Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cloudera, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries which are located in various countries, including the United States, Australia, China, India, Germany, Ireland, The Netherlands, Singapore, Hungary and the United Kingdom. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP).

Fiscal Year

Our fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2020, for example, refers to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items subject to such estimates include the useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, allowance for doubtful accounts, stock-based compensation expense, bonus attainment, self-insurance costs incurred, the fair value and useful lives of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed resulting from business combinations, the evaluation for impairment of intangible assets and goodwill, estimated period of benefit for deferred contract costs, estimates related to our revenue recognition such as, the assessment of elements in a multi-element arrangement and the valuation assigned to each element and contingencies, and the incremental borrowing rate used in discounting of our lease liabilities. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management regularly evaluates its estimates and assumptions using historical experience and other factors; however, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates.

Segments

We operate as two operating segments – subscription and services. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, who is our chief executive officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.

In January 2019, we completed our merger with Hortonworks. The combined company operates under the Cloudera name. We have integrated Hortonworks into our ongoing business operations and our chief operating

decision maker evaluates our financial information and resources and assesses the performance of these resources on a consolidated basis. Our consolidated financial statements for the year ended and as of January 31, 2019 include the impact of the Hortonworks merger, and our results of operations for the year ended January 31, 2020 reflect the results of operations of the combined entity.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is generally the local currency. The gains and losses resulting from translating our foreign subsidiaries’ financial statements into U.S. dollars have been reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated balance sheet. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Equity is translated at the historical rates from the original transaction period. Revenue and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the period. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expense), net on the statement of operations.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. Restricted cash represents cash on deposit with financial institutions in support of letters of credit outstanding in favor of certain landlords for office space.

Cash as reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows includes the aggregate amounts of cash and cash equivalents and the restricted cash as shown on the consolidated balance sheets. Cash as reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows consists of the following (in thousands):

	As of January 31,
	2020		2019		2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	107,638	$	158,672	$	43,247
Restricted cash (1)	3,352		3,367		18,052
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	110,990	$	162,039	$	61,299

(1) The restricted cash balance as of January 31, 2019 decreased to $3.4 million from $18.1 million as of January 31, 2018 as a result of the removal of restrictions on letter of credit funds.

Marketable Securities

We have investments in various marketable securities which are classified as available for sale. We determine the appropriate classification of marketable securities at the time of purchase and reevaluate such determination at each balance sheet date. The investments are adjusted for amortization of premiums and discounts to maturity and such amortization is included in interest income, net on the statement of operations. Changes in market value considered to be temporary are recorded as unrealized gains or losses in other comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other than temporary on available-for-sale securities are included in other income (expense), net on the statement of operations. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, restricted cash and accounts receivable. Our cash is deposited with high credit quality financial institutions. At times such deposits may be in excess of the Federal Depository Insurance Corporation insured limits. We have not experienced any losses on these deposits.

As of January 31, 2020 and 2019, no single customer represented more than 10% of accounts receivable. For the years ended January 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of revenue.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount. We generally do not require collateral and estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts based on the age of outstanding receivables, historical experience, customer creditworthiness and existing economic conditions. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that specific receivable balances may be impaired, further consideration is given to the collectability of those balances and an allowance is recorded accordingly. Past-due receivable balances are written off when internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful in collecting the amount due. As of January 31, 2020 and 2019, allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts were not significant for any of the periods presented.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment is calculated using a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Maintenance and repairs that do not extend the life or improve the asset are expensed when incurred.

The estimated useful lives of our assets are as follows:

Computer software	2 years
Computer equipment	2-3 years
Furniture and office equipment	3 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of remaining lease term or estimated useful life

We review property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the total of estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than its carrying amount. Impairment, if any, would be assessed using discounted cash flows or other appropriate measures of fair value. There was no impairment of property and equipment during the years ended January 31, 2020, 2019 or 2018.

Leases

As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), we have also made changes to our accounting policies with respect to leases. At the inception of a contract, we determine whether the contract is or contains a lease. All leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities. We have elected the short-term leases practical expedient which allows any leases with a term of 12 months or less to be considered short-term and thus will not have a lease liability or ROU asset recognized on the balance sheet.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, which we do not include in our minimum lease terms unless the options are reasonably certain to be exercised. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components which we have elected to account for as a single lease component. On the lease commencement date, we establish assets and liabilities for the present value of

estimated future costs to retire long-lived assets at the termination or expiration of a lease. Such assets are depreciated over the lease term to operating expense.

Additionally, we have entered into subleases for unoccupied leased office space. Any impairments to the ROU asset, leasehold improvements or other assets as a result of a sublease are recognized as an operating expense in the period the sublease is executed. Any sublease payments received in excess of the straight-line rent payments for the sublease are recorded as an offset to operating expenses and recognized over the sublease life.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of purchase consideration in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill amounts are not amortized, but rather tested for impairment at least annually or more often if circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives. Each period we evaluate the estimated remaining useful life of our intangible assets and whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization.

We evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets, including intangible assets, for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of each asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. If the undiscounted cash flows used in the test for recoverability are less than the carrying amount of these assets, then the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value.

There were no impairments of goodwill or intangible assets during the years ended January 31, 2020, 2019 or 2018.

Business Combinations

We use our best estimates and assumptions to assign fair value to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition or merger date. Such estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. We continue to collect information and reevaluate these estimates and assumptions and record any adjustments to the preliminary estimates to goodwill provided that we are within the measurement period. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations.

Capitalized Software Costs

Capitalization of software development costs for products to be sold to third parties begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility and ceases when the product is available for general release. There is generally no significant passage of time between achievement of technological feasibility and the availability of our software for general release, and the majority of our software is open-source. Therefore, we have not capitalized any software costs through January 31, 2020. All software development costs have been charged to research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations as incurred.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss represents the net loss for the period plus the results of certain changes to stockholders’ equity (deficit) that are not reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue from subscriptions and services. Subscription revenue relates to term (or time-based) subscription agreements for both open source and propriety software including support. Subscription arrangements are typically one to three years in length but may be up to seven years in limited cases. Arrangements with our

customers typically do not include general right of returns. Services revenue relates to professional services for the implementation and use of our subscriptions, machine learning expertise and consultation, training and education services and related reimbursable travel costs.

We price our subscription offerings based on the number of servers in a cluster, or nodes, core or edge devices, data under management and/or the scope of support provided. Our consulting services are priced primarily on a time and materials basis, and to a lesser extent, a fixed fee basis, and training services are generally priced based on attendance.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps, which are described in more detail below:

•Identification of the contract or contracts with a customer

•Identification of the performance obligation(s) in the contract

•Determination of the transaction price

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract

•Recognition of revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied

Our agreements with customers often include multiple subscriptions and/or professional services elements, and these elements are sometimes included in separate contracts. We consider an entire customer arrangement to determine if separate contracts entered into at or near the same time should be considered combined for the purposes of revenue recognition. We work with partners in various capacities whereby we are typically responsible for providing the actual product or service as a principal.

At contract inception, we assess the subscription and services product offerings or bundle of product offerings in our contracts to identify performance obligations that are distinct. A performance obligation is distinct when it is separately identifiable from other items in a bundled package and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. To identify our performance obligations, we consider all of the product offerings promised in the contract. We have concluded that our contracts with customers do not contain warranties that give rise to a separate performance obligation.

The transaction price is the total amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the product offerings in a contract. Sales, value-added and other taxes we collect from customers concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. In the instance where our contracts with customers contain variable consideration, we estimate variable consideration primarily using the expected value method.

Once we have determined the transaction price, the total transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation in a manner depicting the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring the product(s) or service(s) to the customer (allocation objective). If the allocation objective is met at contractual prices, no allocations are performed. Otherwise, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract on a relative stand-alone selling price basis.

In order to determine the stand-alone selling price, we conduct a periodic analysis that requires judgment and considers multiple factors that are reasonably available and maximizes the use of observable inputs that may vary over time depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each performance obligation. To have observable inputs, we require that a substantial majority of the stand-alone selling prices for a product offering fall within a pricing range. If a directly observable stand-alone selling price does not exist, we estimate a stand-alone selling price range by reviewing external and internal market factor categories, which may include pricing practices, historical discounting, industry practices, service groups and geographic considerations. There is also no hierarchy for how to estimate or otherwise determine the stand-alone selling price for product offerings that are not sold separately, however, we maximize the use of observable data. We believe that this analysis results in an estimate that approximates the price we would charge for the product offerings if they were sold separately.

The following describes the nature of our primary types of revenue and the revenue recognition policies and significant payment terms as they pertain to the types of transactions we enter into with our customers.

Subscription revenue

Subscription revenue relates to term (or time-based) subscriptions to our platform, which includes both open source and proprietary software and related support. Subscriptions include internet, email and phone support, bug fixes, and the right to receive unspecified software updates and upgrades released when and if available during the subscription term. Revenue for subscription arrangements is recognized ratably beginning on the later of the date access is made available to the customer or the start of the contractual term of the arrangement. Subscription revenue also includes revenue related to functional intellectual property that is generally recognized on the date access is made available to the customer.

