Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

The Company provides for income taxes at the end of each interim period based on the estimated effective tax rate for the full year, adjusted for any discrete events which are recorded in the period they occur. Cumulative adjustments to the tax provision are recorded in the interim period in which a change in the estimated annual effective tax rate is determined. The Company’s income tax expense is presented below:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	(1,076)	$	501	$	1,425	$	5,014

The Company regularly assesses its ability to realize its deferred tax assets. Assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets requires significant management judgment. In determining whether its deferred tax assets are more-likely-than-not realizable, the Company evaluated all available positive and negative evidence, and weighed the objective evidence and expected impact. The Company has recorded valuation allowances of $3.2 million against the net deferred tax assets of certain foreign subsidiaries, as well as a valuation allowance of $0.7 million against net U.S. deferred tax assets due to the potential expiration of certain tax losses and state tax credits prior to utilization.

In connection with the Company’s acquisition of the medical imaging business from Bristol-Myers Squibb (“BMS”) in 2008, the Company recorded a liability for uncertain tax positions related to the acquired business and simultaneously entered into a tax indemnification agreement with BMS under which BMS agreed to indemnify the Company for any payments made to settle those uncertain tax positions with the taxing authorities. Accordingly, a long-term receivable is recorded to account for the expected value to the Company of future indemnification payments, net of actual tax benefits received, to be paid on behalf of the Company by BMS. The tax indemnification receivable is recorded within other long-term assets.

In accordance with the Company’s accounting policy, the change in the tax liability, penalties and interest associated with these obligations (net of any offsetting federal or state benefit) is recognized within income tax expense. As these reserves change, adjustments are included in income tax expense while the offsetting adjustment is included in other income. Assuming that the receivable from BMS continues to be considered recoverable by the Company, there will be no effect on net income and no net cash outflows related to these liabilities.

On June 19, 2020, the Company acquired the stock of Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in a transaction that is expected to qualify as a tax-deferred reorganization under Section 368 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The transaction resulted in an ownership change of Progenics under Section 382 and a limitation on the utilization of Progenics’ pre-transaction tax attributes. All of Progenics’ pre-transaction research credits and Orphan drug credits have been removed from the balance sheet, and the gross carrying value of the tax loss carryforwards reduced to their realizable value on the opening balance sheet, in accordance with the Section 382 limitation. Deferred tax liabilities arising from the purchase accounting basis step-up in identified intangibles were also recorded as part of the purchase accounting, resulting in a small net overall deferred tax liability for Progenics after the application of purchase accounting.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

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