U. S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
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BEELINE HOLDINGS, INC.
FORM 10-K
December 31, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements
This Report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including statements regarding our plans and expectations for our operations, technology, financial results and growth prospects, anticipated or potential economic, industry and regulatory trends, strategic transactions and business plans including with respect to the Company’s new BeelineEquity product and the perceived or anticipated benefits thereof, and our liquidity and potential future sources of capital. We make such forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Report are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “expects”, “intends”, “plans”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “predicts”, “potential”, “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.
Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance, and are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
| ● | Our ability to continue as a going concern and the sufficiency of our existing cash and cash equivalents to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs over the next 12 months will depend on our ability to raise capital; | |
| ● | the risks of a recession in the U.S. arising from tariffs and litigation and developments related thereto, inflation, and high interest rates, which may negatively affect future business and weaken the demand for consumer home loans; | |
| ● | the impact of previous interest rate cuts on the mortgage lending industry and actions that the Federal Reserve may take with respect to interest rates in the future, which may include delaying further interest rate cuts or implementing interest rate increases to combat continuing or increased inflation; | |
| ● | our reliance on certain third parties, our ability to protect, maintain and improve upon our technology infrastructure and intellectual property, and risks inherent in the regulatory and competitive industry in which we operate; | |
| ● | Changes in the political and regulatory environment and in business and economic conditions in the United States and in the real estate and mortgage lending industry; | |
| ● | geopolitical conflicts and wars in Ukraine, the Middle East and Latin America; | |
| ● | our ability to develop and maintain our brand cost-effectively; and | |
| ● | the other risk factors summarized under “Summary of Risk Factors” and described in more detail in “Risk Factors” of this Report. |
You should read this Report and the documents we have filed as exhibits to this Report, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. You should not assume that the information contained in this Report is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of those documents.
Risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be different from those expressed or implied in our written or oral forward-looking statements may be found in this Report under “Item 1-A - Risk Factors.”
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We qualify all of the information presented in this Report particularly our forward-looking statements, by these cautionary statements.
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Glossary
For the convenience of investors, this glossary contains most of the defined words and terms we use in this Report including technical terms and abbreviations for the many laws that we define later in this Report. Certain words and terms are not included in this Glossary.
“AI” means artificial intelligence and related technologies.
“APOR” means the average prime offer rate.
“ATDS” means automatic telephone dialing systems.
“ATM Agreement” means the At The Market Offering Agreement between the Company and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co., Inc. dated April 30, 2025.
“BSA” means the Bank Secrecy Act.
“CCPA” means the California Consumer Protection Act.
“CFPB” means the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
“Company” refers to Beeline Holdings, Inc.
“Dodd-Frank Act” means the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
“DSCR” means debt service coverage ratio.
“DTI” means debt-to-income ratio.
“EFTA” means the Electronic Fund Transfer Act of 1978.
“ELOC Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Common Stock Purchase Agreement between the Company and C/M Capital Master Fund, LP dated March 7, 2025, as amended.
“FCC” means the Federal Communications Commission.
“FCPA” means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
“FCRA” means the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
“FHA” means the Federal Housing Authority.
“FTC” means the Federal Trade Commission.
“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S.
“GLBA” means the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act.
“GSEs” means government-sponsored enterprises, or Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, together.
“HMDA” means the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act.
“HOEPA” means the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act.
“HUD” means the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
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“IAM” means Identity and Access Management.
“LIBOR” means the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate.
“MSRs” means mortgage service rights.
“Non-conforming loans” are loans originated outside of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHA, and VA guidelines.
“Non-QM loans” means non-qualified mortgage loans.
“NPI” means nonpublic personal information.
“Old Beeline” or “Beeline Financial” refers to Beeline Financial Holdings, Inc., our principal subsidiary.
“PI” means personal information.
“QC” means quality control.
“QM” means qualified mortgage.
“QM loans” means qualified mortgage loans.
“Regulation N” means the Mortgage Acts and Practices Advertising Rule.
“RESPA” means the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act.
“SAFE Act” means the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act.
“SOFR” means the Secured Overnight Financing Rate.
“TCPA” means the Telephone Consumer Protection Act.
“TILA” means the Truth in Lending Act.
“TRID rule” means the TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure.
“USA Patriot Act” means the Uniting and Strengthening America by providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act.
“VA” means the Veterans Administration.
Item 1. BUSINESS
Beeline Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of Nevada in 2004. On March 12, 2025, the Company changed its name from Eastside Distilling, Inc. (“Eastside”) to Beeline Holdings, Inc., reflecting the Company’s current operations and focus as a fintech mortgage lender, fractional equity purchase facilitator and title provider.
Merger
On September 4, 2024, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization providing for the merger (the “Merger”) with East Acquisition Inc. (aka Bridgetown Spirits Corp.) and Beeline Financial Holdings, Inc. (“Beeline Financial”), a Delaware corporation. The Merger closed on October 7, 2024 and Beeline Financial became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.
Beeline Financial was incorporated in Delaware on July 1, 2020 and is the successor to a Rhode Island corporation organized in 2018. Beeline Financial is an AI-driven fintech mortgage lender that develops proprietary software in the form of major enhancements and new developments in its lending platform and introduced its AI-powered Chatbot (“Chatbot”) “Bob” in July 2023.
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Debt Exchange Agreement
On September 4, 2024, Eastside and its then-subsidiary, Craft Canning + Printing (“Craft C+P”), entered into a Debt Exchange Agreement (the “Debt Exchange Agreement”), which closed on October 7, 2024, resulting in the assignment by Eastside of 720 barrels of spirits to Craft C+P, followed by the merger of Craft C+P into a limited liability company owned by certain creditors of Eastside and the deconsolidation of Craft C+P in 2024.
Bridgetown Spirits
Subsequent to the execution of the Debt Exchange Agreement, Eastside organized a subsidiary, Bridgetown Spirits Corp. (“Bridgetown Spirits”) and was assigned Eastside’s spirits business to Bridgetown Spirits. On July 25, 2025, the Company disposed of its 53% interest in Bridgetown Spirits in exchange for the satisfaction of debt, and as a result, Bridgetown Spirits is no longer a subsidiary of the Company.
Business
Overview and History
The Company is a fintech mortgage lender, fractional real estate equity purchase facilitator and title provider transforming the home ownership process into a shorter, easier path than conventional mortgage lending for millions of Americans seeking a digital experience. The Company has built a proprietary mortgage, equity purchase and title platform leveraging advanced technical tools with sophisticated language learning models and combining an appropriate amount of human interaction to create a better outcome for its customers. Beeline was founded in 2019 with its principal office located in Providence, Rhode Island. An Australian subsidiary has an office in Burleigh Heads, Australia. The Company also has executive office suites in multiple locations across the United States.
The Company’s business model is focused on providing an efficient process for consumers to more easily access mortgage lending and financing using our online portal and services. In 2025, approximately 73% of the Company’s loans originated and brokered through December 31, 2025, were Non-QM loans where the prospective borrower lacked traditional income from full-time employment in contrast to investment, rental or consulting income or other 1099 income or where the consumer has sufficient assets to support the loan.
The Company primarily serves as the lender for its conventional loans, where it is also fully responsible for the underwriting. The Company is the lender on a non-delegated underwriting basis on most of its Non-QM loans and also serves as a mortgage broker for certain loans with third party lenders - primarily for the remainder of Non-QM loans. In 2025, the Company acted as lender in 73% of its loan transactions, and as mortgage broker in 27% of its loan transactions. The Company leverages its industry-specific knowledge and infrastructure, using a combination of licensed and proprietary technology, to provide an alternative to a more manual, slower and non-technology focused lending process for residential properties in the United States.
Mortgage Lending Business
The Company is licensed to operate in 29 states including California, Florida and Texas. The Company’s services and platform are designed to address the evolving US real estate market, including the increasing use of online and digital means of financing home purchases as well as a trend away from conventional lending qualification practices, in part by placing consumers in front of financing opportunities that may not be available from lenders using the conventional approach to loan qualification. Its focus is on residential properties.
The Company can generate mortgage approvals that are more reliable than traditional pre-approvals in as little as 7 to 10 minutes. The Company’s unique customer experience was built for digital-first consumers, especially property investors and those who work in the gig economy or are self-employed and who desire a frictionless, digital experience. The Company offers a unique variety of mortgage products when compared to other mortgage lenders, including the “top 50” lenders, allowing borrowers a higher probability of finding a home financing solution that meets their unique situation.
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Most top 50 lenders will deny a borrower if they are not approved for a conventional mortgage backed by Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae, the two government-sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”) that back a majority of mortgages in the U.S. (“QM loans”) or FHA or VA loan options. In this instance, the Company will re-route the borrower to a non-traditional mortgage process offering solutions not offered by larger lending institutions. Combining QM loans and Non-QM loans through a single streamlined platform available any time provides strong differentiation and provides additional options for the Company’s customers.
As the U.S. real estate industry has evolved, Non-QM loans have become more popular, relying on a different set of underwriting criteria which are more suited to borrowers whose situations do not line up with more stringent guidelines created for and based on the previous generations and less flexible economy. The Company is one of the few direct-to-consumer digital mortgage lenders that offer both QM loans and Non-QM loans from a single platform, allowing the Company to better serve the 74 million Millennials and 71 million Gen Z who have emerged as home buyers (or soon will) and currently representing approximately 32% of the home purchase market. In 2025, 30% of the Company’s loan originations were home purchases, and 70% were refinance transactions.
As described elsewhere in this Report, the Company’s business is multi-faceted, and can serve multiple roles in the home lending process. In addition to the lending operation, the Company also has a title agency. The Company has a minority investment in a subsidiary focused on the development of AI sales tools that the Company’s lending operation seamlessly inserts in text chat on its website.
The Company breaks down the legacy role-based mortgage process into tasks for faster processing. and has built automation to satisfy underwriting conditions in the loan file in real time. This expedites the time to close while minimizing headcount and other expenses. The Company expects that its technology and systems will continue to evolve, providing an opportunity for growth over the next three to five years. However, there are no assurances that it will grow during this period.
Services
The Company is a digital consumer real estate financing company leveraging proprietary AI, streamlined task-based processing, data integrations and human capital for originating, evaluating, approving and closing a mortgage, fractional equity purchase or title insurance.
| ● | Marketing and Sales: The Company uses an AI chatbot called Bob to enable cost-effective communication with prospective borrowers to respond to inquiries and answer questions about our product offerings, enhance borrower engagement and introduce new borrowers and sellers to our platform. Beyond Bob, the Company leverages a sophisticated digital marketing strategy to reach out to potential customers. | |
| ● | Application and Pre-Qualification: When borrowers are ready to apply, they are taken through a seven-to-ten-minute journey through a series of conversational-style questions, collecting the information required to complete a loan application. | |
| ● | Document Collection and Verification: The system automatically asks for required documents, such as bank statements, tax returns, and employment information based on the loan type and purpose. | |
| ● | Approval and Closing: Once underwriting is completed, the borrower may receive a conditional approval. The Company’s proprietary platform will present the customer with required documentation through each phase of the loan process and allows the customer to do multiple things in their portal seamlessly, whether a document upload, pay for an appraisal or sign documents natively in their tracker. | |
| ● | Post-Closing and Servicing: After closing, loans are sold to aggregators who handle all servicing. | |
| ● | Title and Closing Services: The Company offers title and closing services to its borrowers. These operations are tightly integrated, providing a seamless customer experience. The Company acts as the agent in its title and closing services business, selling title insurance policies for some of the largest title underwriters, including First American National Title Insurance Company, Fidelity National Title Insurance Company and Westcor Land Insurance Company. |
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Sources of Revenue
The Company generates revenue from three key sources, listed below:
| ● | Net gain on sale of loans: Once the Company closes a loan, it then sells that loan to an aggregator at a predetermined price. The proceeds are recorded as a gain (loss) on sale of loans. This source accounted for approximately 69% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025. | |
| ● | Loan origination fees: This is a fee charged to a borrower to offset the costs of origination. This source accounted for approximately 13% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025. | |
| ● | Title fees: Fees associated with closing a mortgage for a lender, which averages approximately $1,100 per closed file. Currently, Beeline Title handles the title and escrow services for approximately 64% of the refinance mortgages that the Company originates while also offering its title and closing services to other lenders. This source accounted for approximately 18% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025. | |
| ● | BeelineEquity: The Company recently began offering a new fractional equity product called BeelineEquity. The Company receives an origination fee and a title fee from each closed fractional equity transaction on behalf TYTL Corp. (“TYTL”) that provides financing to the customers of these transactions, which is described in more detail below. |
Beeline Labs
Beeline Labs, Inc. (“Beeline Labs”), a subsidiary of Beeline Financial, specializes in developing and licensing proprietary software for mortgage lenders. In July 2025, Beeline Labs launched BlinkQC, a SaaS platform designed to automate pre-close quality control (or QC), reviews for mortgage loan files. Beeline Loans uses BlinkQC in its own operation for its pre-close QC. Later in 2026, Beeline Labs plans to license BlinkQC to other mortgage companies. BlinkQC uses artificial intelligence to ingest loan document packages, extract and validate data, apply customizable rule sets, and generate compliance reports. Critical data points are being collected from the Beeline Labs launch and integrations are set to start in late 2026, opening BlinkQC up to over 1,000 Banks and Independent Mortgage Banks. The Beeline Labs data and integrations are essential for a broader launch.
The initial release supports conventional loan packages and will be offered on a flat rate per package. Based on current cost estimates, the product is expected to achieve gross margins of approximately 50%. Future enhancements, including FHA/VA loan support and integrations with loan origination systems, are in development.
BeelineEquity
On June 25, 2025, Beeline Title facilitated the closing of what it believes to be one of the first-ever fractional sale of home real estate with TYTL who will fund these transactions through the sale of a crypto token which is backed by real property. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is a co-founder and principal stockholder of TYTL. In addition, Christopher Moe, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, and Joseph Freedman, a director, are each TYTL shareholders. While neither the Company, nor its subsidiaries, mints or receives the token, Beeline Title handles the settlement and title portions of these transactions for TYTL who is minting the token. In the fourth quarter of 2025, Beeline Loans began providing customer acquisition services and support to TYTL who mints the token and offers the equity exchange transaction. The Company receives 3.5% in cash of the value of equity sold and markets the product through its website as BeelineEquity.
Beeline Title will provide the title and closing services for each transaction. Importantly, Beeline Title will open this platform to all mortgage lenders, giving them access to a proven solution for cryptocurrency token transaction reconciliation, compliance, and disbursement. As cryptocurrency adoption accelerates and becomes regulated by federal and state governments, the Company is positioning itself as a leader in this fast-moving ecosystem, offering trusted infrastructure to help lenders scale into a future where crypto and compliance go hand-in-hand.
Marketing
The Company generates the majority of its leads through online channels. In 2025, Google advertising accounted for approximately 49.5% of total leads. The next largest paid source, LendingTree, accounted for approximately 8.4% of total leads. In total, the Company purchased paid leads from 11 advertising platforms and lead aggregators during 2025. The Company also received leads from additional sources, including phone calls, email, SMS, organic search, and direct traffic. As a result, the Company may be subject to concentration risk related to changes in pricing, availability, or performance of its primary lead sources. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
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The Company’s marketing strategy plays an important role in supporting its growth, focusing on customer acquisition, return on investment, and customer satisfaction. Through targeted campaigns, the Company attracts new customers and explores product and audience segments. The marketing team’s analysis of customer value, along with return on ad spend, supports strategic planning and resource allocation. Predictive models are used to estimate customer lifetime value and inform campaign planning. These models rely on historical data and assumptions and may not accurately predict future performance.
Measurement, reporting, and attribution methods provide the foundation for assessing campaign performance and informing marketing spend decisions. The Company often experiments with new traffic sources and campaign types to maintain an agile marketing strategy. Through consistent communication of its value propositions, the marketing team supports customer engagement. The Company also focuses on improving the customer experience across digital touchpoints. Attribution models are subject to limitations inherent in multi-channel customer journeys.
The Company’s marketing team operates within four primary pillars: Customer Acquisition, Marketing Data, Marketing Communications, and Product, each contributing uniquely to its overall growth strategy:
Customer Acquisition: As the Company’s 2025 lead generation reflects, it relies heavily on Google advertising, with additional lead volume sourced from multiple other advertising platforms and lead aggregators. To support future growth, the Company may seek to reduce this dependency by developing other material lead sources. Acquisition efforts focus on managing advertising budgets efficiently, allocating resources strategically, and tracking return on ad spend.
Marketing Data: Marketing data is central to the Company’s decision-making process. Regular performance reviews provide insights into advertising effectiveness; while reporting and analytic tools generate insights that guide strategy. Internal attribution models support tracking and analysis of the customer journey, which helps inform budget allocation. These analyses support management decision-making but are subject to data quality and modeling limitations. Forecasting models assist the Company in anticipating long-term customer value. The Company also gathers competitive intelligence to monitor industry trends.
Marketing Communications: The Company uses automated, periodic email and SMS communications to nurture potential leads and support conversion efforts. Targeted automated communications are deployed at various points in the customer lifecycle to increase engagement. The Company maintains an active presence across social media platforms to support brand awareness and customer engagement. AI-driven content creation supports scalable messaging across channels. These efforts are intended to support the Company’s value propositions, brand awareness, and engagement with current and prospective customers. The Company periodically offers promotions and incentives designed to attract new customers and encourage repeat engagement.
Product: The Company focuses on optimizing the customer experience through conversion rate improvements, user experience enhancements, and tailored landing pages. Ongoing product testing is conducted to align updates with customer needs, and data-driven and automated solutions are being developed to support more personalized experiences. Not all product initiatives result in improved performance, and some experiments may not achieve their intended outcomes.
Intellectual property
The Company primarily relies upon a combination of trade secrets, service marks and technology licensing, as described below.
| ● | Point of Sale & Tracker: A sophisticated platform that captures, analyzes and retrieves information to process a mortgage transaction. It also allows customers to complete certain workflows seamlessly as part of their mortgage processing journey. | |
| ● | Decision Engine: Data driven platform designed to issue approvals based on the data collected and information provided by the new customer. |
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| ● | Resolution Engine: A tool that captures mortgage tasks and completes those tasks with data, documents or human involvement. | |
| ● | BlinkQC: An in-house automated QC solution that can perform a Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac required pre-close audit in minutes at a significantly reduced cost. By contrast, third party QC firms can take between 1 hour and 48 hours to complete and cost up to $175.00 per file. | |
| ● | MagicBlocks: A platform that allows businesses to build their own custom AI sales tools through administrative protocols. Bob, the AI chatbot referred to below is powered by MagicBlocks. The Company leverages its relationship with MagicBlocks to enhance its customers’ experience and drive engagement. The Company is a co-founder of MagicBlocks and currently owns 47.6%; however, MagicBlocks is seeking additional investment funding and planning to grant equity options to employees which will dilute its ownership. The Company currently uses this technology with a royalty-free licensing and service agreement. If MagicBlocks were to sever its relationship with the Company, the Company would have to locate another AI tool, which could be disruptive to its business until it found a replacement and was able to integrate this new AI technology into the Company’s operations. The Company believes that other suitable sources exist, although the increased cost will reduce its profit margins. | |
| ● | “Bob”: Bob is one of the first mortgage AI chatbots, handling incoming chat-based communication through its website on a 24/7 basis and was developed by MagicBlocks. The Company converts AI chat conversations into applications at a rate eight times more efficiently than its human loan officers, referred to as “Loan Guides”. Bob performs outbound campaign-style communications to pull customers into the marketing funnel. The Company plans for Bob to soon start voice campaigns for generating sales activities and enhancing customer service. | |
| ● | Licenses for software: The Company licenses the loan origination software and customer relationship management platform from third party vendors. |
Competition
Banks and other savings institutions (depositories) have historically dominated the mortgage lending business. Their competitive advantages are financial strength, which includes the availability of low-cost capital to fund loans, management and employee skills, experience and availability, the ability to use their financial strength to leverage compliance costs and local visibility. Because of policy changes and shifts in the marketplace, independent mortgage banks (“IMBs”) hold a large market share of the mortgage lending business. By 2016, nonbank mortgage origination for the first time surpassed that of the banks. The rapid rise of the nonbank mortgage lenders could have been possible only with the assistance of federal subsidies. In the decade from 2010 to 2020, nonbanks effectively doubled their market share of Fannie, Freddie, and FHA lending.
As of early 2026, IMBs continue to dominate the mortgage market, originating approximately 83% of all single-family mortgages in 2024 and maintaining a similar majority share through the first half of 2025. While banks have largely retreated from standard originations, they maintain a significant presence in the jumbo mortgage market, which saw volume reach $270.8 billion in 2024. Market forecasts for 2026 suggest a continued recovery in volume as interest rates stabilize. The Mortgage Bankers Association projects total single-family originations will reach $2.2 trillion in 2026, up from $2.0 trillion in 2025. Analysts expect 30-year fixed rates to average between 6.0% and 6.4% throughout 2026, with some optimistic forecasts dipping into the high 5% range. After eight consecutive quarters of losses ending in early 2024, IMBs returned to profitability in 2025, reporting an average pre-tax production profit of 33 basis points in Q3 2025.
Digital direct-to-consumer mortgage lending has grown rapidly, especially post-COVID, as the trend toward remote communication and digitization of the economy accelerated. As a result, many younger consumers demand a much faster, more efficient mortgage processes. Key trends include the adoption of AI and machine learning for underwriting, online document management, and personalized loan options.
The market for online mortgage lending is substantial, with projections suggesting continuous growth due to convenience, cost-efficiency, and customer demand for transparency and lower fees.
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The Company’s key online competitors are:
| ● | Rocket Mortgage: The largest digital mortgage lender in the U.S., known for its streamlined application process and fast approvals. Its online platform is user-friendly, and it offers competitive rates. Rocket Mortgage leverages AI to enhance customer experience and predict borrower needs. | |
| ● | Better Home and Finance: Differentiates with its digital-first experience and AI-driven recommendations. It emphasizes transparency and customer support, with a streamlined, all-digital process. | |
| ● | SoFi: Targets a younger demographic, particularly first-time homebuyers. SoFi combines mortgage products with personal finance management tools. It emphasizes low fees and offers a diverse array of financial services and non-mortgage loan products. | |
| ● | LoanDepot: Strong presence in both direct-to-consumer and retail channels, with its proprietary technology called mello®. LoanDepot aims to combine human assistance with technology-driven processes to cater to diverse customer needs. |
However, as of the date of this Report, the Company does not believe that the above competitors provide Non-QM loans in any material way. The Company believes the combination of its mortgage product offerings and its focus on a digital first experience, provides it with a competitive advantage.
On the other hand, certain of its competitors have greater resources and brand recognition than the Company or otherwise pose a competitive threat to our business. See Item 1A “Risk Factors” for risks related to the competition the Company faces in its industry.
Strategy for success
The Company’s strategy is focused on developing and leveraging excellent technology to enable better scale at a reduced cost while delivering an exceptional customer experience through AI, automation and task-based workflows.
Additionally, the Company’s strategy includes the ability to keep the consumer in its ecosystem - keeping that customer for the title work and escrow/settlement services. This increases the Company’s revenue per file by an average of $1,100 and spreads customer acquisition costs over multiple revenue opportunities.
None of this is possible without a great brand and great user experience when interacting with the Company’s technology and staff. The Company’s strategy in this area is to continue to push digital content to the right audiences who are interested in a lending experience like the one it offers. When human touch points are necessary or requested, it provides the consumer with a knowledgeable, friendly and solutions-based support system.
Government Regulations
The statements in this section describe the government regulations specific to the Company’s industry and should be considered carefully in conjunction with other information contained in this Report including the “Item 1A Risk Factors”.
These statutes and regulations regulate how the Company operates, and the licenses it and its employees are required to maintain. They also dictate the education and training required by employees, disclosures that are required to be made to consumers, etc. Any changes to the regulatory structure may impact how the Company does its business.
The CFPB has undergone significant restrictions under the Trump Administration which has included massive downsizing, reduced funding and a reduced regulation focus. Ongoing litigation relating to staffing reductions remains pending. A federal district court enjoined the employee terminations which injunction was vacated by the federal appeals court. The federal appeals court heard oral arguments on a rehearing on February 24, 2026.
Government Regulations Affecting Mortgage Loan Origination
The Company operates in a heavily regulated industry that is highly focused on consumer protection. The extensive regulatory framework to which the Company is subject includes U.S. federal and state laws and regulations. Governmental authorities and various U.S. federal and state agencies have broad oversight and supervisory authority over all aspects of the Company’s business.
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The discussion concerning federal regulation of the mortgage lending business is subject to significant potential change as the Trump administration seeks to scale back the federal government, eliminate agencies and strengthen the President’s control over independent agencies. There has been a strong reaction with the filing of many lawsuits and for the most part lower courts have pushed back on many of President Trump’s executive orders. In February 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the President’s tariffs which he had imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, reducing the Administration’s ability to use executive powers to impose tariffs and commencing a process under which many businesses are seeking refunds from the federal government of tariffs previously paid. Ultimately, it is likely that the U.S. Supreme Court may also rule on the scope of the executive powers in other contexts, which may impact the following discussion.
Under the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB was established to ensure, among other things, that consumers receive clear and accurate disclosures regarding financial products and to protect consumers from hidden fees and unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices. The CFPB’s jurisdiction includes those persons producing or brokering residential mortgage loans. It also extends to the Company’s other lines of business title insurance. The CFPB has broad supervisory and enforcement powers with regard to non-depository institutions, such as the Company, that engage in the production of home loans.
President Trump has targeted the CFPB as an agency to be eliminated or substantially reduced. As part of its enforcement authority, the CFPB can order, among other things, rescission or reformation of contracts, the refund of moneys or the return of real property, restitution, disgorgement or compensation for unjust enrichment, the payment of damages or other monetary relief, public notifications regarding violations, remediation of practices, external compliance monitoring and civil money penalties. The CFPB has been active in investigations and enforcement actions and has issued large civil money penalties since its inception to parties the CFPB determines have violated the laws and regulations it enforces.
Effective October 1, 2022, the CFPB revised the definition of a QM which permits mortgage lenders to gain a presumption of compliance with the CFPB’s ability to repay requirements if a loan meets certain underwriting criteria. Lenders are now required to comply with a new QM definition in order to receive a safe-harbor or rebuttable presumption of compliance under the ability-to-repay requirements of TILA and its implementing Regulation Z. The revision to the QM definition created additional compliance burdens and removed some of the legal certainties afforded to lenders under the prior QM definition. Specifically, the revised QM rule eliminated the previous requirement limiting QMs to a 43% DTI and replaced it with pricing-based thresholds. Loans at 150 basis points or less over the APOR as of the date the interest rate is set, receive a safe harbor presumption of compliance, while loans between 151 and 225 basis points over the APOR benefit from a rebuttable presumption of compliance. The new rule also created new requirements for a lender to “consider” and “verify” a borrower’s income and debts and associated DTI, along with several other underwriting requirements. Additionally, the new QM definition eliminated a path to regulatory compliance that was available for originating loans that were eligible to be sold to GSEs, which was heavily relied upon by a large segment of the mortgage industry. Due to the transition to the new QM definition, there may be residual compliance and legal risks associated with the implementation of these new underwriting obligations.
The CFPB’s loan originator compensation rule prohibits compensating loan originators based on a term of a transaction, prohibits loan originators from receiving compensation directly from a consumer or another person in connection with the same transaction, imposes certain loan originator qualification and identification requirements, and imposes certain loan originator compensation recordkeeping requirements, among other things.
The Company is also supervised by regulatory agencies under state law. From time-to-time, the Company receives examination requests from the states in which it is licensed. State attorneys general, state mortgage licensing regulators, state insurance departments, and state and local consumer protection offices have authority to investigate consumer complaints and to commence investigations and other formal and informal proceedings regarding the Company’s operations and activities. With the enforcement power of the CFPB at risk under the Trump administration, state regulatory agencies and state attorneys general may increase their enforcement activities in certain areas. In addition, the government-sponsored enterprises, or GSEs, the FHA, the FTC, and others subject the Company to periodic reviews and audits. This broad and extensive supervisory and enforcement oversight will continue to occur in the future. The Company maintains dedicated staff on the legal and compliance team to ensure timely responses to regulatory examination requests and to investigate consumer complaints in accordance with regulatory regulations and expectations.
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Federal Lending Laws and Regulations
Numerous U.S. federal regulatory consumer protection laws impact the Company’s business, including but not limited to:
| ● | the RESPA and Regulation X, which require certain disclosures to be made to the borrower at application, as to the lender’s good faith estimate of loan production costs, and at closing with respect to the actual real estate settlement statement costs (for most loans, such disclosures are in conjunction with those required under the TILA), prohibit kickbacks, referrals, and unearned fees in connection with settlement service business and impose requirements and limitations on affiliates and strategic partners, and certain loan servicing practices including with respect to escrow accounts, requests for information from borrowers, servicing transfers, lender-placed insurance, error resolution and loss mitigation; | |
| ● | the TILA including HOEPA and Regulation Z, which regulate mortgage loan production and servicing activities, require certain disclosures be made to borrowers throughout the loan process regarding terms of mortgage financing (including those disclosures required under the TRID rule, provide for a three-day right to rescind some transactions, regulate certain higher-priced and high-cost mortgages, require lenders to make a reasonable and good faith determination that consumers have the ability to repay the loan prior to consummation, mandate homeownership counseling for high-cost mortgage applicants, impose restrictions on loan production compensation, and apply to certain loan servicing practices; | |
| ● | the FCRA and Regulation V, which regulate the use and reporting of information related to the credit history of consumers, require disclosures to consumers regarding the use of credit report information in certain credit decisions and require lenders to take measures to prevent or mitigate identity theft; | |
| ● | the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B, which prohibit discrimination on the basis of age, race and certain other characteristics in the extension of credit, require creditors to deliver copies of appraisals and other valuations, and require certain notifications to applicants for credit; | |
| ● | the Homeowners Protection Act, which requires certain disclosures, and the cancellation or termination of private mortgage insurance once certain equity levels are reached; | |
| ● | the HMDA and Regulation C, which require reporting of mortgage loan application, origination and purchase data, including the number of mortgage loan applications originated, approved but not accepted, denied, purchased, closed for incompleteness and withdrawn; | |
| ● | the Fair Housing Act, which prohibits discrimination in housing on the basis of race, sex, national origin and certain other characteristics; | |
| ● | the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, which regulates the timing and content of debt collection communications and debt collection practices; | |
| ● | the GLBA and Regulation P, which require initial and periodic communication with consumers on privacy matters, provide limitations on sharing nonpublic personal information, and the maintenance of privacy and security regarding certain consumer data in our possession; | |
| ● | the BSA, and related regulations including the Office of Foreign Assets Control and the USA Patriot Act, which impose certain due diligence and recordkeeping requirements on lenders to detect and block money laundering that could support terrorist activities; | |
| ● | the SAFE Act, which imposes state licensing requirements on mortgage loan originators; | |
| ● | the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act and similar state laws, particularly the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, which authorize the creation of legally binding and enforceable agreements utilizing electronic records and signatures and which require creditors and loan servicers to obtain a consumer’s consent to electronically receive disclosures required under federal and state laws and regulations; | |
| ● | the EFTA and Regulation E, which protect consumers engaging in electronic fund transfers; | |
| ● | the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, which provides financial protections for eligible service members; | |
| ● | the Federal Trade Commission Act, the FTC Credit Practices Rules and the FTC Telemarketing Sales Rule, which prohibit unfair or deceptive acts or practices and certain related practices; |
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| ● | the TCPA, which restricts telephone solicitations and automatic telephone equipment in connection with both origination and servicing of loans; | |
| ● | Regulation N, which prohibits certain unfair and deceptive acts and practices related to mortgage advertising and imposes recordkeeping requirements on advertisers; | |
| ● | the CAN-SPAM Act, which makes it unlawful to send certain electronic mail messages that contain false or deceptive information and provide other protections for email users; | |
| ● | the Consumer Financial Protection Act, enacted as part of the Dodd-Frank Act, which (among other things) created the CFPB, and gave it broad rulemaking authority over certain enumerated consumer financial laws and supervisory and enforcement jurisdiction over mortgage lenders and servicers, and prohibits any unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices in connection with any consumer financial product or service; and | |
| ● | the Bankruptcy Code and bankruptcy injunctions and stays, which can restrict collection of debts. |
The Company is also subject to a variety of regulatory and contractual obligations imposed by entities purchasing loans from its insurers and guarantors of the loans it produces or facilitates.
