expected cash flows for each instrument in the pool by pairing loan-level term information (maturity date, payment amount, interest rate, etc.) with top-down pool assumptions (default rates, prepayment speeds). The Company has identified the following portfolio segments for the current calculation: 1-4 family construction, 1-4 family mortgage – jr. lien, 1-4 family mortgage – sr. lien, commercial and industrial, commercial leases, construction – multi-family, construction – non-owner occupied, construction – owner occupied, consumer – auto, consumer – other, consumer – revolving, farmland, land and lot, multifamily, municipal leases, non-owner occupied CRE, owner occupied CRE, and HELOCs. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA; therefore, management estimates a zero reserve for PPP loans within its allowance for credit losses. Management has determined that the peer loss experience provides the best basis for its assessment of expected credit losses to determine the ACL. The Company utilized peer call report data to measure historical credit loss experience with similar risk characteristics within the segments over an economic cycle. Management reviewed the historical loss information to appropriately adjust for differences in current asset specific risk characteristics. Management also considered further adjustments to historical loss information for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that differ from the conditions that existed for the period over which historical information was evaluated. For all segment models for collectively evaluated loans (except for HELOCs), the Company incorporated one macroeconomic driver using a statistical regression modeling methodology. The HELOC segment incorporated two macroeconomic drivers. Due to the low loss rates of municipal leases and the expectation of them remaining low, management has elected to separately pool these loans. Management has elected to use readily available municipal default rates and loss given defaults in order to calculate expected credit losses. Management considers forward-looking information in estimating expected credit losses. The Company uses the Fannie Mae quarterly economic forecast which is a baseline outlook for the United States economy. Management has evaluated the appropriateness of the reasonable and supportable forecast for the current period along with the inputs used in the estimation of expected credit losses. For the contractual term that extends beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company reverts to historical loss information within four quarters using a straight-line approach. Management may apply different reversion techniques depending on the economic environment for the financial asset portfolio and as of the current period has utilized a linear reversion technique. Management has evaluated the appropriateness of a reversion period for the current period and noted that it was reasonable. Included in its systematic methodology to determine its ACL for loans held for investment and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures, management considers the need to qualitatively adjust expected credit losses for information not already captured in the loss estimation process. These qualitative adjustments can either increase or decrease the quantitative model estimation (i.e. formulaic model results). Each period the Company considers qualitative factors that are relevant within the qualitative framework that include the following: 1) lending policies and procedures, 2) credit review function, 3) experience and depth of management and staff, 4) external factors, and 5) actual and expected changes in economic and business conditions. When a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with its segment, the asset is assessed to determine whether it should be included in another pool or should be individually evaluated. For these individually evaluated loans, the Company maintains specific book balance thresholds for retail or consumer loans, commercial loans, municipal and equipment leases, and unsecured commercial loans. Management would adjust these thresholds if future analysis suggests a change is needed based on the credit environment at that time. Generally, individually evaluated loans other than TDRs are on nonaccrual status. Based on the thresholds above, financial assets will generally remain in pools unless they meet the dollar threshold or foreclosure is probable. The expected credit losses on individually evaluated loans will be estimated based on DCF analysis unless the loan meets the criteria for use of the fair value of collateral, either by virtue of an expected foreclosure or through meeting the definition of collateral dependent. Financial assets that have been individually evaluated can be returned to a pool for purposes of estimating the expected credit loss insofar as their credit profile improves and that the repayment terms are not considered to be unique to the asset. Management measures expected credit losses over the contractual term of the loans. When determining the contractual term, the Company considers expected prepayments but is precluded from considering expected extensions, renewals, or modifications, unless the Company reasonably expects it will execute a TDR with a borrower. In the event of a reasonably-expected TDR, the Company factors the reasonably-expected TDR into the current expected credit losses estimate. The effects of a TDR are recorded when an individual asset is specifically identified as a reasonably-expected TDR. The Company identifies the point at which it offers the modification to the borrower as the point at which the TDR is reasonably expected for both commercial and consumer loans. The Company uses a DCF methodology to calculate the effect of the concession provided to the borrower in TDR within the ACL. PCD assets are defined as acquired individual financial assets (or acquired groups of financial assets with similar risk characteristics) that, as of the date of acquisition, have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, as determined by the Company’s assessment. The Company records acquired PCD loans by adding the expected credit losses (i.e., ACL) to the purchase price of the financial assets rather than recording through the provision for credit losses in the income statement. The expected credit loss, as of the acquisition day, of a PCD loan is added to the ACL. The non-credit discount or premium is the difference between the unpaid principal balance and the amortized cost basis as of the acquisition date. Subsequent to the acquisition date, the change in the ACL on PCD loans is recognized through the provision for credit losses. The non-credit discount or premium is accreted or amortized, respectively, into interest income over the remaining life of the PCD loan on a level-yield basis. In accordance with the transition requirements within the standard, the Company’s PCI loans were treated as PCD loans. The Company follows its nonaccrual policy by reversing contractual interest income in the income statement when the Company places a loan on nonaccrual status. Therefore, management excludes the accrued interest receivable balance from the amortized cost basis in measuring expected credit losses on the portfolio and does not record an ACL on accrued interest receivable. As of September 30, 2020, the accrued interest receivable for loans was $9,859. The Company has a variety of assets that have a component that qualifies as an off-balance sheet exposure. These primarily include undrawn portions of revolving lines of credit and standby letters of credit. The expected losses associated with these exposures within the unfunded portion of the expected credit loss will be recorded as a liability on the balance sheet with an offsetting income statement expense. Management has determined that a majority of the Company’s off-balance-sheet credit exposures are not unconditionally cancellable. See "Note 6 - Loans" for additional details related to the Company's off-balance-sheet credit exposure. The current adjustment to the ACL for unfunded commitments would be recognized through the provision for credit losses in the Statement of Income.

