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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Major components of tax expense (income) [abstract]  
Summary of income tax recovery (expense)
The major components of income tax recovery (expense) for the year ended December 31 are as follows:
(MILLIONS)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Income tax recovery (expense) applicable to:
 
 
 
 
 
Current taxes
 
 
 
 
 
Attributed to the current period
$
(65
)
 
$
(30
)
 
$
(39
)
Deferred taxes
 
 
 
 
 
Income taxes -  origination and reversal of temporary differences
26

 
2

 
8

Relating to change in tax rates / imposition of new tax laws
1

 
95

 
(42
)
Relating to unrecognized temporary differences and tax losses
(13
)
 
(8
)
 
(15
)
 
14

 
89

 
(49
)
Total income tax recovery (expense)
$
(51
)
 
$
59

 
$
(88
)
Summary of deferred income tax recovery (expense)
The major components of deferred income tax recovery (expense) for the year ended December 31 recorded directly to OCI are as follows:
(MILLIONS)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Deferred income taxes attributed to:
 
 
 
 
 
Financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges
$
—

 
$
(2
)
 
$
(4
)
Other
2

 
(20
)
 
15

Revaluation surplus
 
 
 
 
 
Origination and reversal of temporary differences
(356
)
 
(1,117
)
 
(248
)
Relating to changes in tax rates / imposition of new tax laws
(59
)
 
54

 
586

 
$
(413
)
 
$
(1,085
)
 
$
349
Summary of Brookfield Renewables effective income tax (expense) recovery
Brookfield Renewable’s effective income tax (expense) recovery for the year ended December 31 is different from its recovery at its statutory income tax rate due to the differences below:
(MILLIONS)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

Statutory income tax (expense) recovery(1)
$
(94
)
 
$
(100
)
 
$
(50
)
Reduction (increase) resulting from:
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in tax assets not recognized
(17
)
 
(8
)
 
(15
)
Differences between statutory rate and future tax rate
1

 
95

 
(37
)
Subsidiaries' income taxed at different rates
55

 
75

 
14

Other
4

 
(3
)
 
—

Effective income tax recovery (expense)
$
(51
)
 
$
59

 
$
(88
)
(1) 
Statutory income tax expense is calculated using domestic rates applicable to the profits in the relevant country.
Summary of the expiry date, if applicable, of the unrecognized deferred tax assets
The following table details the expiry date, if applicable, of the unrecognized deferred tax assets as at December 31:
(MILLIONS)
2019

 
2018

 
2017

2020 to 2023
$
3

 
$
3

 
$
8

2024 and thereafter
102

 
85

 
108

 
$
105

 
$
88

 
$
116
Summary of deferred tax assets and liabilities
The deferred tax assets and liabilities of the following temporary differences have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31:
(MILLIONS)
Non-capital
losses

 
Difference
between tax and
carrying value

 
Net deferred
tax (liabilities)
assets

As at January 1, 2017
$
499

 
$
(4,151
)
 
$
(3,652
)
Recognized in Net income (loss)
(97
)
 
48

 
(49
)
Recognized in equity
13

 
341

 
354

Business combination
79

 
(63
)
 
16

Foreign exchange
14

 
(94
)
 
(80
)
As at December 31, 2017
508

 
(3,919
)
 
(3,411
)
Recognized in Net income (loss)
(60
)
 
149

 
89

Recognized in equity
1

 
(985
)
 
(984
)
Business combination
—

 
73

 
73

Foreign exchange
(20
)
 
204

 
184

As at December 31, 2018
429

 
(4,478
)
 
(4,049
)
Recognized in Net income (loss)
8

 
6

 
14

Recognized in equity
11

 
(384
)
 
(373
)
Business combination
7

 
23

 
30

Foreign exchange
9

 
(52
)
 
(43
)
As at December 31, 2019
$
464

 
$
(4,885
)
 
$
(4,421
)