Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

We carry certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which we measure at the reporting date using the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., an exit price), and disclose the quality of these fair values based on the valuation inputs used in these measurements under the following hierarchy:

• Level 1: Fair value measured with unadjusted quoted prices from an active market for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2: Fair value measured either with: (1) adjusted quoted prices from an active market for similar assets or liabilities; or (2) other valuation inputs that are directly or indirectly observable.

• Level 3: Fair value measured with unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement.

We classify the fair value of an asset or liability based on the significance of its observable or unobservable inputs to the measurement. However, the fair value of an asset or liability initially reported as Level 3 will be subsequently reported as Level 2 if the unobservable inputs become inconsequential to its measurement or corroborating market data becomes available. Conversely, an asset or liability initially reported as Level 2 will be subsequently reported as Level 3 if corroborating market data becomes unavailable.

We used the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:

• Cash and cash equivalents—The carrying amount reported on our consolidated balance sheet approximates fair value.

• Accounts and notes receivable—The carrying amount reported on our consolidated balance sheet approximates fair value.

• Derivative instruments—We fair value our exchange-traded contracts based on quoted market prices obtained from the New York Mercantile Exchange, the Intercontinental Exchange or other exchanges, and classify them as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. When exchange-cleared contracts lack sufficient liquidity, or are valued using either adjusted exchange-provided prices or nonexchange quotes, we classify those contracts as Level 2.

Physical commodity forward purchase and sales contracts and over-the-counter (OTC) financial swaps are generally valued using forward quotes provided by brokers and price index developers, such as Platts and Oil Price Information Service. We corroborate these quotes with market data and classify the resulting fair values as Level 2. When forward market prices are not available, we estimate fair value using the forward price of a similar commodity, adjusted for the difference in quality or location. In certain less liquid markets or for longer-term contracts, forward prices are not as readily available. In these circumstances, physical commodity purchase and sales contracts and OTC swaps are valued using internally developed methodologies that consider historical relationships among various commodities that result in management’s best estimate of fair value. We classify these contracts as Level 3. Physical and OTC commodity options are valued using industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including quoted forward prices for commodities, time value, volatility factors and contractual prices for the underlying instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. The degree to which these inputs are observable in the forward markets determines whether the options are classified as Level 2 or 3. We use a midmarket pricing convention (the midpoint between bid and ask prices). When appropriate, valuations are adjusted to reflect credit considerations, generally based on available market evidence.

We determine the fair value of our interest rate swaps based on observable market valuations for interest rate swaps that have notional amounts, terms and pay and reset frequencies similar to ours.

• Rabbi trust assets—These deferred compensation investments are measured at fair value using unadjusted quoted prices available from national securities exchanges and are therefore categorized as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

• Debt—The carrying amount of our floating-rate debt approximates fair value. The fair value of our fixed-rate debt is estimated based on observable market prices.

The following tables display the fair value hierarchy for our financial assets and liabilities either accounted for or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis. These values are determined by treating each contract as the fundamental unit of account; therefore, derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty are shown on a gross basis in the hierarchy sections of these tables, before the effects of counterparty and collateral netting. The following tables also reflect the effect of netting derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty for which we have the legal right of offset and collateral netting.

The carrying values and fair values by hierarchy of our financial assets and liabilities, either carried or disclosed at fair value, including any effects of counterparty and collateral netting, were:

	Millions of Dollars
	March 31, 2020
	Fair Value Hierarchy				Total Fair Value of Gross Assets & Liabilities	Effect of Counterparty Netting		Effect of Collateral Netting		Difference in Carrying Value and Fair Value	Net Carrying Value Presented on the Balance Sheet
	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3
Commodity Derivative Assets
Exchange-cleared instruments	$	5,251	1,545	—	6,796	(6,179	)	(455	)	—	162
Physical forward contracts	—		40	—	40	—		—		—	40
Rabbi trust assets	116		—	—	116	N/A		N/A		—	116
	$	5,367	1,585	—	6,952	(6,179	)	(455	)	—	318
Commodity Derivative Liabilities
Exchange-cleared instruments	$	4,589	1,590	—	6,179	(6,179	)	—		—	—
OTC instruments	—		4	—	4	—		—		—	4
Physical forward contracts	—		32	—	32	—		—		—	32
Interest rate derivatives	—		8	—	8	—		—		—	8
Floating-rate debt	—		2,097	—	2,097	N/A		N/A		—	2,097
Fixed-rate debt, excluding finance leases	—		10,560	—	10,560	N/A		N/A		17	10,577
	$	4,589	14,291	—	18,880	(6,179	)	—		17	12,718

	Millions of Dollars
	December 31, 2019
	Fair Value Hierarchy				Total Fair Value of Gross Assets & Liabilities	Effect of Counterparty Netting		Effect of Collateral Netting		Difference in Carrying Value and Fair Value		Net Carrying Value Presented on the Balance Sheet
	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3
Commodity Derivative Assets
Exchange-cleared instruments	$	820	368	—	1,188	(1,188	)	—		—		—
Physical forward contracts	—		26	—	26	—		—		—		26
Interest rate derivatives	—		1	—	1	—		—		—		1
Rabbi trust assets	127		—	—	127	N/A		N/A		—		127
	$	947	395	—	1,342	(1,188	)	—		—		154
Commodity Derivative Liabilities
Exchange-cleared instruments	$	884	385	—	1,269	(1,188	)	(80	)	—		1
OTC instruments	—		1	—	1	—		—		—		1
Physical forward contracts	—		12	—	12	—		—		—		12
Floating-rate debt	—		1,100	—	1,100	N/A		N/A		—		1,100
Fixed-rate debt, excluding finance leases	—		11,813	—	11,813	N/A		N/A		(1,438	)	10,375
	$	884	13,311	—	14,195	(1,188	)	(80	)	(1,438	)	11,489

The rabbi trust assets are recorded in the “Investments and long-term receivables” line item and floating-rate and fixed-rate debt are recorded in the “Short-term debt” and “Long-term debt” line items on our consolidated balance sheet. See Note 12—Derivatives and Financial Instruments, for information regarding where the assets and liabilities related to our commodity and interest rate derivatives are recorded on our consolidated balance sheet.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

The nonrecurring fair value measurement used to record an impairment of our DCP Midstream investment was the fair value of our share of DCP Midstream’s limited partner interest in DCP Partners, which was estimated based on average market prices of DCP Partners common units for a 15-day trading period encompassing March 31, 2020. This valuation resulted in a Level 2 nonrecurring fair value measurement. See Note 5—Investments, Loans and Long-Term Receivables, for additional information on the impairment.

The carrying value of the Refining reporting unit’s goodwill was remeasured to fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the first quarter of 2020.  The fair value of the Refining reporting unit was calculated by weighting the results from the income approach and the market approach.  The income approach uses a discounted cash flow model that requires various observable and nonobservable inputs, such as prices, volumes, expenses, capital expenditures, discount rates and projected long‑term growth rates and terminal values. The market approach uses peer company enterprise values relative to current and future net income (loss) before net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) projections to arrive at an average multiple.  This multiple was applied to the reporting unit’s current and projected EBITDA, with consideration for an estimated market participant acquisition premium.  The resulting fair value Level 3 estimate was less than the Refining reporting unit’s carrying value by an amount that exceeded the existing goodwill balance of the reporting unit.  As a result, the Refining reporting unit’s goodwill was impaired to zero.  As part of our impairment analysis, the fair value of all reporting units was reconciled to the company’s market capitalization. See Note 7—Goodwill, for additional information on the goodwill impairment.