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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Business
Business
The consolidated financial statements presented in this report include the accounts of HomeTrust Bancshares, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“HomeTrust”), and its wholly-owned subsidiary, HomeTrust Bank (the “Bank”). As used throughout this report, the term the “Company” refers to HomeTrust and its consolidated subsidiary, unless the context otherwise requires. HomeTrust is a bank holding company primarily engaged in the business of planning, directing, and coordinating the business activities of the Bank. The Bank is a North Carolina state chartered bank and provides a wide range of retail and commercial banking products within its geographic footprint, which includes: North Carolina (the Asheville metropolitan area, Greensboro/"Piedmont" region, Charlotte, and Raleigh/Cary), Upstate South Carolina (Greenville), East Tennessee (Kingsport/Johnson City/Bristol, Knoxville, and Morristown) and Southwest Virginia (the Roanoke Valley). The Bank operates under a single set of corporate policies and procedures and is recognized as a single banking segment for financial reporting purposes.
Accounting Principles
Accounting Principles
The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”).
Principles of Consolidation and Subsidiary Activities
Principles of Consolidation and Subsidiary Activities
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of HomeTrust, the Bank, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, WNCSC at or for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019, and 2018. WNCSC owns office buildings in Asheville, North Carolina that are leased to the Bank. All intercompany items have been eliminated.
Reclassifications
Reclassifications
Certain amounts reported in prior periods’ consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on previously reported cash flows, stockholders’ equity or net income.
Use of Estimates in Financial Statements
Use of Estimates in Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and interest-bearing deposits with initial terms to maturity of 90 days or less.
Commercial Paper
Commercial Paper
Commercial paper includes highly liquid short-term debt of investment graded corporations with maturities less than 270 days. These instruments are typically purchased at a discount based on prevailing interest rates and do not exceed $15,000 per issuer.
Debt Securities
Debt Securities
The Company classifies debt securities as trading, available for sale, or held to maturity.
Securities available for sale are carried at fair value. These securities are used to execute asset/liability management strategies, manage liquidity, and leverage capital, and therefore may be sold prior to maturity. Adjustments for unrealized gains or losses, net of the income tax effect, are made to accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of total stockholders’ equity.
Securities held to maturity are stated at cost, net of unamortized balances of premiums and discounts. When these securities are purchased, the Company intends to and has the ability to hold such securities until maturity.
Declines in the fair value of individual securities available for sale or held to maturity below their cost that are other-than-temporary result in write-downs of the individual securities to their fair value. The related write-downs are included in earnings as realized losses. In estimating other-than-temporary impairment losses, the Company considers among other things, (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (iii) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery of the unrealized loss, and in the case of debt securities, whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security prior to a recovery.
Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the security as an adjustment to yield. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Gains or losses on the sale of securities are recognized on a specific identification, trade date basis.
Loans
Loans
Portfolio loans are carried at their outstanding principal amount, less unearned income and deferred nonrefundable loan fees, net of certain origination costs. Interest income is recorded as earned on an accrual basis based on the contractual rate and the outstanding balance, except for nonaccruing loans where interest is recorded as earned on a cash basis. Net deferred loan origination fees/costs are deferred and amortized to interest income over the life of the related loan.
Acquired Loans
Purchased loans are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. Credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value; therefore, an allowance for loan and lease losses is not recorded at the acquisition date. Acquired loans are evaluated upon acquisition and classified as either purchased impaired or purchased non-impaired. Purchased impaired loans reflect credit deterioration since origination such that it is probable at acquisition that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments.
The cash flows expected to be received over the life of the loans were estimated by management. These cash flows were provided to third party analysts to calculate carrying values of the loans, book yields, effective interest income and impairment, if any, based on actual and projected events. Default rates, loss severity, and prepayment speed assumptions will be periodically reassessed to update our expectation of future cash flows. The excess of the cash flows expected to be collected over a loan's carrying value is considered to be the accretable yield and is recognized as interest income over the estimated life of the loan using the effective yield method. The accretable yield may change due to changes in the timing and amounts of expected cash flows. Changes in the accretable yield are disclosed quarterly.
The excess of the undiscounted contractual balances due over the cash flows expected to be collected is considered to be the nonaccretable difference. The nonaccretable difference represents our estimate of the credit losses expected to occur and was considered in determining the fair value of the loans as of the acquisition date. Subsequent to the acquisition date, any increases in expected cash flows over those expected at purchase date in excess of fair value are adjusted through a change to the accretable yield on a prospective basis. Any subsequent decreases in expected cash flows attributable to credit deterioration are recognized by recording a provision for loan losses. The purchased impaired loans acquired are and will continue to be subject to the Company's internal and external credit review and monitoring.
For purchased non-impaired loans, the difference between the fair value and unpaid principal balance of the loan at the acquisition date is amortized or accreted to interest income over the life of the loans.
