Risk Management and Derivative Instruments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Risk Management and Derivative Instruments

Risk Management and Derivative Instruments

Note 5. Risk Management and Derivative Instruments

Derivative instruments are utilized to manage exposure to commodity price and interest rate fluctuations and to achieve a more predictable cash flow in connection with natural gas and oil sales and borrowing related activities. These instruments limit exposure to declines in prices but also limit the benefits that would be realized if prices increase.

Certain inherent business risks are associated with commodity derivative contracts, including market risk and credit risk. Market risk is the risk that the price of natural gas or oil will change, either favorably or unfavorably, in response to changing market conditions. Credit risk is the risk of loss from nonperformance by the counterparty to a contract. It is the Company’s policy to enter into derivative contracts only with creditworthy counterparties, which generally are financial institutions, deemed by management as competent and competitive market makers. Some of the lenders, or certain of their affiliates, under the Company’s current credit agreements are counterparties to its derivative contracts. While collateral is generally not required to be posted by counterparties, credit risk associated with derivative instruments is minimized by limiting exposure to any single counterparty and entering into derivative instruments only with creditworthy counterparties that are generally large financial institutions. Additionally, master netting agreements are used to mitigate risk of loss due to default with counterparties on derivative instruments. The Company has also entered into International Swaps and Derivatives Association Master Agreements (“ISDA Agreements”) with each of its counterparties. The terms of the ISDA Agreements provide the Company and each of its counterparties with rights of set-off upon the occurrence of defined acts of default by either the Company or its counterparty to a derivative, whereby the party not in default may set-off all liabilities owed to the defaulting party against all net derivative asset receivables from the defaulting party. See Note 7 for additional information regarding the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below).

Commodity Derivatives

The Company may use a combination of commodity derivatives (e.g., floating-for-fixed swaps, put options, costless collars and three-way collars) to manage exposure to commodity price volatility. The Company recognizes all derivative instruments at fair value.

The Company enters into natural gas derivative contracts that are indexed to NYMEX-Henry Hub. The Company also enters into oil derivative contracts indexed to NYMEX-WTI.

At June 30, 2023, the Company had the following open commodity positions:

	2023		2024
Natural Gas Derivative Contracts:
Collar contracts:
Two-way collars
Average monthly volume (MMBtu)		1,343,333		220,833
Weighted-average floor price	$	3.49	$	3.31
Weighted-average ceiling price	$	5.76	$	4.73
Crude Oil Derivative Contracts:
Fixed price swap contracts:
Average monthly volume (Bbls)		55,000		8,333
Weighted-average fixed price	$	57.33	$	70.00
Collar contracts:
Two-way collars
Average monthly volume (Bbls)		15,000		—
Weighted-average floor price	$	65.00	$	—
Weighted-average ceiling price	$	76.16	$	—
Three-way collars
Average monthly volume (Bbls)		50,000		—
Weighted-average ceiling price	$	74.54	$	—
Weighted-average floor price	$	58.00	$	—
Weighted-average sub-floor price	$	43.00	$	—

Balance Sheet Presentation

The following table summarizes both: (i) the gross fair value of derivative instruments by the appropriate balance sheet classification even when the derivative instruments are subject to netting arrangements and qualify for net presentation in the balance sheet and (ii) the net recorded fair value as reflected on the balance sheet at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There was no cash collateral received or pledged associated with the Company’s derivative instruments since most of its counterparties, or certain of its affiliates, to its derivative contracts are lenders under its Revolving Credit Facility.

		Asset		Liability		Asset		Liability
		Derivatives		Derivatives		Derivatives		Derivatives
		June 30,		June 30,		December 31,		December 31,
Type	Balance Sheet Location	2023		2023		2022		2022
		(In thousands)
Commodity contracts	Short-term derivative instruments	$	6,847	$	7,582	$	6,257	$	27,141
Interest rate swaps	Short-term derivative instruments		—		—		—		—
Gross fair value			6,847		7,582		6,257		27,141
Netting arrangements			(6,847)		(6,847)		(6,257)		(6,257)
Net recorded fair value	Short-term derivative instruments	$	—	$	735	$	—	$	20,884
Commodity contracts	Long-term derivative instruments	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps	Long-term derivative instruments		—		—		—		—
Gross fair value			—		—		—		—
Netting arrangements			—		—		—		—
Net recorded fair value	Long-term derivative instruments	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Loss (Gain) on Derivative Instruments

The Company does not designate derivative instruments as hedging instruments for accounting and financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, all gains and losses, including changes in the derivative instruments’ fair values, have been recorded in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income. The following table details the gains and losses related to derivative instruments for the periods indicated (in thousands):

		For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended
	Statements of	June 30,				June 30,
	Operations Location	2023		2022		2023		2022
Commodity derivative contracts	Loss (gain) on commodity derivatives	$	(3,798)	$	18,571	$	(18,957)	$	111,975
(Gain) loss on interest rate derivatives	Interest expense, net		—		(286)		—		(843)