As part of a subscription, we stand ready to help customers resolve technical issues related to the installed platform. The subscriptions are designed to assist throughout a customer’s lifecycle from development to proof-of-concept, to quality assurance and testing, to production and development. Subscription is generally offered under renewable, fixed fee contracts where payments are typically due annually in advance and may have a term of one year or multiple years. The contracts generally do not contain refund provisions for fees earned related to services performed. A subscription is viewed as a stand-ready performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct days of service that is satisfied ratably over time as the services are provided. A time-elapsed output method is used to measure progress because our efforts are expended evenly throughout the period given the nature of the promise is a stand-ready service. Unearned subscription revenue is included in deferred revenue and other contract liabilities. On occasion, we may sell engineering services and/or a premium subscription agreement that provides a customer with development input and the opportunity to work more closely with our developers.

Services revenue

Services revenue is derived primarily from customer fees for consulting services engagements and education services. Our professional services are provided primarily on a time and materials basis and, to a lesser extent, a fixed fee basis, and education services are generally priced based on attendance. Time and material contracts are generally invoiced based upon hours incurred on a monthly basis and fixed fee contracts may be invoiced up-front or as milestones are achieved throughout the project. Services revenue is typically recognized over time as the services are rendered. Depending on the nature of the professional services engagement (e.g., time and materials basis, fixed fee basis, etc.), various measures of progress may be used to recognize revenue. These measures of progress include recognizing revenue in an amount equal to and at the time of invoicing, a measure of time incurred relative to remaining hours expected to be delivered, or other similar measures. These measures depict our efforts to satisfy services contracts and therefore reflect the transfer of control for the services to a customer.

Contract Assets

Contract assets consist of the right to consideration in exchange for product offerings that we have transferred to a customer when that right is conditional on something other than the passage of time (e.g., performance prior to invoicing on fixed fee service arrangements with substantive acceptance terms). We record unbilled accounts receivable related to revenue recognized in excess of amounts invoiced as we have an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment in the future related to those fulfilled obligations. When we have unconditional rights to consideration, except for the passage of time, a receivable are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. We do not typically include extended payment terms in our contracts with customers.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities represent an obligation to transfer product offerings for which we have received consideration, or for which an amount of consideration is due from the customer (e.g., subscription arrangements where consideration is paid annually in advance). Contract liabilities are comprised of short-term and long-term deferred revenue and other contract liabilities. Deferred revenue consists of amounts invoiced to customers but not yet recognized as revenue. Our contract balances are reported as net contract assets or liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

Contract Costs

Contract costs, consisting primarily of sales commissions and payroll taxes, that are incremental to obtaining a subscription contract with a customer are capitalized and recorded as deferred costs. We expect to recover deferred contract costs over the period of benefit from the underlying contracts. The amortization period for recovery is consistent with the timing of transfer to the customer of services to which the capitalized costs relate. Contract costs that relate to an underlying transaction are expensed commensurate with the recognition of revenue as performance obligations are satisfied. Contract costs that are incurred in excess of those relating to an underlying transaction are not considered commensurate with recognition of revenue as performance obligations are satisfied, and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected benefit period of five years. Commissions for services are treated as a separate class with a contract duration of less than a year and are expensed as incurred. Contract costs were $90.0 million and $69.0 million as of January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the years ended January 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, amortization expense for the contract costs were $47.6 million, $30.6 million and $23.3 million, respectively, and there was no impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized. We do not incur direct fulfillment-related costs of a nature required to be capitalized and amortized.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue for subscriptions and services is expensed as incurred. Cost of revenue for subscriptions primarily consists of personnel costs such as salaries, bonuses and benefits and stock-based compensation for employees providing technical support for our subscription customers, allocated shared costs (including rent and information technology) and amortization of certain acquired intangible assets. Cost of revenue for services primarily consists of personnel costs for employees and subcontractors associated with service contracts, travel costs and allocated shared costs.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and primarily include personnel costs, contractor fees, allocated shared costs, supplies, and depreciation of equipment associated with the development of new features for our subscriptions prior to the establishment of their technological feasibility.

Advertising Expenses

Advertising is expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $15.4 million, $6.9 million, and $6.4 million for the years ended January 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based payments. Employee stock-based compensation cost is estimated at the grant date based on the fair value of the equity for financial reporting purposes and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. Prior to our IPO, the fair value of our common stock for financial reporting purposes was determined considering objective and subjective factors and required judgment to determine the fair value of common stock for financial reporting purposes as of the date of each equity grant or modification.

We calculate the fair value of options and purchase rights granted under the ESPP based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of various assumptions including expected term and expected stock price volatility. We estimate the expected term for stock options using the simplified method due to the lack of historical exercise activity. The simplified method calculates the expected term as the midpoint between the vesting date and the contractual expiration date of the award. The expected term for the ESPP purchase rights is estimated using the offering period, which is typically six months. We estimate volatility for options and ESPP purchase rights using volatilities of a group of public companies in a similar industry, stage of life cycle, and size. The interest rate is derived from government bonds with a similar term to the option or ESPP purchase right granted. We have not declared nor do we expect to declare dividends. Therefore, there is no dividend impact on the valuation of options or ESPP purchase rights. We use the straight-line method for employee expense attribution for stock options and ESPP purchase rights.