Loan Segments and Classes
The Company’s loan portfolio is grouped into two segments (retail consumer loans and commercial loans) and into various classes within each segment. The Company originates, services, and manages its loans based on these segments and classes. The Company’s portfolio segments and classes within those segments are subject to risks that could have an adverse impact on the credit quality of the loan portfolio. Management identified the risks described below as significant risks that are generally similar among the loan segments and classes.
Retail Consumer Loan Segment
The Company underwrites its retail consumer loans using automated credit scoring and analysis tools. These credit scoring tools take into account factors such as payment history, credit utilization, length of credit history, types of credit currently in use, and recent credit inquiries. To the extent that the loan is secured by collateral, the value of the collateral is also evaluated. Common risks to each class of retail consumer loans include general economic conditions within the Company’s markets, such as unemployment and potential declines in collateral values, and the personal circumstances of the borrowers. In addition to these common risks for the Company’s retail consumer loans, various retail consumer loan classes may also have certain risks specific to them.
One-to-four family and construction and land/lot loans are to individuals and are typically secured by one-to-four family residential property, undeveloped land, and partially developed land in anticipation of pending construction of a personal residence. Significant and rapid declines in real estate values can result in residential mortgage loan borrowers having debt levels in excess of the current market value of the collateral, which can lead to higher levels of foreclosures. Construction and land/lot loans may experience delays in completion and cost overruns that exceed the borrower’s financial ability to complete the project. Such cost overruns can result in foreclosure of partially completed and unmarketable collateral.
Originated home equity lines of credit often secured by second liens on residential real estate, thereby making such loans particularly susceptible to declining collateral values. A substantial decline in collateral value could render the Company’s second lien position to be effectively unsecured. Additional risks include lien perfection inaccuracies and disputes with first lien holders that may further weaken collateral positions. Further, the open-end structure of these loans creates the risk that customers may draw on the lines in excess of the collateral value if there have been significant declines since origination. From time to time, the Company purchases certain HELOCs from a third party. The credit risk characteristics are different for these loans since they were not originated by the Company and the collateral is located outside the Company’s market area, primarily in several western states. The Company established an allowance for loan losses based on the historical losses of the portfolio. The Company monitors the performance of these loans and adjusts the allowance for loan losses as necessary.
Indirect auto finance loans are primarily for new and used personal automobiles originated by franchised and independent auto dealers within the Company's geographic footprint. The bank-dealer relationship is governed by contract, which provides warranties and representations, payment schedules, and rights and remedies upon breach. The underwriting process and standards are maintained by the Company and implemented via an automated decision tool, which incorporates the borrower's credit score, loan to value ratio, and terms of the loan to determine the borrower's creditworthiness.
Consumer loans include loans secured by deposit accounts or personal property such as automobiles, boats, and motorcycles, as well as unsecured consumer debt. The value of underlying collateral within this class is especially volatile due to potential rapid depreciation in values since date of loan origination in excess of principal repayment.
Commercial Loan Segment
The Company’s commercial loans are centrally underwritten based primarily on the customer’s ability to generate the required cash flow to service the debt in accordance with the contractual terms and conditions of the loan agreement. The Company’s commercial lenders and underwriters work to understand the borrower’s businesses and management experiences. The majority of the Company’s commercial loans are secured by collateral, so collateral values are important to the transaction. In commercial loan transactions where the principals or other parties provide personal guarantees, the Company’s commercial lenders and underwriters analyze the relative financial strength and liquidity of each guarantor. Risks that are common to the Company’s commercial loan classes include general economic conditions, demand for the borrowers’ products and services, the personal circumstances of the principals, and reductions in collateral values. In addition to these common risks for the Company’s commercial loans, the various commercial loan classes also have certain risks specific to them.
Construction and development loans are highly dependent on the supply and demand for commercial real estate in the Company’s markets as well as the demand for the newly constructed residential and commercial properties and lots being developed by the Company’s commercial loan customers. Prolonged deterioration in demand could result in significant decreases in the underlying collateral values and make repayment of the outstanding loans more difficult for the Company’s commercial borrowers.
Commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans are primarily dependent on the ability of the Company’s commercial loan customers to achieve business results consistent with those projected at loan origination resulting in cash flow sufficient to service the debt. To the extent that a borrower’s actual business results significantly underperform the original projections, the ability of that borrower to service the Company’s loan on a basis consistent with the contractual terms may be at risk. While these loans and leases are generally secured by real property, personal property, or business assets such as inventory or accounts receivable, it is possible that the liquidation of the collateral will not fully satisfy the obligation.
Municipal leases are primarily made to volunteer fire departments and depend on the tax revenues received from the county or municipality. These leases are mainly secured by vehicles, fire stations, land, or equipment. The underwriting of the municipal leases is based on the cash flows of the fire department as well as projections of future income.