State Lending Laws and Regulations
The Company must comply with state laws and regulations, including licensing requirements and other regulations which vary by state, in order to conduct its business.
To conduct residential mortgage lending operations in the United States, the Company is licensed in 28 states and the District of Columbia including California, Florida and Texas. Its title agencies also maintain licenses to operate in certain of these states. Generally speaking, the licensing process includes the submission and approval of an application to the applicable state agency, a character and fitness review of key individuals, and an administrative review of our business operations. Such requirements occur at the initial stage of license acquisition and throughout the period of licensure.
Under the SAFE Act, all states have laws that require mortgage loan originators employed by non-depository institutions to be individually licensed to offer mortgage loan products. These licensing requirements require individual loan originators to register in a nationwide mortgage licensing system, submit application and background information to state regulators for a character and fitness review, submit to a criminal background check, complete a minimum of 20 hours of pre-licensing education, complete an annual minimum of eight hours of continuing education and successfully complete an examination.
In addition to applicable federal laws and regulations governing the Company’s operations, its ability to originate loans in any particular state is subject to that state’s laws, regulations and licensing requirements, which may differ from the laws, regulations and licensing requirements of other states. State laws often include fee limitations and disclosure and other requirements. Many states have adopted regulations that prohibit various forms of “predatory” lending and place obligations on lenders to substantiate that a customer will derive a tangible benefit from the proposed home financing transaction and/or have the ability to repay the loan. These laws have required most lenders, including the Company, to devote considerable resources to maintain automated systems to perform loan-by-loan analysis of points, fees and other factors set forth in the laws, which often vary depending on the location of the mortgaged property.
Additionally, our business is subject to numerous types of state laws that are continuously changing, including laws related to mobile-and internet-based businesses, data privacy and advertising laws, which limit how companies can use customer data, impose obligations on companies in their management of such data, and require us to modify our data processing practices and policies, which results in substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply.
In particular, there are numerous U.S. federal and state laws and regulations regarding privacy and the collection, sharing, use, processing, disclosure, and protection of personal data. In the loan origination process, the Company obtains substantial personal data including credit reports, tax returns, social security numbers and income and asset sources, all of which must be kept confidential. Such laws and regulations often vary in scope, may be subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent among different jurisdictions. Following the European Union, California became the first state to adopt a data privacy law when in June 2018 it enacted the CCPA. The CCPA requires covered companies to provide California consumers with new disclosures and will expand the rights afforded consumers regarding their data. Fines for noncompliance may be up to $7,500 per violation.
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Since the CCPA was enacted, the U.S. has at least 20 states – which includes California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and Virginia – that have comprehensive data privacy laws in place or are about to be effective. Other states have enacted narrower privacy laws, including Maine, Michigan, Nevada, New York, Vermont, and Washington. And other states have introduced privacy bills that address a range of issues, including protecting biometric identifiers and health data, or governing the activities of specific entities. This patchwork approach to privacy legislation could pose compliance and liability risks for companies that have multistate operations. Proposed and enacted bills in various states contemplate similar rights in preexisting privacy legislation but differ in implementation and enforcement. In addition, proposed federal legislation could further expand the regulatory framework for data privacy, data security, and other matters that impact our business at the federal level.
The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by the CCPA, and similar laws may limit the use and adoption of our products and services and/or require us to incur substantial compliance costs, which could have an adverse impact on our business and our financial condition.
The Company’s compliance team strives to comply with all applicable laws and regulations relating to privacy, data security, and data protection and other activities in which it engages or is otherwise subject to in the operation of its business. However, its limited resources may adversely affect its compliance efforts. There has been increased government regulation as governments including the federal government are continuing to focus on updating laws and regulations to address the ever-evolving digital world, including through laws and regulations aimed at privacy and data security, and it is possible that new laws will be passed, or existing laws will be amended in a way that is material and adverse to the Company’s business. As regulation increases, the Company anticipates an increase in its compliance costs and a higher risk of regulatory fines or sanctions, which may be material.
The Company’s title agencies are also subject to state laws that may require licensure and prohibit, limit, or require approval to engage in certain conduct. For example, several states have implemented laws and regulations aimed at prohibiting kickbacks and other inducements associated with referrals to or from title insurance agents or corporations. In some instances, these requirements are more extensive than RESPA.
Other Laws
The Company is also subject to various other laws, including employment laws related to hiring practices, overtime, and termination of team members, health and safety laws, environmental laws and other federal, state and local laws in the jurisdictions in which it operates.
As states and possibly the federal government start to enact laws and regulations relating to AI, we will be subject to additional regulations.
BeelineEquity
Fractional home equity sales, often structured as co-ownership or investment platforms, are primarily governed by U.S. securities laws (Securities Act of 1933) if they involve passive investment income, requiring registration or exemptions like Regulation D or A+. Other regulations include state/local real estate laws, private deed restrictions, and zoning rules.
Key regulatory areas for fractional home equity sales include:
| ● | Securities regulation: Platforms selling shares in residential property often fall under SEC oversight because they constitute investment contracts. | |
| ● | Real estate and zoning laws: Local regulations may restrict the number of owners, and homeowner association covenants must be reviewed to ensure they permit fractional arrangements. | |
| ● | Financial regulations: While not traditional loans, these agreements must still adhere to transparency in how equity is valued and, in some cases, comply with consumer protection regulations related to home financing. |
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Seasonality
The consumer lending sector, particularly with regard to mortgage loan origination volumes, is shaped by broader economic factors such as interest rates, inflation, unemployment levels, home price trends, and consumer sentiment. Additionally, seasonality plays a key role in home purchasing, as home sales generally experience an uptick in the second and third quarters and see a decline in the first and fourth quarters of the calendar year. This seasonal pattern arises from homebuyers with children preferring to make purchases during the spring and summer months in order to move before the school year begins.
Refinancing mortgage loans are particularly influenced by current levels as well as expected trends in interest rates. Nevertheless, the traditional patterns of seasonality seen in the housing market were less pronounced than 2021 through 2023 largely due to rising interest rates and a tight housing supply. Although the Company continues to observe seasonal increases in purchase transactions during the spring and early summer periods and softer volumes in the winter months, the amplitude of these fluctuations remains influenced by prevailing rate volatility, home price levels, and local supply conditions.
Business Initiatives
The Company’s business initiatives include adding lending products to its current suite. This may include additional non-QM offerings, second lien offerings, VA and FHA offerings, etc.
Additionally, it anticipates expansion of its BeelineEquity product (described above).
The Company also plans to have direct seller approval with Fannie Mae and/or Freddie Mac in the second half of 2026. During this timeframe, the Company may also engage in a holistic hedging strategy to increase the revenue per file by selling loans on a mandatory basis to its investors.
To diversify revenue, the Company plans to offer SaaS products to the mortgage industry - the MagicBlocks and BlinkQC products referenced previously.
There may be time, resource or other constraints that impede the Company’s ability to execute on these initiatives which may delay them or prevent them from occurring.
Warehouse Line of Credit
In addition to traditional equity and debt financing, the Company uses three warehouse lines of credit to provide the capital for it to originate mortgage loans. Generally, warehouse lines of credit are used as interim, short-term financing which bears interest at a fixed margin over an industry index rate. The outstanding balance of the Company’s warehouse lines of credit will fluctuate based on its lending volume. The advances received under the warehouse lines of credit are based upon a percentage of the fair value or par value of the mortgage loans collateralizing the advance, depending upon the type of mortgage loan. Should the fair value of the pledged mortgage loans decline, the warehouse providers may require the Company to provide additional cash collateral or mortgage loans to maintain the required collateral level under the relevant warehouse line. The Company did not incur any significant issuance costs related to its warehouse lines of credit. Presently the Company’s three warehouse lines of credit have a total limit of $25 million. As loans are closed, the Company sells the note and mortgage and reduces the balance on its warehouse lines.
Employees
As of December 31, 2025, the Company has 84 employees. Certain of its employees serve in dual roles. Beeline also uses certain third parties who operate as independent contractors. Additionally, the Company leverages independent contractors in marketing and technology/development.
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Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
Summary Risk Factors
Our business and an investment in our common stock are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the “Item 1A - Risk Factors” section below. Some of these risks include:
Risks Related to the Company’s Business
| ● | The Company depends on third party partners and vendors to maintain and grow its business, the loss of some or all of these third parties may have a material adverse effect. | |
| ● | The Company depends on its ability to sell loans and mortgage service rights (“MSRs”) in the secondary market the impairment of which would materially harm its business. | |
| ● | A recession or economic downturn could halt or limit its ability to sell the Company’s loans and lend money to future borrowers. | |
| ● | Similarly, higher interest rates adversely affect the Company’s business. The current conflict with Iran may lead to higher interest rates due to inflationary pressures. | |
| ● | The Company is required to comply with many financial, legal, and regulatory laws and regulations, and any failure to comply could have a material adverse effect. | |
| ● | The Company faces intense competition that could materially and adversely affect it. | |
| ● | The Company’s loans to customers originated outside of GSE guidelines or other guidelines involve a high degree of business and financial risk. | |
| ● | The Company relies on highly-skilled personnel with knowledge of the mortgage industry, the loss of whom may negatively impact its business. | |
| ● | The Company is exposed to interest rate volatility, which could have a material adverse effect. | |
| ● | Material fraud could result in significant financial losses and reputational harm. | |
| ● | The Company markets its services through advertising via online sources, and it may need to incur substantial costs to drive future sales and may be unsuccessful in doing so. | |
| ● | TCPA regulations which went into effect in early 2025 will continue to impact the Company’s compliance costs and give rise to regulatory and legal risks. |
Risks Related to Operations and Financial Results
| ● | If the United States experiences rising mortgage interest rates, it may continue to negatively impact the Company’s business and loan origination volumes. | |
| ● | The Company’s business is subject to underwriting limitations and the potential of mortgage defaults. | |
| ● | Failure to comply with underwriting guidelines of aggregators or GSEs could materially and adversely impact the Company’s business. | |
| ● | Changes in the GSEs’, the FHA’s or the VA’s requirements or guidelines could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business. |
Risks Related to Debt and Warehouse Credit Lines
| ● | The Company relies on indebtedness to fund its operations and growth objectives, which subjects it to numerous risks arising from its incurring this indebtedness. | |
| ● | The Company relies on warehouse lines to fund the loans it originates and without these lines, it would be unable to originate loans as a correspondent lender to its investors who purchase its loans. |
Risks Related to Products, Technology, and Intellectual Property
| ● | The Company’s business relies on technology infrastructure, which exposes it to cybersecurity and technology infrastructure risks. | |
| ● | If The Company is not able to protect the privacy, use, and security of customer information, it could sustain damages. | |
| ● | The Company heavily relies on third-party software to operate its business. | |
| ● | The Company faces risks with respect to its ability to protect its intellectual property rights. | |
| ● | The Company may become subject to disputes related to the intellectual property of third parties. |
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Regulatory Risks
| ● | The Company operates in a heavily regulated industry, and our business operations expose it to risks of noncompliance, including due to any future changes in the regulations applicable to it. | |
| ● | Future AI or technology characteristics and regulations could negatively impact our business. | |
| ● | The Company is subject to various telecommunications, data protection and privacy laws. | |
| ● | Federal and state laws regulate the Company’s strategic relationships which could result in harm to its business. | |
| ● | Cryptocurrencies are not heavily regulated yet – new regulation in this area could impact the investor that funds the BeelineEquity product, thereby making that product more difficult or impossible to provide to customers in the future. |
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
| ● | The market price of our shares of common stock and our ability to raise capital as and when needed are subject to fluctuation, including based on external forces and events which are beyond our control. | |
| ● | If we fail to maintain our listing on Nasdaq, investors’ ability to sell our common stock will be diminished. | |
| ● | Our failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal controls over financial reporting could have an adverse impact on us. | |
| ● | Outstanding derivative securities and any new derivative securities that may be issued could harm our existing stockholders. | |
| ● | If we raise capital in the future, it may dilute our existing stockholders’ ownership and/or have other adverse effects on us, our securities or our operations. | |
| ● | Common stock eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market. | |
| ● | A lack of securities or industry analyst coverage on our business or negative reports could negatively impact the market price and trading volume of our common stock. | |
| ● | We have never paid dividends, and we do not expect to pay dividends for the foreseeable future. |
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Investors should carefully consider the following Risk Factors before deciding whether to invest in the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, may also impair our business operations or our financial condition. If any of the events discussed in the Risk Factors below occur, our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations or prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In such case, the value and marketability of our securities could decline.
Financial Risks
Because there is substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, we may not be successful and our ability to continue our operations is in doubt unless we can access sufficient working capital within the timeframe needed.
The Company has limited capital and substantial accumulated deficit as of the date of this Report. We do not have sufficient working capital and cash flows for continued operations for at least the next 12 months, which raises a risk of our potential inability to continue as a going concern. Our continued existence is dependent upon our obtaining the necessary capital to meet our expenditures, and we can provide no assurance that we will be able to raise adequate capital to meet our future working capital needs. As of December 31, 2025, we had working capital of approximately $3.0 million, which management believes is enough working capital for the 12-months ending March 31, 2027.
We have significant goodwill and intangible assets included in our consolidated balance sheet, which may result in an impairment of their carrying values and the future recognition of substantial non-cash losses. The announcement of any such non-cash charges may cause our common stock price to fall.
As of December 31, 2025, we had $33.3 million of goodwill and $4.8 million of intangible assets included in our consolidated balance sheets. Goodwill and intangible assets must be evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently if events indicate it is warranted. If the carrying value of any of these intangible assets (which includes goodwill) exceeds their estimated fair value, we would recognize a non-cash impairment loss on in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the amount of the particular intangible asset. If there is an indication of impairment on our intangible assets, management would prepare an estimate of future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If these estimated cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, a non-cash impairment loss would be recognized to write down the intangible asset to its estimated fair value.
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Events and conditions that could result in impairment in the value of our goodwill and intangible assets include, but are not limited to, significant negative industry or economic trends, continuing large losses during the remainder of 2026 or thereafter, significant decline in our common stock price for a sustained period of time, or a significant decline in market capitalization relative to net book value. Our financial results and ability to raise capital could be negatively impacted should future impairments of our goodwill and/or intangible assets occur.
Because we have a history of operating losses, if we fail to generate operating cash flow, you may lose all or most of your investment.
We have a history of continued operating losses, and we may not become profitable in future periods. We expect to incur losses and experience negative cash flows from operations for most of 2026. If we cannot achieve positive cash flow from operations or net income, we will need to raise additional capital, which we may not be able to do on favorable terms, if at all. Our ongoing losses raise substantial uncertainty about its future profitability and success.
Risks Related to the Mortgage Lending Business
Because the Company depends on third party partners and vendors to maintain and grow its business, the loss of some or all of these third parties may have a material adverse effect on its results of operations.
To grow its customer base and business the Company relies on relationships with third-party partnerships and other commercial vendors, including services to help it close and buy its loans. The Company also requires the use of such third-party partnerships and vendors to engage and attract customers and originate mortgages. If the Company is unable to grow its third-party partners and relationships with vendors, it may be unable to grow its business. Further, if the Company’s current third-party partnerships and vendors were to stop providing services to it on acceptable terms or at all, or if its commercial partners were to terminate their relationships with it, the Company may be unable to procure alternatives in a timely and efficient manner and on acceptable terms, or at all. The Company may incur significant costs to resolve any such disruptions in services or the loss of commercial partnerships, and this could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of operations. Further, any loss of third-party partnerships and vendors may decrease the Company’s customer base or inhibit its ability to gain new customers and disrupt its existing business operations. The Company’s third-party partners and vendors may also choose to cease doing business with it and instead do business with its competitors.
The Company is also subject to regulatory risks associated with all of the above relationships, including changes in law or interpretations of law that could result in increased scrutiny of these relationships, require restructuring of these relationships, and/or diminish the value of these relationships.
If the Company loses the services of the vendors that provide it with loan origination or customer relationship management software, its short-term results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.
The Company licenses loan origination software and customer relationship management software from privately-held third-parties. If those parties were to cease providing platform services to the Company, it would be required to obtain software from another party, which could be on more expensive terms. Further, the integration of another loan origination software product would entail technical challenges and expenses and generally be disruptive to operations. If the Company was cut off without notice, such disruption could also negatively impact borrowers with loans at various points of the process. This could lead to liability for the Company if borrowers end up with financial loss. As a result, our short-term results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
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Because the Company depends on its ability to sell loans and MSRs in the secondary market to a limited number of loan purchasers and to secondary market participants for each relevant product, its ability to originate loans and offer related mortgage service rights would be materially and adversely affected, if its ability to sell loans and mortgage service rights became impaired.
The Company’s business depends on its ability to sell its loan production to third party investors. Its ability to sell and the prices it receives for its loans vary from time-to-time and may be materially adversely affected by several factors, including, without limitation: (i) an increase in the number of similar loans available for sale; (ii) conditions in the loan securitization market or in the secondary market for loans in general or for its loans in particular, which could make its loans less desirable to potential purchasers; (iii) defaults under loans in general; (iv) loan-level pricing adjustments imposed by investors and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (together, the “GSEs”), including adjustments for the purchase of loans in forbearance or refinancing loans; (v) the types and volume of loans being originated or sold by the Company; (vi) the level and volatility of interest rates; and (vii) unease in the banking industry caused by, among other things, recent bank failures. An inability to sell or a decrease in the prices paid to the Company upon sale of its loans and MSRs would be detrimental to its business, as it is dependent on the cash generated from such sales to fund its future loan production and repay borrowings under its warehouse lines of credit. If the Company lacks liquidity to continue to fund future loans, its revenues from new loan originations would be materially and adversely affected, which in turn would materially and adversely affect its potential to achieve profitability.
Substantially all of the Company’s loan production and related MSRs are sold to a limited number of purchasers in the secondary market. If any of those buyers decide to not purchase loans from the Company going forward, it would have a materially adverse impact on its operations and ability to originate new loans and generate revenue.
Because the Company relies on the secondary mortgage market for loan sales, an economic downturn or other adverse market trends or developments could halt or limit its ability to sell its loans and lend money to future borrowers.
The Company’s business operations depend on selling loans to a limited pool of purchasers in the secondary mortgage market, including secondary mortgage market participants and investors. Its business model requires it to sell its loans on the secondary mortgage market to replenish its lending funding and to help shift lending risks.
Demand in the secondary market for home loans and the Company’s ability to sell the loans that it produces depend on many factors that are beyond its control, including general economic conditions and the threat of a recession, prevailing interest rates, a major war affecting the United States, the willingness of lenders to provide funding for and purchase home loans, the risk of another pandemic like COVID-19, and changes in regulatory requirements. The current conflict with Iran is causing sharp rises in the cost of oil and gas as well as other commodities. If it continues or if the consequences of the bombing lead to higher costs and inflation, interest rates may rise. The Company’s inability to make new loans and sell the loans that it produces in the secondary market in a timely manner and on favorable terms would materially and adversely affect its business. In particular, market fluctuations may alter the types of loans and other products that it is able to originate and sell. For example, higher mortgage rates following the U.S. Federal Reserve’s rate hikes to combat inflation had an adverse impact on demand for new mortgage originations because existing homebuyers are hesitant to move or give up their current low interest rate loan if a new mortgage is needed. The higher cost of home ownership adversely impacts move-up, new homebuyers and refinancings, which trend adversely affects and may continue to adversely affect our business. In addition, it is unclear how recent governmental actions or the threats of certain actions, such as tariffs, reductions of governmental employees and spending, tax reform, and actions taken to address the debt ceiling and deficit, will impact the U.S. economy and the residential real estate market. Any uncertainty or deterioration in market conditions that leads to a decrease in loan originations would likely have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. Lower loan origination volumes in the industry also generally place downward pressure on margins, thus compounding the effect of the deteriorating market conditions. If it is not possible or economical for the Company to continue originating and selling its loans in the secondary mortgage market, its business, financial condition, and results of operations, could be materially and adversely affected. Further, volatility from changes in prevailing interest rates can adversely affect the value of our MSR portfolio and servicing revenue and changes in the value, or inaccuracies in the estimates of their value, could adversely affect our financial condition and liquidity.
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Because we are required to comply with many financial, legal, and regulatory laws and regulations, its failure to comply with all of the applicable laws and regulations could result in large fines, suspensions of its licenses to make loans in one or more states and could otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company.
The Company’s business operations require it to comply with numerous state and federal laws and regulations applicable to the mortgage loan industry. See “Business-Government Regulations” in this Report for a description of certain of the laws and regulations to which the Company and its operations are subject. While we currently have compliance and risk management policies for maintaining compliance with such laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that such policies are perfect or will guarantee full compliance. Any failure in our current compliance and risk management policies may subject us to regulatory or legal proceedings and financial penalties, which may negatively impact us and our financial condition and results of operations and divert our management’s attention from its business. Further, the legal and regulatory scheme is always subject to change, and we may be unable to timely comply with new laws and regulations applicable to our business.
We face intense competition that could materially and adversely affect it if it cannot adequately address competitive challenges.
Competition in the mortgage lending industry is intense and is dominated by major national and regional banks as well as local banks and large non-depository lending institutions. In addition, the mortgage and other consumer lending business is highly fragmented and dominated by legacy players. Some of the Company’s competitors have better name recognition and greater financial and other resources than it does (including access to capital). Other competitors, such as correspondent lenders who produce loans using their own funds, may have more operational flexibility in approving loans. Commercial banks and savings institutions may also have significantly greater access to potential customers, given their deposit-taking and other banking functions and locations near potential borrowers.
Also, some of these competitors are less reliant than we are on the sale of mortgage loans into the secondary markets to maintain their liquidity and may be able to participate in government programs that the Company is unable to participate, all of which may place us at a competitive disadvantage. Additionally, the Company operates at a competitive disadvantage when compared to U.S. federal banks and thrifts because, such other industry participants enjoy federal preemption from compliance with state law and, as a result, conduct their business under relatively uniform U.S. federal rules and standards and are generally not subject to the mortgage-related laws of the states in which they do business. Unlike its federally chartered competitors, the Company is generally subject to all state and local laws applicable to lenders in each jurisdiction in which it operates, and such regulatory changes may increase its costs or limit its activities, such as more restrictive licensing, disclosure, or fee-related laws, or laws that may impose conditions to licensing that it or its personnel are unable to meet. To compete effectively, the Company must have a very high level of operational, technological, and managerial expertise, as well as access to capital at a competitive cost.
Further, we compete with other mortgage originators and other businesses across the broader real estate and mortgage industry for those consumers that consider obtaining loans online or non-conforming loans. Digitally native home buying technology platforms are increasingly moving into the loan production space. Such online mortgage originators, and digitally native entrants primarily compete on name recognition, price and on the speed of the loan application, underwriting and approval process, and any increase in these competitive pressures could materially and adversely affect our business, including as a result of higher performance marketing and advertising spend due to greater demand for customer leads.
Competition in our industry can take many forms, including the variety of loan programs being made available, interest rates and fees charged for a loan, convenience in obtaining a loan, customer service levels, the amount and term of a loan and marketing and distribution channels. Fluctuations in interest rates and general economic conditions may also materially and adversely affect our competitive position. During periods of rising rates, competitors that have locked in low borrowing costs may have a competitive advantage. Furthermore, a cyclical decline in the industry’s overall level of loan producers, or decreased demand for loans due to a higher interest rate environment or a housing market or general economic downturn, may lead to increased competition for the remaining loans. Additionally, more restrictive loan underwriting standards have resulted in a more homogenous product offering, which has increased competition across the mortgage loan industry for loan originations. Furthermore, our existing and potential competitors may decide to modify their business models to compete more directly with our loan origination models. Post COVID-19, many banks and depository institutions withdrew from mortgage origination, leaving large non-depository mortgage lenders with greater access to market share. In addition, technological advances and heightened e-commerce activities have increased consumers’ accessibility to products and services. This has intensified competition among banks and non-banks in offering mortgage loans. Any increase in these competitive pressures could materially and adversely affect our business.
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Our loans to customers originated outside of GSE guidelines or the guidelines of the Federal Housing Authority or Veterans Administration involve a high degree of business and financial risk, which can result in substantial losses to us.
Loans originated outside of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac guidelines, or the guidelines of the Federal Housing Authority (“FHA”) or Veterans Administration (“VA”) (“non-conforming loans”), are sold to private investors and other entities. Approximately 73% of the Company’s loans in 2025 were non-QM loans. If the Company is unable to sell such loans to private investors, it may be required to hold such loans for an extended period, which exacerbates working capital needs. For these loans, a customer’s ability to repay may be adversely impacted by numerous factors, including a healthcare event of the borrower, a change in the borrower’s financial condition, or other negative local or more general economic conditions. Deterioration in a customer’s financial condition and prospects may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral. These risks will increase in prevalence and impact if general economic conditions deteriorate in the U.S., such as due to a recession.
In addition, some loans that the Company produces that it believes will be conforming loans may not meet Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac guidelines, or the guidelines of the FHA or VA, in which case it would be subject to a high degree of business and financial risk.
Because we rely on highly-skilled personnel with knowledge of the mortgage industry, the loss of key personnel may negatively impact the Company.
Our future success depends on its ability to attract, hire, train, and retain a number of highly skilled employees and management that have knowledge of the mortgage industry. The loss of the services of our Chief Executive Officer, Nicholas Liuzza, Jr., our Chief Operating Officer, Jessica Kennedy, Esq., or other key employees could cause substantial disruption to our business operations, which would adversely affect its business. Competition for qualified employees in the mortgage industry remains high, and we may fail to attract or retain the employees necessary to execute its business model successfully. Further, as a smaller company with a limited operating history, we rely on a smaller workforce, particularly in its accounting, legal, and compliance departments, which places us at a disadvantage in attracting and retaining experienced talent.
If we encounter material fraud, it could result in significant financial losses and harm to our reputation.
In deciding whether to approve loans or to enter into other transactions with its customers or counterparties, we rely on information furnished to it by or on behalf of customers and such counterparties, including credit applications, property appraisals, title information and valuation, employment and income documentation, and other financial information. We also rely on representations of customers and such counterparties as to the accuracy and completeness of that information. If any of this information is intentionally or negligently misrepresented and such misrepresentation is not detected prior to loan funding, the fair value of the loan may be significantly lower than expected or it may not be possible for us to sell the loan. Additionally, there is a risk that, following the date of the credit report that we obtain and its review of a person’s credit worthiness, a borrower may have become delinquent in the payment of an outstanding obligation, defaulted on a pre-existing debt obligation, taken on additional debt, lost his or her job or other sources of income, or sustained other adverse financial events. This risk is exacerbated since we originate Non-QM loans, primarily debt service coverage ratio (“DSCR”) loans which relies on the rental income associated with a property and not the borrower’s income from traditional employment. However, we ameliorate this risk through credit monitoring through each closing date.
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We use automated underwriting engines from the GSEs to assist us in determining if a loan applicant is creditworthy, as well as other proprietary and third-party tools and safeguards to detect and prevent fraud. We are unable, however, to prevent every instance of fraud that may be engaged in by our customers or staff, and any seller, real estate broker, notary, settlement agent, appraiser, title agent or third-party originator that misrepresents facts about a loan, including the information contained in the loan application, property valuation, title information and employment and income stated on the loan application. If any of this information was misrepresented and such misrepresentation was not detected prior to the acquisition or closing of the loan, the value of the loan could be significantly lower than expected, resulting in a loan being approved in circumstances where it would not have been, had the Company been provided with accurate data. These loans can materially and adversely affect our operations by reducing our available capital to underwrite new loans. A loan subject to a material misrepresentation is typically unsalable or subject to repurchase if it is sold before detection of the misrepresentation. In addition, the persons and entities making a misrepresentation are often difficult to locate and it is often difficult to collect from them any monetary losses we may suffer.
High profile fraudulent activity also could negatively impact our brand and reputation, which could materially and adversely affect our business. In addition, significant increases in fraudulent activity could lead to regulatory intervention, which could increase its costs and also materially and adversely affect our business.
We market our services through advertising on search engines, social media platforms, and other online sources, and if we fail to drive traffic through our marketing, we may have to spend more to drive traffic and improve our search results, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business operations.
Our success will depend on our ability to attract potential consumers to our website and convert them into customers in a cost-effective manner. We depend, in large part, on performance marketing leads (e.g., pay-per-click) that we purchase from search engine results, social media platforms, and other online sources for traffic to our website. We expect to continue to devote significant resources to acquire customers, including advertising to our third-party partners’ significant consumer networks, and offering discounts and incentives to consumers. To the extent that our traditional approach to customer acquisitions is not successful in achieving the levels of transaction volume that we seek, we may be required to devote additional financial resources and personnel to our sales, marketing, and advertising efforts and to increase discounts to consumers, which would increase the cost base for our services.
Currently a substantial majority of our advertising is spent with Google. If Google were to materially increase its prices, we may be unable to replace Google and sustain materially increased costs. We face several challenges to our ability to maintain and increase the number of visitors directed to our website. Our competitors may increase their online marketing efforts and outbid us for placement for search terms on various search engines, resulting in their websites receiving a higher search result page ranking than us. Additionally, internet search engines could revise their methodologies in a way that would adversely affect the prominence of our search results rankings. If our relationships with internet search engines such as Google deteriorate or are terminated, if the internet search engines modify their search algorithms in ways that are detrimental to us, or if our competitors’ marketing or promotional efforts are more successful than ours, overall growth in our customer base could slow or our customer base could decline, which would have a material adverse effect on our business. As disclosed above, in 2025 Google advertising accounted for approximately 49.5% of total leads and LendingTree accounted for approximately 8.4% of total leads, and the concentration of a majority our leads from just two providers presents the potential to amplify this risk.
There can be no assurance that any increased marketing and advertising spend to maintain and increase the number of visitors directed to our website will be effective. Any reduction in the number or credit quality of prospective borrowers directed to our platform through internet search engines, Google, and other search engines, social networking sites or any new strategies we employ could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Regulatory changes may also require search engines, social media platforms and other online sources to adjust their outreach techniques and algorithms, which may negatively impact the effectiveness of these platforms. For instance, in 2019, the U.S. Department of Justice entered into a settlement agreement with Meta that required Meta to replace the software used in Facebook for housing ads, as a result of claims that the software allowed advertisers to discriminate based on protected characteristics such as race, national origin, religion, sex, family status and disability. As a result, platforms using similar software found it necessary to replace their advertising systems.
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TCPA regulations including those which took effect in 2025 will continue to impact our compliance costs and subject us to new regulatory and legal risks for noncompliance
Effective January 2025, the FCC’s new rule under the TCPA requires explicit, one-to-one consent for any form of communication involving messaging or calling between a business and consumer. In April 2025, the FCC imposed additional text and call opt-out rules, requiring companies who utilize robocalls and robotexts to broaden the standard terms consumers can use to revoke consent and treat natural language revocation requests beyond the standard opt-out terms as valid opt-out requests. Further, all reasonable opt-out requests must now be complied with within a reasonable time frame, which is generally considered as 10 business days. Both of these rules and any further rules that be adopted in the future but he FCC or other applicable regulators may require us to modify our consent and opt-out processes and policies relating to outreach to consumers for marketing, sales, and customer service. The failure to comply with the TCPA and related rules adopted thereunder could result in fines between $500 to $1,500 per violation. If we fail to comply with the rules, it may be subject to legal and regulatory fines, which may negatively impact its financial condition and results of operations.
