We had no material financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had $418 million and $319 million of cash and cash equivalents, which consisted of bank deposits, and were available on demand. We had no outstanding investments classified as either short-term or long-term marketable securities, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and no material realized gains or losses related to the sales of any marketable securities during and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

We generally classify any existing cash equivalents and marketable securities within Level 1 and Level 2 as we value these financial instruments using quoted market prices (Level 1) or alternative pricing sources (Level 2). The valuation technique we use to measure the fair value of money market funds is derived from quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Fair values for Level 2 investments are considered “Level 2” valuations because they are obtained from independent pricing sources for identical or comparable instruments, rather than direct observations of quoted prices in active markets. Our procedures include controls to ensure that appropriate fair values are recorded, including comparing the fair values obtained from our independent pricing services against fair values obtained from another independent source.

We generally use forward contracts to reduce the effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on our cash flows primarily for the Euro versus the U.S. Dollar. For the periods ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, our forward contracts have not been designated as hedges and generally had maturities of less than 90 days. Our outstanding or unsettled forward contracts were carried at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019. We measure the fair value of our outstanding or unsettled derivatives using Level 2 fair value inputs, as we use a pricing model that takes into account the contract terms as well as current foreign currency exchange rates in active markets. We recognize any gain or loss resulting from the change in fair value of our forward contracts in other income (expense), net on our consolidated statement of operations. We recorded a net gain of $1 million for both the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and a net loss of $3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, related to our forward contracts.

The following table shows the net notional principal amounts of our outstanding derivative instruments for the periods presented:

	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in millions)
Foreign currency exchange-forward contracts (1)(2)	$	3	$	10

(1)	Derivative contracts address foreign currency exchange fluctuations for the Euro versus the U.S. dollar. These outstanding derivatives are not designated as hedging instruments and have an original maturity period of 90 days or less.

(2)	The fair value of our outstanding derivatives as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, was not material. The notional amount of a forward contract is the contracted amount of foreign currency to be exchanged and is not recorded on the balance sheet.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis including accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and deferred merchant bookings, were carried at cost on our consolidated balance sheets, which approximates their fair values because of the short-term nature of these items. Accounts receivable and contract assets, on our consolidated balance sheets, as well as certain

other financial assets, were measured at amortized cost and are carried at cost less an allowance for expected credit losses to present the net amount expected to be collected.

As of December 31, 2020, we estimated the fair value of our outstanding Senior Notes to be approximately $542 million and was considered a Level 2 fair value measurement. The estimated fair value of the Senior Notes was based on recently reported market transactions and prices for identical or similar financial instruments obtained from a third-party pricing source. The carrying value of the Senior Notes was $491 million, net of $9 million in unamortized debt issuance costs, and classified as long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020. Refer to “Note 10: Debt” for additional information on our Senior Notes.

The Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 unobservable inputs at both December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

In November 2019, the Company and Ctrip Investment Holding Ltd, a majority-owned subsidiary of Trip.com Group Limited, entered into an agreement to combine certain assets in China through the creation of a new entity, Chelsea Investment Holding Company PTE, Ltd. Tripadvisor contributed a portion of its business in China, including a long-term exclusive brand and content license and other assets, in return for a 40% equity investment in Chelsea Investment Holding Company PTE Ltd. This investment resulted in the Company recording an initial equity method investment of $41 million and a $39 million deferred income liability attributable to the brand and content license in the fourth quarter of 2019. The Company expects to earn the deferred income ratably over a 15-year period, congruent with the initial term of the brand and content license, and recorded in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statement of operations.

The Company accounts for this minority investment under the equity method, given it has the ability to exercise significant influence over, but not control, the investee. The carrying value of this minority investment was $38 million and $41 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and is included in non-marketable investments on our consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized $3 million and $1 million, respectively, representing our share of the investee’s net loss in other income (expenses), net within the consolidated statements of operations. The Company evaluates this investment for impairment when factors indicate that a decline in the value of its investment has occurred and the carrying amount of its investment may not be recoverable. An impairment loss, based on the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the investment based on Level 3 inputs, is recognized in earnings when an impairment is deemed to be other than temporary. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we performed a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether this equity investment is impaired as of December 31, 2020. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, we did not record any impairment loss on this equity investment. The deferred income liability is presented in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet of $3 million and $33 million, respectively as of December 31, 2020.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered into various commercial agreements with Chelsea Investment Holding Company PTE Ltd. and/or its subsidiaries. Transactions under these agreements with the equity method investee are considered related-party transactions, and were not material for the year ended December 31, 2020.

We also hold minority investments in equity securities of other privately-held companies, which are typically at an early stage of development and do not have a readily determinable fair value. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the total carrying value of these investments was $2 million and $14 million, respectively, and included in non-marketable investments on our consolidated balance sheet. In June 2020, the Company redeemed an existing

equity investment in one of these privately-held companies with a carrying value of $10 million in return for a collateralized note receivable for the same amount. Refer to section entitled “Other Long-Term Assets” below for additional information.

Our policy is to measure these equity investments at cost less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer such observable price changes may include instances where the investee issues equity securities to new investors, thus creating a new indicator of fair value, as an example. On a quarterly basis, we perform a qualitative assessment considering impairment indicators, if any, to evaluate whether these investments are impaired and also monitor for any observable price changes. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, we did not record any impairment loss on these equity investments or note any observable price change indicators.

In June 2020, the Company was issued collateralized notes (the “Notes Receivable”) with a total principal amount of $20 million from a privately-held company, in exchange for an existing equity investment held in the investee by the Company, and other-long term receivables, net, which the Company held due from the same investee. Refer to the section entitled “Other Equity Investments” above for further information. The Company has classified the Notes Receivable as held-to-maturity, as the Company has concluded it has the positive intent and ability to hold the Notes Receivable until maturity, with 50% due in 5 years and remaining 50% due in 10 years from issuance date. The Company recorded a $3 million allowance for credit loss under ASC 326 during the year ended December 31, 2020, respectively, in other income (expense), net on the consolidated statement of operations, related to the Notes Receivable. As of December 31, 2020, the carrying value of the Notes Receivable was $14 million, net of accumulated allowance for credit losses, and is classified in other long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheet at amortized cost. On a quarterly basis, we perform a qualitative assessment considering impairment indicators to evaluate whether the Notes Receivable are impaired and monitor for changes to our allowance for credit losses.

Other non-financial assets, such as property and equipment, goodwill, intangible assets, and operating lease right-of-use assets are adjusted to fair value when an impairment charge is recognized or the underlying investment is sold. Such fair value measurements are based predominately on Level 3 inputs. Refer to “Note 6: Property and Equipment, Net”, “Note 7: Leases” and “Note 8: Goodwill and Intangibles, Net” for additional information regarding those assets.