7. Stock Awards

Stock Awards

Our Equity Incentive Plan authorizes the issuance of common stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, deferred stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance units and awards of interests in our Operating Partnership. Our Equity Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. We have reserved 8,196,770 shares of common stock for awards under the Equity Incentive Plan and 5,265,916 shares remain available for future stock awards as of December 31, 2016. The Equity Incentive Plan contains a limit of 5,000,000 shares as the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be awarded to an individual in any fiscal year. Awards under the Equity Incentive Plan are subject to forfeiture due to termination of employment prior to vesting. In the event of a change in control, outstanding and unvested options will immediately vest, unless otherwise provided in the participant’s award or employment agreement, and restricted stock, restricted stock units, deferred stock units and other stock-based awards will vest if so provided in the participant’s award agreement. The term of the awards is set by the Compensation Committee, though Incentive Stock Options may not have terms of more than ten years. Forfeited awards are returned to the Equity Incentive Plan and are then available to be re-issued as future awards. For each share of common stock issued by Medical Properties Trust, Inc. pursuant to its Equity Incentive Plan, the Operating Partnership issues a corresponding number of Operating Partnership units.

The following awards have been granted pursuant to our Equity Incentive Plan (and its predecessor plan):

Restricted Equity Awards

These stock-based awards are in the form of service-based awards and performance awards based on certain market conditions. The service-based awards vest as the employee provides the required service (typically three to five years). Service based awards are valued at the average price per share of common stock on the date of grant. In 2016, 2015, and 2014, the Compensation Committee granted performance — based awards to employees which vest based on us achieving certain total shareholder returns or comparisons of our total shareholder returns to peer total return indices. Generally, dividends are not paid on performance awards until the award is earned. See below for details of such performance award grants:

2016 performance awards — The 2016 performance awards were granted in two parts:

One-half of the 2016 performance awards were based on us achieving a cumulative total shareholder return from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. The minimum total shareholder return needed to earn a portion of this award is 27.0% with 100% of the award earned if our total shareholder return reaches 35.0%. If any shares are earned from this award, the shares will vest in equal annual amounts on January 1, 2019, 2020, and 2021. The fair value of this award was estimated on the dates of grant using a Monte Carlo valuation model that assumed the following: risk free interest rates of 1.0%; expected volatility of 24.4%; expected dividend yield of 7.0%; and expected service period of 5 years.

The remainder of the 2016 performance awards will be earned if our total shareholder return outpaces that of the MSCI U.S. REIT Index (“Index”) over the cumulative period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Our total shareholder return must be within 3% of the Index to earn the minimum number of shares under this award, while it must exceed the Index by 3% to earn 100% of the award. If any shares are earned from this award, the shares will vest in equal annual amounts on January 1, 2019, 2020, and 2021. The fair value of this award was estimated on the dates of grant using a Monte Carlo valuation model that assumed the following: risk free interest rate of 1.0%; expected volatility of 24.4%; expected dividend yield of 7.0%; and expected service period of 5 years.

No 2016 performance awards were earned and vested in 2016, and 2,400 performance awards were forfeited in 2016. At December 31, 2016, we have 797,404 of 2016 performance awards remaining to be earned.

2015 performance awards — The 2015 performance awards were granted in three parts:

Approximately 40% of the 2015 performance awards were based on us achieving a simple 9.0% annual total shareholder return. For the three-year period from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2017, one-third of the awards will be earned annually (until the award is fully earned) if a 9.0% total shareholder return is achieved. If total shareholder return does not reach 9.0% in a particular year, shares for that year can be earned in a future period (during the three-year period) if the cumulative total shareholder return is equal to or greater than a 9.0% annual return for such cumulative period. The fair value of this award was estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo valuation model that assumed the following: risk free interest rate of 1.1%; expected volatility of 20%; expected dividend yield of 7.2%; and expected service period of 3 years.

Approximately 30% of the 2015 performance awards were based on us achieving a cumulative total shareholder return from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. The minimum total shareholder return needed to earn a portion of this award is 27.0% with 100% of the award earned if our total shareholder return reaches 35.0%. If any shares are earned from this award, the shares will vest in equal annual amounts on December 31, 2017, 2018, and 2019. The fair value of this award was estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo valuation model that assumed the following: risk free interest rate of 1.1%; expected volatility of 20%; expected dividend yield of 7.2%; and expected service period of 5 years.