The consolidated financial statements presented in this report include the accounts of HomeTrust Bancshares, Inc., a Maryland corporation ("HomeTrust"), and its wholly-owned subsidiary, HomeTrust Bank (the "Bank"). As used throughout this report, the term the "Company" refers to HomeTrust and the Bank, its consolidated subsidiary, unless the context otherwise requires.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X as promulgated by the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented have been included. It is recommended that these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2020 ("2020 Form 10-K") filed with the SEC on September 11, 2020. The results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending June 30, 2021.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements. Various elements of the Company's accounting policies, by their nature, are inherently subject to estimation techniques, valuation assumptions, and other subjective assessments. In particular, management has identified several accounting policies that, due to the judgments, estimates and assumptions inherent in those policies, are critical to an understanding of the Company's financial statements. These policies relate to (i) the determination of the provision and the allowance for credit losses on loans and (ii) the valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets. These policies and judgments, estimates and assumptions are described in greater detail in notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Critical Accounting Policies) in the Company's 2020 Form 10-K. Management believes that the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are appropriate based on the factual circumstances at the time. However, given the sensitivity of the financial statements to these critical accounting policies, the use of other judgments, estimates and assumptions could result in material differences in the Company's results of operations or financial condition. Further, subsequent changes in economic or market conditions could have a material impact on these estimates and the Company's financial condition and operating results in future periods.

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy. In response to this crisis, the CARES Act was passed by Congress and signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act provides an estimated $2.2 trillion to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and stimulate the economy by supporting individuals and businesses through loans, grants, tax changes, and other types of relief. Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to:

• Accounting for Loan Modifications - The CARES Act provides that a financial institution may elect to suspend (1) the requirements under GAAP for certain loan modifications that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR and (2) any determination that such loan modifications would be considered a TDR, including the related impairment for accounting purposes. The Bank has elected this as a policy change.

Also in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the FDIC, the National Credit Union Administration, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, in consultation with the state financial regulators (collectively, the “agencies”) issued a joint interagency statement (issued March 22, 2020; revised statement issued April 7, 2020). Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to:

• Accounting for Loan Modifications - A loan modification that does not meet the conditions of the CARES Act may still qualify as a modification that does not need to be accounted for as a TDR. The agencies confirmed with FASB staff that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or insignificant delays in payment.

• Past Due Reporting - With regard to loans not otherwise reportable as past due, financial institutions are not expected to designate loans with deferrals granted due to COVID-19 as past due because of the deferral. A loan’s payment date is governed by the due date stipulated in the legal agreement. If a financial institution agrees to a payment deferral, these loans would not be considered past due during the period of the deferral.

On July 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses ("Topic 326"): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments", sometimes referred to herein as ASU 2016-13. Topic 326 was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses; ASU No. 2019-05, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses; and ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments. This standard applies to all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off balance sheet credit exposures, including loans, investment securities and unfunded commitments. The Company applied the standard’s provisions using the modified retrospective method as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of July 1, 2020. With this transition method, the Company did not have to restate comparative prior periods presented in the financial statements related to Topic 326, but will present comparative prior period disclosures using the previous accounting guidance for the allowance for loan losses. This adoption method is considered a change in accounting principle requiring additional disclosure of the nature of and reason for the change, which is solely a result of the adoption of the required standard.

Management uses a systematic methodology to determine its ACL for investment securities held to maturity. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the held-to-maturity portfolio. Management considers the effects of past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts on the collectability of the portfolio. The Company’s estimate of its ACL involves a high degree of judgment; therefore, management’s process for determining expected credit losses may result in a range of expected credit losses. Management monitors the held-to-maturity portfolio to determine whether a valuation account would need to be recorded. The Company currently has no investment securities held to maturity.