If the United States again experiences rising mortgage interest rates, it could negatively impact the Company’s business and loan origination volumes, and result in a material adverse effect on our operating results and our financial condition.
Following 2025 cuts in interest rates by the Federal Reserve, mortgage rates are lower as of mid-February 2026 compared to their 2023 peak. But the 30-year mortgage rates are more than double where they were in 2021 with the impact from COVID-19.
Until the recent conflict with Iran, predictions were that the Federal Reserve may cut interest rates between one to three times in 2026. As of March 23, 2026, there were predictions that the Federal Reserve will increase rates to combat the spike in inflation. As a result of this current conflict, we cannot assure you that we will return to pre-2021 loan origination volumes. An increase in interest rates may cause a reduction in demand for our offerings and/or increased delinquency default and foreclosure, which may adversely affect our business by increasing our expenses and reducing the number of mortgage service fees that are collected. Furthermore, interest rates depend on action taken by the Federal Reserve, which in turn depends on the current state of inflation and the U.S. economy as well as politics. The impositions of tariffs by the U.S. and any retaliatory actions by foreign countries could contribute to higher inflation and reduced economic activity for a prolonged period of time, thereby delaying any rate reductions or potentially resulting in rate increases in the future, as well as reduced demand for mortgages. Further, to the extent the U.S. federal government issues refunds on previously paid tariffs that were struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court in February 2026, the payment of such refunds could further contribute to inflationary pressures. If mortgage interest rates rise, fewer individuals may pursue home ownership or refinance, and the decreased profitability and loan originations will negatively impact the Company’s business operations, operating results and financial condition.
In addition, higher interest rates come with an increased probability for an economic downturn or recession by making it more difficult for businesses to borrow money and individuals to maintain employment. Contributing further to an increased probability for a recession or economic downturn in the U.S. in the near term are recent and threatened tariffs and uncertainty surrounding such actions, trade wars, geopolitical conflicts, increased unemployment including due to widescale layoffs and staff reductions in the federal government, and volatility and declines in the stock market, any or all of which could cause the U.S. economy to experience a significant decline including a reduction in consumer sentiment and spending. Future economic downturns and recessions may negatively impact the real estate market and the demand for our services, which in turn would have a material adverse effect on its business and operating results. Because of the high purchase prices for homes relative to other items that may be purchased in the market, the real estate market tends to be particularly hard hit during economic downturns or recessions, and we cannot predict the impact such an event could have on us or the industry in the future.
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If the United States continues to experience uncertainty with respect to the sales of existing homes and consumer sentiment, such events may continue to negatively impact Beeline’s business and loan origination volumes.
Presently the high prices for real estate and other items have resulted in affordability being an important consumer issue, which can hinder purchases and refinancings. Home sales fell 8.4% in January 2026. Whether this is a trend is uncertain. In 2025, the rate of sales of existing homes in the United States slowed and prices declined relative to prior periods in spite of increased volume in December 2025. The effect of the decreased volume and growth of existing home sales operates to reduce loan volume, margins, revenue, and profitability in the mortgage origination industry, including in our business which in 2025 saw 30% of its mortgage loan closings come from home sales. Further, in 2025 consumer sentiment experienced gradual declines as increased uncertainty and concern surrounding affordability, interest rates, tariffs and geopolitical turmoil and the threat of a recession influence consumers’ behavior and opinions concerning the economy, capital markets and spending habits. These factors have the potential to have a material adverse effect on the mortgage lending market generally, and our operations and financial results specifically.
If an adverse trend in the sales of existing homes and/or consumer sentiment intensifies, our loan originations could fall which will negatively impact Beeline’s business operations, operating results and financial condition.
The Company’s business is subject to underwriting limitations and the potential of mortgage defaults.
A majority of the Company’s loan originations have been Non-QM loans. Non-QM loans are not underwritten in accordance with guidelines defined by the GSEs, as well as additional requirements in some cases, designed to predict a borrower’s ability and willingness to repay. Non-QM loans typically involve persons who do not derive their income from traditional employment. The Company’s Non-QM loans are primarily DSCR loans, where the income calculation is derived from the rental income on the subject property. Accordingly, there may be more risk of non-payment, especially if the real estate rental market collapses and rents decrease or rental vacancies increase. The QM loans the Company originates are subject to underwriting requirements set by the GSEs and aggregators who purchase QM loans. There could be default risk on these loans, which for example would increase if there are macroeconomic or geopolitical conditions that cause unemployment to increase or home values to decrease.
Failure to comply with underwriting guidelines of aggregators or GSEs could materially and adversely impact our business.
We must comply with the underwriting guidelines of aggregators and the GSEs to successfully originate conforming GSE loans. We also must comply with the underwriting guidelines of federal agency insurers/guarantors, such as the FHA and VA for those loan types. If we fail to do so, we may be required to repurchase these loans, indemnify the insurers/guarantors, or be subject to other penalties or remedial measures. If we are found to have violated GSE underwriting guidelines, it could face regulatory penalties and damages in litigation, and suffer reputational damage, any of which could materially and adversely impact its business, financial condition, and results of operations. If we fail to meet the underwriting guidelines of the GSEs, federal agency insurers/guarantors, or of non-GSE loan purchasers it could lose its ability to underwrite and/or receive insurance/guaranty on loans for such loan purchasers and insurers/guarantors, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. We try to mitigate its repurchase risk with repurchase insurance, however, this insurance may not cover the reason for the repurchase and it may not be able to sell a repurchase demand loan at a discount. It may not be able to meet its repurchase obligations in the future. If we are required to repurchase loans or indemnify loan purchasers, we may not be able to recover amounts from third parties from whom we could seek indemnification due to financial difficulties or otherwise. As a result, the Company is exposed to counterparty risk in the event of non-performance by a borrower or other counterparties to various contracts, including, without limitation, as a result of the rejection of an agreement or transaction in bankruptcy proceedings, which could result in substantial losses for which it may not have insurance coverage.
Changes in the GSEs’, the FHA’s or the VA’s requirements could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business.
The Company is required to follow specific guidelines and eligibility standards that impact the way it originates GSE and U.S. government agency loans, including guidelines and standards with respect to:
| ● | credit standards for mortgage loans; | |
| ● | its default and claims rates on recently produced FHA loans; |
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| ● | its staffing levels and other servicing practices; | |
| ● | the servicing and ancillary fees that it may charge; | |
| ● | its modification standards and procedures; | |
| ● | the amount of reimbursable and non-reimbursable advances that it may make; and | |
| ● | the types of loan products that are eligible for sale or securitization. |
Changes to GSE and U.S. government agency rules and guidance can materially and adversely impact the conforming loans that the Company is able to originate and sell and/or insure, as well as the servicing decisions and actions that t is required to undertake.
In addition, further changes to GSE, the FHA or VA loan programs, or coverage provided by private mortgage insurers, could also have broad material and adverse market implications. Any future increases in guarantee fees or changes to their structure or increases in the premiums the Company is required to pay to the FHA, VA or private mortgage insurers for insurance or for guarantees could increase loan production costs and insurance premiums for its customers. Additionally, as the Trump Administration continues to pursue reductions in spending by the federal government, it could take action which adversely affects VA loan programs or other programs or organizations on which certain of our operations depend, which could have a material adverse effect on us. These industry changes could negatively affect demand for our mortgage product offerings and consequently for conforming loans its production volume, which could materially and adversely affect its business. We cannot predict whether the impact of any proposals to move Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac out of conservatorship would require them to increase their fees.
Risks Related to Warehouse Credit Lines
Because we rely on indebtedness to fund our mortgage operations and growth objectives, its future results of operations and financial condition are subject to numerous risks arising from its incurring this indebtedness.
We engage in warehouse borrowing to provide the capital to originate loans. Warehouse lending is essentially a line of credit issued by a lender that permits us to borrow funds on a short-term basis. We use the warehouse loans to originate loans which we resell on the secondary market and then use the proceeds of the sale to reduce the line of credit as well as provide working capital.
Borrowings under the warehouse lines of credit are at variable rates of interest, which also expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on certain of its variable-rate indebtedness will increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same, and our net losses will increase and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, will correspondingly decrease, which will negatively impact our financial condition and potential business operations.
If we are unable to access or utilize the warehouse lines of credit in the future, we will be unable to fund loans and thus continue its business operations as a lender and would need to act as a broker on all loans it originates or completely discontinue operations. If we originate loans ineligible for warehouse funding or experience increases in buybacks, our loan advance rates may be negatively impacted which may present a liquidity risk.
Our ability to meet its payment obligations depends on our ability to generate significant cash flows or obtain external financing in the future. This ability, to some extent, is subject to market, economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors as well as other factors that are beyond our control. There can be no assurance that our business will generate cash flow from operations, or that additional capital will be available to us, in amounts sufficient to enable us to meet our debt payment obligations and to fund other liquidity needs.
Risks Related to Mortgage Lending Products, Technology, and Intellectual Property
The Company’s mortgage lending business relies on technology infrastructure, which exposes us to cybersecurity and technology infrastructure risks.
Our mortgage lending business requires the use of a secure, efficient technological infrastructure to successfully operate. Our reliance on technology exposes us to cybersecurity threats. A cybersecurity breach or hacking of our systems could result in significant disruptions in its operations and negatively impact the public perception of our business.
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Technology disruptions or failures in, and cyberattacks or other breaches relating to, our technological infrastructure, or those of third parties with whom we do business, could disrupt our business, cause legal or reputational harm, and materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are dependent on the secure, efficient, and uninterrupted operation of our technology infrastructure, including computer systems, and related software applications, as well as those of certain third parties. Its website and computer/telecommunication networks must accommodate a high volume of traffic and deliver frequently updated information, the accuracy and timeliness of which is critical to its business. Our technology must provide a loan application experience that equals or exceeds the experience provided by its competitors.
We may experience service disruptions and failures caused by system or software failure, fire, power loss, telecommunications failures, including those of internet service providers, team member misconduct, human error, denial of service or information, cyberattacks, and phishing emails, including computer hackers, computer viruses and disabling devices, malicious or destructive code, as well as natural disasters, health pandemics and other similar events. Any such disruption could interrupt or delay our ability to provide our services to our customers and could also impair the ability of third parties to provide critical services to us. Although we have undertaken measures intended to protect the safety and security of our information systems, there can be no assurance that disruptions, failures, and cyberattacks will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed in a timely manner. Such measures may in the future fail to prevent or detect unauthorized access to our team member, customer, and loan applicant information, and our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient to address all technology-related risks, which are constantly evolving. We may also incur significant costs for using alternative equipment or taking other actions in preparation for, or in reaction to, events that damage, interrupt, or otherwise disrupt the third-party resources or services we use.
Any prolonged service disruption affecting our platform could damage the Company’s reputation with current and potential customers, expose it to liability, cause it to lose customers, or otherwise materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of operations. In the event of damage or interruption, the Company’s insurance policies may not adequately compensate it for any losses, although the Company does have coverage under a cyber liability insurance policy. It may not cover all business losses or costs of reporting to consumers and/or state regulatory bodies.
As our customer base and range of product offerings continue to expand, we may not be able to scale our technology to accommodate the increased capacity requirements, which may result in interruptions or delays in service. In addition, the failure of third-party service providers to meet our capacity requirements could result in interruptions or delays in access to our platform or impede our ability to grow our business and scale our operations. If the Company’s third-party service agreements are terminated, or there is a lapse of service, interruption of internet service provider connectivity, or damage to data centers, it could experience interruptions in access to its platform as well as delays and additional expense in arranging new facilities and services. Any service disruption affecting its platform could damage its reputation with current and potential customers, expose it to liability, cause it to lose customers, or otherwise materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Additionally, the technology and other controls and processes the Company has created to help it identify misrepresented information in its loan production operations were designed to obtain reasonable, not absolute, assurance that such information is identified and addressed appropriately. Accordingly, such controls may not have detected, and may fail in the future to detect, all misrepresented information in our operations.
If our operations are disrupted or otherwise negatively affected by a technology disruption or failure, this could result in customer dissatisfaction and damage to our reputation and brand, and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We do not carry business interruption insurance sufficient to compensate us for all losses that may result from interruptions in our service as a result of systems disruptions, failures and similar events. The Company carries $3 million in coverage of direct business interruption coverage and contingent business interruption coverage under its cyber liability policy.
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If the Company is not able to protect the privacy, use, and security of customer information, it could sustain damages that may have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company receives, maintains and stores the PI of its loan applicants, customers and staff. On the customer side, the Company captures and stores thousands of data points per customer during the loan transaction process. The storage, sharing, use, disclosure, processing and protection of this information are governed by the privacy and data security policies maintained by the Company. Moreover, there are federal and state laws regarding privacy and the storage, sharing, use, disclosure, processing and protection of PI, personally identifiable information, and user data. Specifically, PI and NPI are increasingly subject to legislation and regulations in numerous jurisdictions. For example, federal law, including the GLBA, the GLBA Safeguards Rule, and the FCRA, among other laws, set forth privacy and data security requirements for NPI and consumer report information. At the state level, state privacy laws, such as the CCPA, provide data privacy rights for consumers and operational requirements for the Company. The CCPA also includes a statutory damages framework for violations of the CCPA and a private right of action against businesses that fail to implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices appropriate to the nature of the information to prevent data breaches.
We, either directly or through our customers, collaborators or end-users of our products, are or may become subject to a variety of laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, and data security. These laws and regulations are continuously evolving and developing. The scope and interpretation of the laws that are or may be applicable to us are often uncertain and may be conflicting, particularly with respect to foreign laws. The application of these laws and regulations can arise from our e-commerce platform, social media activities, technology and applications, relationships with third parties and their operations, or from other activities we undertake now or that we may undertake in the future. Data privacy and protection regulations are frequently broad in terms of scope of the information protected, activities affected, and geographic reach.
In the United States, federal, state, and local governments have enacted numerous data privacy and security laws, including data breach notification laws, personal data privacy laws, consumer protection laws and other similar laws. Certain U.S. states have enacted comprehensive consumer privacy laws that impose significant and costly obligations on covered business, including providing specific disclosures in privacy notices and affording residents with certain rights concerning their personal data. As applicable, such rights may include the right to access, correct or delete certain personal data, and to opt-out of certain data processing activities, such as targeted advertising, profiling and automated decision-making. The exercise of these rights may impact our business and ability to effectively provide our products and services.
Moreover, specific states also impose more stringent requirements for processing certain personal data, including sensitive information, such as conducting data privacy impact assessments. These state laws allow for statutory fines for noncompliance. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 applies to personal data of consumers, business representatives and employees who are California residents, and requires businesses subject to the law to provide specific disclosures in privacy notices and respond to requests of such individuals to exercise certain privacy rights. In September 2025 (and effective January 1, 2026), California amended the CCPA to (i) regulate technologies that replace or substantially replace human decisions, (ii) require comprehensive risk assessment reports that address specific processing activities that present a significant risk to a consumer’s privacy, and (iii) clarify when a cyber security audit must be conducted. These updated regulations expand the scope and compliance obligations of the CCPA. The CCPA provides for fines of up to $2,500 per unintentional violation and up to $7,500 per intentional violation (as adjusted from time to time) and allows individuals affected by certain data breaches to recover statutory damages up to $750 per consumer per incident. The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, the CCPA and similar laws may limit the use and adoption of our products and services and/or require us to incur substantial compliance costs, which could have an adverse impact on our business.
As noted, in addition to the CCPA, the United States currently has a number of states that have data privacy laws in place, or data privacy laws set to soon take effect ranging from narrow to comprehensive in nature. During the 2025 legislative cycle, comprehensive privacy reform was not prevalent in state legislatures, but several states with existing privacy statutes expanded the scope of their privacy frameworks, including Colorado, Connecticut, Virginia, Utah, Texas, Oregon, Montana and Kentucky. This patchwork approach to privacy legislation could pose compliance and liability risks for companies that have multistate operations. Proposed and enacted bills in various states have similar rights in preexisting privacy legislation but differ in implementation and enforcement.
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Outside of the United States, we also maintain an office in Australia. The Australia Privacy Act 1988 is the principal piece of Australian legislation protecting the handling of personal information about individuals, implementing 13 principles governing the collection, use, storage and disclosure of personal information. In late 2024, the Australian government adopted the Privacy and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2024 which, among other things, established a new statutory tort in Australia for serious invasions of privacy. Failure to comply with these regulations can result in significant civil penalties and damages.
We seek to comply with all applicable laws, policies, legal obligations, and industry codes of conduct relating to privacy, data security, and data protection. Our limited resources may adversely affect our compliance effort. Given that the scope, interpretation, and application of these laws and regulations are often uncertain and may be in conflict across jurisdictions, it is possible that these obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices. Any failure or perceived failure by us, customers, or third-party vendors or end-users involved with our products to comply with our privacy or security policies or privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personal data, may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation, or negative publicity, and could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
Governments are continuing to focus on privacy and data security, and it is possible that new privacy or data security laws will be passed or existing laws will be amended in a way that is material to our business. Any significant change to applicable laws, regulations, or industry practices regarding the personal data of our employees, agents or customers could require us to modify our practices and may limit our ability to expand or sustain our salesforce or bring our products to market. Changes to applicable laws and regulations in this area could subject us to additional regulation and oversight, any of which could significantly increase our operating costs and materially affect our operating results and financial condition. If we are unable to protect our customers’ PI, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We rely heavily on third-party software to operate our mortgage lending business, creating technological risks that it cannot mitigate.
We rely heavily on third-party technology in running our mortgage lending business. Because we utilize third-party technology, our ability to maintain and control the technology is limited. Such utilization of this technology creates potential risks, including service interruptions, product errors, or failure, all of which could cause us reputational harm, create financial losses, and harm our business operations. The cybersecurity risks we face can also impact our business partners and vendors.
We depend, in part, on third party vendor relationships, and our ability to become profitable and service our customer base is dependent on the continuation of those relationships.
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In addition to the third-party technology platforms described above, there are other vendors who provide other products and services required for mortgage origination fulfillment, like credit reporting companies, title companies, appraisal management companies and other data providers. If these providers stop providing services to us on acceptable terms or at all, or if the relationship is terminated, we may be unable to replace that vendor in a timely manner on acceptable terms, or at all. This could result in service disruptions and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
The success and growth of our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend upon our continued ability to adapt to and implement technological changes to meet our business needs and the changing demands of the market and our customers.
The markets in which we operate are characterized by rapid technological advancement and innovation, with the continuous introduction of new technology-driven products and services to meet growing and changing client demands. We rely on our proprietary technology to deliver products and services to clients and to elevate our lending origination process.. We have invested in MagicBlocks, a technology partner and its AI chatbot, Bob, which facilitates our mortgage loan business by leverage AI to connect to customers 24/7. In addition, Beeline Labs, our subsidiary, is developing BlinkQC, a software product that Beeline Loans, another subsidiary, intends to use in its quality control processes. We plan to further develop BlinkQC to offer it to other mortgage lenders beginning in Q3 2026. Both of these technologies will continue to need further development and enhancements. If we fail to develop our technology, our business may be harmed.
Technology disruptions or failures, including a failure in our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties with whom we do business, could disrupt our business, cause legal or reputational harm, and adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.
Many of our services are dependent on the secure, efficient and uninterrupted operation of our technology infrastructure, including computer systems and related software applications, as well as those of certain third parties. Our website and computer/telecommunication networks must accommodate a high volume of traffic and deliver frequently updated, accurate and timely information. We may, in the future experience, service disruptions and failures caused by system or software failure, fire, power loss, telecommunications failures, human error or misconduct, external attacks (e.g., computer hackers, hacktivists, nation state-backed hackers), denial of service or information, and malicious or destructive code, and while our mitigation and recovery processes are designed to reduce the impact of these types of incidents, our contingency planning may not be sufficient for all situations. The implementation of technology changes and upgrades to maintain current and integrate new technology systems may also cause service interruptions. Any such disruptions could materially interrupt or delay our ability to provide services to our clients and loan applicants and could also impair the ability of third parties to provide critical services to us.
If our operations are disrupted or otherwise negatively affected by a technology disruption or failure, this could result in material adverse impacts on our business. Our business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to compensate us for all losses that may result from interruptions in our service as a result of system disruptions, failures and similar events.
If our operations are disrupted or otherwise negatively affected by a technology disruption or failure, this could result in material adverse impacts on our business. Our business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to compensate us for all losses that may result from interruptions in our service as a result of systems disruptions, failures and similar events.
If the Company is unable to protect its intellectual property rights, it may be unable to effectively compete with its competitors
The Company’s intellectual property, principally its trade secrets and licensed technology, is a key asset. The Company regards the protection of its intellectual property as critical to its success. The Company has taken steps to protect its intellectual property by entering into confidentiality agreements with its employees, third-party partners, and third-party vendors. These agreements may not be enforceable or may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information, including trade secrets, and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of an unauthorized disclosure. Monitoring and protecting the Company’s intellectual property is difficult and may not be adequate. In addition, we cannot guarantee that we have entered into confidentiality agreements with all team members, partners, independent contractors or consultants that have or may have had access to our trade secrets and other proprietary information. Third parties may also independently develop products, services and technology similar to or duplicative of our products and services.
Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of the Company’s intellectual property rights, and failure to obtain or maintain protection of its intellectual property rights could materially and adversely affect its business and financial results. In order to protect our intellectual property rights, we may be required to spend significant resources. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time consuming and could result in the diversion of time and attention of our management team and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, attempts to enforce our intellectual property rights against third parties could also provoke these third parties to assert their own intellectual property or other rights against us, or result in a holding that invalidates or narrows the scope of our rights, in whole or in part. Third-party misuse of our intellectual property in attempts to defraud our clients and others are often difficult to identify and costly to enforce against. Our failure to adequately address these third parties could result in material harm to our reputation. Our failure to secure, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could adversely affect our brands and adversely impact our business.
Mortgage Regulatory Risks
The mortgage business is a heavily regulated industry, and its business operations expose it to risks of noncompliance with a large and increasing body of complex mortgage and lending laws and regulations at the federal and state levels.
Due to the heavily regulated nature of the mortgage, home ownership, real estate, and insurance industries, the Company is required to comply with a wide array of federal and state laws and regulations that regulate, among other things, the manner in which it conducts its loan production, the fees that it may charge, and the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer and other processing of personal information. Governmental authorities and various U.S. federal and state agencies have broad oversight and supervisory authority over the Company’s mortgage lending business.
Both the scope of the laws and regulations and the intensity of the supervision to which the mortgage lending business is subject have increased over time. Failure to satisfy certain requirements or restrictions could result in a variety of regulatory actions such as fines, directives requiring certain steps to be taken, suspension of authority to operate or ultimately a revocation of authority or license. Certain types of regulatory actions could result in a breach of representations, warranties and covenants, and potentially cross-defaults in our financing arrangements which could limit or prohibit our access to liquidity to operate our business. In addition, while the federal government promulgates new rules or guidance, it also may interpret existing laws and regulations in novel ways and/or expand enforcement priorities at certain federal agencies, such as the FTC. It is therefore possible that new rulemakings, interpretations, or enforcement actions will materially and adversely affect its business, affiliates, and strategic relationships.
The Company expects that its mortgage lending business will remain subject to extensive regulation and supervision. Although it has systems and procedures designed to comply with developing legal and regulatory requirements, the Company cannot assure you that more restrictive laws and regulations will not be adopted in the future, or that governmental bodies or courts will not interpret existing laws or regulations in a different or more restrictive manner than it has, which could render its current business practices non-compliant or which could make compliance more difficult or expensive. Any of these or other changes in laws or regulations could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
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Future AI or technology characteristics and regulations could negatively impact the Company’s business and use of technology.
The Company’s business model and competitive edge require the use of AI and various technologies to process loans and service its customers. The regulatory landscape surrounding these technologies is currently a patchwork. Seven states’ legislation went into effect on January 1, 2026. However, in December 2025, Executive Order 14635, “Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence,” went into effect and proposes to pre-empt state laws to establish a “minimally burdensome national policy” with respect to AI technologies. Until there is a firmly established regulatory framework, it will be difficult to anticipate how the legislation of AI will affect us. It is possible that new federal or state legislation regarding AI may be adopted, which could negatively impact the Company’s business operations. Further, any new regulations regarding technology or AI that impact the Company’s business would increase its compliance costs and risks of regulatory proceedings against it. Should the Company be unable to comply with any applicable technology or AI regulations, its business operations, financial condition and results of operation will be adversely affected. In addition, the Company uses an AI product developed by MagicBlocks, a company in which it has a minority interest. If the Company is unable to use this AI product in the future, it may experience additional costs and business disruptions.
In addition, the emergent nature of AI presents numerous risks and uncertainties, including the potential for defects in the design and development of the technologies used to automate processes, misapplication of technologies, the reliance on data, rules or assumptions that may prove inaccurate, incomplete or inadequate, information security vulnerabilities and failure to meet customer expectations. For example, the use of AI algorithms may give rise to operational or legal issues due to perceived or actual unintentional bias in the processing and servicing of mortgage loans. While we aim to use and to partner with organizations that use AI responsibly, we or organizations with whom we do business may be unsuccessful in identifying or resolving issues before they arise or navigating the complex and evolving landscape inherent in AI and other novel technologies, including regulatory implications and competitive forces. We and many of our competitors and other market participants are beginning to deploy AI and machine learning technology into a growing number of systems and processes. As such, our ability to successfully adopt, implement, maintain and oversee AI and other technological advancements into our processes efficiently and effectively, and to establish systems and protocols and otherwise prepare for and address the myriad of potential issues that could arise with respect thereto, will impact our future competitiveness and operating results and capabilities, and any failure to do so by us and our strategic partners could materially adversely affect our business and prospects.
Further, if the content, analyses, or recommendations that the AI uses to assist the Company in processing loans and servicing customers are or are alleged to be deficient, inaccurate, or biased, it could be subject to reputational harm and legal liability, either of which could result in a diversion of management’s attention. The use of AI in the Company’s business may also result in cybersecurity incidents. Because the Company’s use of AI involves the collection of its customers’ personal information and data, it is possible that cybersecurity incidents or breaches of the AI it uses could result in the exposure of its customers’ personal information and data. Any such cybersecurity incident could adversely affect its business, create legal liability, result in operational downtime, result in reputational harm, and negatively impact the Company’s financial condition. State and federal legislation or regulations regarding AI which may be adopted or enforced in the future could negatively impact the Company’s business operations. Any new regulations or the occurrence of one or more of the risks and uncertainties described above regarding technology or AI that impact the Company’s business would increase its compliance costs and risks of regulatory proceedings against it, which could materially harm our operating results and financial condition. We are not certain and are unable to predict how present or future AI legislation will affect us.
Because the mortgage lending business is subject to various telecommunications, data protection and privacy laws and regulations, as well as various consumer protection laws, including predatory lending laws, its failure to comply with such laws can result in material adverse effects and financial losses.
The Company’s mortgage business is currently subject to a variety of, and may in the future become subject to additional U.S. federal, state, and local laws and regulations that are continuously evolving and developing, including laws on advertising, as well as privacy laws and regulations, such as the TCPA, the Telemarketing Sales Rule, the CAN-SPAM Act, the GLBA, and, at the state level, numerous state privacy laws such as the CCPA.
These types of laws and regulations directly impact the Company’s business and require ongoing compliance, monitoring and internal and external audits as they continue to evolve and may result in ever-increasing public and regulatory scrutiny and escalating levels of enforcement and sanctions. Subsequent changes to data protection and privacy laws and regulations could also impact how the Company processes personal information and, therefore, limit the effectiveness of its product offerings or its ability to operate or expand its business, including limiting strategic relationships that may involve the sharing of personal information.
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The Company must also comply with a number of federal and state consumer protection laws and regulations including, among others, the TILA, RESPA, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the FCRA, the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003, the Red Flags Rule, the Fair Housing Act, the EFTA, the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, the Military Lending Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the Homeowners Protection Act, the HMDA, the HOEPA, the SAFE Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act, the FTC Credit Practices Rules and the FTC Telemarketing Sales Rule, the Mortgage Acts and Practices Advertising Rule, the BSA and anti-money laundering requirements, the FCPA, the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act and related state-specific versions of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Dodd-Frank Act Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd Frank Act”) and other U.S. federal and state laws prohibiting unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices as well as the Bankruptcy Code and state foreclosure laws. These statutes apply to loan production, loan servicing, marketing, use of credit reports or credit-based scores, safeguarding of nonpublic, personally identifiable information about its customers, foreclosure and claims handling, investment of and interest payments on escrow balances and escrow payment features, and mandate certain disclosures and notices to customers.
In particular, U.S. federal, state and local laws have been enacted that are designed to discourage predatory lending and servicing practices. The HOEPA prohibits inclusion of certain provisions in residential loans that have mortgage rates or origination fees in excess of prescribed levels and requires that borrowers be given certain disclosures prior to origination. Some states have enacted, or may enact, similar laws or regulations which, in some cases, impose restrictions and requirements greater than those imposed by the HOEPA. In addition, under the anti-predatory lending laws of some states, the production of certain residential loans, including loans that are not classified as “high cost” loans under applicable law, must satisfy a net tangible benefits test with respect to the related borrower. This test may be highly subjective and open to interpretation. As a result, a court may determine that a residential loan, for example, does not meet the test even if the related originator reasonably believed that the test was satisfied. Failure of residential loan originators or servicers to comply with these laws, to the extent any of their residential loans are or become part of its mortgage-related assets, could subject the Company, as an originator, to monetary penalties and could result in the borrowers rescinding the affected loans. Lawsuits have been brought in various states making claims against originators, servicers, assignees and purchasers of high-cost loans for violations of state law. Named defendants in these cases have included numerous participants within the secondary mortgage market. Due to its size and financial condition, the Company faces greater challenges in defending litigation. If the Company’s loans are found to have been produced in violation of predatory or abusive lending laws, it could be subject to lawsuits or governmental actions or it could be fined or incur losses and incur reputational damage.
The Company’s failure to comply with applicable U.S. federal and state lending, telecommunications, data protection, privacy and consumer protection laws could lead to:
| ● | loss of its licenses and approvals to engage in its lending, servicing and brokering businesses; | |
| ● | damage to its reputation in the industry; | |
| ● | governmental investigations and enforcement actions, which also could involve allegations that such compliance failures demonstrate weaknesses in the Company’s compliance systems; | |
| ● | administrative fines and penalties and litigation; | |
| ● | civil and criminal liability, including class action lawsuits and defenses to foreclosure; | |
| ● | diminished ability to sell loans that it originates or brokers, requirements to sell such loans at a discount compared to other loans or repurchase or address indemnification claims from purchasers of such loans, including the GSEs; and | |
| ● | inability to execute on its business strategy, including its growth plans. |
Since the lending laws and regulations to which the Company is subject are constantly evolving, its compliance costs continue to increase.
As with any regulated business, the smaller the business, the more difficult it is to comply with applicable laws and regulations. Similarly, smaller companies like the Company are more adversely affect by compliance costs. Large competitors have substantially greater financial resources and revenue to be able pay for and absorb the compliance costs in contrast to the Company.
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As federal and state laws evolve, it may be more difficult for the Company to identify legal and regulatory developments comprehensively, to interpret changes accurately, and to train its team members effectively with respect to these laws and regulations. Adding to these difficulties, laws may conflict with each other and, if the Company complies with the laws of one jurisdiction, it may find that it is violating the laws of another jurisdiction. These difficulties potentially increase its exposure to the risks of noncompliance with these laws and regulations, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business. In addition, the Company’s failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in reduced payments by customers, modification of the original terms of loans, permanent forgiveness of debt, delays or defenses in the foreclosure process, increased servicing advances, litigation, enforcement actions and repurchase and indemnification obligations, as well as potential allegations that such compliance failures demonstrate weaknesses in its compliance systems. A failure to adequately supervise the Company’s service providers and vendors, including outside foreclosure counsel, may also have a material adverse effect.