Equipment finance is primarily made up of commercial finance agreements and commercial loans and leases provided by our new Equipment Finance line of business, and primarily for transportation, construction, and manufacturing equipment. The loans have terms on average of five years or less and are secured by the financed equipment.
PPP loans are an expansion of the SBA's 7(a) loan program and the Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program, administered directly by the SBA and as a result of the CARES Act passed by Congress in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The PPP loans are low interest notes to small business customers to cover payroll expenses and to a lesser extent other various expense ranging from interest on mortgage obligations, rent, utilities, and interest on outstanding debt. The loans are intended to be forgivable if the borrower maintains employees and complies with the CARES Act.
Credit Quality Indicators
Loans are monitored for credit quality on a recurring basis and the composition of the loans outstanding by credit quality indicator is provided below. Loan credit quality indicators are developed through review of individual borrowers on an ongoing basis. Generally, loans are monitored for performance on a quarterly basis with the credit quality indicators adjusted as needed. The indicators represent the rating for loans as of the date presented based on the most recent assessment performed. These credit quality indicators are defined as follows:
Pass—A pass rated asset is not adversely classified because it does not display any of the characteristics for adverse classification.
Special Mention—A special mention asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, such potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or collateral position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not warrant adverse classification.
Substandard—A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor, or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets classified as substandard generally have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. These assets are characterized by the distinct possibility of loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful—An asset classified doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in an asset classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values.
Loss—Assets classified loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuing to be carried as an asset is not warranted. This classification is not necessarily equivalent to no potential for recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not appropriate to defer a full write-off even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans Held for Sale
Residential mortgages held for sale are valued at the lower of cost or fair value as determined by outstanding commitments from investors on a “best efforts” basis or current investor yield requirements, calculated on the aggregate loan basis. 
The Company originates loans guaranteed by the SBA for the purchase of businesses, business startups, business expansion, equipment, and working capital. All SBA loans are underwritten and documented as prescribed by the SBA. SBA loans are generally fully amortizing and have maturity dates and amortizations of up to 25 years. SBA loans are classified as held for sale and are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The guaranteed portion of the loan is sold and the servicing rights are retained. At the time of the sale, an asset is recorded for the value of the servicing rights and is amortized over the remaining life of the loan on the effective interest method. The servicing asset is included in other assets and the corresponding servicing fees are recorded in noninterest income. A gain is recorded for any premium received in excess of the carrying value of the net assets transferred in the sale and is also included in noninterest income. The portion of SBA loans that are retained are adjusted to fair value and reclassified total loans, net of deferred costs (loans held for investment). The net value of the retained loans is included in the appropriate loan classification for disclosure purposes.
Beginning in fiscal year 2019, the Company began originating HELOCs through a third party. These loans are originated in various states outside the Company's geographic footprint, but are underwritten to the Company's underwriting guidelines. The loans are held for sale by the Company over a 90 to 180 day period and are serviced by the third party. The loans are marketed by the third party to investors in pools and once sold the Company recognizes a gain or loss on the sale.
Allowance for Loan Losses
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is management’s estimate of probable credit losses that are inherent in the Company’s loan portfolios at the balance sheet date. The allowance increases when the Company provides for loan losses through charges to operating earnings and when the Company recovers amounts from loans previously written down or charged off. The allowance decreases when the Company writes down or charges off loan amounts that are deemed uncollectible.
Management determines the allowance for loan losses based on periodic evaluations that are inherently subjective and require substantial judgment because the evaluations require the use of material estimates that are susceptible to significant change. The Company generally uses two allowance methodologies that are primarily based on management’s determination as to whether or not a loan is considered to be impaired.
All classified loans above a certain threshold meeting certain criteria are evaluated for impairment on a loan-by-loan basis and are considered impaired when it is probable, based on current information, that the borrower will be unable to pay contractual interest or principal as required by the loan agreement. Impaired loans below the threshold are evaluated as a pool with additional adjustments to the allowance for loan losses. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls are not necessarily considered impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment history, and the amount of the shortfall relative to the principal and interest owed. Impaired loans are measured at their estimated net realizable value based on either the value of the loan’s expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or on the collateral value, net of the estimated costs of disposal, if the loan is collateral dependent. For loans considered impaired, an individual allowance for loan losses is recorded when the loan principal balance exceeds the estimated net realizable value.
For loans not considered impaired, management determines the allowance for loan losses based on estimated loss percentages that are determined by and applied to the various classes of loans that comprise the segments of the Company’s loan portfolio. The estimated loss percentages by loan class are based on a number of factors that include by class (i) average historical losses over the past two years, (ii) levels and trends in delinquencies, impairments, and net charge-offs, (iii) trends in the volume, terms, and concentrations, (iv) trends in interest rates, (v) effects of changes in the Company’s risk tolerance, underwriting standards, lending policies, procedures, and practices, and (vi) national and local business and economic conditions.
