Restructuring Restructuring (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring and Related Costs

The summary below presents restructuring expense, pre-tax, by type of costs incurred, for the periods indicated:

	Year Ended December 31,		Cumulative Amounts Incurred to Date
	2017
Severance benefits	$	34	$	60
Asset write-off costs	16		16
Transition costs	17		17
Other costs	15		23
Total restructuring expense	$	82	$	116

Schedule of Restructuring Reserve by Type of Cost

The following table presents the accrued liability associated with restructuring expenses as of December 31, 2017:

	Severance Benefits			Transition Costs		Other Costs				Total
Accrued liability as of January 1, 2017	$	21		$	—	$	2			$	23
Provision	39			17		15				71
Payments	(25		)	—		(14		)		(39		)
Other adjustments(1)	(5		)	—		—				(5		)
Accrued liability as of December 31, 2017	$	30		$	17	$	3		(2)	$	50

⁽¹⁾ Represents net write-downs of accruals, not associated with payments.

⁽²⁾ Represents services performed but not yet paid.