The laws and regulations applicable to the Company are subject to administrative or judicial interpretation, but some of these laws and regulations have been recently enacted and may not be interpreted yet or may be interpreted infrequently or inconsistently. Ambiguities in applicable laws and regulations may leave uncertainty with respect to permitted or restricted conduct and may make compliance with laws and risk assessment decisions with respect to compliance with laws difficult and uncertain. In addition, ambiguities make it difficult, in certain circumstances, to determine if, and how, compliance violations may be cured. The adoption by industry participants of different interpretations of these laws and regulations has added uncertainty and complexity to compliance. the Company may fail to comply with applicable statutes and regulations even if acting in good faith, due to a lack of clarity regarding the interpretation of such laws and regulations, which may lead to regulatory investigations, governmental enforcement actions or private causes of action with respect to the Company’s compliance.
To resolve issues raised in examinations or other governmental actions, the Company may be required to take various corrective actions, including changing certain business practices, making refunds or taking other actions that could be financially or competitively detrimental to its. In addition, certain legislative actions and judicial decisions could give rise to the initiation of lawsuits against it for activities it conducted in the past. Furthermore, provisions in the Company’s mortgage loan and other loan product documentation, including but not limited to the mortgage and promissory notes it uses in loan originations, could be construed as unenforceable by a court. the Company expects to incur continued costs in complying with applicable government laws and regulations.
If the Company fails to comply with laws and regulations regarding its use of telemarketing, including the TCPA, it could increase its operating costs and materially and adversely impact its business, financial condition and results of operations, and prospects.
In its mortgage lending business, the Company engages in outbound telephone and text communications with consumers and accordingly must comply with a number of laws and regulations that govern said communications and the use of automatic telephone dialing systems (“ATDS”), including the TCPA and Telemarketing Sales Rules. The FCC and the FTC have responsibility for regulating various aspects of these laws. Among other requirements, the TCPA requires the Company to obtain prior express written consent for certain telemarketing calls and to adhere to “do-not-call” registry requirements which, in part, mandate the Company maintain and regularly update lists of consumers who have chosen not to be called and restrict calls to consumers who are on the national do-not-call list. Many states have similar consumer protection laws regulating telemarketing. These laws limit the Company’s ability to communicate with consumers and reduce the effectiveness of its marketing programs. The TCPA does not distinguish between voice and data, and, as such, SMS/MMS messages are also “calls” for the purpose of TCPA obligations and restrictions.
For violations of the TCPA, the law provides for a private right of action under which a plaintiff may recover monetary damages of $500 for each call or text made in violation of the prohibitions on calls made using an “artificial or pre-recorded voice” or an ATDS. A court may treble the amount of damages upon a finding of a “willful or knowing” violation. There is no statutory cap on maximum aggregate exposure (although some courts have applied in TCPA class actions constitutional limits on excessive penalties). An action may be brought by the FCC, a state attorney general, an individual, or a class of individuals. If in the future the Company is found to have violated the TCPA, the amount of damages and potential liability could be extensive and materially and adversely impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Accordingly, were such a class certified or if the Company is unable to successfully defend such a suit, then TCPA damages could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Moreover, defense of any class action is expensive and may divert employees from their normal tasks.
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If the Company is unable to comply with the TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure (the “TRID rules”), its business and operations could be materially and adversely affected.
The CFPB implemented loan disclosure requirements, to combine and amend certain TILA and RESPA disclosures. The TRID rules significantly changed consumer-facing disclosure rules and added certain waiting periods to allow consumers time to shop for and consider the loan terms after receiving the required disclosures. If the Company fails to comply with the TRID rules, including but not limited to disclosure timing requirements and the requirements related to disclosing fees within applicable tolerance thresholds, it may be unable to sell loans that it originates, it may be required to sell such loans at a discount compared to other loans, or it may be subject to repurchase or indemnification demands from purchasers or insurers/guarantors of such loans. Further, the right to rescind certain loans could be extended, the Company could be required to issue refunds to consumers, and it could be subject to regulatory action, penalties, or civil litigation.
Federal and state lending laws regulate the Company’s strategic relationships with third-party partnerships and vendors; a determination that it has failed to comply with such laws could require restructuring of the relationships, result in material financial liabilities, and expose the Company to regulatory enforcement and litigation risk, and/or diminish the value of these relationships.
The Company must comply with a number of federal and state lending laws including, among others, RESPA, TILA and HMDA. Because its business relies on strategic relationships with third parties and affiliates, it is particularly important that it comply with RESPA, which requires lenders to make certain disclosures to mortgage loan borrowers regarding their settlement costs and affiliate relationships with other settlement service providers, and prohibits kickbacks, referral fees, and unearned fees associated with settlement service business. RESPA-related risk arises, for example, to the extent that certain services provided by one of the Company’s affiliates or third-party partners are considered to be settlement services, consumers are not able to choose whether such services are provided by the affiliate or the Company, and consumers are deemed to pay a charge attributable to such services, or if loans are deemed not purchased in the secondary market at fair market value. Additionally, it is important that the Company comply with TILA and other applicable federal and state laws. Risks related to such laws arise, for example, if points and fees for a transaction exceed certain applicable thresholds, loan originator compensation requirements (including incentive compensation requirements) are not satisfied, and/or TRID or other required disclosures are determined to be noncompliant, and these laws are subject to interpretational complexities in the co-branded mortgage broker context. In addition, the Company’s lead generation and advertising activities and strategic relationships carry RESPA-related risk depending on certain factors, such as whether a third-party endorses or refers business to the Company, whether any payments between the parties constitute fair market value, and any potential direct or indirect benefit to its third-party partners in addition to benefits provided directly to consumers. Federal and state regulators or courts could adopt interpretations of laws and regulations-including with respect to RESPA and its governance over affiliated business arrangements, bona fide joint ventures and marketing services arrangements, TILA’s provisions applicable to transactions involving mortgage brokers, and other disclosure requirements-that could increase the regulatory risk and scrutiny of the Company’s affiliate and third-party strategic relationships, raise licensing/registration questions, require restructuring of these relationships (as well as suspend its operations in a given jurisdiction pending such restructuring), result in financial liabilities (including indemnification, repurchase demands or financial penalties), carry litigation risk (including, potentially, false claim-related risk), and/or diminish the value of these relationships.
If the Company fails to comply with employment and labor laws and regulations could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The Company is subject to a variety of federal and state employment and labor laws and regulations, including the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act, and other laws related to working conditions, wage-hour pay, over-time pay, employee benefits, anti-discrimination, and termination of employment. Noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations could subject the Company to investigations, sanctions, enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, fines, damages, civil and criminal penalties, or injunctions. An adverse outcome in any such litigation could require the Company to pay contractual damages, compensatory damages, punitive damages, attorneys’ fees and costs.
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Claims, enforcement actions, or other proceedings could harm the Company’s reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. The Company could be materially and adversely affected by any such litigation. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
The market price of our shares of common stock has been volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.
The market price of shares of our common stock may fluctuate and has fluctuated significantly in response to factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:
| ● | the impact of interest rates on our business; | |
| ● | our liquidity and capital raising efforts; | |
| ● | the expansion of our business including through strategic transactions and initiatives; | |
| ● | our success in implementing our SaaS and BeelineEquity businesses; | |
| ● | our ability to increase our business and reduce expenses; | |
| ● | our ability to solve our liquidity issues; | |
| ● | our common stock remaining listed on Nasdaq; | |
| ● | expansion of our business; | |
| ● | the impact of interest rates on the Company’s business; | |
| ● | our ability to increase revenue and reduce expenses; | |
| ● | actual or anticipated variations in operating results; | |
| ● | additions or departures of key personnel including our executive officers; | |
| ● | the impact of the war in Ukraine and geopolitical conflicts in the Middle East and Latin America; | |
| ● | the actions taken by the Trump administration on the economy; | |
| ● | the possibility of a recession or market down-turn; | |
| ● | cybersecurity attacks or data privacy issues involving our products or operations; | |
| ● | announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, capital commitments, significant contracts, or other material developments that may affect our prospects; | |
| ● | the impact of AI on the economy and jobs; | |
| ● | adverse regulatory developments; or | |
| ● | general market conditions including factors unrelated to our operating performance |
Recently, the US stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations due to, among other factors, concerns involving the social and economic impact of AI and the potentially inflated valuations of businesses with a focus on AI technologies, the unpredictability of actions of the Trump administration particularly with regard to trade wars and tariffs and attacks on the Federal Reserve, the Federal Reserve decisions on interest rates particularly in the short term, the impact of tariffs and trade wars and the outcome of the tariff litigation, supply chain shortages, recession fears, and geopolitical turmoil including the war in Ukraine, and conflicts in the Middle East and Latin America. These and other factors have contributed to extreme volatility in the stock market in 2025 and thus far in 2026. Continued market fluctuations could result in extreme market volatility in the price of our common stock which could cause a decline in the value of our common stock.
Although the stock market is at or near record highs, there are a number of underlying economic and geopolitical risks that could result in an adverse economic outlook that could affect our prospects. For example, while the Federal Reserve recently reduced interest rates in late 2025, there is the potential that combined with ongoing tariffs and uncertainties arising from certain litigation, the economy may face another inflationary spike. Further, there have been signs of declining consumer sentiment, continued concerns over affordability and the inability of consumers to purchase homes or apartments, reduced demand (including for real property), a deteriorating labor market and other factors that could result in a decline in the capital markets and the U.S. economy. Ultimately the economy may deteriorate into a recession with uncertain and potentially severe impacts upon the public capital markets and us. Among the potential consequences could be a substantial decline in stock prices including ours, a reduction in demand for securities of public companies (which may be more prevalent for smaller companies such as us) and more difficulty for us to raise capital we need and accessing capital on favorable terms or at all as a result. These and related consequences could also impact our vendors which could have negative impacts on us and our operations. We cannot predict how this will affect our business, but the impact may be material and adverse.
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A failure to maintain our Nasdaq listing could negatively impact our future capital-raising abilities.
In 2024, the Company failed to comply with two applicable Nasdaq Listing Rules and received non-compliance letters. One letter was financial in nature. The Company was notified that Nasdaq is continuing to monitor its compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), which requires a listed company to maintain stockholders’ equity of at least $2.5 million (the “Stockholders’ Equity Rule”). While the Company believes it has regained compliance with the Stockholders Equity Rule as the result of its merger with Old Beeline, there can be no assurances that we will not violate such rule again in the future. The second deficiency relates to the minimum bid price being below $1.00. While we effected a reverse stock split at a ratio of 1-for-10 to increase our stock price in March 2025, there are no assurances that this reverse split and other events will allow us to maintain the minimum bid price required to comply with Nasdaq’s rules. In addition, Nasdaq rules precludes listed issuers that have already effected a reverse split within the prior one-year period from receiving a grace period for bid price deficiencies. Additionally, this Nasdaq rule also provides that a reverse split cannot be used to cure a bid price deficiency if there have been two or more reverse splits within a two-year period and the combined ratios of such reverse splits are 250:1 or greater. These rules make it difficult to cure a bid price deficiency if the timing and circumstances are such that we cannot obtain a grace period or otherwise take the necessary actions and obtain the required approvals to effect a reverse split before a bid price deficiency occurs. If the Company’s common stock is delisted it would negatively impact the Company’s ability to raise capital and negatively impact our stockholders’ ability to trade their common stock.
The sale or issuance of our common stock under our equity line of credit or at-the-market offering facility and other financing transactions we may undertake will create dilution to our other stockholders and could cause the price of our common stock to fall, and such transactions may not be effective in raising sufficient capital as and when needed.
Pursuant to the ELOC Agreement, as amended, we may sell up to an additional $12.5 million of our common stock to the purchaser thereunder. In addition, pursuant to our ATM Agreement, we may sell up to an additional $15.0 million of our common stock. The shares of common stock that may be sold by us at our discretion from time-to-time, subject to certain terms and conditions. The purchase price for the shares that we may sell under these financing arrangements will fluctuate based on the price of our common stock. Further, sales made under the ELOC Agreement will be at a discount to the market prices of the common stock. Depending on market liquidity at the time, sales of such shares may cause the trading price of our common stock to fall. Additionally, the amount that we may sell under these arrangements will be limited to the daily trading dollar volume on the day of, or day before, the applicable put of shares of common stock, as well as certain other limitations set forth in the applicable agreement. These limitations will limit our ability to raise capital under these arrangements, and may significantly delay the amount of time it takes us to raise capital thereunder, which could prove harmful to us and our ability to meet our working capital and operational needs through use of these financing arrangements.
Sales by us under the ELOC Agreement and ATM Agreement and other financing we may undertake could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our common stock. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales.
If obtaining sufficient funding from these offerings were to prove unavailable or prohibitively dilutive, we will need to secure another source of funding in order to satisfy our working capital needs. Even if we sell the maximum amount available under the ELOC Agreement and ATM Agreement, we may still need additional capital to fully implement our business, operating and development plans. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it or expose us to substantial restrictive covenants or limitations, the consequences could be a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.
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Further, certain of our outstanding derivatives securities, including convertible preferred stock and warrants, contain anti-dilution price protection provisions which provide for adjustments to conversion and exercise prices, and an increase in the shares underlying such securities, if we sell shares at a per share price below the applicable conversion or exercise price. Therefore, to the extent we issue shares at prices that are lower than these conversion and exercise prices and we do not obtain waivers of these provisions, these conversion and exercise prices will be lowered to the new lower sale price, and the shares of common stock underlying such securities will increase accordingly. This would cause additional dilution to our common stockholders and result in our receiving less cash upon exercise of warrants.
It is not possible to predict the number of shares we will sell nor the prices at which we will sell the shares in such transactions, the amount of proceeds we will raise and the timing thereof including whether they will be sufficient for our working capital needs and business plans (including the timely payment of our debt obligations), nor the consequences (including dilution to existing stockholders) which may result therefrom.
We are incurring significant additional costs as a result of being a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to compliance with our public company responsibilities and corporate governance practices.
As a public company, we are incurring increased costs associated with corporate governance requirements, including rules and regulations of the SEC under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Customer Protection Act of 2010, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as well as Nasdaq rules. These rules and regulations are expected to significantly increase our accounting, legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time consuming, including due to increased training of our current employees, additional hiring of new employees, and increased assistance from consultants. The SEC’s cybersecurity rules increased our compliance costs. These rules and regulations also make it more expensive for us to maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our Board, or as executive officers. Furthermore, these rules and regulations increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur by virtue of being a public company or the timing of such costs in the future. In addition, our management team is required to devote substantial attention to interacting with the investment community and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies, which may divert attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, including operational, sales and marketing activities. Increases in costs incurred or diversion of management’s attention as a result of our being a publicly traded company may adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Our failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal controls over financial reporting could have an adverse impact on us.
We are required to establish and maintain appropriate disclosure controls and internal controls over financial reporting. Failure to establish those controls, or any failure of those controls once established, could adversely impact our public disclosures regarding our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, management’s assessment of internal controls over financial reporting has identified and may in the future identify weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed or other matters that may raise concerns for investors. Any actual or perceived weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in our internal control over financial reporting, disclosure of management’s assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting may have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.
If we raise capital in the future, it is likely to dilute our existing stockholders’ ownership and/or have other adverse effects on us, our securities or our operations.
Because we must raise capital principally through the sale of equity including securities convertible into common stock, if we are successful our existing stockholders’ percentage ownership will decrease, and these stockholders may experience substantial dilution. Additionally, the issuance of additional shares of common stock or other securities could result in a decline in our stock price. Further, if we are required to raise additional funds by issuing debt instruments, these debt instruments could impose significant restrictions on our operations, including liens on our assets and negative covenants prohibiting us from engaging in certain transactions or corporate actions that may have the effect of limiting our ability to pursue our business strategy and growth objectives. Our ability to raise debt, however, is subject to complying the Nasdaq Stockholders’ stockholders’ equity rule.
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Common stock eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market.
We have a substantial number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of our outstanding stock options and warrants. Certain of these outstanding derivative securities are subject to adjustment provisions which may result in increased shares of common stock underlying such securities and/or lower conversion or exercise prices based on security issuances we have made and may undertake in the future. In addition, we plan to sell and issue additional shares of common stock and/or common stock equivalents to fund and further our operating needs and strategic initiatives.
Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the anticipation of these sales, could materially and adversely affect market prices prevailing from time-to-time, and could impair our ability to raise capital through sales of equity or equity-related securities. In addition, the market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares of our common stock in the market or the perception that these sales may occur.
Our Board may authorize and issue shares of new series of preferred stock that could be superior to or adversely affect current holders of our common stock.
Our Board has the power to authorize and issue shares of classes of stock, including preferred stock that have voting powers, designations, preferences, limitations and special rights, including preferred distribution rights, conversion rights, redemption rights and liquidation rights without further stockholder approval which could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock. In addition, our Board could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that is convertible into our common stock, which could result in dilution to our existing common stockholders.
Any of these actions could significantly adversely affect the investment made by holders of our common stock. Holders of common stock could potentially not receive dividends that they might otherwise have received. In addition, holders of our common stock could receive less proceeds in connection with any future sale of the Company, in liquidation or on any other basis.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our common stock, the market price for our common stock and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business. If one or more analysts who cover us downgrade our common stock, the market price for our common stock would likely decline.
We have never paid dividends on our common stock and we do not expect to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future.
Except for dividends we are required to pay on our preferred stock. We intend to retain earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business and do not intend to pay cash dividends on shares of our common stock in the foreseeable future. The payment of future cash dividends, if any, depend upon, among other things, conditions then existing including earnings, financial condition and capital requirements, restrictions in financing agreements, business opportunities and other factors. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock, will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.
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Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
Item 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Like
all companies that utilize electronic technology, we are subject to threats of breaches of our technology systems. To mitigate the threat
to our business, we take a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity risk management.
Item 2. PROPERTIES
The Company’s principal office is located at 188 Valley Street, Suite 225, in Providence, Rhode Island where it has a long-term lease of 9,282 square feet with current rent of $17,883 per month. The lease expires in 2027. The Company’s other key facility is located in Burleigh Heads, Australia where an Australian subsidiary leases 527 square feet at a rent of $5,883 per month. In addition, the Company leases small offices in executive suites at three business offices and three virtual Regus offices in Virginia, Texas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, and California. The total monthly cost for these facilities is $3,650.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, the Company is a party to, or otherwise involved in, legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. As of the date of this Report, except as set forth below, the Company is not currently subject to any other material legal proceedings; however, it could be subject to legal proceedings and claims from time to time in the ordinary course of its business, or legal proceedings it considered immaterial may in the future become material. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can, among other things, be time consuming and expensive to resolve, and can divert management resources.
On October 7, 2025, Mendez et. al. v. Optimal Blue, LLC, et. al. filed a class action complaint in the US District Court, Middle District of Tennessee alleging the Company’s use of Optimal Blue’s pricing software violated federal antitrust laws against 28 defendants, including Beeline Loans, a subsidiary of the Company. On February 23, 2026, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint removing 17 defendants, adding additional plaintiffs and adding additional description of Optimal Blue’s products to the complaint. Beeline Loans remains a defendant in the amended complaint. The Company intends to defend the case vigorously.
Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock trades on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BLNE.”
Stockholders
The registrar and transfer agent for our shares of common stock is Transfer Online, Inc. 512 SE Salmon Street, Portland, Oregon 97214 (Telephone: (503) 227-2950)).
As of March 31, 2026, there were 30,647,369 shares of our common stock outstanding, which were held by 174 record stockholders. The number of record holders was determined from the records of our transfer agent and does not include beneficial owners of shares of common stock whose shares are held in the names of various security brokers, dealers, and registered clearing agencies.
Dividend Policy
We have not paid cash dividends on our common stock since our inception, and we do not contemplate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Except as disclosed under Part II – Item 9.B. – Other Information under “Unregistered Sales,” all recent sales of unregistered securities have previously been disclosed.
Repurchase of Securities
None.
Item 6. [Reserved]
Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
In this Form 10-K and in other documents incorporated herein, as well as in oral statements made by the Company, statements that are prefaced with the words “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “continue,” “estimate,” “project,” “intend,” “designed,” and similar expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements regarding events, conditions, and financial trends that may affect the Company’s future plans of operations, business strategy, results of operations, and financial position. These statements are based on the Company’s current expectations and estimates as to prospective events and circumstances about which the Company can give no assurance. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect future events or circumstances. Forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a prediction of actual future financial condition or results. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or anticipated. Such risks and uncertainties include the factors set forth above and the other information set forth in this Form 10-K.
Objective
The following discussion provides an analysis of the financial condition, cash flows and results of operations from management’s perspective of Beeline Holdings, Inc. which we refer to herein as “Beeline” or the “Company”. Our objective is to provide discussion of events and uncertainties known to management that are reasonably likely to cause the reported financial information not to be indicative of future operating results or of future financial condition and to also offer information that provides an understanding of our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
See Item 1A – Business for a description of our history including the Merger.
The discussion which follows should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements contained in this Report.
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Our Business
Beeline Loans, Beeline Title Holdings, Beeline Labs, and their subsidiaries, operate a full-service, direct-to-consumer digital mortgage lender specializing in conventional conforming and non-conforming residential first-lien mortgages, a title provider offering title, escrow, and closing services, and a technology platform licensing a proprietary software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) product.
Additionally, BeelineEquity, through its technology platform, supports a fractional equity product in partnership with TYTL, which is the issuer of Real World Asset tokens and the operator of the underlying platform. TYTL acquires, administers, and manages minority, deeded ownership interests in owner-occupied, single-family primary residences and operates the on-chain infrastructure used to record portfolio economics, valuation, and asset backing.
The Company’s performance is influenced by several key factors, including fluctuations in interest rates, economic conditions, housing supply, technological advancements, and its ability to acquire and retain customers. Interest rate changes have a direct impact on mortgage loan refinancing and overall mortgage loan volume. In a declining interest rate environment, refinancing activity typically increases, whereas rising interest rates tend to reduce refinancing and home purchase transactions. However, higher rates can also drive demand for cash-out refinancings and home equity loans. Following a prolonged period of historically low rates, interest rates began to rise in April 2021 due to inflation, increases in the federal funds rate, and other monetary policies. This upward trend, which continued through November 2023 and resulted in higher interest rates which remain at elevated levels as of the date of this Report, significantly reduced mortgage market activity and the pool of borrowers who could benefit from refinancing. Additionally, higher rates discourage homebuyers from entering the market and lead to a more competitive lending environment, compressing margins and reducing origination volumes.
The broader economic environment plays a crucial role in mortgage lending activity. Interest rate movements, employment trends, home price appreciation, and consumer confidence all affect mortgage origination volumes. Typically, home sales peak in the second and third quarters, but in 2022 and 2023, rising interest rates and ongoing housing supply constraints disrupted these seasonal trends. Despite steady consumer demand for credit, high interest rates and economic uncertainty may cause borrowers to delay financing decisions, leading to fluctuations in the Company’s revenue and financial performance.
Limited housing supply has constrained home purchase activity. Rising interest rates have further exacerbated this issue by increasing home financing costs, reducing affordability, and discouraging transactions. However, the Company believes that persistent imbalances between supply and demand will ultimately drive greater home construction, expanding housing inventory and stimulating future mortgage activity.
The Company’s ability to attract and retain customers depends on delivering a seamless and competitive digital mortgage experience. The shift toward digital transactions, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has increased consumer willingness to engage in high-value online purchases, including mortgage applications. The Company’s platform is designed to provide a convenient and efficient digital experience, positioning it favorably against traditional mortgage origination methods. With Millennial and Generation Z homeownership interest on the rise, the Company anticipates continued growth in demand for digital mortgage solutions.
Technological innovation remains central to the Company’s strategy. The Company’s proprietary technology enhances efficiency, reduces costs, and improves loan processing quality. By automating key origination tasks and embracing task-based processing, the Company streamlines interactions for consumers, employees, and partners. Its intuitive digital interface minimizes reliance on paper applications and manual processes, enabling faster and more efficient loan transactions. Continued investment in automation and technology development will further reduce mortgage production costs and enhance customer acquisition efforts.
Customer acquisition is another critical component of the Company’s success. The Company aims to expand its reach while providing a highly personalized digital experience. If traditional customer acquisition methods prove insufficient, especially in challenging market conditions, the Company may need to invest additional resources in sales and marketing to maintain growth. Increased digital marketing expenditures could elevate service costs, making it essential to balance customer acquisition efforts with cost efficiency.
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In the ordinary course of the Company’s operations, it finances the majority of its loan volume on a short-term basis, typically less than 10 days, mainly utilizing three warehouse lines of credit with a combined borrowing capacity of $25.0 million. The repayments of the Company’s borrowings come from the revenue generated by selling its loans to a network of institutional investors.
In 2024, the Company made significant investments in its platform to leverage mortgage origination opportunities, despite overall lower volumes compared to 2020 and 2021 due to fluctuating interest rates. In the fourth quarter of 2025, a temporary decline in the 10-year Treasury rate drove a notable increase in loan originations, reinforcing the Company’s belief that interest rates, housing supply, and affordability will remain key factors influencing future volume. Additionally, the Company is expanding its focus on its B2B SaaS strategy, which is also subject to macroeconomic conditions.
To measure operational efficiency and growth, the Company tracks a range of performance metrics in its lending and title businesses, including production data. Beeline Loans, the principal operating subsidiary of the Company, uses data to track margin and net gain-on-sale of loans revenue. The title companies use data to track per file revenue. The Company uses industry tools to benchmark its margin and note rates against the broader mortgage origination market. The Company also evaluates key business drivers for its subsidiaries by monitoring originations, margin, unit sales, and pull through. Additionally, the Company assesses customer acquisition costs and revenue per loan to optimize financial performance. These key indicators help gauge progress toward our strategic and long-term growth objectives.
Recent Developments
Business Trends
Through year-end 2025, inflation continued to moderate compared with the peaks of 2022–2023, but progress proved uneven relative to 2024. After trending down through much of 2024 and into early 2025—supported by normalized supply chains, softer goods prices, and generally stable energy markets—the pace of disinflation slowed in the second half of 2025. By late summer and into September 2025, headline Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) moved back up to approximately 3.0% year-over-year, compared with readings closer to the mid-2% range earlier in the year and during parts of 2024. This reversal highlighted the continued stickiness of underlying price pressures.
Housing costs continued to carry significant weight in the index. Although the month-over-month increase in housing slowed meaningfully at times during 2025 (including modest monthly gains late in the year), the year-over-year rate remained elevated and a primary contributor to overall CPI.
The full economic impact of U.S. and foreign tariff actions implemented during 2024–2025 and subsequent developments relating thereto, as well as broader geopolitical developments, remains uncertain. Potential supply-side effects, retaliatory measures, and input-cost pass-through could introduce renewed volatility or upward pressure in select categories.
Given this mixed backdrop—continued moderation relative to prior peaks but persistent services inflation and episodic energy volatility—the Federal Reserve has signaled a cautious stance. Although the approximately 3.0% headline rate observed in 2025 represents substantial progress from the highs of 2022–2023, it remains above the Federal Reserve’s 2% longer-run target, suggesting that policy normalization is likely to proceed gradually and remain data-dependent.
In response to a softening labor market and concerns about economic growth amid high interest rates, the Federal Reserve implemented several interest rate cuts in late 2025, bringing the federal funds rate target range down to 3.50% to 3.75%. This shift in policy aimed to stimulate an economy showing signs of strain, particularly among some consumer segments, but ongoing uncertainty about trade policies and the full impact of tariffs, tariff refunds, and other developments related thereto on import costs meant businesses remained cautious. Companies were focused on integrating AI for efficiency and resilience in supply chains, while navigating complex and evolving expectations regarding cybersecurity and human capital management disclosures in their regulatory filings. Due to the current conflict with Iran, there may be an increase in interest rates to combat inflationary pressures.
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BeelineEquity
On June 25, 2025, Beeline Title closed, what it believes to be one of the first-ever fractional sale of home real estate with TYTL who funds these transactions for us through the sale of a crypto token which is backed by real property. While neither the Company, nor its subsidiaries, mints or receives the token, Beeline Title handles the settlement and title portions of these transactions for TYTL, who is minting the token (see below for more information about TYTL). The June transaction marked a major milestone in the evolution of blockchain-driven real estate finance, bridging decentralized finance with traditional title and escrow services.
As cryptocurrency adoption accelerates and becomes regulated by federal and state governments, the Company is positioning itself as a leader in this fast-moving ecosystem, offering trusted infrastructure to help lenders scale into a future where crypto and compliance go hand-in-hand. The Company collaborates with TYTL in which the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Nicholas Liuzza is a principal stockholder. TYTL funds the transactions through the sale of a cryptocurrency token which is backed by real property. See Note 24 – Related Party Transactions, in the footnotes to the financial statements contained in this Report.
Through December 31, 2025, the Company derived $22,009 of revenue from this business. The Company provides title insurance services and an owner’s title policy to TYTL as the buyer of the fractional equity. Beeline Title does not assume any unusual liability in favor of TYTL. Beeline Title simply transacts in the normal course of business on these purchase transactions, issuing the owner’s title insurance policy and acting as settlement/escrow agent. In any title transaction, the title agency will incur liability for potential losses under the title policy if the underlying title work is faulty for any reason or fraud or other errors exist that could not have been discovered at the time of policy issuance. Beeline Title has Errors and Omissions insurance in addition to other insurance coverages for any such issues.
Beeline Labs
In July 2025, the Company’s subsidiary, Beeline Labs, launched BlinkQC, a SaaS platform designed to automate pre-close “QC” reviews for mortgage loan files. Beeline Loans uses BlinkQC in its own operation for its pre-close QC. In late 2026, Beeline Labs plans to license BlinkQC as SaaS to other mortgage companies. BlinkQC uses artificial intelligence to ingest loan document packages, extract and validate data, apply customizable rule sets, and generate compliance reports. Critical data points are being collected from the Beeline Labs launch and integrations are set to start in late 2026 opening BlinkQC up to over 1,000 Banks and Independent Mortgage Banks. The Beeline Labs data and integrations are essential for a broader launch.
The initial release will support conventional loan packages and will be offered on a flat rate per package. Based on current cost estimates, the product is expected to achieve gross margins of approximately 50%. Future enhancements, including FHA/VA loan support and integrations with loan origination systems, are in development.
Management believes BlinkQC will improve QC efficiency for mortgage lenders and represents a potential source of incremental revenue for the Company.
Results of Operations
The Merger was structured and accounted for as a business combination with the Company as the acquirer of 100% of the controlling equity interests of Beeline Financial and its subsidiaries. The Company’s consolidated financial statements reflect the final purchase accounting adjustments in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, whereby the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. Due to the Merger, management believes that the consolidated results of operations for 2025 are not directly comparable to those of 2024, as the prior year reflects the performance of the corporate segment and Beeline Financial’s results for the period October 8, 2024 to December 31, 2024.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations or cash flows.
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As a result of the Merger, the Company will amortize $15.2 million related to internal-use software over a five-year period ending October 2029 and $0.4 million related to customer data over a four-year period ending October 2028. This Merger-related amortization is $0.8 million each quarter and is non-cash.
Given these structural changes, management believes that segment-level reporting provides a more meaningful basis for evaluating performance. Accordingly, a comparative analysis of the Company’s operating segments is presented below, which more accurately reflects the ongoing composition of the business.
On November 17, 2025, the Company and minority partners of Nimble Title Holdings, LLC (“Nimble”) entered into a Dissolution Agreement, whereby the relationships contemplated by the LLC Agreement were terminated and Nimble and its subsidiaries were subsequently dissolved on November 25, 2025.
The assets and liabilities of Nimble and its subsidiaries have been classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2024. The operating results of Nimble and its subsidiaries have been classified as discontinued operations during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The consolidated financial statements for the prior periods have been adjusted to reflect comparable information.
Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Consolidated Results
| (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2025 | 2024 (1) | ||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||
| Beeline Loans | $ | 6,391 | $ | 918 | ||||
| Beeline Title Holdings | 1,379 | 192 | ||||||
| Total net revenues | $ | 7,770 | $ | 1,110 | ||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ | (22,666 | ) | $ | (2,392 | ) | ||
| Net loss | $ | (23,381 | ) | $ | (13,076 | ) | ||
| Basic and diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders | $ | (2.23 | ) | $ | (46.63 | ) | ||
| (1) | Due to the Merger, 2024 includes the corporate segment and Beeline’s results for the period October 8, 2024 to December 31, 2024. |
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, net loss from continuing operations was $22.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively, reflecting the inclusion of Beeline’s results of operations for 2025.
Interest expense. Interest expense, exclusive of the warehouse lines of credit, was $2.3 million and $2.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily related to the amortization of debt and warrant related expenses and interest on debt.
Gain (Loss) on extinguishment of debt. Loss on extinguishment of debt was $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 primarily related to the exchange of the Company’s 530,000 shares of its Bridgetown Spirits common stock for the satisfaction of outstanding amounts payable by the Company to the buyers of Bridgetown Spirits. Gain on extinguishment of debt was $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 related to prior invoiced amounts billed for services, late fees and adjustments from a legal firm that provided the Company services under an engagement letter predating 2021.
Gain on troubled debt restructuring. Gain on troubled debt restructuring was $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 related to the Debt Exchange Agreement.
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Preferred stock dividends. Preferred stock dividends were $0.2 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, representing the Series B preferred stock dividend of 6% per annum.
Deemed dividend - preferred stock Series G and warrant price protection. On March 25, 2025, the Company sold shares under the ELOC Agreement at $1.67 per share, which was less than the Series G Preferred Stock original conversion price of $5.10 per share, resulting in the reduction of the conversion price of the Series G Preferred Stock to $1.67 per share as a result of the price protection adjustment related to the conversion of the Series G Preferred Stock. Additionally, the Warrants issued in the Series G Preferred Stock offering had their exercise price reduced to $1.67 and resulted in an increase in common shares issuable upon exercise of 1,774,986 under the full price protection adjustment of the Warrants. On June 16, 2025, the Company sold shares under the ELOC Agreement at $0.66 per share, which was less than the exercise price of the Warrants adjusted in March 2025, resulting in the reduction of the exercise price of the warrants to $0.66 per share and an increase in common shares issuable upon exercise of 3,655,482 under the full price protection adjustment of the Warrants. The Company recorded a non-cash deemed dividend related to the price protection of $6.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Deemed dividend - Series E Preferred Stock redemption. On October 21, 2025, the Company entered into a letter agreement with the investors of the Series E Preferred Stock pursuant to which they agreed to the redemption of their shares in exchange for payment of $2.0 million. The Company redeemed the Series E Preferred Stock on November 12, 2025 and recorded a deemed dividend of $1.4 million.
Segment Reporting
The following discussion provides an analysis of the financial performance of each of our reportable segments consisting of Beeline Loans, Beeline Title Holdings and Corporate. We evaluate segment performance based on key financial and operational metrics, including revenue, operating income, and margin trends. The results of each segment are presented in accordance with our internal management reporting structure.
Beeline Loans is an AI-driven fintech mortgage lender that develops proprietary software in the form of major enhancements and new developments in its lending platform, including Beeline’s Chatbot “Bob.” Corporate allocates a portion of compensation and benefits, and general and administrative expenses to Beeline Loans, which is included in the segments’ financial data below.
Beeline Title Holdings provides title and loan closing services for Beeline’s mortgage origination business. It provides similar services with respect to the Company’s BeelineEquity product.
Corporate primarily consists of general corporate expenses, including public company costs, executive compensation, legal and regulatory compliance, and other administrative functions that support the overall business. This segment also includes holding company expenses, such as financing costs, accounting, legal, insurance, investor relations, and strategic corporate initiatives that are not directly attributable to any operating segment. As this segment does not generate revenue, its financial results primarily reflect overhead, and governance-related expenditures incurred to support the company’s publicly traded status and corporate infrastructure.
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 (1) | ||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||
| Beeline Loans | $ | 6,391 | $ | 918 | ||||
| Beeline Title Holdings | 1,379 | 192 | ||||||
| Total net revenues | $ | 7,770 | $ | 1,110 | ||||
| Net Loss from Continuing Operations | ||||||||
| Beeline Loans | $ | (9,245 | ) | $ | (1,925 | ) | ||
| Beeline Title Holdings | (692 | ) | (63 | ) | ||||
| Corporate | (12,729 | ) | (404 | ) | ||||
| Total net loss from continuing operations | $ | (22,666 | ) | $ | (2,392 | ) | ||
| (1) | Due to the Merger, 2024 includes the corporate segment and Beeline’s results for the period October 8, 2024 to December 31, 2024. |
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Beeline Loans (For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 and the Period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024)
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | October 8, 2024 - December 31, 2024 | ||||||
| Gain on sale of loans, net | $ | 5,384 | $ | 757 | ||||
| Loan origination fees | 1,019 | 214 | ||||||
| Interest income (expense) | ||||||||
| Interest income | 406 | 86 | ||||||
| Interest expense | (432 | ) | (141 | ) | ||||
| Interest income (expense), net | (26 | ) | (55 | ) | ||||
| Other revenues | 14 | 2 | ||||||
| Total net revenues | 6,391 | 918 | ||||||
| Compensation, commissions and benefits | 6,660 | 1,012 | ||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 874 | 253 | ||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 3,216 | 736 | ||||||
| Marketing and advertising | 2,671 | 409 | ||||||
| Other operating expenses | 2,130 | 422 | ||||||
| Total operating expenses | 15,551 | 2,832 | ||||||
| Loss from operations | (9,160 | ) | (1,914 | ) | ||||
| Interest expense | (36 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||
| Gain on extinguishment of debt | 34 | - | ||||||
| Other expense | (83 | ) | - | |||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ | (9,245 | ) | $ | (1,925 | ) | ||
For the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, Beeline Loans originated $170.2 million and $57.0 million in residential mortgage loans, respectively; reported net revenues of $6.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively; and reported a net loss from continuing operations of $9.2 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
Gain on sale of loans, net. Gain on sale of loans, net consists of all components related to the origination and sale of mortgage loans, including (1) net gain on sale of loans, which represents the premium we receive in excess of the loan principal amount and certain fees charged by investors upon sale of loans into the secondary market, (2) loan origination fees, credits, points and certain costs, (3) provision for or benefit from investor reserves, and (4) the change in fair value of interest rate lock commitment (“IRLCs” or “rate lock”) and mortgage loans held for sale.
When the mortgage loan is sold into the secondary market (i.e. funded), any difference between the proceeds received and the current fair value of the loan is recognized in current period earnings in gain on sale of loans. Gain on sale of loans, net was $5.4 million and $0.8 million for the year ended December 31,2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
Loan origination fees. Loan origination fees generally include underwriting and processing fees, investor fees, and other related expenses. Loan origination fees were $1.0 million and $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
Loan interest income and expense. Interest income is interest earned on mortgage loans held for sale and interest expense is interest paid on our loan funding facilities. Net interest expense was $25,623 and $54,696 for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
| 46 |
Compensation, commissions and benefits. Compensation, commissions and benefits expenses were $6.7 million and $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of rent and utilities and were $0.9 million and $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses consist primarily of amortization related to internal-use software and was $3.2 million and $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
Marketing and advertising. Marketing and advertising expenses were $2.7 million and $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
Other operating expenses. Other operating expenses consist of expenses directly related to the origination of loans and are charged by investors at the sale of loans excluding interest, and software service providers. Other operating expenses were $2.1 million and $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
Beeline Title Holdings (For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 and the Period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024)
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | October 8, 2024- December 31, 2024 | ||||||
| Title fees | $ | 1,379 | $ | 192 | ||||
| Total net revenues | 1,379 | 192 | ||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 1,244 | 197 | ||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 192 | 3 | ||||||
| Marketing and advertising | 124 | 10 | ||||||
| Other operating expenses | 509 | 45 | ||||||
| Total operating expenses | 2,069 | 255 | ||||||
| Loss from operations | (690 | ) | (63 | ) | ||||
| Other expense | (2 | ) | - | |||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ | (692 | ) | $ | (63 | ) | ||
For the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, Beeline Title Holdings reported net revenues of $1.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively; and reported a net loss from continuing operations of $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
Title fees. Title fees consist of title policy premiums and settlement fees charged to the borrower and seller on a transaction. Title fees were $1.4 million and $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
Compensation and benefits. Compensation and benefits expenses were $1.2 million and $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of shipping costs and professional services and were $0.2 million and nil for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
| 47 |
Marketing and advertising. Marketing and advertising expenses were $0.1 million and nil for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
Other operating expenses. Other operating expenses consist primarily of expenses directly related to the settlement of loans and were $0.5 million and $44,559 for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
Corporate (For the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024)
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Compensation and benefits | $ | 3,540 | $ | 1,312 | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | 5,429 | 1,804 | ||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 100 | 22 | ||||||
| Marketing and advertising | 205 | 11 | ||||||
| Other operating expenses | 417 | 58 | ||||||
| Total operating expenses | 9,691 | 3,207 | ||||||
| Interest income | - | 4 | ||||||
| Interest expense | (2,231 | ) | (2,225 | ) | ||||
| Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt | (644 | ) | 591 | |||||
| Gain on troubled debt restructuring | - | 4,483 | ||||||
| Loss on equity method investment | (266 | ) | (58 | ) | ||||
| Other income, net | 103 | 8 | ||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ | (12,729 | ) | $ | (404 | ) | ||
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, net loss from continuing operations was $12.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively, reflecting the inclusion of Beeline’s results of operations for 2025.
Compensation and benefits. Compensation and benefits expenses were $3.5 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of stock-based compensation, public company costs, professional fees, board compensation and rent. General and administrative expenses were $5.4 million and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses consist primarily of amortization related to the intangible asset of the customer list and were $0.1 million and $22,714 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Marketing and advertising. Marketing and advertising expenses were $0.2 million and $10,365 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Other operating expenses. Other operating expenses consist of software service providers and were $0.4 million and $0.1 million for years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Non-GAAP Financial Measure
We report adjusted EBITDA, which is a financial measure not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“non-GAAP”) that supplements our financial results presented in accordance with GAAP. This non-GAAP financial measure should not be considered in isolation and is not intended to be a substitute for any GAAP financial measures, but rather provides supplemental information that we believe helps investors better understand our business, our business model, and how we analyze our performance.
Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations in their usefulness to investors because they have no standardized meaning and are not prepared under any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. Accordingly, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measures as tools for comparison.
| 48 |
We include a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to GAAP net loss, its most closely comparable GAAP measure. We encourage investors and others to review our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in their entirety included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K, not to rely on any single financial measure, and to consider adjusted EBITDA only in conjunction with its respective most closely comparable GAAP financial measure.
We believe this non-GAAP financial measure is useful to investors for supplemental period-to-period comparisons of our business and understanding and evaluating our operating results for the following reasons:
● Adjusted EBITDA is widely used by investors and securities analysts to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such as depreciation and amortization expense, interest and amortization on debt, income tax expense, stock-based compensation expense, and costs that are unique or non-recurring in nature or otherwise unrelated to our ongoing revenue-generating operations, all of which can vary substantially from company to company depending on their financing and capital structures;
● We use adjusted EBITDA in conjunction with financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP for adjusted purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget, as a measure of our core operating results and the effectiveness of our business strategy, and in evaluating our financial performance; and
● Adjusted EBITDA provides consistency and comparability with our past financial performance, facilitates period-to-period comparisons of our core operating results, and also facilitates comparisons with other peer companies, many of which use similar non-GAAP financial measures to supplement their GAAP results.
Further, although we use this non-GAAP measure to assess the financial performance of our business, it has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are, or may in the future be, as follows:
● Although depreciation and amortization expense is a non-cash charge, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;
● Adjusted EBITDA excludes stock-based compensation expense which is a significant recurring expense for our business and an important part of our compensation strategy;
● Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
● Adjusted EBITDA does not include interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our non-funding debt, which reduces cash available to us; and
● The expenses and other items that we exclude in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA may differ from the expenses and other items, if any, that other companies may exclude from similarly titled non-GAAP measures when they report their operating results, and we may, in the future, exclude other significant, unusual or non-recurring expenses or other items from these financial measures.
Because of these limitations, adjusted EBITDA should be considered along with other financial performance measures presented in accordance with GAAP, and not as an alternative or substitute for our financial results prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.
| 49 |
Adjusted EBITDA
We calculate adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) adjusted for the impact of interest expense, depreciation and amortization expense, (gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, gain on troubled debt restructuring, net loss from discontinued operations, stock-based compensation expense, and other non-recurring or non-core operational expenses.
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income (loss) to adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited):
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Net loss | $ | (23,381 | ) | $ | (13,076 | ) | ||
| Interest expense | 2,267 | 2,236 | ||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 3,316 | 758 | ||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 4,370 | - | ||||||
| (Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt | 610 | (591 | ) | |||||
| Gain on troubled debt restructuring | - | (4,483 | ) | |||||
| Net income (loss) from discontinued operations | 715 | 10,684 | ||||||
| Merger-related expenses | 321 | - | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (11,782 | ) | $ | (4,472 | ) | ||
| (1) | Merger-related expenses include the costs related to the stockholder meeting on March 7, 2025 to approve the name changing to Beeline Holdings, Inc. and to approve the Series F and F-1 Preferred Stock (shares received in the merger) to convert to common shares, as well as costs related to the Nasdaq initial listing. |
Capital Resources and Liquidity
Statements of Cash Flows. For 2025, our primary capital requirements have been for cash used in operating activities and for the repayment of debt. Funds for our cash and liquidity needs have historically not been generated from operations but rather from short-term credit in the form of extended payment terms from suppliers as well as proceeds from loans and the sale of convertible debt and equity. We have been dependent on raising capital from debt and equity financing to meet our operating needs.
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations was $22.1 million and $4.3 million, respectively, primarily due to the inclusion of Beeline’s net loss from continuing operations of $22.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations was $0.6 million related to internal-use software development costs and the investment in the SAFEs of a business partner. For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by investing activities of continuing operations was $0.1 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities of continuing operations was $24.9 million primarily from $22.8 million raised from net equity transactions and borrowings of $8.4 million from the warehouse line, offset by $6.3 million of net debt repayments. For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities of continuing operations was $4.6 million primarily from equity and debt transactions.
Financial Policy. We intend to maintain a disciplined financial policy and improve our credit metrics, which are critical to our lending partners.
Liquidity Policy. We maintain a strong focus on liquidity and define our liquidity risk tolerance based on sources and uses to maintain a sufficient liquidity position to meet our business needs and financial obligations under both normal and stressed conditions. We believe that our consolidated liquidity and availability under our equity offerings will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs.
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Liquidity. Our primary sources of liquidity consist of cash and cash equivalents and equity offerings. Cash generation may fluctuate due to various factors, including seasonality, timing of loan originations and repayments, market conditions, and our ability to execute strategic asset sales or dispositions. As of March 27, 2026, the Company had approximately $1.9 million in cash, including $1.5 million we raised in March 2026 under the ATM and ELOC Agreements as defined below.
On December 31, 2024, the Company entered into the ELOC Agreement with an institutional investor (the “Purchaser”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell, and the Purchaser agreed to purchase, up to $35 million of the Company’s common stock, subject to a sale limit of 19.99% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock. On March 7, 2025, the Company entered into an Amended ELOC Agreement to reduce the amount from $35 million to $10 million. On September 8, 2025, the Company again amended the ELOC Agreement to increase the commitment amount by $10 million, to maximum total sales of up to $20 million, and to remove minimum closing price conditions for effecting purchases under the ELOC Agreement. As a result, the Company may sell up to $12.5 million under the ELOC Agreement (after giving effect to prior sales) beginning after January 11, 2026. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company sold and issued to the Purchaser 5,694,515 shares of common stock for proceeds of $7.0 million, net of offering costs of $0.5 million. During 2026, the Company sold 444,444 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $1.0 million under the ELOC Agreement.
On April 30, 2025, the Company entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with Ladenburg Thalmann & Co., Inc., pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell over time and from time to time, to or through Ladenburg, up to $12.0 million of shares of the Company’s common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company sold 5,907,698 shares for proceeds of $7.9 million, net of offering costs of $0.4 million. During 2026, the Company sold 163,112 shares for gross proceeds of $0.5 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company sold 6,417,159 shares of Series G Preferred Stock and five-year Warrants to purchase a total of 320,862 shares of common stock for total gross proceeds of $3.3 million.
In October 2025, the Company expanded and diversified its warehouse lines to $25.0 million tripling its prior $5.0 million line and adding two new $5.0 million lines with new lenders in anticipation of rapid revenue growth and loan origination volume.
On November 11, 2025, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain accredited investors, pursuant to which the Company sold to the Investors a total of 4,620,000 common shares at $1.60 per share, raising gross proceeds of $7.4 million.
The Company intends to continue raising capital through equity to meet its internal cash requirements. The availability of additional financing will be largely dependent on our operating success, including improved margins as well as operational improvements, which will be necessary to attract investors. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in securing the necessary capital on favorable terms, or at all. The Company has no material off-balance sheet arrangements as of the date of this filing.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Critical accounting policies and practices are those that are both most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results, and require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. The critical accounting policies and practices used by the Company in the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 relate to the policies and practices the Company uses to account for:
Mortgage loans held for sale and gains on sale of loans revenue recognition. Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at fair value under the fair value option in accordance with ASC 825, Financial Instruments, with changes in fair value recorded in gain on sale of loans, net on the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale committed to investors is calculated based on the investor commitment.
Gains and losses from the sale of mortgage loans held for sale are recognized based upon the difference between the sales proceeds and carrying value of the related loans upon sale and are recorded in gain on sale of loans, net on the consolidated statements of operations. Sales proceeds reflect the cash received from investors through the sale of the loan and servicing release premium. Gain on sale of loans, net also includes the unrealized gains and losses associated with the changes in the fair value of mortgage loans held for sale, and the realized and unrealized gains and losses from derivative instruments.
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Mortgage loans held for sale are considered sold when the Company surrenders control over the financial assets. Control is considered to have been surrendered when the transferred assets have been isolated from the Company, beyond the reach of the Company and its creditors; the purchaser obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets; and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through either an agreement that both entitles and obligates the Company to repurchase or redeem the transferred assets before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific financial assets. The Company typically considers the above criteria to have been met upon acceptance and receipt of sales proceeds from the purchaser.
Mortgage loans sold to investors by the Company, and which met investor underwriting guidelines at the time of sale, may be subject to repurchase in the event of specific default by the borrower or subsequent discovery that underwriting standards were not met. The Company may, upon mutual agreement, indemnify the investor against future losses on such loans. Actual losses incurred are reflected as a reduction in gains on sale of loans, net in the consolidated statements of operations.
Since mortgage loans held for sale have maturity dates greater than one year from the balance sheet date but are expected to be sold in a short time frame (less than one year), they are recorded as current assets.
Changes in the balance of mortgage loans held for sale are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows in accordance with ASC 230-10-45-21, Statement of Cash Flows.
Revenue recognition
Gains on Sale of Loans, Net
See discussion above under “Mortgage Loans Held for Sale and Gain on Sale of Loans Revenue Recognition” and below under “Derivative Financial Instruments and Revenue Recognition”.
Loan Origination Fees and Costs
Loan origination fees represent revenue earned from originating mortgage loans. Loan origination fees generally represent flat per-loan fee amounts and are recognized as revenue at the time the mortgage loans are funded since the loans are held for sale. Loan origination costs are charged to operations as incurred.
Interest Income
Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale is recognized for the period from loan funding to sale based upon the principal balance outstanding and contractual interest rates. Revenue recognition is discontinued when loans become 90 days delinquent, or when, in management’s opinion, the recovery of principal and interest becomes doubtful and the mortgage loans held for sale are put on nonaccrual status. For loans that have been modified, a period of six payments is required before the loan is returned to an accrual basis.
Interest Expense
Interest expense relating to the warehouse lines of credit is included in net revenues. Other interest expense is included in other (income)/expense.
Title Fees
Settlement fees and commissions earned at loan settlement on insurance premiums paid to title insurance companies.
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Other Revenues
Fees received from a marketing partner that is embedded in the Company’s point-of-sale journey for investment property customers. The partner pays us for leads they receive from a customer opting in to use their insurance company for landlord insurance during the application process.
Goodwill. Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combinations. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently when indications of potential impairment exist. The Company monitors the existence of potential impairment indicators throughout the fiscal year. The Company may elect to perform either a qualitative test or a quantitative test to determine if it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. Fair value reflects the price a market participant would be willing to pay in a potential sale of the reporting unit. If the estimated fair value of the Company exceeds its carrying value, then the Company concludes the goodwill is not impaired. If the carrying value of the Company exceeds its estimated fair value, the Company recognizes an impairment loss in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the amount of goodwill.
Intangible assets. The Company accounts for certain finite-lived intangible assets at amortized cost and other certain indefinite-lived intangible assets at cost. Management reviews all intangible assets for probable impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. If there is an indication of impairment, management would prepare an estimate of future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If these estimated cash flows were less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss would be recognized to write down the asset to its estimated fair value.
Property and equity, net. Under ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software, the Company capitalizes certain qualifying costs incurred during the application development stage in connection with the development of internal-use software. Costs related to preliminary project activities are expensed as incurred and post-implementation activities will be expensed as incurred. Capitalized software costs are amortized over the useful life of the software, which is five years. Impairment of internal-use software is evaluated under ASC 350-40-35, Subsequent Measurement, on a qualitative basis and if indicators exist, then a quantitative analysis is performed under ASC 360.
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable.
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Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
BEELINE HOLDINGS, INC.
Table of Contents
| F-1 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of:
Beeline Holdings, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception, has a significant working capital deficit, and is dependent on debt and equity financing. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s Plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Goodwill Impairment Assessment
The Company recorded goodwill of $33.3 million as of December 31, 2025. As described in Note 3, goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. Management estimated the fair value of the reporting unit using a market approach based on observable market capitalization, with a discounted cash flow analysis used as corroborative analysis.
We identified the goodwill impairment assessment as a critical audit matter due to the judgment required in evaluating the application of the market approach, including the selection of the averaging period and whether observable market inputs are representative of fair value of the reporting unit at the measurement date.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included (a) evaluated the appropriateness of the market approach, including whether market capitalization is representative of the fair value of the reporting unit, (b) tested the completeness and accuracy of observable inputs and underlying data, (c) assessed the reasonableness of the averaging period, including comparison to alternative periods, (d) evaluated whether adjustments to market capitalization were necessary, and (e) performed sensitivity analyses and evaluated subsequent market data.
We agreed with management’s assessment that there was no impairment of goodwill in fiscal year 2025.
/s/ Salberg & Company, P.A.
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.
March 31, 2026
2295 NW Corporate Blvd., Suite 240 ● Boca Raton, FL 33431-7326
Phone: (561) 995-8270 ● Toll Free: (866) CPA-8500 ● Fax: (561) 995-1920
www.salbergco.com ● info@salbergco.com
Member National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts ● Registered with the PCAOB
Member CPAConnect with Affiliated Offices Worldwide ● Member AICPA Center for Audit Quality
| F-2 |
Beeline Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2025 and 2024
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||
| Mortgage loans held for sale, net, at fair value | ||||||||
| Interest rate lock commitment derivative | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net – related party | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||
| Due from affiliate | ||||||||
| Current assets of discontinued operations held for sale | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Equity method investment | ||||||||
| Simple Agreements for Future Equity (“SAFEs”), related party | ||||||||
| Other assets, net | ||||||||
| Non-current assets of discontinued operations held for sale | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and Equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Warehouse lines of credit and accrued interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Accrued liabilities | ||||||||
| Current portion of secured credit facilities, net of debt discount | ||||||||
| Current portion of note payable and accrued interest, related parties | ||||||||
| Current portion of notes payable and accrued interest, net of debt discount | ||||||||
| Current portion of lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Current liabilities of discontinued operations held for sale | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Lease liabilities, net of current portion | ||||||||
| Other noncurrent liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-current liabilities of discontinued operations held for sale | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 20) | ||||||||
| Equity: | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ par value; shares authorized, and shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively | ||||||||
| Common stock to be issued, shares and shares as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively | ||||||||
Preferred stock, $ par value; shares authorized | ||||||||
| Preferred stock Series A; shares designated; and shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively | ||||||||
| Preferred stock Series B; shares designated; shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 | ||||||||
| Preferred stock Series D; shares designated; and shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively | ||||||||
| Preferred stock Series E; shares designated; and shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively | ||||||||
| Preferred stock Series F; shares designated; and shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively | ||||||||
| Preferred stock Series F-1; shares designated; and shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively | ||||||||
| Preferred stock Series G; shares designated; and shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively | ||||||||
| Preferred stock Series G to be issued, shares and shares as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Equity attributable to stockholders of Beeline Holdings, Inc. | ||||||||
| Non-controlling interests (related to discontinued operations) | ||||||||
| Total Equity | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| F-3 |
Beeline Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||
| Gain on sale of loans, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Loan origination fees | ||||||||
| Interest income (expense) | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest income (expense), net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Title fees | ||||||||
| Other revenues | ||||||||
| Total net revenues | ||||||||
| Operating Expenses | ||||||||
| Compensation, commissions and benefits | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| Marketing and advertising | ||||||||
| Other operating expenses | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other income (expense), net | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gain on troubled debt restructuring | ||||||||
| Loss on equity method investment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other income (expense), net | ||||||||
| Total other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Provision for income taxes | ||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net income (loss) from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss from disposal of discontinued operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests (related to discontinued operations) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss attributable to common stockholders before preferred stock dividends | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Preferred stock dividends | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Deemed dividend - Preferred stock Series G and warrant price protection | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deemed dividend - Series E Preferred Stock redemption | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss attributable to common stockholders | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Comprehensive loss | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Unrealized foreign currency translation loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests (related to discontinued operations) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Basic and diluted net loss from continuing operations per common share | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||
| Basic and diluted net loss from discontinued operations per common share | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||
| Basic and diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||
| Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| F-4 |
Beeline Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes In Equity
For the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)
| Common Stock | Series
A Preferred Stock | Series
B Preferred Stock | Series
C Preferred Stock | Series
D Preferred Stock | Series
E Preferred Stock | Series
F Preferred Stock | Series
F1 Preferred Stock | Series
G Preferred Stock | Stock to be | Additional Paid-in | Accumulated | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Non-Controlling | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Issued | Capital | Deficit | Loss | Interest | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants issued in relation to debt issuance | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of stock for services by third parties | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for services by employees | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock to be issued related to settlement | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt conversion | ( | ) | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger issuance | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bridge loan | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for cash, net of debt discount costs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of Series C preferred shares | - | - | ( | ) | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants issued | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants exercised for common stock | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock awards | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of stock for services by third parties | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of stock related to settlement | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for services by employees | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of preferred shares | ( | ) | - | - | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series E Preferred Stock redemption | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series A Preferred Stock issued in exchange for Series F/F-1 Preferred Stock | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series G Preferred Stock issued for cash, net of offering costs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ELOC shares issued for cash, net of offering costs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ATM shares issued for cash, net of offering costs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for cash, net of offering costs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note payable, related party converted to preferred shares | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured credit facilities converted to common shares | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deemed dividend-price protection, revaluation adjustment | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| F-5 |
Beeline Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Cash Flows From Operating Activities: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Net loss from discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities | ||||||||
| Gain on sale mortgage loans held for sale, net of direct costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Recovery for credit losses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| (Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gain on troubled debt restructuring | ( | ) | ||||||
| Amortization of debt discount | ||||||||
| Stock compensation expense | ||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock awards | ||||||||
| Change in equity method investment | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for services by third parties | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for services by employees | ||||||||
| Warrants issued related to settlement | ||||||||
| Noncash lease expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from principal payments and sales of loans held for sale | ||||||||
| Originations and purchases of mortgage loans held for sale | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest rate lock commitment derivative | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts receivable, net – related party | ||||||||
| Due from affiliate | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other assets, net | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accrued liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accrued interest, net | ||||||||
| Other noncurrent liabilities | ||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows From Investing Activities: | ||||||||
| Cash acquired in acquisition | ||||||||
| Note receivable disbursement | ( | ) | ||||||
| SAFEs disbursement | ( | ) | ||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ) | ||||||
| Purchase of internal-use software | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Capital contributions in equity method investee | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities of continuing operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities of discontinued operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows From Financing Activities: | ||||||||
| Net repayments/borrowings under warehouse lines of credit | ( | ) | ||||||
| ELOC shares issued for cash, net of offering costs | ||||||||
| ATM shares issued for cash, net of offering costs | ||||||||
| Series G Preferred Stock issued for cash, net of offering costs | ||||||||
| Series E Preferred Stock redeemed | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from common stock issued, net of issuance costs | ||||||||
| Proceeds from warrant exercise | ||||||||
| Proceeds from secured credit facilities, net of debt discount | ||||||||
| Proceeds from secured credit facilities, related party | ||||||||
| Payments of principal on secured credit facilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Payments of principal on secured credit facilities, related party | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from notes payable, related party | ||||||||
| Payments of principal on notes payable, related party | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from notes payable | ||||||||
| Payments of principal on notes payable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Net increase in cash | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash and restricted cash at the beginning of the year | ||||||||
| Cash and restricted cash at the end of the year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information | ||||||||
| Cash paid during the years for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid during the years for income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities | ||||||||
| Note payable, related party converted to Preferred stock Series G | $ | $ | ||||||
| Conversion of preferred shares | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deemed dividend - Preferred stock Series G and warrant price protection | $ | $ | ||||||
| Secured credit facilities converted to common shares | $ | $ | ||||||
| Series A Preferred Stock issued in exchange for Series F/F-1 Preferred Stock | $ | $ | ||||||
| Dividends issued | $ | $ | ||||||
| Equity exchanged for secured debt | $ | $ | ||||||
| Shares issued for Merger, net of cash received | $ | $ | ||||||
| Shares issued to incentivize debt | $ | $ | ||||||
| Warrants issued in relation to debt issuance | $ | $ | ||||||
| Consulting services for future services | $ | $ | ||||||
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheet that sum to the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statement of cash flows:
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Restricted cash | ||||||||
| Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
| F-6 |
Beeline Holdings, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2025 and 2024
1. NATURE OF BUSINESS
Beeline Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of Nevada in 2004. On March 12, 2025, the Company changed its name from Eastside Distilling, Inc.
Merger
On September 4, 2024, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger”) with East Acquisition Inc. (aka Bridgetown Spirits Corp.) and Beeline Financial. The Merger closed on October 7, 2024 and Beeline Financial became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.
Beeline Financial was incorporated in Delaware on July 1, 2020 and is the successor to a Rhode Island corporation organized in 2018. Beeline Financial is an Artificial Intelligence (“AI”)-driven fintech mortgage lender that develops proprietary software in the form of major enhancements and new developments in its lending platform, introducing its Chatbot Application Programming Interface (“API”) “Bob” in July 2023.
Debt Exchange Agreement
On September 4, 2024, the Company and its subsidiary, Craft Canning + Printing (“Craft C+P”), entered into the Debt Exchange Agreement (the “Debt Exchange Agreement”), which closed on October 7, 2024, resulting in the assignment by the Company of 720 barrels of spirits to Craft C+P, followed by the merger of Craft C+P into a limited liability company owned by certain creditors of the Company and the deconsolidation of Craft C+P in 2024, see Note 6 - Discontinued Operations.
Bridgetown Spirits
Subsequent
to the execution of the Debt Exchange Agreement referred to above, the Company organized a subsidiary, Bridgetown Spirits Corp. (“Bridgetown
Spirits”), which was incorporated on October 3, 2024, and assigned the Company’s spirits business to Bridgetown Spirits.