Future material adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary due to changing economic conditions or declining collateral values. In addition, bank regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses and may require the Company to make adjustments to the allowance for loan losses based upon judgments that differ significantly from those of management.
Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets can include loans that are past due 90 days or more based on the loan’s contractual terms and continue to accrue interest, loans on which interest is not being accrued, and REO.
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More, Nonaccruing, Impaired, or Restructured
Loans Past Due 90 Days or More, Nonaccruing, Impaired, or Restructured
The Company’s policies related to when loans are placed on nonaccruing status conform to guidelines prescribed by bank regulatory authorities. Generally, the Company suspends the accrual of interest on loans (i) that are maintained on a cash basis because of the deterioration of the financial condition of the borrower, (ii) for which payment in full of principal or interest is not expected (impaired loans), or (iii) on which principal or interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more, unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Under the Company’s cost recovery method, interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accruing status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and concern no longer exists as to the future collectability of principal and interest, which is generally confirmed when the loan demonstrates performance for six consecutive months or payment cycles.
Restructured loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty, and on which the Company has granted concessions that modify the terms of the loan, are accounted for as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). These loans remain as TDRs until the loan has been paid in full, modified to its original terms, or charged off. The Company may place these loans on accrual or nonaccrual status depending on the individual facts and circumstances of the borrower. Generally, these loans are put on nonaccrual status until there is adequate performance that evidences the ability of the borrower to make the contractual payments. This period of performance is normally at least six months, and may include performance immediately prior to or after the modification, depending on the specific facts and circumstances of the borrower.
Loan Charge-offs
Loan Charge-offs
The Company charges off loan balances, in whole or in part to net realizable value or fair value less costs to sell, when available, verifiable, and documentable information confirms that specific loans, or portions of specific loans, are uncollectible or unrecoverable. For unsecured loans, losses are confirmed when it can be determined that the borrower, or any guarantors, are unwilling or unable to pay the amounts as agreed. When the borrower, or any guarantor, is unwilling or unable to pay the amounts as agreed on a loan secured by collateral and any recovery will be realized upon the sale of the collateral, the loan is deemed to be collateral dependent. Repayments or recoveries for collateral dependent loans are directly affected by the value of the collateral at liquidation. As such, loan repayment can be affected by factors that influence the amount recoverable, the timing of the recovery, or a combination of the two. Such factors include economic conditions that affect the markets in which the loan or its collateral is sold, bankruptcy, repossession and foreclosure laws, and consumer banking regulations. Losses are also confirmed when the loan, or a portion of the loan, is classified as loss resulting from loan reviews conducted by the Company or its bank regulatory examiners.
Charge-offs of loans in the commercial loan segment are recognized when the uncollectibility of the loan balance and the inability to recover sufficient value from the sale of any collateral securing the loan is confirmed. The uncollectibility of the loan balance is evidenced by the inability of the commercial borrower to generate cash flows sufficient to repay the loan as agreed causing the loan to become delinquent. For collateral dependent commercial loans, the Company determines the net realizable value of the collateral based on appraisals, current market conditions, and estimated costs to sell the collateral. For collateral dependent commercial loans where the loan balance, including any accrued interest, net deferred fees or costs, and unamortized premiums or discounts, exceeds the net realizable value of the collateral securing the loan, the deficiency is identified as unrecoverable, is deemed to be a confirmed loss, and is charged off.
Charge-offs of loans in the retail consumer loan segment are generally confirmed and recognized in a manner similar to charge-offs of loans in the commercial loan segment. Secured retail consumer loans that are identified as uncollectible and are deemed to be collateral dependent are confirmed as loss to the extent the net realizable value of the collateral is insufficient to recover the loan balance. Consumer loans not secured by real estate that become 90 days past due are charged off to the extent that the fair value of any collateral, less estimated costs to sell the collateral, is insufficient to recover the loan balance. Consumer loans secured by real estate that become 120 days past due are charged off to the extent that the fair value of the real estate securing the loan, less estimated costs to sell the collateral, is insufficient to recover the loan balance. Loans to borrowers in bankruptcy are subject to modification by the bankruptcy court and are charged off to the extent that the fair value of any collateral securing the loan, less estimated costs to sell the collateral, is insufficient to recover the loan balance, unless the Company expects repayment is likely to occur. Such loans are charged off within 60 days of the receipt of notification from a bankruptcy court or when the loans become 120 days past due, whichever is shorter.
Real Estate Owned
Real Estate Owned
REO consists of real estate acquired as a result of customers’ loan defaults. REO is stated at the fair value of the property net of the estimated costs of disposal with a charge to the allowance for loan losses upon foreclosure, if necessary. Any write-downs subsequent to foreclosure are charged against operating earnings. To the extent recoverable, costs relating to the development and improvement of property are capitalized, whereas those costs relating to holding the property are charged to expense.
