Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

In determining quarterly provisions for income taxes, the Company uses the annual estimated effective tax rate applied to the actual year-to-date income or loss, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. The Company’s annual estimated effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily as a result of a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets, stock-based compensation, state taxes, nondeductible executive compensation and other permanent differences.

The Company has evaluated the available positive and negative evidence supporting the realization of its gross deferred tax assets, including cumulative losses, and the amount and timing of future taxable income, and has determined it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against the U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets as of each balance sheet date presented. However, given the Company's recent profitability, the Company believes that there is a reasonable possibility that, in the near term, sufficient positive evidence may become available that supports the release of a portion of the Company's valuation allowance, which would result in the recognition of certain U.S. deferred tax assets and a decrease to income tax expense for the period in which the release is recorded. The exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release if any would be subject to change based on the level of profitability that the Company can achieve.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company has not recorded any uncertain tax positions and has not recognized interest or penalties in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

On July 4, 2025, the 2025 budget reconciliation bill, officially known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025 (the “Act”), was enacted into law. The Act includes a broad range of tax reforms such as deductions for domestic research and development expenditures and federal bonus depreciation. The Company has evaluated the provisions of the Act and determined that, because it maintains a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, the Act does not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or effective tax rate.