On July 25, 2025, the Company disposed of its
2. GOING CONCERN, LIQUIDITY, AND MANAGEMENT’S PLANS
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes the Company will continue as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business. The Company is subject to a number of risks common to emerging companies stemming from, among other things, a limited operating history, rapid technological change, uncertainty of market acceptance and products, regulatory uncertainty, competition from substitute products and larger companies, the need to obtain additional financing, compliance with government regulation, protection of proprietary technology, interest rate fluctuations, product liability, and the dependence on key individuals. The Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception, and is dependent on equity financing. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the twelve months following the issuance of these financial statements. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the recovery and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of recorded liabilities that may be necessary if the Company were unable to continue as a going concern.
Management believes that in order to accomplish its business plan objectives, the Company will need to either increase revenues or raise capital by the issuance of debt and/or equity; and believes that it will be successful in obtaining this additional financing based on its recent history of driving revenue and raising funds. However, no assurances can be given.
| F-7 |
During
2025, the Company expanded and diversified its warehouse lines to $
On June 25, 2025, Beeline Title facilitated the closing of what it believes to be one of the first-ever fractional sale of home real estate with a related party partner, TYTL Corp. (“TYTL”) who will fund these transactions through the sale of a crypto token which is backed by real property. While neither the Company, nor its subsidiaries, mints or receives the token, Beeline Title handles the settlement and title portions of these transactions for its partner, who is minting the token. In the fourth quarter of 2025, the Company began providing customer acquisition services and support to TYTL who mints the token and offers the equity exchange transaction. The Company receives a cash fee representing 3.5% of the amount of equity sold and markets the product through its website as BeelineEquity. Beeline Title provides the title and closing services for each transaction. Importantly, Beeline Title will open this platform to all mortgage lenders, giving them access to a proven solution for cryptocurrency token transaction reconciliation, compliance, and disbursement. As cryptocurrency adoption accelerates and becomes regulated by federal and state governments, the Company is positioning itself as a leader in this fast-moving ecosystem, offering trusted infrastructure to help lenders scale into a future where crypto and compliance go hand-in-hand. The Company collaborates with TYTL, an entity in which the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Nicholas Liuzza, is a principal stockholder. In addition, Christopher Moe, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, and Joseph Freedman, a director, are each TYTL shareholders. TYTL funds the transactions through the sale of a cryptocurrency token which is backed by real property. See Note 24 – Related Party Transactions.
Beeline Labs recently launched BlinkQC, a SaaS platform that automates pre-close quality control (“QC”) reviews for mortgage loan files. Beeline Loans uses BlinkQC in its own operation for its pre-close QC. Later in 2026, Beeline Labs plans to license BlinkQC, opening it up to over 1,000 banks and independent mortgage banks. BlinkQC uses artificial intelligence to ingest loan document packages, extract and validate data, apply customizable rule sets, and generate compliance reports. Management believes BlinkQC will improve QC efficiency for mortgage lenders and represents a potential source of incremental revenue for the Company.
Despite these new lines of business, there can be no assurances that these business plans and actions will be successful, that the Company will generate anticipated revenues or operating results, or that unforeseen circumstances will not require additional funding sources in the future or effectuate plans to conserve liquidity. Future efforts to raise additional funds may not be successful or they may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
These financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Beeline Financial Holdings, Inc., Beeline Title Holdings, Inc. (“Beeline Title Holdings”), Beeline Mortgage Holdings, Inc. (“Beeline Mortgage”), Beeline Labs, Inc., and Beeline Loans Pty Ltd. (“Australian Subsidiary”). Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Beeline Title Holdings has four subsidiaries, Beeline Title, LLC, Beeline Texas Title, LLC, Beeline Settlement Services, LLC, and Beeline Title Agency, LLC. Beeline Mortgage has one subsidiary, Beeline Loans, Inc. (“Beeline Loans”).
| F-8 |
USE OF ESTIMATES
Preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. Significant estimates and assumptions in these consolidated statements include: the fair value of mortgage loans held for sale, valuation of investments, valuation of accounts receivable, valuation of derivative instruments, valuation of software, valuation of intangible assets, valuation of goodwill, valuation of purchase price in the business combination, valuation of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the business combination, valuation of lease liabilities and related right of use assets, contingent liability for loan repurchases, and valuation of non-cash equity grants and issuances, including but not limited to stock-based compensation. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions due to risks and uncertainties.
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH
Beeline considers highly liquid investments purchased with a remaining maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents include money market accounts that are readily convertible into cash.
The
Company maintains certain cash balances that are restricted under warehouse and/or master repurchase agreements, broker margin accounts
associated with its derivative instruments and other restrictions. The restricted cash balance as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $
MORTGAGE LOANS HELD FOR SALE AND GAINS ON SALE OF LOANS REVENUE RECOGNITION
Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at fair value under the fair value option in accordance with ASC 825, Financial Instruments, with changes in fair value recorded in gain on sale of loans, net on the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale committed to investors is calculated based on the investor commitment.
Gains and losses from the sale of mortgage loans held for sale are recognized based upon the difference between the sales proceeds and carrying value of the related loans upon sale and are recorded in gain on sale of loans, net on the consolidated statements of operations. Sales proceeds reflect the cash received from investors through the sale of the loan and servicing release premium. Gain on sale of loans, net also includes the unrealized gains and losses associated with the changes in the fair value of mortgage loans held for sale, and the realized and unrealized gains and losses from derivative instruments.
Mortgage loans held for sale are considered sold when the Company surrenders control over the financial assets. Control is considered to have been surrendered when the transferred assets have been isolated from the Company, beyond the reach of the Company and its creditors; the purchaser obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets; and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through either an agreement that both entitles and obligates the Company to repurchase or redeem the transferred assets before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific financial assets. The Company typically considers the above criteria to have been met upon acceptance and receipt of sales proceeds from the purchaser.
Mortgage loans sold to investors by the Company, and which met investor underwriting guidelines at the time of sale, may be subject to repurchase in the event of specific default by the borrower or subsequent discovery that underwriting standards were not met. The Company may, upon mutual agreement, indemnify the investor against future losses on such loans. Actual losses incurred are reflected as a reduction in gains on sale of loans, net in the consolidated statements of operations.
Since mortgage loans held for sale have maturity dates greater than one year from the balance sheet date but are expected to be sold in a short time frame (less than one year), they are recorded as current assets.
Changes in the balance of mortgage loans held for sale are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows in accordance with ASC 230-10-45-21, Statement of Cash Flows.
| F-9 |
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Gains on Sale of Loans, Net
See discussion above under “Mortgage Loans Held for Sale and Gain on Sale of Loans Revenue Recognition” and below under “Derivative Financial Instruments and Revenue Recognition”.
Loan Origination Fees and Costs
Loan origination fees represent revenue earned from originating mortgage loans. Loan origination fees generally represent flat per-loan fee amounts based on a percentage of the original principal loan balance and are recognized as revenue at the time the mortgage loans are funded since the loans are held for sale. Loan origination costs are charged to operations as incurred.
Interest Income
Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale is recognized for the period from loan funding to sale based upon the principal balance outstanding and contractual interest rates. Revenue recognition is discontinued when loans become 90 days delinquent, or when, in management’s opinion, the recovery of principal and interest becomes doubtful and the mortgage loans held for sale are put on nonaccrual status. For loans that have been modified, a period of six payments is required before the loan is returned to an accrual basis.
Interest Expense
Interest expense relating to the warehouse lines of credit is included in revenues. Other interest expense is included in other (income)/expense.
Title Fees
Settlement fees and commissions are earned at loan settlement.
Other Revenues
Fees received from a marketing partner who is embedded in the Company’s point-of-sale journey for investment property customers. The partner pays Beeline for leads they receive from a customer opting in to use their insurance company for landlord insurance during the application process.
Disaggregation of Revenues
The Company disaggregates its revenues as presented in its consolidated statements of operations.
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND REVENUE RECOGNITION
The Company holds and issues derivative financial instruments such as interest rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”). IRLCs are subject to price risk primarily related to fluctuations in market interest rates. To hedge the interest rate risk on certain IRLCs, the Company enters into best effort forward sale commitments with investors, whereby certain loans are locked with a borrower and simultaneously committed to an investor at a fixed price. If the best effort IRLC does not fund, the Company has no obligation to fulfill the investor commitment.
ASC 815-25, Derivatives and Hedging, requires that all derivative instruments be recognized as assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value. The Company issues IRLCs to originate mortgage loans and the fair value of the IRLCs, adjusted for the probability that a given IRLC will close and fund, is recognized in gain on sale of loans, net on the consolidated statements of operations. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the IRLC are measured at each reporting period within gain on loans, net until the loan is funded. The Company accounts for all derivative instruments as free-standing derivative instruments and does not designate any for hedge accounting.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Accounts receivable consists primarily of amounts due from customers for services provided. Accounts receivable are stated at their gross outstanding balance, net of an allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is based on a combination of factors, including historical loss experience, aging of receivables, specific customer creditworthiness, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they are deemed uncollectible, and any recoveries of previously written-off balances are recorded as a reduction to the provision for credit losses.
| F-10 |
BUSINESS COMBINATION
The Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under this guidance, the Company allocates the purchase price of an acquired business to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.
Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of the tangible net assets and intangible assets acquired in the business combination. The increases or decreases in the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities can result from changes in fair values as of the acquisition date as determined during the one-year measurement period under ASC 805.
GOODWILL
Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combinations. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently when indications of potential impairment exist. The Company monitors the existence of potential impairment indicators throughout the fiscal year. The Company may elect to perform either a qualitative test or a quantitative test to determine if it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. Fair value reflects the price a market participant would be willing to pay in a potential sale of the reporting unit. If the estimated fair value of the Company exceeds its carrying value, then the Company concludes the goodwill is not impaired. If the carrying value of the Company exceeds its estimated fair value, the Company recognizes an impairment loss in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the amount of goodwill. Based on the Company’s impairment analysis, management determined that goodwill was not impaired for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The Company accounts for certain finite-lived intangible assets at amortized cost and other certain indefinite-lived intangible assets at cost. Management reviews all intangible assets for probable impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. If there is an indication of impairment, management would prepare an estimate of future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If these estimated cash flows were less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss would be recognized to write down the asset to its estimated fair value.
LEASE OBLIGATIONS
When the Company enters into lease arrangements, the lease is accounted for under ASC 842, Leases. At the lease commencement date, the Company recognizes a leased ROU asset and corresponding lease liability based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. The Company elected not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property
and equipment, including leasehold improvements and internal-use software, are recorded at cost, and are depreciated or amortized
using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range from three
to
Under
ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software, the Company capitalizes certain qualifying costs incurred during the application development
stage in connection with the development of internal-use software. Costs related to preliminary project activities are expensed as incurred
and post-implementation activities will be expensed as incurred. Capitalized software costs are amortized over the useful life of the
software, which is
| F-11 |
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is the price that would be received if an asset were sold or the price that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between willing market participants at the measurement date. Required disclosures include classification of fair value measurements within a three-level hierarchy (Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3). Classification of a fair value measurement within the hierarchy is dependent on the classification and significance of the inputs used to determine the fair value measurement. Observable inputs are those that are observed, implied from, or corroborated with externally available market information. Unobservable inputs represent the estimates of market participants’ assumptions.
Fair value measurements are classified in the following manner:
Level 1—Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
Level 2—Valuation is based on either observable prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets, observable prices for similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are derived directly from, or through correlation to, observable market data at the measurement date.
Level 3—Valuation is based on the internal models using assumptions at the measurement date that a market participant would use.
In determining fair value measurement, Beeline uses observable inputs whenever possible. The level of a fair value measurement within the hierarchy is dependent on the lowest level of input that has a significant impact on the measurement as a whole. If quoted market prices are available at the measurement date or are available for similar instruments, such prices are used in the measurements. If observable market data is not available at the measurement date, judgment is required to measure fair value.
The following is a description of measurement techniques for items recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no material items recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Mortgage loans held for sale: Loans held for sale that are valued using Level 2 measurements derived from observable market data, including market prices of securities backed by similar mortgage loans adjusted for certain factors to approximate the fair value of a whole mortgage loan, including the value attributable to mortgage servicing and credit risk. Loans held for sale for which there is little to no observable trading activity of similar instruments are valued using Level 3 measurements based upon dealer price quotes and internal models.
IRLCs: The fair value of IRLCs is based on current market prices of securities backed by similar mortgage loans (as determined above under mortgage loans held for sale), net of costs to close the loans, subject to the estimated loan funding probability, or “pull-through factor.” Given the significant and unobservable nature of the pull-through factor, IRLCs are classified as Level 3.
Forward commitments: Beeline’s forward commitments are valued based on quoted prices for similar assets in an active market with inputs that are observable and are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. There were no open forward contracts as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
DEBT DISCOUNT
The Company’s debt instruments are recorded net of issuance costs (debt discount). The resulting debt discount is amortized over the term of the term loan using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, and the amortization of debt discount is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
| F-12 |
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION AND TRANSACTIONS
The
reporting currency of the company is the U.S. dollar. Except for Beeline Loans Pty Ltd., the functional currency of the Company is the
U.S. dollar. The functional currency of Beeline Loans Pty Ltd. is the Australian dollar. For Beeline Loans Pty Ltd., results of operations
and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate
at the end of the period, and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities
reported on the statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets.
Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included
in determining comprehensive loss. The translation loss for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 through December
31, 2024 was $
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency included in the results of operations as incurred. These transactions were de minimis for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 through December 31, 2024.
As
of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the exchange rate used to translate balance sheet amounts from Australian dollars into U.S. dollars was
$
DEFERRED OFFERING COSTS
The Company complies with the requirements of ASC 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, with regards to offering costs. Prior to the completion of an offering, offering costs are capitalized as non-current other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and consist principally of professional, underwriting and other expenses incurred through the consolidated balance sheet date that are directly related to the Company’s proposed public offering. The deferred offering costs are charged to additional paid-in capital or as a discount to debt, as applicable, upon the completion of an offering or to expense if the offering is not completed.
NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS
The
Company follows ASC 810, Consolidation, governing the accounting for and reporting of non-controlling interests (“NCI”) in partially
owned consolidated subsidiaries and the loss of control of subsidiaries. Certain provisions of this standard indicate, among other things,
that NCI be treated as a separate component of equity, not as a liability, that increases and decreases in the parent’s ownership
interest that leave control intact be treated as equity transactions rather than step acquisitions or dilution gains or losses, and that
losses of a partially-owned subsidiary be allocated to non-controlling interests even when such allocation might result in a deficit
balance. The net loss attributed to NCI was separately designated in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive
loss. Losses attributable to NCI in a subsidiary may exceed NCI’s interests in the subsidiary’s equity. The excess attributable
to NCI is attributed to those interests. NCI shall continue to be attributed their share of losses even if that attribution results in
a deficit NCI balance. Net loss attributable to NCI for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $
INVESTMENTS IN EQUITY METHOD INVESTEE
On
July 31, 2024, the Company invested in MagicBlocks, Inc. by purchasing, at par value, million shares, representing an ownership interest
of
| F-13 |
DEPOSITS
Deposits
are included in other assets and include security deposits for leased office spaces, which are refundable to the Company upon expiration
of the lease agreements. In addition, as of December 31, 2025, one lender of a warehouse line of credit requires a $
MARKETING AND ADVERTISING COSTS
Marketing
and advertising costs are expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, marketing and advertising expenses were
$
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company recognizes as compensation expense all stock-based awards issued to employees. The compensation cost is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the related stock-based awards and is recognized over the service period of stock-based awards, which is generally the same as the vesting period. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, which estimates the fair value of each award on the date of grant based on a variety of assumptions including expected stock price volatility, expected terms of the awards, risk-free interest rate, and dividend rates, if applicable. Stock-based awards issued to non-employees are recorded at fair value on the measurement date and recognized over the service periods.
INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred income taxes for differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. The deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
The Company evaluates all significant tax positions as required by ASC 740. As of December 31, 2025, the Company does not believe that it has taken any positions that would require the recording of any additional tax liability, nor does it believe that there are any unrealized tax benefits that would either increase or decrease within the next year.
Any penalties and interest assessed by income taxing authorities are included in operating expenses.
The federal and state income tax returns of the Company are subject to examination by the IRS and state taxing authorities, generally for three years after they were filed. Tax years 2022, 2023, and 2024 remain open for potential audit.
TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURING
The Company evaluates all modifications to its debt agreements in accordance with ASC 470-60, Debt – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Debtors. A debt restructuring is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider.
Concessions may include, but are not limited to:
| ● | A reduction in the stated interest rate, | |
| ● | An extension of the maturity date, | |
| ● | A reduction in the principal amount or accrued interest, or | |
| ● | A combination of the above. |
When a debt restructuring qualifies as a TDR, the Company evaluates whether the restructuring represents a modification or an extinguishment of debt. If the future undiscounted cash flows of the restructured debt are less than the carrying amount of the original debt, a gain is recognized in the period of the restructuring. The restructured debt is subsequently measured based on the revised terms.
| F-14 |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources and is presented in accordance with the provisions of ASC 220, Comprehensive Income. The Company reports comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), which includes net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes foreign currency translation adjustments, including gains and losses from the translation of the Company’s foreign subsidiary whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.
OPERATING SEGMENTS
Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and relied upon when making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. When evaluating the Company’s financial performance, the CODM reviews total revenues, total expenses, and expenses by functional classification, using this information to make decisions on a company-wide basis.
The
Company currently operates in
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In September 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software (“ASU 2025-06”). The amendments simplify the accounting for internal-use software development costs by removing the existing project stage model and replacing it with a principles-based framework for determining when software development costs should be capitalized. Under the new guidance, capitalization of internal-use software costs begins when (i) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project and (ii) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform its intended function. ASU 2025-06 also incorporates guidance related to website development costs and clarifies the presentation and disclosure requirements for capitalized software development costs. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. The amendments in this update provide a practical expedient for entities estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under ASC 606. The practical expedient allows entities to estimate expected credit losses by assuming that the conditions existing as of the balance sheet date will remain unchanged for the remaining life of current accounts receivable and current contract assets. As a result, entities are not required to incorporate forecasts of future economic conditions when measuring expected credit losses for these short-term financial assets. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this new guidance to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which requires entities to provide more detailed disaggregation of expenses in the income statement, focusing on the nature of the expenses rather than their function. The new disclosures will require entities to separately present expenses for significant line items, including but not limited to, depreciation, amortization, and employee compensation. Entities will also be required to provide a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, provide a definition of what constitutes selling expenses. This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this new guidance to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
| F-15 |
RECLASSIFICATION OF PRIOR YEAR PRESENTATION
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations or cash flows. The assets and liabilities of Nimble Title Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries (collectively “Nimble”), and Bridgetown Spirits and the spirits segment have been classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2024. The operating results of Nimble, and Bridgetown Spirits and the spirits segment have been classified as discontinued operations during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, see Note 6 – Discontinued Operations. As a result of the merger, the statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 represents the new structure and retrospectively reclassifies discontinued operations. In addition, the senior secured debentures were reclassed from notes payable to secured credit facilities and stock to be issued related to common stock and Series G preferred stock was reclassed to present separately as of December 31, 2024.
4. MERGER
On
October 7, 2024, Eastside closed on the Merger with Beeline Financial. The Merger was structured and accounted for as a business combination
with Eastside as the acquirer of
The
purchase price was valued at $
| (Dollars in thousands) | October 7, 2024 | |||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | |||
| Restricted cash | ||||
| Mortgage loans held for sale, net, at fair value | ||||
| Interest rate lock commitment derivative | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||
| Goodwill | ||||
| Intangible assets | ||||
| Right-of-use assets | ||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||
| Equity method investment | ||||
| Other assets, net | ||||
| Warehouse line of credit | ( | ) | ||
| Accounts payable | ( | ) | ||
| Accrued liabilities | ( | ) | ||
| Current portion of notes payable and accrued interest, net of discount | ( | ) | ||
| Lease liabilities, net of current portion | ( | ) | ||
| Other noncurrent liabilities | ( | ) | ||
| $ | ||||
The
Company incurred acquisition related costs of $
For income tax purposes, this was a non-taxable merger as it was an all-stock transaction and accordingly goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes.
| F-16 |
Pro Forma Financial Information
The following unaudited pro forma consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 assume that the acquisition of Beeline was completed on January 1, 2023 and exclude the Craft C+P business operations that has been classified as discontinued operations:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Pro forma net revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
| Pro forma net losses | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||
Pro forma data does not purport to be indicative of the results that would have been obtained had these events actually occurred at the beginning of the periods presented and is not intended to be a projection of future results.
5. DEBT EXCHANGE AGREEMENT
On September 4, 2024, Eastside and its then subsidiary, Craft Canning + Printing, LLC (“Craft C+P”) entered into the Debt Exchange Agreement with The B.A.D. Company, LLC (the “SPV”), Aegis Security Insurance Company (“Aegis”), Bigger, District 2, LDI Investments, LLC (“LDI”), William Esping ((“Esping”), WPE Kids Partners (“WPE”) and Robert Grammen (“Grammen”), a 2024 director of Eastside (collectively the “Investors”). On October 3, 2024, the Investors executed the First Amended and Restated Debt Exchange Agreement (the collectively “Debt Exchange Agreement”).
Subsequent
to execution of the Debt Exchange Agreement, Eastside organized Bridgetown Spirits as a subsidiary and assigned to Bridgetown Spirits
all of the assets held by Eastside in connection with its spirits. Bridgetown Spirits issued million shares of common stock to Eastside,
which represented
On October 7, 2024, a closing was held pursuant to the terms of the Debt Exchange Agreement and the following transactions were completed:
| ● | Aegis,
Bigger, District 2 and LDI transferred to Eastside a total of shares of Eastside’s Series C Preferred Stock and
shares of Eastside’s common stock. The Investors also released Eastside from liability for $ | |
| ● | Eastside
issued a total of shares of Series D Preferred Stock to Bigger and District 2, and Bigger and District 2 released Eastside
from liability for $ | |
| ● | Eastside
issued a total of shares of Series E Preferred Stock to Bigger and District 2, and Bigger and District 2 released Eastside
from liability for $ | |
| ● | Eastside
transferred a total of common shares of Bridgetown Spirits to Bigger, District 2, Esping, WPE and Grammen, and those Investors
released Eastside from unsecured debt in the aggregate amount of $ | |
| ● | Eastside
issued a total of shares of common stock to Esping, WPE and Grammen, and those Investors released Eastside from liability
for $ |
In
accordance with the Debt Exchange Agreement, on November 7, 2024, Eastside transferred a total of common shares of Bridgetown
Spirits to Aegis, Bigger, District 2 and LDI, representing an additional
| F-17 |
Upon
completion of the transaction contemplated by the Debt Exchange Agreement, Eastside was no longer involved in the business of digital
printing and mobile canning, and owned
Effective on the completion of the Debt Exchange Agreement, all liabilities including accrued and unpaid interest due to the Investors were released.
The
Company accounted for the asset and equity transfers associated with the various transactions described above at fair value in
accordance with ASC 470-60. As a result, the Company recognized a gain on the transfer of assets of $
Letter Agreement
On
September 27, 2024, the Company signed a Letter Agreement concerning amounts due and owing to a legal firm that provided the Company
services under an engagement letter predating 2021. In anticipation of closing the Merger, the legal firm released the Company from prior
invoiced amounts billed for services, late fees and adjustments of $
6. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
The Company reports discontinued operations by applying the following criteria in accordance with ASC 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statements – Discontinued Operations: (1) Component of an entity; (2) Held for sale criteria; and (3) Strategic shift.
Craft C+P
The operating results of Craft C+P have been classified as discontinued operations during the year ended December 31, 2024. The consolidated financial statements for the prior periods have been adjusted to reflect comparable information.
Income and expense related to Craft C+P were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2024:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | |||
| Sales | $ | |||
| Less customer programs and excise taxes | ||||
| Net sales | ||||
| Cost of sales | ||||
| Gross profit | ||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||
| Sales and marketing expenses | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||
| Gain on disposal of property and equipment | ( | ) | ||
| Total operating expenses | ||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ||
| Other income | ||||
| Net loss from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||
| Loss from disposal of discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | |
| F-18 |
Bridgetown Spirits
On
July 25, 2025, the Company entered into a Debt Satisfaction Agreement (the “Debt Satisfaction Agreement”) with Bridgetown Spirits and
three individuals (the “Buyers”) including Geoffrey Gwin, the President of Bridgetown Spirits, pursuant to which the Company transferred
to the Buyers all shares of its Bridgetown Spirits common stock held by the Company in exchange for the satisfaction of outstanding
amounts payable by the Company to the Buyers totaling $
In
connection with the Debt Satisfaction Agreement, Bridgetown Spirits issued a Senior Secured Original Issue Discount Promissory Note and
Security Agreement (the “Note”) in the principal amount of $
The assets and liabilities of Bridgetown Spirits have been classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2024. The operating results of Bridgetown Spirits and the spirits segment have been classified as discontinued operations during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The consolidated financial statements for the prior periods have been adjusted to reflect comparable information.
Assets and liabilities related to Bridgetown Spirits were as follows as of December 31, 2024:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | |||
| Assets | ||||
| Current assets: | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | |||
| Inventories | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||
| Accounts receivables, net | ||||
| Current assets of discontinued operations held for sale | ||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||
| Right-of-use assets | ||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||
| Other assets, net | ||||
| Total Assets | $ | |||
| Liabilities | ||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||
| Accounts payable | $ | |||
| Accrued liabilities | ||||
| Current portion of lease liabilities | ||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||
| Lease liabilities, net of current portion | ||||
| Total liabilities | $ | |||
Income and expense related to Bridgetown Spirits and the spirits segment were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||
| Net sales, spirits | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cost of sales, spirits (inclusive of depreciation) | ||||||||
| Salaries and benefits | ||||||||
| Marketing and advertising | ||||||||
| Other operating expenses | ||||||||
| Impairment loss | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other income | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss from disposal of discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| F-19 |
There
was a
Nimble Title Holdings
On November 17, 2025, the Company and minority partners of Nimble entered into a Dissolution Agreement, whereby the relationships contemplated by the LLC Agreement were terminated and Nimble was subsequently dissolved on November 25, 2025.
The assets and liabilities of Nimble have been classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2024. The operating results of Nimble have been classified as discontinued operations during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The consolidated financial statements for the prior periods have been adjusted to reflect comparable information.
Assets and liabilities related to Nimble and its subsidiaries were as follows as of December 31, 2024:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | |||
| Assets | ||||
| Current assets: | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | |||
| Current assets of discontinued operations held for sale | ||||
| Total Assets | $ | |||
| Liabilities | ||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||
| Accounts payable | $ | |||
| Accrued liabilities | ||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||
| Total liabilities | $ | |||
Income and expense related to Nimble and its subsidiaries were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period from October 8, 2024 - December 31, 2024:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | October 8, 2024 - December 31, 2024 | ||||||
| Title fees | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total net revenues | ||||||||
| Compensation, and benefits | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||
| Marketing and advertising | ||||||||
| Other operating expenses | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other expense | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income from disposal of discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
The
net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in the consolidated statements of operations related to Nimble for the years ended
December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $
| F-20 |
7. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The Company’s CODM, the Chief Executive Officer, evaluates how the Company views and measures its performance. ASC 280, Segment Reporting establishes the standards for reporting information about segments in financial statements. After consideration of these criteria, the CODM has determined that there are three reportable segments, consisting of Beeline Loans, Beeline Title Holdings and Corporate.
Beeline Loans is an AI-driven fintech mortgage lender that develops proprietary software in the form of major enhancements and new developments in its lending platform, including Beeline’s Chatbot “Bob.” Corporate allocates a portion of compensation and benefits, and general and administrative expenses to Beeline Loans, which is included in the segments’ financial data below.
Beeline Title Holdings provides title and loan closing services for Beeline’s mortgage origination business. It is providing similar services with respect to the Company’s BeelineEquity product.
Corporate primarily consists of general corporate expenses, including public company costs, executive compensation, legal and regulatory compliance, and other administrative functions that support the overall business. This segment also includes holding company expenses, such as financing costs, accounting, legal, insurance, investor relations, and strategic corporate initiatives that are not directly attributable to any operating segment.
The Company measures segment performance to allocate resources primarily based on revenues of Beeline Loans and Beeline Title Holdings and the general and administrative costs related to corporate. Total asset information by segment is not provided to, or reviewed by, the CODM as it is not used to make strategic decisions, allocate resources or assess performance. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described for the Company in Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
Segment information was as follows:
Beeline Loans
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | October 8, 2024- December 31, 2024 | ||||||
| Gain on sale of loans, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Loan origination fees | ||||||||
| Interest income (expense) | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest income (expense), net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other revenues | ||||||||
| Total net revenues | ||||||||
| Compensation, commissions and benefits | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| Marketing and advertising | ||||||||
| Other operating expenses | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Gain on extinguishment of debt | ||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| F-21 |
| Beeline Title Holdings | ||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | October 8, 2024- December 31, 2024 | ||||||
| Title fees | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total net revenues | ||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||
| Marketing and advertising | ||||||||
| Other operating expenses | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Corporate | Years Ended December 31, | |||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Compensation and benefits | $ | $ | ||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| Marketing and advertising | ||||||||
| Other operating expenses | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gain on troubled debt restructuring | ||||||||
| Loss on equity method investment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other income (expense), net | ||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Consolidated net loss from continuing operations | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows as of December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage loans held for sale | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate lock commitment derivative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| F-22 |
A roll forward of the level 3 valuation financial instruments was as follows:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | October 8, 2024- December 31, 2024 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Change in fair value in gain on sale of loans, net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | $ | ||||||
9. MORTGAGE LOANS HELD FOR SALE
Beeline sells substantially all of its originated mortgage loans to investors and adjusts adjusted its loan balance to the estimated fair value based on the eventual sales of loans. Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value, consisted of the following as of December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Mortgage loans held for sale | $ | $ | ||||||
| Net fair value adjustment | ||||||||
| Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value | $ | $ | ||||||
10. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment consisted of the following as of December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Internal-use software | $ | $ | ||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | ||||||||
| Computers and hardware | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total property and equipment, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Depreciation
expense related to property and equipment was $
Internal-use software consisted of the following as of December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | |||
| Internal-use software | $ | |||
| Less accumulated amortization | ( | ) | ||
| Total internal-use software | $ | |||
The estimated future amortization expense of internal-use software as of December 31, 2025 was as follows:
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||
| 2026 | $ | |||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| 2029 | ||||
| $ | ||||
Beeline’s
internal developers created a new proprietary software and launched it in 2024. The most notable feature of the new software is the integration
of Beeline’s Chatbot “Bob”. The Company recorded $
| F-23 |
11. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets consisted of the following as of December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Beeline brand | $ | $ | ||||||
| Customer data | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Less accumulated amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Intangible assets, net | $ | $ | ||||||
The Beeline brand has been determined to have an indefinite life and is not amortized. The Company, on an annual basis, tests the indefinite-lived asset for impairment. If the carrying value of an indefinite-lived asset is found to be impaired, then the Company will record an impairment loss and reduce the carrying value of the asset. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company determined that the Beeline brand was not impaired.
Customer
data that was acquired in the merger has a useful life of
12. INVESTMENTS IN EQUITY METHOD INVESTEE
The Company’s investments in its equity method investee, MagicBlocks, include its equity method investment and its SAFEs on the consolidated balance sheets, which consisted of the following:
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||
| Balance, October 8, 2024 | $ | |||
| Advances converted to SAFE | ||||
| Loss on equity method investment | ( | ) | ||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $ | |||
| SAFE Investments | ||||
| Loss on equity method investment | ( | ) | ||
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | $ | |||
Intercompany profits and losses resulting from transactions between the Company and MagicBlocks are eliminated with the resulting adjustments recorded to the carrying amount of the investment and the Company’s share of losses of MagicBlocks.
