During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded product sales, net, as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018		2017
VIVITROL	$	335,365	$	302,609	$	269,321
ARISTADA/ARISTADA INITIO		189,134		147,725		93,513
Total product sales, net	$	524,499	$	450,334	$	362,834

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded manufacturing and royalty revenues from its collaboration arrangements as follows:

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
(In thousands)	Manufacturing Revenue		Royalty Revenue		Total
INVEGA SUSTENNA/XEPLION & INVEGA TRINZA/TREVICTA	$	—	$	256,947	$	256,947
RISPERDAL CONSTA		50,433		15,950		66,383
AMPYRA/FAMPYRA		22,071		15,170		37,241
Other		31,750		55,561		87,311
	$	104,254	$	343,628	$	447,882

	Year Ended December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Manufacturing Revenue		Royalty Revenue		Total
INVEGA SUSTENNA/XEPLION & INVEGA TRINZA/TREVICTA	$	—	$	241,423	$	241,423
RISPERDAL CONSTA		52,770		18,352		71,122
AMPYRA/FAMPYRA		53,044		54,009		107,053
Other		27,214		79,863		107,077
	$	133,028	$	393,647	$	526,675

	Year Ended December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Manufacturing Revenue		Royalty Revenue		Total
INVEGA SUSTENNA/XEPLION & INVEGA TRINZA/TREVICTA	$	—	$	214,931	$	214,931
RISPERDAL CONSTA		64,793		20,129		84,922
AMPYRA/FAMPYRA		55,373		61,646		117,019
Other		32,655		55,781		88,436
	$	152,821	$	352,487	$	505,308

The research and development revenue and license revenue recorded during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 primarily related to revenue earned under the Company’s license and collaboration agreement with Biogen for VUMERITY.

Under a license and collaboration agreement with Biogen, which the Company entered into in November 2017 and amended in October 2018, January 2019 and October 2019, the Company granted Biogen a worldwide, exclusive, sublicensable license to develop, manufacture and commercialize VUMERITY and other products covered by patents licensed to Biogen under the agreement. Upon entering into the November 2017 license and collaboration agreement, the Company received an up-front cash payment of $28.0 million and was also eligible to receive additional payments upon achievement of developmental milestones with respect to VUMERITY. In June 2018, the Company received an additional cash payment of $50.0 million following Biogen’s review of preliminary gastrointestinal tolerability data from the clinical development program for VUMERITY. In November 2019, the Company also received an additional payment of $150.0 million following FDA approval of the NDA for VUMERITY and transfer of such NDA to Biogen. The Company is also eligible to receive additional payments upon achievement of developmental milestones with respect to the first two products other than VUMERITY covered by patents licensed to Biogen under the November 2017 license and collaboration agreement. Biogen paid a portion of the VUMERITY development costs the Company incurred in 2017 and, since January 1, 2018, Biogen has been responsible for all VUMERITY development costs the Company incurs, subject to annual budget limitations. Following FDA approval of the NDA for VUMERITY in October 2019, the NDA and any further development responsibilities with respect to VUMERITY were transferred to Biogen.

The Company evaluated the license and collaboration agreement under Topic 606 and determined that it had four deliverables: (i) the grant of a distinct, right-to-use license of IP to Biogen; (ii) future development services; (iii) clinical supply; and (iv) participation on a joint steering committee with Biogen. The Company’s participation on the joint steering committee was considered to be perfunctory and thus not recognized as a performance obligation. The deliverables, aside from the participation in the joint steering committee which was considered to be perfunctory, were determined to be separate performance obligations as the license is separately identifiable from the development services and clinical supply, and the development services are not expected to significantly modify or customize the IP.

The Company allocated the arrangement consideration to each performance obligation using the standalone selling prices based on its estimate of selling price for the license and other deliverables. The Company used a discounted cash flow model to estimate the standalone selling price of the license in order to allocate the consideration to the performance obligations. To estimate the standalone selling price of the license, the Company assessed the likelihood of the FDA’s approval of VUMERITY and estimated the expected future cash flows assuming FDA approval and maintenance of the IP protecting VUMERITY. The Company then discounted these cash flows using a discount rate of 8.0%, which it believes captures a market participant’s view of the risk associated with the expected cash flows. The estimate of selling price of the development services and clinical supply were determined through third-party evidence. The Company believes that a change in the assumptions used to determine its estimate of selling price for the license most likely would not have a significant effect on the allocation of consideration transferred.