Management excludes the accrued interest receivable balance from the amortized cost basis in measuring expected credit losses on the investment securities and does not record an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable. As of September 30, 2020, the accrued interest receivable for investment securities available for sale was $453.

The Company’s estimate of expected credit losses includes a measure of the expected risk of credit loss even if that risk is remote. However, the Company does not measure expected credit losses on an investment security in which historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecast results in an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is zero. Management does not expect nonpayment of the amortized cost basis to be zero solely on the basis of the current value of collateral securing the security but, instead, also considers the nature of the collateral, potential future changes in collateral values, default rates, delinquency rates, third-party guarantees, credit ratings, interest rate changes since purchase, volatility of the security’s fair value and historical loss information for financial assets secured with similar collateral. The Company performed an analysis that determined that the following securities have a zero expected credit loss: U.S. government agencies, residential MBS of U.S. government agencies and GSEs, and municipal bonds. All of the U.S. government agencies and U.S. government agency backed securities have the full faith and credit backing of the United States Government or one of its agencies. Municipal bonds that do not have a zero expected credit loss will be evaluated quarterly to determine whether there is a credit loss associated with a decline in fair value.

Management no longer evaluates securities for OTTI, as ASC Subtopic 326-30, "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Available-for-Sale Debt Securities," changes the accounting for recognizing impairment on available-for-sale debt securities. Each quarter management evaluates impairment where there has been a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis of a security to determine whether there is a credit loss associated with the decline in fair value. Management considers the nature of the collateral, potential future changes in collateral values, default rates, delinquency rates, third-party guarantees, credit ratings, interest rate changes since purchase, volatility of the security’s fair value and historical loss information for financial assets secured with similar collateral among other factors. Credit losses are calculated individually, rather than collectively, using a DCF method, whereby management compares the present value of expected cash flows with the amortized cost basis of the security. The credit loss component would be recognized through the provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The ACL reflects management’s estimate of losses that will result from the inability of its borrowers to make required loan payments. The Company established the incremental increase in the ACL at adoption of the CECL standard through the cumulative effect adjustment to equity and subsequent adjustments will be made through a provision for credit losses charged against earnings. Management records loans charged off against the ACL and subsequent recoveries, if any, increase the ACL when they are recognized.

Management uses a systematic methodology to determine its ACL for loans held for investment and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loan portfolio. Management considers the effects of past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts on the collectability of the loan portfolio. The Company’s estimate of its ACL involves a high degree of judgment; therefore, management’s process for determining expected credit losses may result in a range of expected credit losses. The Company’s ACL recorded in the balance sheet reflects management’s best estimate within the range of expected credit losses. The Company recognizes in net income the amount needed to adjust the ACL for management’s current estimate of expected credit losses. The Company’s ACL is calculated using collectively evaluated and individually evaluated loans.

The Company collectively evaluates loans that share similar risk characteristics. In general, management has segmented loans by regulatory call code category and collectively evaluates loans within the retail and commercial categories. Loans within the retail consumer category include: 1-4 family, HELOCs - originated, HELOCs - purchased, construction and land/lots, indirect auto finance, and consumer. Loans within the commercial category include: commercial real estate, construction and development, commercial and industrial, equipment finance, and municipal leases.

For collectively evaluated loans, the Company uses a DCF method for each loan in a pool, and the results are aggregated at the pool level. A periodic tendency to default and absolute loss given default are applied to a projective model of the loan’s cash flow while considering prepayment and principal curtailment effects. The analysis produces expected cash flows for each instrument in the pool by pairing loan-level term information (maturity date, payment amount, interest rate, etc.) with top-down pool assumptions (default rates, prepayment speeds). The Company has identified the following portfolio segments for the current calculation: 1-4 family construction, 1-4 family mortgage – jr. lien, 1-4 family mortgage – sr. lien, commercial and industrial, commercial leases, construction – multi-family, construction – non-owner occupied, construction – owner occupied, consumer – auto, consumer – other, consumer – revolving, farmland, land and lot, multifamily, municipal leases, non-owner occupied CRE, owner occupied CRE, and HELOCs. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA; therefore, management estimates a zero reserve for PPP loans within its allowance for credit losses.

Management has determined that the peer loss experience provides the best basis for its assessment of expected credit losses to determine the ACL. The Company utilized peer call report data to measure historical credit loss experience with similar risk characteristics within the segments over an economic cycle. Management reviewed the historical loss information to appropriately adjust for differences in current asset specific risk characteristics. Management also considered further adjustments to historical loss information for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that differ from the conditions that existed for the period over which historical information was evaluated. For all segment models for collectively evaluated loans (except for HELOCs), the Company incorporated one macroeconomic driver using a statistical regression modeling methodology. The HELOC segment incorporated two macroeconomic drivers. Due to the low loss rates of municipal leases and the expectation of them remaining low, management has elected to separately pool these loans. Management has elected to use readily available municipal default rates and loss given defaults in order to calculate expected credit losses.