In
March 2025, the Company entered into a Master Services Agreement with MagicBlocks for a monthly service fee of $
13. WAREHOUSE LINES OF CREDIT
On
September 21, 2021, Beeline Loans entered into an agreement with a lender for a $
| F-24 |
On
October 6, 2025, Beeline Loans entered into an agreement with a different lender for a $
On
October 7, 2025, Beeline Loans entered into an agreement with a different lender for a $
Interest
expense on the warehouse lines of credit was $
14. NOTES PAYABLE
Notes payable consisted of the following as of December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Note payable - 2023 | $ | $ | ||||||
| Term loan agreement | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Accrued interest | ||||||||
| Debt discount | ( | ) | ||||||
| Notes payable, net | $ | $ | ||||||
On
May 13, 2025, the Company borrowed $
During
2023, Beeline Financial issued a note payable for proceeds of $
On
April 29, 2021, Beeline Financial and Beeline Loans entered into a term loan agreement with the Business Development Company of Rhode
Island (“BDCRI”) for $
| F-25 |
15. NOTES PAYABLE – RELATED PARTIES
Notes payable, related parties consisted of the following as of December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | $ | $ | ||||||
| Board member | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Accrued interest | ||||||||
| Total notes payable, related parties | $ | $ | ||||||
In
February and March of 2025, Nicholas Liuzza, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, advanced the Company a total of $
On
December 31, 2024, Mr. Liuzza loaned $
In
July 2023, Beeline Financial issued a note to a private company in which Joseph Freedman, a Board member of the Company and Beeline Financial,
has an ownership interest. This note was for $
On
October 30, 2024, the Company entered into a promissory note with LDI for $
16. SECURED CREDIT FACILITIES
Secured credit facilities consisted of the following as of December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Purchase agreement | $ | $ | ||||||
| Side letter | ||||||||
| Senior secured debentures | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Accrued interest | ||||||||
| Debt issuance costs | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total secured credit facilities, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| F-26 |
Purchase Agreement
On
November 14, 2024, the Company sold $
The Notes had a maturity date of 120 days from issuance,
were issued with a
In
March 2025, the Company and certain of the holders agreed to an extension of the maturity date to
On
May 12, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement with two Note holders to extend the maturity date to
On
May 14, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement with the two other Note holders to extend the maturity date of each Note to
The
Company also entered in three forms of side letters in 2024 with the investors which (i) permitted one investor which along with an
affiliate invested $
On
June 26, 2025, the Company amended the 120-day promissory note of $
Senior secured debentures
During
2024, Beeline Financial issued senior secured debentures of $
2024 Secured Notes
On
May 15, 2024, Eastside entered into a Loan Agreement with the SPV, Aegis, Bigger, District 2, and LDI and purchased from the Company
promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $
With
each 2024 Secured Note, Eastside issued Warrants to purchase a share of Eastside’s common stock for $
Eastside’s obligations under the 2024 Secured Notes and the Kicker Notes (collectively, the “2024 Notes”) were secured by Eastside’s pledge of its assets, subject to certain specified exceptions. In connection with the Loan Agreement, Eastside, Aegis, Bigger and District 2 amended and restated the Intercreditor Agreement they had executed on September 29, 2023. In the Amended and Restated Intercreditor Agreement, Aegis, Bigger and District 2 subordinate their liens on any barrels of spirits owned by Eastside, and the parties agree that the net proceeds of any sale of barrels will be paid to the Subscribers in satisfaction of the 2024 Notes. Commencing when all barrels have been sold, the lien of the Subscribers under the 2024 Notes would become pari passu with the senior lien on the remaining collateral.
Subsequently in 2024, these notes were exchanged as part of the Debt Exchange Agreement, further described above in Note 5 - Debt Exchange Agreement.
| F-27 |
6% Secured Convertible Promissory Notes
On
April 19, 2021, Eastside entered into a securities purchase agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with accredited investors (“Subscribers”)
for their purchase of up to $
Secured Credit Facilities – Related Party
On October 7, 2022, Eastside entered into a Note Purchase
Agreement dated as of October 6, 2022 with Aegis. Pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement, Aegis purchased from Eastside a secured promissory
note in the principal amount of $
On September 29, 2023, Eastside entered into a Debt
Satisfaction Agreement with Aegis and other creditors, pursuant to which the Aegis Note was amended and restated. Principal and interest
of $
17. LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Beeline
Financial leases office space under various operating lease agreements, including an office for its headquarters, for branch location
and licensing purposes under non-cancelable lease arrangements that provide for payments on a graduated basis with various expiration
dates. Terms of these leases include, in some instances, scheduled rent increases, renewals, purchase options and maintenance costs,
and vary by lease. Beeline Financial has leased approximately
As
the rate implicit in each lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate of
During
the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company reassessed the lease term for its office headquarters and determined that the Company will
not exercise the renewal option. This change in judgment resulted in a reduction of the lease term for the affected leases. As a result
of the remeasurement, the Company reduced the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities by $
Lease
expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Aggregate lease expense for the years ended
December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $
Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:
| (Dollars in thousands) | Operating Leases | Weighted-Average Remaining Term in Years | ||||||
| 2026 | $ | |||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| Total lease payments | ||||||||
| Less imputed interest (based on | ( | ) | ||||||
| Present value of lease liability | ||||||||
| Less current portion | ||||||||
| Lease liabilities, net of current portion | $ | |||||||
| F-28 |
18. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Increase in Authorized Shares
On January 27, 2025, a Special Meeting of the Stockholders of the Company was held and stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $ per share, to from .
Reverse Stock Split
On
March 12, 2025, the Company implemented a
Issuance of Common Stock
2025
In
February 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock related to a legal settlement agreed upon in October 2024 where $
From
June 26, 2025 through June 30, 2025, certain holders of the Notes converted $
In June 2025, the Company issued shares of common stock at $ per share in satisfaction of the former Chief Executive Officer’s employment agreement. The Company recorded $ of employee stock-based compensation included in compensation, commissions and benefits in the consolidated statements of operations.
In
October 2025, the Company received $
In
October 2025, the Company issued
shares of restricted common stock to the Company’s Board of Directors under its Amended and Restated 2025 Equity Incentive
Plan (the “2025 Plan”) subject to certain vesting requirements. The total value of these RSA grants was $
In
November 2025, the Company issued
shares of restricted common stock to consultants of the Company
under its 2025 Plan subject to certain vesting requirements. The total value of these RSA grants was $
On
November 11, 2025, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain accredited investors, pursuant to which the
Company sold
common shares at $
per share, raising gross proceeds of $
During
the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company issued dividends of shares of common stock computed using a VWAP of $ per share to its Series
B Preferred stockholders and recorded $
During
2025, the Company sold
shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $
During 2025, the Company issued a cumulative shares of common stock as a result of various preferred stock conversions as noted below.
See Note 25, Subsequent Events for common stock issued in 2026.
2024
On
September 5, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with a single institutional investor for the sale of
shares of common stock for $ per share, and the sale of pre-funded warrants for $ per warrant. The warrants permitted the purchase
of
| F-29 |
On October 15, 2024, the Company issued shares of common stock to its prior Chief Executive Officer at $ per share in satisfaction of a bonus obligation and issued shares of common stock as inducement for continued services after the Merger.
Pursuant
to the terms of the Debt Exchange Agreement on October 7, 2024, the Company issued a total of shares of common stock to Esping,
WPE and Grammen, and Eastside was released from liability for $
During
November 2024, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements for the sale of securities consisting of shares of common
stock for gross proceeds of $
During the year ended December 31, 2024, Eastside issued shares of common stock to a director to settle $ of accrued compensation. The shares were issued at a contractually agreed upon price of $ per share. For accounting purposes, the shares were valued at $ per share based upon the closing price on the date of grant for stock-based compensation of $. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Eastside issued shares of common stock to employees and a consultant for stock-based compensation of $ million at $ per share.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued dividends of shares of common stock at $ per share to its Series B Preferred stockholders.
ELOC Agreement
On
December 31, 2024, the Company entered into entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement and related Registration Rights Agreement
(collectively, the “ELOC Agreement”) with an institutional investor (the “Purchaser”) pursuant to which the Company
agreed to sell, and the Purchaser agreed to purchase, up to $
On
March 7, 2025,
Preferred Stock
The Company has million shares of preferred stock authorized at a par value of $ per share.
Issuance of Series A Preferred Stock
On July 23, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement with a holder of and effected the exchange of shares of Series F Preferred Stock and shares of Series F-1 Preferred Stock of the Company in exchange for the issuance to the holder of shares of a newly designated Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”).
| F-30 |
On
July 23, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of the Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred
Stock of the Company (the “Certificate of Designations”) with the Nevada Secretary of State designating and authorizing the
issuance of up to shares of Series A Preferred Stock. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock has a stated value of $. Beginning
on the initial issuance date of the Series A Preferred Stock, the holder may convert up to $
Beginning
on the issuance date of the Series A Preferred Stock on July 23, 2025 and for a period of one-year thereafter, the Company has the right
to redeem the shares of Series A Preferred Stock, other than the Special Conversion Amount, at a redemption price of $ per underlying
share of common stock (based on the $
Each
share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into common stock by a conversion ratio equal to the stated value of the Series A Preferred
Stock share divided by the Series A Preferred Stock conversion price. The Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to vote with the Company’s
common stock on an as-converted basis, subject to the
During the year ended December 31, 2025, shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted into shares of common stock, see Note 25 – Subsequent Events.
Issuance of Series B Preferred Stock
On
October 19, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with an accredited investor
for its purchase of million shares (“Preferred Shares”) of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred
Stock”) at a purchase price of $ per Preferred Share, which Preferred Shares are convertible into shares of the Company’s
common stock pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in a Certificate of Designation Establishing Series B Preferred Stock of
the Company with an initial conversion price of $
The
Series B Preferred Stock accrues dividends at a rate of
| F-31 |
Issuance of Series C Preferred Stock
During 2024, the SPV converted shares of its Series C Preferred Stock into shares of common stock, see Note 5 – Debt Exchange Agreement. In January 2025, the Certificate of Designation was withdrawn for the Series C Preferred Stock.
Issuance of Series D Preferred Stock
Each
share of Series D Preferred Stock has a stated value of $ and is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant
to the terms and conditions set forth in a Certificate of Designation establishing Series D Preferred Stock with an initial conversion
price of $
Pursuant
to the terms of the Debt Exchange Agreement on October 7, 2024, the Company issued a total of shares of Series D Preferred Stock
to Bigger and District 2, and they released the Company from liability for $
In
conjunction with the Senior Secured Notes entered into on November 14, 2024, the Company entered in a side letters with Bigger and District
2 to each convert $
During the year ended December 31, 2025, shares of Series D Preferred Stock were converted into shares of common stock.
Issuance of Series E Preferred Stock
Each
share of Series E Preferred Stock has a stated value of $ and is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant
to the terms and conditions set forth in a Certificate of Designation establishing Series E Preferred Stock with an initial conversion
price of $
Pursuant
to the terms of the Debt Exchange Agreement on October 7, 2024, the Company issued a total of shares of Series E Preferred Stock
to certain lenders, and they released the Company from liability for $
On
October 21, 2025, the Company entered into a letter agreement with the investors pursuant to which they agreed to the redemption of
their shares of Series E Preferred Stock in exchange for payment of $
million. The Company redeemed the Series E Preferred Stock on November 12, 2025 and recorded a deemed dividend of $
| F-32 |
Issuance of Series F and F-1 Preferred Stock
The
Merger that closed on October 7, 2024, was structured as an all-stock transaction. The stockholders of Beeline Financial received
million preferred shares of Series F and million preferred shares of Series F-1. Each share of Series F and F-1 Preferred Stock
has a stated value of $ and is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the terms and conditions set
forth in a Certificate of Designation establishing Series F and F-1 Preferred Stock with an initial conversion price of $
The
Series F and F-1 Preferred Stock was valued at $
On July 23, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement with a holder of and effected the exchange of shares of Series F Preferred Stock and shares of Series F-1 Preferred Stock of the Company in exchange for the issuance to the holder of shares of Series A Preferred Stock.
In
conjunction with the Senior Secured Notes entered into on November 14, 2024, the Company entered in a side letters which permitted an
affiliate who invested $
Issuance of Series G Preferred Stock
Each
share of Series G Preferred Stock has a stated value of $ and is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant
to the terms and conditions set forth in a Certificate of Designation establishing Series G Preferred Stock with an initial conversion
price of $
| F-33 |
On April 25, 2025, the Company filed with the Nevada Secretary of State a Certificate of Amendment to the Series G Preferred Stock Certificate of Designations. The Certificate of Amendment provides that (i) the beneficial ownership limitation on conversion set forth in the Certificate of Designation will not apply to a holder who is otherwise subject to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by virtue of being an executive officer or director of Company, and (ii) the anti-dilution price protection adjustment rights with respect to subsequent offerings or issuances of securities will not apply to an equity line of credit or at-the-market offering facility or as otherwise determined by the holder(s) of a majority of the Series G Preferred Stock.
During
the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company sold
shares of Series G Preferred Stock and five-year
Warrants to purchase a total of
On
March 25, 2025 (“the trigger date”), the Company sold common shares under the ELOC Agreement at $ per share, which was
less than the Series G Preferred Stock original conversion price of $
During the year ended December 31, 2025, shares of Series G Preferred Stock were converted into shares of common stock, see Note 25 – Subsequent Events.
In
January 2025, the Company issued a consultant
shares of Series G Preferred Stock that were issuable as of December 31, 2024. In addition, in January 2025, the Company issued
shares of Series G Preferred Stock for legal services of $
On
December 31, 2024, the Company issued a consultant shares of Series G Preferred Stock as consideration for the waiver and release
of certain contractual rights under which the Company also paid $
On
December 31, 2024, the Company issued shares of Series G Preferred Stock as a commission fee related to the ELOC Agreement and
recorded $
Warrants
During
the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company sold shares of Series G Preferred Stock and in conjunction issued warrants to purchase
a total of
| F-34 |
On
November 11, 2025, in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company issued warrants to purchase
In
July 2025, the Company issued warrants to purchase a total of
During
November 2024, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements for the sale of shares of common stock and warrants to
purchase a total of
On
November 14, 2024, the Company sold $
On
May 16, 2024, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with the SPV, Aegis, Bigger, District 2, and LDI. With each 2024 Secured Note,
the Company issued a Warrant to purchase a share of the Company’s common stock for $
The estimated fair value of the new warrants issued in 2025 and 2024 was based on a combination of closing market trading price on the date of issuance for the public offering warrants, and the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, using the weighted average assumptions below:
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Volatility | % | % | ||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | % | ||||||
| Expected term (in years) | ||||||||
| Expected dividend yield | ||||||||
| Grant-date fair value of common stock | $ | - $ | $ | |||||
A summary of all Warrant share activity as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 is presented below:
| Warrant Shares | Weighted-Average Remaining Life (Years) | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | - | |||||||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||||||||||
| Expired | ( | ) | - | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Additions due to price protection adjustment | ||||||||||||||||
| Issued with Series G Preferred Stock units sold | ||||||||||||||||
| Granted | - | |||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Expired | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | - | ||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| F-35 |
On
March 25, 2025, the Company sold shares under the ELOC Agreement at $
per share, which was less than the exercise price of the Warrants
issued in the Company’s Series G Preferred Stock offering, resulting in the reduction of the exercise price of the warrants to
$
per share and an increase in common shares issuable upon exercise
of
under the full price protection adjustment of the Warrants.
On June 16, 2025, the Company sold shares under the ELOC Agreement at $
per share, which was less than the exercise price of the Warrants
adjusted in March 2025, resulting in the reduction of the exercise price of the warrants to $
per share and an increase in common shares issuable upon exercise
of
under the full price protection adjustment of the Warrants.
The Company recorded an additional deemed dividend related to the Warrants’ price protection of $
Beeline Warrants
In
the Merger Agreement in 2024, the Company agreed to assume
On September 8, 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”). As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were and options outstanding under the 2016 Plan, respectively. On February 6, 2025, the 2016 Plan was terminated and replaced with the 2025 Plan, and on August 1, 2025 the Board of Directors adopted the 2025 Plan.
2025 Equity Incentive Plan
The 2025 Plan initially authorized shares of common stock, which was equal to 15% of the outstanding shares of common stock on a fully-diluted basis available for award under the 2025 Plan. The 2025 Plan provides for an annual increase to such available number of shares by 5% of the shares of common stock outstanding on a fully-diluted basis each year for a period of seven years, with the first such increase to occur on January 1, 2026. The 2025 Plan provides for the issuance of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, and other share-based awards. Awards generally vest based on continued service over periods ranging from one to three years. Stock options generally have a contractual term of ten years from the grant date.
Stock Options
| # of Options | Weighted-Average Remaining Life (Years) | Weighted- Average Exercise Price | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) |
|||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Options forfeited | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Options granted | ||||||||||||||||
| Options forfeited from 2016 Plan | ( | ) | $ | - | ||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2025 | 9.4 |
$ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Exercisable as of December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2025, there were unvested options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $ million. The unvested options will vest in accordance with the vesting schedule in each respective option agreement, which is two years from the grant date. The aggregate intrinsic value of unvested options as of December 31, 2025 was $ million. During the year ended December 31, 2025, options vested.
| F-36 |
The Company uses the Black-Scholes valuation model to measure the grant-date fair value of stock options. The grant-date fair value of stock options issued to employees is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
To determine the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model, the calculation takes into consideration the effect of the following:
| ● | Exercise price of the option |
| ● | Fair value of the common stock on the date of grant |
| ● | Expected term of the option |
| ● | Expected volatility over the expected term of the option |
| ● | Risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option |
The calculation includes several assumptions that require management’s judgment. The expected term of the options is calculated using the simplified method described in GAAP. The simplified method defines the expected term as the average of the contractual term and the vesting period. Estimated volatility is derived from volatility calculated using historical closing prices of common shares of similar entities whose share prices are publicly available for the expected term of the options. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury constant maturities in effect at the time of grant for the expected term of the options.
The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes valuation model for options granted during the year ended December 31, 2025:
| Volatility | - | % | ||
| Risk-free interest rate | % - | % | ||
| Expected term (in years) | - | |||
| Expected dividend yield | ||||
| Exercise price of common stock | $ | - $ |
The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2025 was $ per share. The aggregate grant date fair value of the options granted during the year ended December 31, 2025 was $ million.
For
the year ended December 31, 2025, net compensation expense related to stock options was $
See Note 25, Subsequent Events for stock option activity in 2026.
Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) represent issued shares of common stock that vest based on continued service. Compensation cost is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the Company’s common stock and recognized over the vesting period. Unvested RSAs are subject to forfeiture and are not considered outstanding for earnings per share purposes until vested.
| F-37 |
| # of RSAs | Weighted-Average Fair Value | |||||||
| Unvested as of December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||
| Unvested as of December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||
| Released | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Unvested as of December 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||
Stock-based
compensation expense related to RSAs for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $ million and included in general and administrative
expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The total value of RSA grants was $
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) generally vest based on performance targets or continued service over a period of time and represent the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock for each RSU that vests. The grant-date fair value of RSUs is measured based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
| # of RSUs | Weighted-Average Fair Value | |||||||
| Unvested as of December 31, 2023 | $ | |||||||
| Unvested as of December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||
| Unvested as of December 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||
Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2025 of $ million was included in general and administrative expenses and $ million was included in compensation, commissions and benefits in the consolidated statements of operations. The total value of RSU grants was $ million for the year ended December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSAs was $ million.
RSUs are settled in shares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. Shares withheld to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations are accounted for as equity transactions.
See Note 25, Subsequent Events for RSU activity in 2026.
20. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal Matters
Except as set forth below, the Company is not currently subject to any other material legal proceedings; however, it could be subject to legal proceedings and claims from time to time in the ordinary course of its business, or legal proceedings it considered immaterial may in the future become material. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can, among other things, be time consuming and expensive to resolve, and can divert management resources.
On October 7, 2025, Mendez et. al. v. Optimal Blue, LLC, et. al. filed a class action complaint against 28 defendants, of which Beeline Loans is included as a defendant in the US District Court, Middle District of Tennessee. On February 23, 2026, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint removing 17 defendants, adding additional plaintiffs and adding additional description of Optimal Blue’s products to the complaint. Beeline Loans remains a defendant in the amended complaint. The complaint alleges Beeline Loans’ use of Optimal Blue’s pricing software violated federal antitrust laws. The Company intends to defend the case vigorously.
| F-38 |
On
March 1, 2023, Sandstrom Partners, Inc. filed a complaint in the Circuit Court of the State of Oregon for the County of Multnomah alleging
the Company failed to pay for its services pursuant to an agreement entered into on October 16, 2019. The complaint sought damages of
$
Government Regulations Affecting Mortgage Loan Origination
Beeline Financial operates in a heavily regulated industry that is highly focused on consumer protection. The extensive regulatory framework to which Beeline Financial is subject includes U.S. federal and state laws and regulations.
Governmental authorities and various U.S. federal and state agencies have broad oversight and supervisory authority over all aspects of Beeline Financial’s business.
Under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) was established to ensure, among other things, that consumers receive clear and accurate disclosures regarding financial products and to protect consumers from hidden fees and unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices. The CFPB’s jurisdiction includes those persons producing or brokering residential mortgage loans. It also extends to Beeline Financial’s other lines of business title insurance. The CFPB has broad supervisory and enforcement powers with regard to non-depository institutions, such as Beeline Financial, that engage in the production and servicing of home loans.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the efforts of the Trump Administration to shut down the CFPB. Presently, there is a lower federal court order enjoining the efforts to eliminate the CFPB, although the order has been appealed.
As part of its enforcement authority, the CFPB can order, among other things, rescission or reformation of contracts, the refund of moneys or the return of real property, restitution, disgorgement or compensation for unjust enrichment, the payment of damages or other monetary relief, public notifications regarding violations, remediation of practices, external compliance monitoring and civil money penalties. The CFPB has been active in investigations and enforcement actions and has issued large civil money penalties since its inception to parties the CFPB determines have violated the laws and regulations it enforces.
Effective October 1, 2022, the CFPB revised the definition of a qualified mortgage (“QM”) which permits mortgage lenders to gain a presumption of compliance with the CFPB’s ability to repay requirements if a loan meets certain underwriting criteria. Lenders are now required to comply with a new QM definition in order to receive a safe-harbor or rebuttable presumption of compliance under the ability-to-repay requirements of the Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”) and its implementing Regulation Z. The revision to the QM definition created additional compliance burdens and removed some of the legal certainties afforded to lenders under the prior QM definition. Specifically, the revised QM rule eliminated the previous requirement limiting QMs to a 43% debt-to-income ratio (“DTI”) and replaced it with pricing-based thresholds. Loans at 150 basis points or less over the average prime offer rate (“APOR”) as of the date the interest rate is set, receive a safe harbor presumption of compliance, while loans between 151 and 225 basis points over the APOR benefit from a rebuttable presumption of compliance. The new rule also created new requirements for a lender to “consider” and “verify” a borrower’s income and debts and associated DTI, along with several other underwriting requirements. Additionally, the new QM definition eliminated a path to regulatory compliance that was available for originating loans that were eligible to be sold to GSEs, which was heavily relied upon by a large segment of the mortgage industry. Due to the transition to the new QM definition, there may be residual compliance and legal risks associated with the implementation of these new underwriting obligations.
| F-39 |
The CFPB’s loan originator compensation rule prohibits compensating loan originators based on a term of a transaction, prohibits loan originators from receiving compensation directly from a consumer or another person in connection with the same transaction, imposes certain loan originator qualification and identification requirements, and imposes certain loan originator compensation recordkeeping requirements, among other things.
Beeline Financial is also supervised by regulatory agencies under state law. From time-to-time, Beeline Financial receives examination requests from the states in which Beeline Financial is licensed. State attorneys general, state mortgage licensing regulators, state insurance departments, and state and local consumer protection offices have authority to investigate consumer complaints and to commence investigations and other formal and informal proceedings regarding Beeline Financial’s operations and activities. In addition, the government-sponsored enterprises, or GSEs, the Federal Housing Authority (the “FHA”), the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”), and others subject Beeline Financial to periodic reviews and audits. This broad and extensive supervisory and enforcement oversight will continue to occur in the future.
Beeline Financial maintains dedicated staff on the legal and compliance team to ensure timely responses to regulatory examination requests and to investigate consumer complaints in accordance with regulatory regulations and expectations.
21. CONCENTRATIONS
The
Company maintains cash balances with several regional banks. The deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up
to $
The
Company previously relied on one lender for the warehouse line it uses to fund the mortgage loans it makes to its customers, which was
limited to a maximum of $
The Company sold its mortgage loans to nine and seven investors for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period October 8, 2024 – December 31, 2024, respectively.
Escrows Payable
As
a service to its clients, the Company administers escrow deposits representing undisbursed amounts received for payment of settlement
and title services. Escrow deposits held by the Company was $
22. INCOME TAXES
The Company adopted ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, as of January 1, 2025. The amendments enhanced the transparency of income tax disclosures and did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
The Company maintains deferred tax assets and liabilities that reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.
The items accounting for the difference between income taxes at the effective statutory rate and the provision for income taxes were as follows for the years ended December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | % | 2024 | % | ||||||||||||
| Expected federal income tax benefit | $ | ( | ) | % | $ | ( | ) | % | ||||||||
| State income taxes after credits | ( | ) | % | |||||||||||||
| Change in allowance | ( | ) | % | ( |
)% | |||||||||||
Non-taxable items: | ||||||||||||||||
Adjustments to predecessor operating loss carryforwards | ( | ) | % | |||||||||||||
Return to provision adjustments | ( |
)% | ||||||||||||||
Other | ( |
)% | ||||||||||||||
| Total provision for income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| F-40 |
The Company’s approximate net deferred tax assets (liabilities) were as follows as of December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Current deferred tax assets (liabilities) | ||||||||
| Accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Mortgage loans held for sale, net, at fair value | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total current deferred tax assets (liabilities) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Non-current deferred tax assets (liabilities) | ||||||||
| Net operating loss carryforwards | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Intangible assets, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Equity method investment | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total non-current deferred tax assets (liabilities) | ||||||||
| Valuation Allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | $ | $ | ||||||
The
gross operating loss carryforward was $
Additionally, the future utilization of the net operating loss carryforward to offset future taxable income is subject to an annual limitation as a result of ownership or business changes that may occur in the future. The Company has not conducted a study to determine the limitations on the utilization of these net operating loss carryforwards. If necessary, the deferred tax assets (liabilities) will be reduced by any carryforward that may not be utilized or expires prior to utilization as a result of such limitations, with a corresponding reduction of the valuation allowance.
The
Company does
Basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without considering any dilutive items. Potentially dilutive securities consist of the incremental common stock issuable upon exercise of preferred stock, stock options, and warrants. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation if their effect is anti-dilutive. There were anti-dilutive common shares included in the calculation of income (loss) per common share as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. As of December 31, 2025, there were million shares of common stock equivalents that were antidilutive due to the Company’s net loss, including million under preferred stock, million under warrants and million stock options. As of December 31, 2024, there were million shares of common stock equivalents that were antidilutive due to the Company’s net loss.
| F-41 |
24. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Prior
to its acquisition by the Company, Beeline Financial issued a note to a private company in which Joseph Freedman, a Board member of the
Company, has an ownership interest. This note was for $
Beginning
in June 2025, the Company has partnered with TYTL. TYTL finances certain residential real estate transactions funded through the
sale of a cryptocurrency token which is backed by real property. In these transactions, TYTL purchases equity from homeowners
seeking liquidity, funding such purchases from the sale of the cryptocurrency tokens. The Company provides TYTL with certain
services in connection with these transactions, specifically through providing access to its platform, and providing title and
escrow services through Beeline Title Holdings in exchange for cash fees. Other than providing title and escrow services as noted
above, the Company is not involved in any cryptocurrency or other transactions of TYTL. During June 2025, Beeline Title Holdings
closed its first such residential real estate transaction funded through the sale of a cryptocurrency token backed by real property.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded $
During
March 2025, Mr. Liuzza purchased
In
February and March of 2025, Mr. Liuzza advanced the Company $
In
January 2025, Mr. Liuzza entered into a SAFE with MagicBlocks, an entity in which the Company also has a
Jessica
Kennedy, Beeline Financial’s Chief Operating Officer, owns a
Beeline
Loans partnered with CredEvolv on February 26, 2025 to help declined borrowers improve their credit and secure mortgage approval. Steve
Romano is co-founder and President of CredEvolv. Beeline Financial engaged Mr. Romano to provide certain consulting services pursuant
to an agreement dated July 29, 2024 to continue until terminated by written notice. As of December 31, 2025, the Company paid Mr. Romano
$
Beeline
Loans is a member of The Mortgage Collaborative, which is an industry trade group founded by David Kittle. Beeline Loans pays
membership fees of $
2024 Secured Notes
During
February 2024, LDI advanced the Company $
| F-42 |
25. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
During 2026, the Company issued shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $0.5 million in at-the-market public placements pursuant to the ATM Agreement.
During 2026, investors converted Preferred Stock, see below, into shares of common stock.
During
2026, the Company issued
shares of common stock upon the exercise of Warrants related to the Company’s Series G Preferred Stock offering for proceeds of $
During
2026, the Company issued
shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options issued under its 2025 Plan for proceeds of $
In January 2026, the Company issued shares of restricted common stock valued at $ per share based on the 2025 grant date fair value to an employee under its 2025 Plan.
ELOC Agreement
During 2026, the Company sold and issued a total of
shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $
2025 Equity Incentive Plan
During 2026, the Company granted stock options to employees with a fair market value of $ million vesting over 10 months.
Series A Preferred Stock
During 2026, the remaining shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted or exchanged into a total of shares of common stock. In March 2026, the Certificate of Designation was withdrawn for the Series A Preferred Stock.
Series D Preferred Stock
In January 2026, the Certificate of Designation was withdrawn for the Series D Preferred Stock.
Series F and F-1 Preferred Stock
During 2026, investors converted shares of Series F and F-1 Preferred Stock into shares of common stock.
Series G Preferred Stock
During 2026, investors converted shares of Series G Preferred Stock into shares of common stock.
Warrants
During 2026, investors exercised Warrants for proceeds of $ million related to the Company’s Series G Preferred Stock offering and the Company issued shares of common stock, including shares of common stock issued under the cashless exercise provision upon the exercise of Warrants.
Related Party Transactions
As
of March 31, 2026, the Company further advanced $
| F-43 |
Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Report. These disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2025 due to certain material weaknesses referred to below under “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.”
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 using the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). With the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). This assessment of internal control over financial reporting includes an evaluation of policies and procedures that:
| ● | pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; | |
| ● | provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and | |
| ● | provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. |
The Company’s management has determined that the Company does not have sufficient segregation of duties within accounting functions due to its limited accounting personnel. Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the parameters referred to above and has concluded that as of December 31, 2025, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP as a result of the following material weaknesses:
| ● | The Company does not have sufficient segregation of duties within accounting functions due to its limited financial and accounting personnel. | |
| ● | Lack of formal monitoring and review procedures including multiple level of review over accounting financial reporting process due to the small size of its accounting staff. |
| 54 |
| ● | The Company does not have sufficient written documentation of our internal control policies and procedures. |
We plan to rectify these weaknesses by implementing written policies and procedures for our internal control of financial reporting.
This Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. We were not required to have, nor have we, engaged our independent registered public accounting firm to perform an audit of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
No changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Trading Arrangements
During
the quarter ended December 31, 2025, no director or officer
Unregistered Sales
On March 18, 2026, the Company sold a total of 444,444 shares of common stock for total gross proceeds of $1.0 million under the ELOC Agreement dated March 7, 2025. To the extent that such transaction was deemed to be unregistered, the transaction was exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 and Rule 506(b) thereunder.
Item 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.
Not applicable
PART III
Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The following is a brief description of the principal occupation and recent business experience of each of our executive officers and directors and their ages as of March 31, 2026:
| Name | Age | Position | ||
| Nicholas R. Liuzza, Jr. | 60 | Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
| Christopher R. Moe | 70 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Tiffany Milton | 49 | Chief Accounting Officer | ||
| Joseph Caltabiano | 48 | Director | ||
| Eric Finnsson | 64 | Director | ||
| Joseph Freedman | 60 | Director | ||
| Francis Knuettel II | 59 | Director | ||
| Stephen Romano | 50 | Director |
Our Board currently consists of six members. All directors hold office until their successors have been elected and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation, disqualification, or removal. Board vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority vote of the directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Our Board may establish the authorized number of directors from time-to-time by resolution.