Premises and Equipment
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lives of the respective leases or the estimated useful life of the leasehold improvement, whichever is less. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized leases are amortized using the same methods as premises and equipment over the estimated useful lives or lease terms, whichever is less. Obligations under capital leases are amortized using the interest method to allocate payments between principal reduction and interest expense.
Other Investments, at cost
Other Investments, At Cost
As a requirement for membership, the Bank invests in stock of the FHLB of Atlanta and the FRB. These investments are carried at cost due to the redemption provisions of these entities and the restricted nature of the securities. SBICs are considered equity securities without a readily determinable fair value. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, SBICs were maintained in other assets. Beginning July 1, 2018, the SBIC investments are accounted for at cost less impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes. Management reviews the investments for impairment based on the ultimate recoverability of their cost basis.
Business Combinations
Business Combinations
The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations. An acquirer must be identified for each business combination, and the acquisition date is the date the acquirer achieves control. The acquisition method of accounting requires the Company as acquirer to recognize the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as recognize goodwill or a gain from a bargain purchase, if appropriate. Any acquisition-related costs and restructuring costs are recognized as period expenses as incurred.
Goodwill
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the sum of the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less the estimated fair value of the liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill has an indefinite useful life and is evaluated for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value.
In testing goodwill for impairment, we have the option to assess either qualitative or quantitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we elect to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, we are then required to perform a quantitative impairment test, otherwise no further analysis is required.
Under the quantitative impairment test, the evaluation involves comparing the current fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If the carrying value exceeds estimated fair value an impairment charge is recognized for the difference, but limited by the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The Company uses a combination of the market and income approaches to estimate the fair value of its reporting unit when the quantitative impairment approach is chosen or required. All inputs are evaluated by management at the evaluation date of April 1st and reviewed again each reporting period for triggering events to ensure no significant changes occurred that could indicate impairment. Subsequent reversal of goodwill impairment losses is not permitted.
Core Deposit Intangibles
Core Deposit Intangibles
Core deposit intangibles represent the estimated value of long-term deposit relationships acquired in business combinations. These core deposit premiums are amortized using an accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the related deposits typically between five and ten years. The estimated useful lives are periodically reviewed for reasonableness.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced, if necessary, by the amount of such benefits that are not expected to be realized based upon available evidence. See Note 13 for additional information.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued relative to unrecognized tax benefits in its respective federal or state income taxes accounts.
Employee Benefit Plans
Employee Benefit Plans
The KSOP is comprised of two components, the 401(k) Plan and the ESOP. The KSOP benefits employees with at least 1000 hours of service during a 12-month period and who have attained age 21.
Under the 401(k), the Company matches employee contributions at 50% of employee deferrals up to 6% of each employee’s compensation. The Company may also make discretionary profit sharing contributions for the benefit of all eligible participants as long as total contributions do not exceed applicable limitations. Employees become fully vested in the Company’s contributions after six years of service.
Under the ESOP, the amount of the Bank's annual contribution is discretionary, however it must be sufficient to pay the annual loan payment to the Company. Shares released are allocated to each eligible participant based on the ratio of each participant’s compensation, as defined in the ESOP, to the total compensation of all eligible plan participants. Forfeited shares are reallocated among other participants in the Plan. At the discretion of the Bank, cash dividends, when paid on allocated shares, are distributed to participants’ accounts, paid in cash to the participants, or used to repay the principal and interest on the ESOP loan used to acquire Company stock on which dividends were paid. Cash dividends on unallocated shares are used to repay the outstanding debt of the ESOP. It is anticipated that the Bank will make contributions to the ESOP in amounts necessary to amortize the ESOP loan payable to the Company over a 20-year period. Unearned ESOP shares are shown as a reduction of stockholders’ equity. The Company recognizes compensation expense equal to the fair value of the Company’s ESOP shares during the periods in which they become committed to be released. To the extent that the fair value of the Company’s ESOP shares differs from the cost of such shares, the differential is recognized as additional paid in capital. The Company recognizes a tax deduction equal to the cost of the shares released. Because the ESOP is internally leveraged through a loan from the Company to the ESOP, the loan receivable by the Company from the ESOP is not reported as an asset nor is the debt of the ESOP shown as a liability in the consolidated financial statements.
Equity Incentive Plan
Equity Incentive Plan
The Company issues restricted stock, restricted stock units, and stock options under the HomeTrust Bancshares, Inc. 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan”) to key officers and outside directors. In accordance with the requirements of the FASB ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, the Company has adopted a fair value based method of accounting for employee stock compensation plans, whereby compensation cost is measured based on the fair value of the award as of the grant date and recognized over the vesting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income consists of net income and net unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale and is presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Derivative Instruments and Hedging
The Company recognizes all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet, and measures those instruments at fair value. Changes in the fair value of those derivatives are reported in current earnings or other comprehensive income depending on the purpose for which the derivative is held and whether the derivative qualifies for hedge accounting. Loan commitments related to the origination or acquisition of mortgage loans that will be held for sale must be accounted for as derivative instruments. The Company enters into commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (rate lock commitments). The Company also enters into forward sales commitments for the mortgage loans underlying the rate lock commitments. The fair values of these two derivative financial instruments are collectively insignificant to the consolidated financial statements.