Under Topic 606, the Company allocated the $28.0 million up-front payment and the $50.0 million June 2018 payments as follows: $27.0 million and $48.3 million to the delivery of the license; $0.9 million and $1.5 million to future development services; and $0.1 million and $0.2 million to clinical supply, respectively.

In November 2019, following FDA acceptance of the NDA for VUMERITY and transfer of such NDA to Biogen, the Company received a $150.0 million milestone payment, $144.8 million of which was allocated to the delivery of the license; and $5.2 million of which was allocated to future development services and clinical supply. The amounts allocated to the license were recognized upon receipt of the payments as delivery of the license occurred upon entry into the agreement in 2017. The amounts allocated to the development services and clinical supply will be recognized over the course of the development work and as clinical supply is delivered to Biogen, which is expected to continue into 2020. The Company expects to earn an additional $0.3 million in research and development revenue under this agreement with Biogen through 2020.

In addition, the Company will receive a 15% royalty on worldwide net sales of VUMERITY, subject to, under certain circumstances, minimum annual payments for the first five years following FDA approval of VUMERITY. The Company is also entitled to receive royalties on net sales of products other than VUMERITY covered by patents licensed to Biogen under the license and collaboration agreement, at tiered royalty rates calculated as percentages of net sales ranging from high-single digits to sub-teen double digits. All royalties are payable on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis until the later of (i) the last-to-expire patent right covering the applicable product in the applicable country and (ii) a specified period of time from the first commercial sale of the applicable product in the applicable country. Royalties for all products and the minimum annual payments for VUMERITY are subject to customary reductions, as set forth in the license and collaboration agreement.

The Company determined that the future development milestones and sales-based royalties that it may be entitled to receive are variable consideration. The Company is using the most likely amount method for estimating the variable consideration to be received related to the milestones under this arrangement. The royalties are subject to the sales-based exception and will be recorded when the corresponding sale occurs.

Under the license and collaboration agreement, Biogen appointed the Company as the toll manufacturer of clinical and commercial supplies of VUMERITY, subject to Biogen’s right to manufacture or have manufactured commercial supplies as a back-up manufacturer and subject to good faith agreement by the parties on the terms of such manufacturing arrangements. In October 2019, the Company entered into a commercial supply agreement with Biogen for the commercial supply of VUMERITY, an amendment to such commercial supply agreement and an amendment to the November 2017 license and collaboration agreement with Biogen. Under these agreements, Biogen has an option to assume responsibility, subject to a transition period, for the manufacture (itself or through a designee) of clinical supplies of VUMERITY and up to 100% of commercial supplies of VUMERITY in exchange for an increase in the royalty rate to be paid by Biogen to the Company on net sales of product that is manufactured by Biogen or its designee. The Company evaluated the commercial supply agreement and the related amendments under Topic 606 and determined that these agreements should be combined and accounted for as a separate contract since the commercial supply agreement and amendment to the November 2017 license and collaboration agreement were negotiated together to achieve a common economic objective and the additional performance obligations under the commercial supply agreement are considered distinct obligations priced at their standalone selling prices. The Company determined that it had two separate performance obligations, the commercial supply of VUMERITY and, upon an election by Biogen to commence a transfer of technology relating to the manufacture of

VUMERITY (a “Tech Transfer”), services to be performed by the Company in connection with such Tech Transfer. There are other deliverables under the agreements that were determined to be perfunctory or immaterial.

In connection with the entry into the commercial supply agreement and the related amendments, the Company received payments in the aggregate amount of $5.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2019 and, if Biogen opts to assume responsibility for the manufacture of VUMERITY, the Company will be eligible to receive an additional $5.0 million payment upon the earlier of successful completion of the Tech Transfer or a date in the fourth quarter of 2022. The $5.8 million received in the fourth quarter of 2019 plus amounts received in connection with the Tech Transfer, if any, will be allocated to each of the performance obligations using the standalone selling prices based on the Company’s estimate of selling price for the commercial supply of VUMERITY and the services related to the Tech Transfer, and this additional arrangement consideration will be recognized as the Company delivers commercial supply of VUMERITY and/or provides services relating to the Tech Transfer. The Company expects to begin performing under this commercial supply agreement in the first quarter of 2020.