8. Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of loss before income taxes

	Year ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Domestic (U.S.)	$	(3,824,673	)	$	(5,889,926	)
Foreign (U.K.)		(3,379,268	)		2,398,830
Foreign (Germany)		(96,517	)		(104,036	)
Loss before income taxes	$	(7,300,458	)	$	(3,595,132	)

Reconciliation of income tax provision (benefit)

	Year ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Federal	$	(1,533,096	)	$	(1,222,345	)
State		(238,952	)		(303,315	)
Increase in tax losses not recognized		1,695,482			(359,833	)
Permanent differences, net		40,015			162,543
Foreign rate differential		124,294			(383,601	)
Share-based payments, net		20,441			(22,087	)
Changes per enacted tax reform		–			2,320,059
Enhanced research and development tax credits		(108,184	)		(191,421	)
Net provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	–		$	–

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

	Year ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Deferred tax assets:
U.K. net operating loss carryforwards	$	8,039,343		$	7,641,719
U.K. capital loss carryforwards		1,298,303			1,378,643
U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards		3,184,691			2,606,017
IPR&D		6,108,078			6,776,473
Share-based payments		1,859,357			1,527,615
Enhanced research and development tax credits		1,109,026			1,060,200
Germany net operating loss carryforwards		524,093			516,401
U.S. state net operating loss carryforwards		1,298,745			1,057,856
Accrued expenses		59,979			198,067
Depreciation		3,283			1,948
Other		–			–
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance		23,484,898			22,764,939
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets		(23,484,898	)		(22,764,939	)
Deferred tax liabilities:
Indefinite-lived intangible asset		(2,918,518	)		(2,918,518	)
Debt discount		–			–
Total deferred tax liabilities		(2,918,518	)		(2,918,518	)
Net deferred liability	$	(2,918,518	)	$	(2,918,518	)