We have granted RSUs to our employees and members of our board of directors under our 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (2008 Plan) and our 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (2017 Plan). RSUs granted generally vest upon the satisfaction of a service-based vesting condition only, which is typically satisfied pro-rata over a period of three to four years.

In fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, stock-based compensation expense was recorded based on awards that were ultimately expected to vest, and such expense was reduced for forfeitures as they occurred. In fiscal 2017, stock-based compensation expense was recorded based on awards that were ultimately expected to vest, and such expense was reduced for estimated forfeitures. When estimating forfeitures, we considered voluntary termination behaviors as the trend in actual option forfeitures.

We estimate the fair value of options and other equity awards granted to non-employees using the Black-Scholes method. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established when, in management’s estimate, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Any liability related to uncertain tax positions is recorded on the financial statements within other liabilities. Penalties and interest expense related to income taxes, including uncertain tax positions, are classified as a component of provision for income taxes, as necessary.

Net Loss Per Share

We follow the two-class method when computing net loss per common share as we issue shares that meet the definition of participating securities. The two-class method determines net income (loss) per common share for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common stock and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. Prior to the automatic conversion into shares of common stock as a result of our IPO, our redeemable convertible preferred stock contractually entitled the holders of such shares to participate in dividends, but did not contractually require the holders of such shares to participate in our losses. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share in all periods, because potentially dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive.

Commitments and Contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been or will be incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

We adopted the following accounting standards in the first quarter of fiscal 2020:

•ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718)

•ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The adoption of the above listed accounting standards did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended January 31, 2020.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We have early adopted this standard in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 for our year ended January 31, 2020. The adoption of the new accounting standard had no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended, which requires lessees to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding ROU assets on the balance sheet and to provide enhanced disclosures surrounding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leasing arrangements. We adopted the new standard on February 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application and not restating comparative periods. Under this transition method, the application date of the new standard begins in the reporting period in which we have adopted the standard. We have elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed us not to reassess (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (3) the accounting for any initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. We have also elected the short-term lease exception and will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for qualifying leases (leases with a term of less than 12 months from lease commencement).

As a result of the adoption of Topic 842, we recognized ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of $235.9 million and $247.3 million, respectively, as of February 1, 2019. The aggregate lease liability differs from the ROU asset primarily due to lease incentives that are recognized over the life of the leases, and timing differences between when lease payments are remitted to lessors and when ROU asset amortization expense is charged to earnings. We currently have no finance leases. The adoption of the new lease accounting standard had no impact on cash provided by or used in operating, investing or financing activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows. The adoption of the new lease accounting standard did not impact our statements of operations nor previously reported financial results. See Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements for further information on the implementation of the standard.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13), which requires an entity to utilize a new impairment model known as the current expected credit loss model in place of the currently used incurred loss method. Under this update, on initial recognition and at each reporting period, an entity will be required to recognize an allowance that reflects the entity’s current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the financial instrument. For trade receivables, loans, and other financial instruments, an entity will be required to use a forward-looking expected loss model to recognize credit losses that are probable. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, to eliminate inconsistencies and provide clarifications to the transition requirements of ASU 2016-13. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, to provide clarification guidance in the following areas: (i) expected recoveries for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration; (ii) transition relief for troubled debt restructurings; (iii) disclosures related to accrued interest receivables; (iv) financial assets secured by collateral maintenance provisions; and (v) conforming amendment to subtopic 805-20. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019, and requires a cumulative effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. We will adopt this standard on February 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective adoption approach. We do not anticipate that ASU 2016-13 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures based on the composition of the Company's historical credit loss activity, investment portfolio and current market conditions.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (ASU 2017-04), which eliminates step two from the goodwill

impairment test. Under this standard, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value up to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is effective prospectively for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. We will adopt this standard on February 1, 2020. We do not anticipate that ASU 2017-04 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which amends ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (ASU 2018-13). ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying, or adding certain disclosures. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. We will adopt this standard on February 1, 2020 using the prospective adoption approach. We do not anticipate that ASU 2018-13 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software: Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) (ASU 2018-15), which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs in a cloud computing arrangement service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred for an internal-use software license. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. We will adopt this standard on February 1, 2020 using the prospective adoption approach. We do not anticipate that ASU 2018-15 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

We continue to assess the potential impacts of the new standards, including the areas described above, however, we do not know or cannot reasonably estimate quantitative information, beyond that discussed above, related to the impact of the new standards on the consolidated financial statements at this time.