Net Income Per Share
Net Income Per Share
Per the provisions of ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, basic EPS are computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the year, less the average number of nonvested restricted stock awards. Diluted EPS reflect the potential dilution from the issuance of additional shares of common stock caused by the exercise of stock options and restricted stock awards. In addition, nonvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are considered participating securities and are included in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating security according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings. ESOP shares are considered outstanding for basic and diluted EPS when the shares are committed to be released.
Net income is allocated between the common stock and participating securities pursuant to the two-class method, based on their rights to receive dividends, participate in earnings, or absorb losses. See Note 16 for further discussion on the Company’s EPS.
Lessee Accounting
Adoption of Lease Accounting Standard
On July 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842”), and subsequent related ASUs. The new leasing standard modifies the accounting, presentation, and disclosures for both lessees and lessors. The Company elected the modified retrospective transition option which allows for application of the Topic 842 guidance at the adoption date. Therefore, comparative prior period financial information was not adjusted and will continue to be reported under the previous accounting guidance of ASC 840, Leases (ASC 840). No cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of July 1, 2019 was necessary as a result of adopting the new standard. The Company elected the “package of practical expedients” permitted under the transition guidance which allows the Company not to reassess its prior conclusions regarding lease identification, classification of existing leases, and treatment of initial direct costs on existing leases. Any lease arrangements and significant modifications entered into subsequent to the adoption date are accounted for in accordance with the new standard.
Lessee Topic 842 Accounting
The new leasing standard requires recognition of operating leases on the consolidated balance sheets as ROU assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets represent our right to use underlying assets for the lease terms and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the leases. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. We use our estimated incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments for operating leases and the implicit rate in the lease for our one finance lease.
For operating leases, the Company recognized lease liabilities, with corresponding ROU assets, based on the present value of unpaid lease payments for existing operating leases longer than twelve months as of July 1, 2019. The ROU assets were adjusted per Topic 842 transition guidance for existing lease-related balances of accrued and prepaid rent, and unamortized lease incentives provided by lessors. As a result, the Company recognized ROU assets of approximately $5,300 in other assets and corresponding lease liabilities of approximately $5,300 in other liabilities as of July 1, 2019. The July 1, 2019 incremental borrowing rates determined on a collateralized basis for the remaining lease terms were utilized when determining the present value of lease payments at the date of initial adoption.
For our finance lease, the Company leases land for one of its retail locations. Upon adoption of Topic 842, the Company reclassed $2,100 from land to ROU assets in other assets. In addition, the corresponding liability of $1,900, which was disclosed separately on the balance sheet was reclassified to other liabilities.
The Company elected the lessee practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components. The Company also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term less than 12 months.
Operating lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is recorded in net occupancy expense. Variable lease payments for common area maintenance, property taxes and other operating expenses are recognized as expense in the period when the changes in facts and circumstances on which the variable lease payments are based occur.
Finance lease cost is recognized as a single lease cost using the effective interest method and is recorded in net occupancy expense.
Lessee Accounting Prior to Adoption of Topic 842
Prior to the adoption of ASC 842, the Company applied the guidance of ASC 840. Under ASC 840, operating lease arrangements were off-balance sheet and ROU assets and lease liabilities were not recognized. Operating lease rent expense was recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and recorded in net occupancy expense. Common area maintenance, property taxes, and other operating expenses related to leased premises were also recognized in net occupancy expenses, consistent with similar costs for owned locations.
Lessor Accounting
Lessor Topic 842 Accounting
Prior to the adoption of Topic 842, we determined the lease classification at commencement date. Leases not classified as sales-type or direct financing leases are classified as operating leases. The primary accounting criteria we use for  lease classification are (i) review to determine if the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term, (ii) review to determine if the lease grants the lessee a purchase option that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, (iii) determine if the lease term is for a major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset and (iv) determine if the present value of the sum of the lease payments and any residual value guarantees equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset. We do not lease equipment of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term.
The Company elected a lessor accounting policy to exclude from revenue and expenses sales taxes and other similar taxes assessed by a governmental authority on lease revenue-producing transactions and collected by the lessor from a lessee.
Operating Leases - Assets leased under an operating lease are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. These assets are depreciated to their estimated residual value using the straight-line method over the lesser of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Assets received at the end of the lease, which are intended to be sold, are marked to the lower of cost or fair value less selling costs with the adjustment recorded in other noninterest income.