The remainder of the 2015 performance awards will be earned if our total shareholder return outpaces the Index over the cumulative period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. Our total shareholder return must exceed that of the Index to earn the minimum number of shares under this award, while it must exceed the Index by 6% to earn 100% of the award. If any shares are earned from this award, the shares will vest in equal annual amounts on December 31, 2017, 2018, and 2019. The fair value of this award was estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo valuation model that assumed the following: risk free interest rate of 1.1%; expected volatility of 20%; expected dividend yield of 7.2%; and expected service period of 5 years.

In 2016, 98,526 shares were earned and vested, and 66,792 performance awards were forfeited in 2016. No 2015 performance awards were earned and vested in 2015, and 4,500 performance awards were forfeited in 2015. At December 31, 2016, we have 702,070 of 2015 performance awards remaining to be earned.

2014 performance awards — The 2014 performance awards were granted in three parts:

Approximately 40% of the 2014 performance awards were based on us achieving a simple 9.0% annual total shareholder return. For the five-year period from January 1, 2014 through December 31, 2018, one-third of the awards will be earned annually (until the award is fully earned) if a 9.0% total shareholder return is achieved. If total shareholder return does not reach 9.0% in a particular year, shares for that year can be earned in a future period (during the five-year period) if the cumulative total shareholder return is equal to or greater than a 9.0% annual return for such cumulative period. The fair value of this award was estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo valuation model that assumed the following: risk free interest rate of 1.7%; expected volatility of 27%; expected dividend yield of 8.0%; and expected service period of 3 years.

Approximately 30% of the 2014 performance awards were based on us achieving a cumulative total shareholder return from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016. The minimum total shareholder return needed to earn a portion of this award is 27.0% with 100% of the award earned if our total shareholder return reaches 35.0%. If any shares are earned from this award, the shares will vest in equal annual amounts on December 31, 2016, 2017, and 2018. The fair value of this award was estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo valuation model that assumed the following: risk free interest rate of 0.8%; expected volatility of 27%; expected dividend yield of 8.0%; and expected service period of 5 years.

The remainder of the 2014 performance awards were to be earned if our total shareholder return outpaced that of the Index over the cumulative period from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016. Our total shareholder return must exceed that of the Index to earn the minimum number of shares under this award, while it must exceed the Index by 6% to earn 100% of the award. If any shares are earned from this award, the shares will vest in equal annual amounts on December 31, 2016, 2017, and 2018. The fair value of this award was estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo valuation model that assumed the following: risk free interest rate of 0.8%; expected volatility of 27%; expected dividend yield of 8.0%; and expected service period of 5 years.

In 2014 and 2016, 108,261 and 99,959 shares were earned and vested under the 2014 performance awards, respectively. No such awards were earned and vested in 2015. In 2016, 500,000 shares, which related to the latter two parts of the award as described above, were forfeited as the three-year cumulative total shareholder return hurdles from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 were not met. An additional 72,003 performance shares were forfeited prior to the measurement date in 2016. At December 31, 2016, we have 99,935 of 2014 performance awards remaining to be earned.

The following summarizes restricted equity award activity in 2016 and 2015 (which includes awards granted in 2016, 2015, 2014, and any applicable prior years), respectively:

For the Year Ended December 31, 2016:


	Vesting Based on Service					Vesting Based on Market/ Performance Conditions
	Shares			Weighted Average Value at Award Date		Shares			Weighted Average Value at Award Date
Nonvested awards at beginning of the year		509,634		$	13.25		2,331,152		$	6.38
Awarded		254,574		$	13.07		799,804		$	7.30
Vested		(349,356	)	$	13.07		(671,983	)	$	6.50
Forfeited		(67,724	)	$	13.06		(647,298	)	$	6.28

Nonvested awards at end of year		347,128		$	13.35		1,811,675		$	6.78

For the Year Ended December 31, 2015:


	Vesting Based on Service					Vesting Based on Market/Performance Conditions
	Shares			Weighted Average Value at Award Date		Shares			Weighted Average Value at Award Date
Nonvested awards at beginning of the year		452,263		$	12.11		2,428,518		$	5.81
Awarded		407,969		$	13.94		871,888		$	6.62
Vested		(343,904	)	$	12.56		(406,970	)	$	4.94
Forfeited		(6,694	)	$	13.08		(562,284	)	$	5.33

Nonvested awards at end of year		509,634		$	13.25		2,331,152		$	6.38

The value of stock-based awards is charged to compensation expense over the vesting periods. In the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, we recorded $7.9 million, $11.1 million, and $9.2 million, respectively, of non-cash compensation expense. The remaining unrecognized cost from restricted equity awards at December 31, 2016, is $12.4 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.78 years. Restricted equity awards that vested in 2016, 2015, and 2014 had a value of $12.7 million, $10.2 million, and $10.2 million, respectively.