Management considers forward-looking information in estimating expected credit losses. The Company uses the Fannie Mae quarterly economic forecast which is a baseline outlook for the United States economy. Management has evaluated the appropriateness of the reasonable and supportable forecast for the current period along with the inputs used in the estimation of expected credit losses. For the contractual term that extends beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company reverts to historical loss information within four quarters using a straight-line approach. Management may apply different reversion techniques depending on the economic environment for the financial asset portfolio and as of the current period has utilized a linear reversion technique. Management has evaluated the appropriateness of a reversion period for the current period and noted that it was reasonable.

Included in its systematic methodology to determine its ACL for loans held for investment and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures, management considers the need to qualitatively adjust expected credit losses for information not already captured in the loss estimation process. These qualitative adjustments can either increase or decrease the quantitative model estimation (i.e. formulaic model results). Each period the Company considers qualitative factors that are relevant within the qualitative framework that include the following: 1) lending policies and procedures, 2) credit review function, 3) experience and depth of management and staff, 4) external factors, and 5) actual and expected changes in economic and business conditions.

When a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with its segment, the asset is assessed to determine whether it should be included in another pool or should be individually evaluated. For these individually evaluated loans, the Company maintains specific book balance thresholds for retail or consumer loans, commercial loans, municipal and equipment leases, and unsecured commercial loans. Management would adjust these thresholds if future analysis suggests a change is needed based on the credit environment at that time. Generally, individually evaluated loans other than TDRs are on nonaccrual status. Based on the thresholds above, financial assets will generally remain in pools unless they meet the dollar threshold or foreclosure is probable. The expected credit losses on individually evaluated loans will be estimated based on DCF analysis unless the loan meets the criteria for use of the fair value of collateral, either by virtue of an expected foreclosure or through meeting the definition of collateral dependent. Financial assets that have been individually evaluated can be returned to a pool for purposes of estimating the expected credit loss insofar as their credit profile improves and that the repayment terms are not considered to be unique to the asset.

Management measures expected credit losses over the contractual term of the loans. When determining the contractual term, the Company considers expected prepayments but is precluded from considering expected extensions, renewals, or modifications, unless the Company reasonably expects it will execute a TDR with a borrower. In the event of a reasonably-expected TDR, the Company factors the reasonably-expected TDR into the current expected credit losses estimate. The effects of a TDR are recorded when an individual asset is specifically identified as a reasonably-expected TDR. The Company identifies the point at which it offers the modification to the borrower as the point at which the TDR is reasonably expected for both commercial and consumer loans. The Company uses a DCF methodology to calculate the effect of the concession provided to the borrower in TDR within the ACL.

PCD assets are defined as acquired individual financial assets (or acquired groups of financial assets with similar risk characteristics) that, as of the date of acquisition, have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, as determined by the Company’s assessment. The Company records acquired PCD loans by adding the expected credit losses (i.e., ACL) to the purchase price of the financial assets rather than recording through the provision for credit losses in the income statement. The expected credit loss, as of the acquisition day, of a PCD loan is added to the ACL. The non-credit discount or premium is the difference between the unpaid principal

balance and the amortized cost basis as of the acquisition date. Subsequent to the acquisition date, the change in the ACL on PCD loans is recognized through the provision for credit losses. The non-credit discount or premium is accreted or amortized, respectively, into interest income over the remaining life of the PCD loan on a level-yield basis. In accordance with the transition requirements within the standard, the Company’s PCI loans were treated as PCD loans.

The Company follows its nonaccrual policy by reversing contractual interest income in the income statement when the Company places a loan on nonaccrual status. Therefore, management excludes the accrued interest receivable balance from the amortized cost basis in measuring expected credit losses on the portfolio and does not record an ACL on accrued interest receivable. As of September 30, 2020, the accrued interest receivable for loans was $9,859.

The Company has a variety of assets that have a component that qualifies as an off-balance sheet exposure. These primarily include undrawn portions of revolving lines of credit and standby letters of credit. The expected losses associated with these exposures within the unfunded portion of the expected credit loss will be recorded as a liability on the balance sheet with an offsetting income statement expense. Management has determined that a majority of the Company’s off-balance-sheet credit exposures are not unconditionally cancellable. See "Note 6 - Loans" for additional details related to the Company's off-balance-sheet credit exposure. The current adjustment to the ACL for unfunded commitments would be recognized through the provision for credit losses in the Statement of Income.