At the inception of each operating lease, we record a residual value for the leased equipment based on our estimate of the future value of the equipment at the end of the lease term or end of the equipment’s estimated useful life as indicated by industry data. Operating leases have higher risk because a smaller percentage of the equipment's value is covered by contractual cash flows over the term of the lease. If the market value of leased equipment under operating leases decreases at a rate greater than we projected, whether due to rapid technological or economic obsolescence, unusual wear and tear on the equipment, excessive use of the equipment, recession or other adverse economic conditions, or other factors, it could adversely affect the current values or the residual values of such equipment. The Company seeks to mitigate these risks by maintaining a relatively young fleet of leased assets with wide operator bases, which can facilitate attractive lease and utilization rates. The Company manages and evaluates residual values by performing periodic reviews of estimated residual values and monitoring levels of residual realizations. A change in estimated operating lease residual values would result in a change in future depreciation expense. Any impairments are recognized at the time a change is identified.
Rental revenue on operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in other noninterest income.
Finance Leases - The Company’s finance leases are classified as direct financing leases under ASC 842. The Company’s finance lease activity primarily relates to leasing of new equipment with the equipment purchase price equal to fair value and therefore there is no selling profit or loss at lease commencement. When there is no selling profit or loss, initial direct costs are deferred at the commencement date and included in the measurement of the net investment in the lease.  
A lease receivable is recorded for finance leases at present value discounted using the rate implicit in the lease. The lease receivable includes lease payments not yet paid and the guarantee of the residual value by the lessee or unrelated third party, as applicable. Interest income is recognized over the lease term at a constant periodic discount rate on the remaining balance of the lease net investment using the rate implicit in the lease. After the commencement date, lease payments collected are applied to reduce net investment and recognize interest income.
The recognition of interest income is suspended, and an account is placed on non-accrual status when, in the opinion of management, full collection of all principal and interest due is doubtful. All future interest income accruals, as well as amortization of deferred fees, costs, and purchase premiums or discounts are suspended. Subsequent lease payments received are applied to the outstanding net investment balance until such time as the account is collected, charged-off or returned to accrual status. Finance leases that are nonaccrual do not accrue interest income; however, payments designated by the borrower as interest payments may be recorded as interest income. To qualify for this treatment, the remaining recorded investment in the lease must be deemed fully collectible.
The recognition of interest income on finance leases is suspended, and all previously accrued but uncollected revenue is reversed, when lease payments are contractually delinquent for 90 days or more. Accounts, including accounts that have been modified, are returned to accrual status when, in the opinion of management, collection of remaining lease receivables are reasonably assured, and there is a sustained period of repayment performance, generally for a minimum of six months.
Certain finance leases also have residual values at the inception of the lease which are based on our estimate of the future value of the equipment at the end of the lease term or end of the equipment’s estimated useful life as indicated by industry data. Finance leases bear the least risk because contractual payments usually cover approximately 90% of the equipment's cost at the inception of the lease. A change in estimated finance lease residual values during the lease term may impact the loss allowance as a decrease in the residual value may cause an impairment to be recorded on the finance lease.
Lessor Accounting Prior to Adoption of Topic 842
Lessor accounting was not fundamentally changed by Topic 842 and remains similar to the prior accounting model, with updates to align with certain changes to the lessee model (e.g., certain definitions, such as initial direct costs, have been updated) and the new revenue recognition standard. The new rules did not have a significant impact on our classification of leases as finance or operating. The new lease guidance has a narrower definition of initial direct costs that may be capitalized and allocated internal costs and professional fees to negotiate and arrange the lease agreement that would have been incurred regardless of lease execution no longer qualify as initial direct cost.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." The ASU significantly changes the impairment model for most financial assets that are measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments from an incurred loss model to an expected loss model. This ASU is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for all entities beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has not early adopted. The Company has selected a third-party vendor to provide ongoing support under the new methodology to apply vendor credit models to its portfolios. The Company has evaluated the impact of the current expected credit loss methodology to identify the necessary modifications in accordance with this standard which will require a change in the processes and procedures to calculate the allowance for loan losses, including changes in assumptions and estimates to consider expected credit losses over the life of the loan versus the current incurred loss methodology. Management does not expect the standard to have a material impact on its commercial paper and investment securities portfolios at adoption. Management has determined that peer loss experience provides the best basis for its assessment of expected credit losses to determine its allowance and has run parallel model results in preparation for adopting the new standard on July 1, 2020. Management continues to finalize documentation on the methodologies utilized as well as the controls, processes, policies, and disclosures. The Company will recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening retained earnings as of the adoption date. Management currently estimates the allowance for credit losses will be in a range of $42,000 to $48,000, increasing the allowance by approximately $14,000 to $20,000. Management also currently estimates a liability for unfunded commitments in a range of $1,500 to $3,000. The estimated decline in equity, net of tax, will range from $12,000 to $18,000. The actual impact will depend on a number of internal and external factors including: outstanding balances, characteristics of our loan and securities portfolios, macroeconomic conditions, forecast information, and management's judgment. Additionally, adoption of the new ASU could result in higher volatility in our quarterly credit loss provision than the current reserve process and could adversely impact the Company's ongoing earnings.