There are no family relationships among our officers or directors.
| 55 |
Executive Officers
Nicholas R. Liuzza, Jr. became the Chief Executive Officer of the Company on March 7, 2025. He is also the Chief Executive Officer of Beeline Financial, the Company’s principal subsidiary. Mr. Liuzza co-founded Beeline Financial in 2019 and has served as its Chief Executive Officer since 2019. He has been a director of Red Cat Holdings, Inc. [Nasdaq: RCAT] since June 1, 2019.
Christopher R. Moe was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer on October 7, 2024 in connection with the Merger. Since June 2023, Mr. Moe has served as the Chief Financial Officer of Beeline Financial. Mr. Moe has been a director of Red Cat Holdings, Inc. [Nasdaq: RCAT] since February 16, 2022. On December 17, 2025, Mr. Moe was appointed a director of Datacentrex, Inc. (Nasdaq: DTCX). From 2018 until 2023, he was the Chief Financial Officer and a director of Yates Electrospace Corporation, a heavy payload, contested logistics drone provider.
Tiffany Milton was appointed as the Company’s Chief Accounting Officer on April 25, 2025. Ms. Milton served as the Company’s Controller since January 2021. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Milton served as Director of Financial Reporting at Gemini Rosemont Commercial Real Estate from January of 2015 to December of 2020. She has over 20 years of experience in many industries, primarily in SEC reporting. She is a certified public accountant in the state of New Mexico.
Non-Employee Directors
Joseph Caltabiano was appointed to our Board on October 7, 2024 in connection with the Merger. Mr. Caltabiano’s career is currently focused on emerging medicine industries. As co-founder and CEO of Healing Realty Trust, a real estate investment company founded in 2023, he is devoted to developing clinical infrastructure necessary to support the administration of healthcare services and novel therapies in the behavioral health market. As founder of JSC Fund, which was founded in 2020, Mr. Caltabiano helps uncover and advance opportunities in cannabis and other regulated sectors. Mr. Caltabiano helped pioneer the cannabis industry by co-founding Cresco Labs in 2013, one of North America’s largest vertically integrated cannabis operators, which he grew into a multi-state operator with annualized revenue of over $250 million. Before focusing on emerging medicine industries, Mr. Caltabiano served as Senior Vice President of Mortgage Banking at Guaranteed Rate, one of the largest mortgage providers in the U.S.
Eric Finnsson was appointed to our Board on July 30, 2020. From March 2019 to June 2020 Mr. Finnsson served as Chief Financial Officer of GLG Life Tech Corporation, a producer of zero calorie natural sweeteners. Prior to joining GLG Life Tech Corporation, Mr. Finnsson worked as an independent consultant, offering finance and business consulting services to start-ups and individuals investing in China. A retired audit partner, Mr. Finnsson worked for KPMG for over 25 years in Canada, Europe and China, including three years specializing in Global Risk Management in KPMG’s International Headquarters.
Joseph Freedman Joseph Freedman was appointed to the Board on October 7, 2024, in connection with the Merger. He previously joined the Board of Beeline Financial in 2023 and currently serves as Lead Director of Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (Nasdaq: RCAT), where he has been a director since 2021 and previously chaired both the Compensation and Nominating & Governance Committees. Mr. Freedman also holds board roles at OneTap Maintenance (proptech), ResiCom Capital Partners (real estate investment), and Fluid Capital Network (financial services). From 2006 to 2024, he served as co-founder and CEO of Event Works Rental, a full-service event rental company. Earlier in his career, he founded and led companies in legal services, title insurance, software, and executive search. With a proven track record as both an operator and board member, Mr. Freedman brings deep cross-sector experience spanning finance, technology, and high-growth businesses.
Francis Knuettel II was appointed to the Board of Directors on May 14, 2025. Mr. Knuettel has been Chief Financial Officer of Pelthos Therapeutics Inc. (NYSE American: PTHS) since June 2022 and was Pelthos’ Chief Executive Officer from July 2023 through July 20025. He was also a director of Pelthos from August 2024 through July 2025. Prior to that, from December 2020 to March 2022, he served as Chief Executive Officer and director of Unrivaled Brands, Inc. (OTCQX: UNRV).
| 56 |
Stephen Romano was appointed as a director of the Company on March 7, 2025. In July 2021, he founded CredEvolv, a fintech software platform that connects consumer, lenders, and nonprofit credit counselors, where he continues to serve as President. From December 13, 2021 to September 2024, Mr. Romano served as President of Grand River Mortgage Company, LLC (d/b/a GRMC Lending), a digital mortgage company specializing in providing home loans to consumers.
Board Committees
Audit Committee
Our Audit Committee oversees the engagement of our independent registered public accounting firm, reviews our audited financial statements, meets with our independent registered public accounting firm to review internal controls and reviews our financial plans. Our Audit Committee currently consists of Eric Finnsson, who is the Chair of the Committee, Joseph Freedman and Stephen Romano. Each of Messrs. Finnsson, Freedman and Romano has been determined by our Board to be independent in accordance with Nasdaq and SEC standards. Our Board has also designated Mr. Finnsson as an “audit committee financial expert” as the term is defined under SEC regulations and has determined that Mr. Finnsson possesses the requisite “financial sophistication” under applicable Nasdaq Rules. The Audit Committee operates under a written charter which is available on our website at https://makeabeeline.com/investor-relations/. Our website is not part of this Report. Both our independent registered public accounting firm and internal financial personnel regularly meet with our Audit Committee and have unrestricted access to the Audit Committee. Each member of the Audit Committee is able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including our consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows. Further, no member of the Audit Committee has participated in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, or those of any of our current subsidiaries, at any time during the past three years.
Compensation Committee
Our Compensation Committee reviews and recommends policies, practices, and procedures relating to compensation for our directors, officers and other employees and advising and consulting with our officers regarding managerial personnel and development. Our Compensation Committee currently consists of Joseph Freedman, who is the Chair of the Committee, Eric Finnsson, and Stephen Romano. Each of Messrs. Freedman, Finnsson and Romano has been determined by our Board to be independent in accordance with Nasdaq standards. Each member of our Compensation Committee is also a non-employee director, as defined pursuant to Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act. The Compensation Committee operates under a written charter. Under its charter, the functions of the Compensation Committee include:
| ● | Reviewing and approving annually the corporate goals and objectives applicable to the Chief Executive Officer; | |
| ● | Reviewing and approving the compensation of all other executive officers; | |
| ● | Reviewing and making recommendations to the Board regarding incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans; | |
| ● | Reviewing and approving any employment agreements, severance agreements or plans or change-in-control arrangements with executive officers; | |
| ● | Reviewing director compensation for service on the Board and committees at least once a year and to recommend any changes to the Board; and | |
| ● | Developing and recommending to the Board for approval an officer succession plan to develop and evaluate potential candidates for executive positions. |
The Compensation Committee may delegate any of its responsibilities, along with the authority to take action in relation to such responsibilities, to one or more subcommittees as the Compensation Committee may deem appropriate in its sole discretion.
Pursuant to its charter, the Compensation Committee has the authority, in its sole discretion, to select, retain and obtain the advice of a compensation consultant, outside legal counsel, or other advisors as it deems necessary to fulfill its duties and responsibilities under its charter.
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Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
No member of the Compensation Committee has at any time been an officer or employee of Beeline or of any subsidiary or affiliate of Beeline. None of the members was party to any transaction or had any related party relationship with Beeline or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates during the year ended December 31, 2025, except as disclosed under “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.” In addition, Messrs. Freedman, Moe and Liuzza are members of the Board of Directors of Red Cat Holdings, Inc. [Nasdaq: RCAT].
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (the “Nominating Committee”) evaluates the composition, size and governance of our Board and its committees, evaluates and recommends candidates for election to our Board, establishes a policy for considering stockholder nominees and reviewing our corporate governance principles and provides recommendations to the Board. Our Nominating Committee currently consists of Joseph Caltabiano, who is the Chair of the Committee, Eric Finnsson and Joseph Freedman, each of whom has been determined by our Board to be independent in accordance with Nasdaq standards.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers, and directors. We will provide to any person without charge, upon request, a copy of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. Requests may be directed to our principal executive offices at 188 Valley Street, Suite 225, Providence, RI, 02909. Also, a copy of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our website. We will disclose, on our website, any amendment to, or a waiver from, a provision of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions and that relates to any element of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics enumerated in applicable rules of the SEC.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors, executive officers, and persons who own more than 10% of our common stock to file initial reports of ownership and changes in ownership of our common stock and other equity securities with the SEC. These individuals are required by the regulations of the SEC to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based solely on a review of the copies of the forms furnished to us, we believe that all filing requirements applicable to our officers, directors and 10% beneficial owners were complied with during 2025, except for two Form 4’s for Mr. Liuzza, reporting the purchase of shares of the Company’s common stock and the purchase of shares of the Company’s Series G Convertible Preferred Stock and Warrants to purchase common stock, not timely filed due in each case to an administrative error.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and named executive officers, for services rendered during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The term “named executive officer” means each of the Company’s principal executive officer, each individual who served as a principal executive officer during 2025, the two most highly paid executive officers with compensation exceeding $100,000 during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and up to two additional individuals who would qualify under the preceding category but for the fact that they did not serve as an executive officer as of December 31, 2025.
| Name and Position | Year | Salary ($) | Bonus ($) | Stock Awards ($) | Option Awards ($) | Total ($) | ||||||||||||||||
| Nicholas R. Liuzza, Jr. | 2025 | 30,000 | - | 46,080 | (2) | 46,080 | (2) | 76,080 | ||||||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer (1) | 2024 | 30,000 | - | - | - | 30,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Geoffrey Gwin | 2025 | 200,000 | - | 14,300 | (4) | - | 214,300 | |||||||||||||||
| Former Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer; Current President of Bridgetown Spirits Corp. (3) | 2024 | 350,000 | 190,000 | (5) | - | 232,000 | (6) | 772,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Christopher R. Moe | 2025 | 180,000 | - | - | 216,576 | (8) | 396,576 | |||||||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer (7) | 2024 | 150,000 | 140,672 | (9) | - | - | 290,672 | |||||||||||||||
| Tiffany Milton | 2025 | 165,000 | - | - | 32,256 | (11) | 197,256 | |||||||||||||||
| Chief Accounting Officer (10) | 2024 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| (1) | Mr. Liuzza was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company on March 7, 2025. | |
| (2) | Represents an award of 50,000 stock options under the Amended and Restated 2025 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2025 Plan”) exercisable at $0.9216 per share, vesting annually in equal amounts over two years from May 28, 2025, subject to continued service on the applicable vesting date. |
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| (3) | Mr. Gwin served as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer until his resignation from such role on March 7, 2025. He also previously served as Chief Financial Officer until his resignation from such role on October 7, 2024, and as President of Bridgetown Spirits until the sale of that entity on July 25, 2025. | |
| (4) | In connection with Mr. Gwin’s resignation as Chief Executive Officer of the Company and appointment as President of Bridgetown Spirits, in April 2025 the Board approved and the Company issued Mr. Gwin 10,000 shares of common stock at $1.43 per share. | |
| (5) | Represents 3,279 shares of common stock issued at $30.50 per share in lieu of a $100,000 bonus payment, and 18,000 shares of common stock at $5.00 per share which the Company issued to Mr. Gwin in lieu of a $90,000 bonus payment for special services performed in 2024, as elected by Mr. Gwin. See “Employment Agreements-Geoffrey Gwin” below for more information. | |
| (6) | Represents 40,000 shares of restricted common stock issued at $5.80 per share which the Company issued to Mr. Gwin pursuant to his Employment Agreement, as amended. See “Employment Agreements-Geoffrey Gwin” below for more information. | |
| (7) | Mr. Moe was appointed as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company on October 7, 2024. | |
| (8) | Represents an award of 235,000 stock options under the 2025 Plan exercisable at $0.9216 per share, vesting annually in equal amounts over two years from May 28, 2025, subject to continued service on the applicable vesting date. | |
| (9) | Reflects a cash bonus earned by Mr. Moe in connection with a recapitalization transaction in June 2024, of which $20,096 was paid in 2024 and the balance was paid in 2025. | |
| (10) | Ms. Milton was appointed as the Chief Accounting Officer of the Company on April 25, 2025. Does not include a total of $170,000 of compensation Ms. Milton received in 2024 prior to being appointed Chief Accounting Officer. | |
| (11) | Represents an award of 35,000 stock options under the 2025 Plan exercisable at $0.9216 per share, vesting annually in equal amounts over two years from May 28, 2025, subject to continued service on the applicable vesting date. |
Outstanding Equity Awards at 2025 Fiscal Year-End
Listed below is information with respect to unvested stock awards for each named executive officer outstanding as of December 31, 2025:
| Name | Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) exercisable | Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) unexercisable (1) | Equity incentive plan awards: Number of securities underlying unexercised unearned options (#) | Option Exercise Price ($) | Option Expiration Date | |||||||||||||||
| Nicholas R. Liuzza, Jr. | - | 50,000 | - | $ | 0.9216 | May 28, 2035 | ||||||||||||||
| Christopher R. Moe | - | 235,000 | - | $ | 0.9216 | May 28, 2035 | ||||||||||||||
| Tiffany Milton | - | 35,000 | - | $ | 0.9216 | May 28, 2035 | ||||||||||||||
| (1) | Represents stock options that were granted under the 2025 Plan, vesting annually in equal amounts over two years from May 28, 2025, subject to continued service on the applicable vesting date. |
Employment Agreements
Nicholas R. Liuzza, Jr. Mr. Liuzza was appointed the Chief Executive Officer of the Company on March 7, 2025 and receives compensation of $30,000 annually.
Christopher R. Moe. Mr. Moe was appointed as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company on October 7, 2024 and receives a monthly salary of $15,000.
Tiffany Milton. Ms. Milton was appointed as the Chief Accounting Officer of the Company on April 25, 2025 and receives a monthly salary of $13,750.
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Director Compensation
The following table sets forth the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to the non-employee members of our Board for services rendered as a director during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
| Name | Fees Earned ($) | Stock Awards ($)(1) | All Other Compensation ($) | Total ($) | ||||||||||||
| Joseph Caltabiano | 57,500 | 486,273 | (2) | - | 543,773 | |||||||||||
| Eric Finnsson | 62,500 | 335,198 | (3) | - | 397,698 | |||||||||||
| Joseph Freedman | 60,000 | 517,414 | (4) | - | 577,414 | |||||||||||
| Francis Knuettel II | 50,000 | 494,739 | (5) | - | 544,739 | |||||||||||
| Stephen Romano | 50,000 | 288,265 | (6) | 105,000 | (7) | 443,265 | ||||||||||
| (1) | All amounts reflect the aggregate grant date fair value calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on October 1, 2025 of $3.77 per share. These amounts do not reflect the actual economic value realized by the director. | |
| (2) | Represents (i) 49,818 shares of vested common stock in lieu of cash for prior services, (ii) 30,000 shares of common stock vesting one-third annually over three years from May 28, 2025, (iii) 19,166 shares of common stock vesting on May 28, 2026 and (iv) 30,000 restricted stock units vesting on the earlier of one year from the grant date or delivery of a final report by a special committee of the Board. | |
| (3) | Represents (i) 48,913 shares of vested common stock in lieu of cash for prior services, (ii) 30,000 shares of common stock vesting one-third annually over three years from May 28, 2025 and (iii) 10,000 shares of common stock vesting on May 28, 2026. | |
| (4) | Represents (i) 99,638 shares of vested common stock in lieu of cash for prior services, (ii) 30,000 shares of common stock vesting one-third annually over three years from May 28, 2025, (iii) 28,333 shares of common stock vesting on May 28, 2026, and (iv) 30,000 restricted stock units vesting on the earlier of one year from the grant date or delivery of a final report by a special committee of the Board. | |
| (5) | Represents (i) 30,000 shares of common stock vesting one-third annually over three years from May 28, 2025, (ii) 10,000 shares of common stock vesting on May 28, 2026, and (iii) 30,000 restricted stock units vesting on the earlier of one year from the grant date or delivery of a final report by a special committee of the Board. | |
| (6) | Represents (i) 30,797 shares of vested common stock, (ii) 30,000 shares of common stock vesting one-third annually over three years from May 28, 2025, and (iii) 15,666 shares of common stock vesting on May 28, 2026. | |
| (7) | Represents fees paid to the director for consulting services unrelated to his service as a director pursuant to a consulting agreement which was terminated in December 2025. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.” |
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table provides information concerning compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance as of December 31, 2025:
| Plan Category | Number of shares to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, SARs and Warrants | Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options | Number of Options Remaining for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plan | |||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1) | 1,742,000 | $ | 0.95 | 2,324,470 | ||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Total | 1, 742,000 | $ | 0.95 | 2,324,470 | ||||||||
| (1) | On August 1, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2025 Plan and it was approved by stockholders on October 2, 2025. The 2025 Plan initially authorized 4,588,802 shares of common stock, which was equal to 15% of the outstanding shares of common stock on a fully-diluted basis available for award under the 2025 Plan. The 2025 Plan provides for an annual increase to such available number of shares by 5% of the shares of common stock outstanding on a fully-diluted basis each year for a period of seven years, with the first such increase to occur on January 1, 2026. The 2025 Plan provides for the issuance of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, and other share-based awards. |
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Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth the number of shares of our common stock beneficially owned as of March 31, 2026 by (i) our named executive officers, (ii) each director, (iii) those persons known by us to be owners of more than 5% of our common stock, and (iv) all of our executive officers and directors as a group. Unless otherwise specified in the footnotes to this table, the address for each person is: c/o Beeline Holdings, Inc., 188 Valley Street, Suite 225, Providence, RI 02909.
| Title of Class of Stock | Beneficial Owner Name & Address | Amount of Class of Stock Beneficially Owned (1) | Percent of Class of Stock Beneficially Owned (1) | |||||||
| Executive Officers and Directors | ||||||||||
| Common Stock | Nicholas R. Liuzza, Jr., Chief Executive Officer and Director (2) | 8,226,773 | 23.9 | % | ||||||
| Common Stock | Christopher R. Moe, Chief Financial Officer (3) | 157,500 | * | |||||||
| Common Stock | Tiffany Milton, Chief Accounting Officer (4) | 28,009 | * | |||||||
Common Stock | Eric Finnsson, Director (5) | 90,926 | * | |||||||
| Common Stock | Joseph Caltabiano, Director (6) | 98,984 | * | |||||||
| Common Stock | Joseph Freedman, Director (7) | 482,295 | 1.6 | % | ||||||
| Common Stock | Stephen Romano, Director (8) | 76,463 | * | |||||||
| Common Stock | Francis Knuettel II, Director (9) | 40,000 | * | |||||||
| Common Stock | All directors and executive officers as a group (8 persons) | 9,200,950 | 26.5 | % | ||||||
| 5% or more Stockholders | ||||||||||
| Common Stock | Sansar Capital Master Fund LP (10) | 2,248,560 | 6.5 | % | ||||||
| Common Stock | AWM Investment Co Inc. (11) | 1,875,000 | 5.4 | % | ||||||
*Less than 1%.
(1) Applicable percentages are based on 30,647,369 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2026. Shares of common stock subject to options, warrants, convertible preferred stock and other derivative securities currently exercisable or convertible, or exercisable or convertible within 60 days are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person holding such securities but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person. Does not include options held by our management, which are subject to performance standards. Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes to this table, the Company believes that each of the shareholders named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares indicated as beneficially owned by them.
(2) Nicholas R. Liuzza, Jr. Common stock beneficially owned includes (i) 223,716 shares of common stock held by a trust of which Mr. Liuzza is the trustee, (ii) 3,762,880 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of Warrants, as adjusted pursuant to price protection provisions therein, which are exercisable at $0.66 per share, and (iii) 25,000 stock options exercisable at $0.9216 per share which vest on May 28, 2026. Does not include the remaining 25,000 stock options exercisable at $0.9216 per share which vest on May 28, 2027.
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(3) Christopher Moe. Common stock beneficially owned includes 117,500 stock options exercisable at $0.9216 per share which vest on May 28, 2026. Does not include the remaining 117,500 stock options exercisable at $0.9216 per share which vest on May 28, 2027.
(4) Tiffany Milton. Common stock beneficially owned includes 17,500 stock options exercisable at $0.9216 per share which vest on May 28, 2026. Does not include the remaining 17,500 stock options exercisable at $0.9216 per share which vest on May 28, 2027.
(5) Eric Finnsson. Common stock beneficially owned includes 40,000 shares of restricted common stock that vest as follows: 10,000 shares shall vest on May 28, 2026 and 30,000 shares shall vest in equal increments annually over three years with the first vesting date on May 28, 2026, subject to continued service as a director as of each applicable vesting date.
(6) Joseph Caltabiano. Common stock beneficially owned includes 49,166 shares of restricted common stock that vest as follows: 10,000 shares shall vest on May 28, 2026; 30,000 shares shall vest in equal increments annually over three years with the first vesting date on May 28, 2026; and 9,166 shares for prior work shall vest on May 28, 2026, subject to continued service as a director as of each applicable vesting date. Does not include 30,000 RSUs which vest upon the earlier of (i) August 5, 2026 or (ii) the delivery of a final report and recommendation by the special committee of the Board of Directors.
(7) Joseph Freedman. Common stock beneficially owned includes (i) 117,404 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of Warrants, as adjusted pursuant to price protection provisions therein, which are exercisable at $0.66 per share and (ii) 58,333 restricted common stock that vest as follows: 10,000 shares shall vest on May 28, 2026; 30,000 shares shall vest in equal increments annually over three years with the first vesting date on May 28, 2026; and 18,333 shares for prior work shall vest on May 28, 2026, subject to continued service as a director. Does not include 30,000 RSUs which vest upon the earlier of (i) August 5, 2026 or (ii) the delivery of a final report and recommendation by the special committee of the Board of Directors.
(8) Stephen Romano. Common stock beneficially owned includes 45,666 shares of restricted common stock that vest as follows: 10,000 shares shall vest on May 28, 2026; 30,000 shares shall vest in equal increments annually over three years with the first vesting date on May 28, 2026; and 5,666 shares for prior work shall vest on May 28, 2026, subject to continued service as a director as of each applicable vesting date.
(9) Francis Knuettel II. Common stock beneficially owned includes 40,000 shares of restricted common stock that vest as follows: 10,000 shares shall vest on May 28, 2026; 30,000 shares shall vest in equal increments annually over three years with the first vesting date on May 28, 2026, subject to continued service as a director as of each applicable vesting date. Does not include 30,000 RSUs which vest upon the earlier of (i) August 5, 2026 or (ii) the delivery of a final report and recommendation by the special committee of the Board of Directors.
(10) Sansar Capital Master Fund LP. Sansar Capital Master Fund LP is controlled by Sanjay Motwani, President. Address is 220 Riverside Blvd., Apt 20N New York, NY 10069.
(11) AWM Investment Co Inc. David M. Greenhouse and Adam Stettner are controlling principals of AWM Investment Co Inc. Address is 527 Madison Avenue, Suite 2600 New York, NY 10022.
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The following is a description of transactions since January 1, 2024 as to which the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent (1%) of the average of the Company’s total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years, which was $686,000, and in which any related person has or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than equity, compensation, termination and other arrangements.
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2024 Secured Notes
On May 16, 2024, the Company entered into a Loan Agreement with the SPV, Aegis, Bigger, District 2 and LDI. Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, Bigger, District 2 and LDI (the “Subscribers”) loaned the Company for $1,100,000 and received promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,100,000 (the “2024 Secured Notes”). The 2024 Secured Notes could be satisfied by payment of 105% of principal on or before July 31, 2024, by payment of 110% of principal on or before November 29, 2024, by payment of 130% of principal on or before March 30, 2025 or by payment of 140% of principal on March 31, 2025.
With each 2024 Secured Note, the Company issued a Warrant to purchase a share of the Company’s common stock for $5.00 exercisable for five years after December 2, 2024 if on November 29, 2024 the 2024 Secured Note issued to the Warrant holder remains unsatisfied. LDI received a Warrant to purchase 59,802 shares and each of Bigger and District 2 received a warrant to purchase 29,901 shares.
The Company’s obligations under the 2024 Secured Notes were secured by the Company’s pledge of its assets, subject to certain specified exceptions. In connection with the Loan Agreement, the Company, Aegis, Bigger and District 2 amended and restated the Intercreditor Agreement they had executed on September 29, 2023. In the Amended and Restated Intercreditor Agreement, Aegis, Bigger and District 2 subordinated their liens on any barrels of spirits owned by the Company, and the parties agreed that the net proceeds of any sale of barrels would be paid to the Subscribers in satisfaction of the 2024 Secured Notes. Commencing when all barrels have been sold, the lien of the Subscribers under the Secured 2024 Notes would become pari passu with the senior lien on the remaining collateral. Subsequent to the closing, the 2024 Notes were included in the October 2024 debt exchange with the remaining collateral being contributed with the exchanged assets as detailed in “The Merger – First Amended and Restated Debt Exchange Agreement.”
Debt Exchange Agreement
As mentioned above, on September 4, 2024, the Company and Craft entered into the Exchange Agreement with the SPV, Aegis, Bigger, District 2, LDI and three individual creditors including Robert Grammen, a director. Subsequent to the execution of the Exchange Agreement, the assets of the SPV were distributed to its members, i.e. Aegis, Bigger, District 2 and LDI. To reflect the effect of the distribution on the transactions contemplated by the Exchange Agreement, the parties, on October 3, 2024, executed the First Amended and Restated Debt Exchange Agreement, and the transaction closed on October 7, 2024.
Liuzza Investments and Loans
On December 31, 2024, Mr. Liuzza loaned $700,000 to Beeline Loans and in exchange Beeline Loans issued Mr. Liuzza a demand promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $700,000, which accrues interest at the rate of 8% per annum and is payable within 15 days of demand notice made by Mr. Liuzza. The funds were lent to permit Beeline Loans to increase its ability to make real estate loans and are being held in a restricted account and are not being used for operations. In February 2025, the $700,000 was converted into $700,000 of units comprised of comprised of 1,372,549 shares of Series G and accompanying warrants to purchase a total of 68,628 shares of common stock.
In February and March 2025, Mr. Liuzza also advanced the Company $222,241, which the Company used for working capital and general corporate purposes. In exchange, the Company issued Mr. Liuzza a promissory note which bears interest at a rate of 8% per annum and is payable on demand.
From December 2024 through March 2025, Mr. Liuzza purchased a total of 7,641,488 shares of Series G (convertible into and 764,149 shares of common stock) and accompanying warrants to purchase 382,077 shares of common stock for a total purchase price of $3,897,159.
For information on an ongoing business relationship between TYTL, a related party entity controlled by Nicholas Liuzza, our principal stockholder and Chief Executive Officer see Note 24 – Related Party Transactions, in the footnotes to the financial statements contained in this Report. As of March 31, 2026, the Company advanced $98,000 to this related party entity and received payment of $300,000 related to its advance of $400,000 as of December 31, 2025. In addition, in January 2026, the Company entered into a Master Services Agreement with this related party entity to provide certain services during the year 2026 for an annual fee of $200,000.
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Other Related Parties
Beeline Loans partnered with CredEvolv on February 26, 2025 to help declined borrowers improve their credit and secure mortgage approval. Steve Romano is co-founder and President of CredEvolv. Beeline Financial engaged Mr. Romano to provide certain consulting services pursuant to an agreement dated July 29, 2024 to continue until terminated by written notice. As of December 31, 2025, the Company paid Mr. Romano $105,000. The Company ended its consulting relationship with Mr. Romano on December 1, 2025.
In December 2024, Joseph Freedman, a director, purchased a total of $121,593 of units comprised of a total of 238,418 shares of Series G (convertible into 23,842 shares of common stock) and 11,921 accompanying warrants on the same terms as all other investors in the Series G and accompanying warrants offering. Mr. Freedman’s subscription amount was used to repay the $121,593 of indebtedness owed to Mr. Freeman by Beeline. Mr. Freedman made a $75,000 loan to Beeline Financial on December 11, 2023, which was due February 11, 2024. The sums due above the principal represented default interest, fees and penalties. Mr. Liuzza guaranteed payment of the note issued to Mr. Freedman. On March 7, 2025, Mr. Freedman converted 534,201 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, 3,981 shares of Series F-1 Convertible Preferred Stock and 238,418 shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of the Company’s common stock.
Mr. Freedman and Chrisopher Moe, our Chief Financial Officer, are shareholders of TYTL.
To the extent required by Part III – Item 13 of Form 10-K, the disclosure set forth under Note 24 – Related Party Transactions at page F-42 in the footnotes to the financial statements contained in this Report is incorporated herein by reference.
Related Party Transactions Policy
Our Audit Committee, which consists of three independent directors must approve related party transactions. We believe that the foregoing transactions were in the best interests of the Company. Consistent with Section 78.140 of the Nevada Revised Statutes, it is our current policy that all transactions between us and our officers, directors and their affiliates will be entered into only if such transactions are approved by a majority of the disinterested directors, are approved by vote of the stockholders, or are fair to us as a corporation as of the time they are authorized, approved or ratified by the board. We will conduct an appropriate review of all related party transactions on an ongoing basis, and, where appropriate, we will utilize our audit committee for the review of potential conflicts of interest.
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees paid for or accrued by the Company or Beeline for audit and other services provided by Salberg & Company, P.A. for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
2025 ($) | 2024 (3)($) | |||||||
| Audit Fees (1) | 267,000 | 175,500 | ||||||
| Audit Related Fees (2) | 30,000 | 42,200 | ||||||
| Total | 297,000 | 217,700 | ||||||
| (1) | Audit Fees – these fees relate to the annual audits and quarterly reviews of our financial statements and registration statements as well as services that are normally provided by the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements. | |
| (2) | Audit Related Fees – these fees relate to audit related fees pertained to a subsidiary standalone audit required for mortgage licensing requirements in various states. | |
| (3) | Does not include fees totaling $102,002 paid to M&K CPAS, PLLC, the Company’s former independent registered public accounting firm, in 2024. |
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Item 15. EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX
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| + | Certain schedules, appendices and exhibits to this agreement have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished supplementally to the SEC Staff upon request. |
| # | Indicates management compensatory plan, contract or agreement. |
| (1) | Filed herein. |
| (2) | This exhibit is being furnished rather than filed and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing, in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K. |
| Copies of this report (including the financial statements) and any of the exhibits referred to above will be furnished at no cost to our stockholders who make a written request to our Corporate Secretary at Beeline Holdings, Inc., 188 Valley Street, Suite 225, Providence, RI 02909. |
Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES
In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant caused report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| BEELINE HOLDINGS, INC. | ||
| March 31, 2026 | By: | /s/ Nicholas R. Liuzza, Jr. |
| Nicholas R. Liuzza, Jr. | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| March 31, 2026 | By: | /s/ Christopher R. Moe |
| Christopher R. Moe | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | ||
| March 31, 2026 | By: | /s/ Tiffany Milton |
| Tiffany Milton | ||
| Chief Accounting Officer | ||
| (Principal Accounting Officer) |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.
| /s/ Nicholas R. Liuzza, Jr. | Director | March 31, 2026 | ||
| Nicholas R. Liuzza, Jr. | ||||
| /s/ Joseph Caltabiano | Director | March 31, 2026 | ||
| Joseph Caltabiano | ||||
| /s/ Eric Finnsson | Director | March 31, 2026 | ||
| Eric Finnsson | ||||
| /s/ Joseph Freedman | Director | March 31, 2026 | ||
| Joseph Freedman | ||||
| /s/ Stephen Romano | Director | March 31, 2026 | ||
| Stephen Romano | ||||
| /s/ Frank Knuettel II | Director | March 31, 2026 | ||
| Frank Knuettel II |
| 68 |