In August 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities." This ASU improves the transparency and understandability of disclosures in the financial statements regarding the entities risk management activities and reduces the complexity of hedge accounting. The amendments in this ASU permit hedge accounting for hedging relationships involving nonfinancial risk and interest rate risk by removing certain limitations in cash flow and fair value hedging relationships. In addition, the ASU requires an entity to present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this ASU on July 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement." The amendments in this ASU removes, modifies, and adds certain disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements in ASC 820. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU No. 2018-13 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, "Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses." This update clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Instead, impairment of receivables arising from operating leases should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 842, Leases. The effective date and transition requirements for this ASU are the same as ASU 2016-13. The adoption of ASU No. 2018-19 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In December 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-20, "Leases (Topic 842): Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors." The amendments in this update permit lessors, as an accounting policy election, to not evaluate whether certain sales taxes and other similar taxes are lessor costs or lessee costs. Instead, those lessors will account for those costs as if they are lessee costs. A lessor making this election will exclude from the consideration in the contract and from variable payments not included in the consideration in the contract all collections from lessees of taxes within the scope of the election and will provide certain disclosures. For certain lessor costs, the lessor must exclude from variable payments, and therefore revenue, lessor costs paid by lessees directly to third parties from variable payments. In addition, the lessor must account for costs excluded from the consideration of a contract that are paid by the lessor and reimbursed by the lessee as variable payments. A lessor will record those reimbursed costs as revenue. The amendments in this ASU related to recognizing variable payments for contracts with lease and nonlease components require lessors to allocate (rather than recognize as currently required) certain variable payments to the lease and nonlease components when the changes in facts and circumstances on which the variable payment is based occur. After the allocation, the amount of variable payments allocated to the lease components will be recognized as income in profit or loss in accordance with Topic 842, while the amount of variable payments allocated to nonlease components will be recognized in accordance with other Topics, such as Topic 606. The Company adopted this ASU on July 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, "Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements." The amendments in this update include the following items: i) determining the fair value of the underlying asset by lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers; ii) requiring cash received from lessors from sales-type and direct financing leases to be presented in the cash flow statement within investing activities; and iii) clarifying interim disclosure requirements. The Company adopted this ASU on July 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, "Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments." The amendments in this update are part of the FASB's ongoing project to improve codification and correcting unintended application. The items within this ASU are not expected to have significant effect on current accounting practice. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments to Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-01) are effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments to Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (ASU 2016-13) are the same as ASU 2016-13 noted above. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments to Derivatives and Hedging (ASU 2017-12) are the same as ASU 2017-12 noted above.The adoption of ASU No. 2019-04 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief." The amendments in this update allow companies to irrevocably elect, upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the fair value option for financial instruments that i) were previously recorded at amortized cost and ii) are within the scope of the credit losses guidance in ASC 326-20, iii) are eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10, and iv) are not held-to-maturity debt securities. The effective date and transition requirements for this ASU is the same as ASU 2016-13. The adoption of ASU No. 2019-05 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In July 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-07, "Codification Updates to SEC Sections." This ASU amends certain paragraphs in the ASC to reflect the issuance of SEC final rules on Disclosure Update and Simplification and Investment Company Reporting Modernization and other miscellaneous updates. The amendments became effective upon issuance. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, "Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses." This ASU clarifies certain aspects of the amendments in ASU 2016-13 and is part of the FASB's ongoing project to improve codification and correcting unintended application. The items within this ASU are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice. The effective date and transition requirements for this ASU is the same as ASU 2016-13. The adoption of ASU No. 2019-11 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes." This ASU is part of the FASB's simplification initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standards. The items within this ASU are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice. The effective date and transition requirements for the first and second items of this ASU are effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU No. 2019-12 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, "Investment—Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815." This ASU clarified the interaction of the accounting for equity securities under Topic 321 and investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting in Topic 323 and the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options accounted for under Topic 815. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU No. 2020-01 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-03, "Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments." This ASU makes certain narrow-scope amendments to the following: i) clarified that all entities are required to provide fair value option disclosures; ii) clarified the applicability of the portfolio exception in ASC 820 to nonfinancial items; iii) aligned disclosures for depository and lending institutions (Topic 942) with guidance in Topic 320; iv) added cross-references to guidance in ASC 470-50 on line-of-credit or revolving-debt arrangements; v) added cross-references to net asset value practical expedient in ASC 820-10; vi) clarified the interaction between ASC 842 and ASC 326; and vii) clarified the interaction between ASC 326 and ASC 860-20. The amendments for issues i, ii, iv, and v became effective upon issuance and did not have a material effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. The amendment related to issue iii has the same effective date and transition requirements as ASU 2019-04 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. The amendments related to issues vi and vii have the same effective date and transition requirements as ASU 2016-13 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.