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Note 6 - Commitments and Contingencies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2015
Notes to Financial Statements  
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]
6.
       
Commitments and
Contingencies
 
Legal Matters
 
Other than the matters that we have disclosed below, we from time to time become involved in various ordinary course legal and administrative proceedings, which include intellectual property, commercial, governmental and regulatory investigations, employee related issues and private litigation, which we do not believe are either individually or collectively material.
 
As legal and governmental proceedings are inherently unpredictable and, in part, beyond our control, unless otherwise indicated, we cannot reasonably predict the outcome of these legal proceedings, nor can we estimate the amount of loss, or range of loss, if any, that may result from these proceedings. An adverse outcome in any of these proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
 
 
 
Government Proceedings
 
Like other companies in the pharmaceutical industry, we are subject to extensive regulation by national, state and local government agencies in the United States. As a result, interaction with government agencies occurs in the normal course of our operations. The following is a brief description of pending governmental investigations which we believe are potentially material at this time. It is possible that criminal charges and substantial payments, fines and/or civil penalties or damages could result from any government investigation or proceeding, as well as a corporate integrity agreement or similar government mandated compliance document, whether we deem an investigation to be material or not at this time.
 
Department of Health and Human Services Investigation.
We received a subpoena, dated December 9, 2013, from the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, in connection with an investigation of potential violations involving HHS programs. The subpoena was issued in connection with an investigation by the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Central District of California. The subpoena requests documents regarding our business, including the commercialization of Subsys. We are cooperating with this investigation and have produced documents in response to the subpoena and have provided other requested information.
 
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Investigation.
On September 8, 2014, we received a subpoena issued pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended, from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Massachusetts. The subpoena requests documents regarding Subsys, including our sales and marketing practices related to this product. We are cooperating with this investigation and have produced documents in response to the subpoena and have provided other requested information.
 
On or about June 23, 2015, a nurse practitioner located in Connecticut, who served on our speaker bureau in connection with our speaker programs designed to educate and promote product awareness and safety for external health care providers, pled guilty to violating the federal Anti-Kickback Statute in connection with payments of approximately $83,000 from the Company. 
In connection with the review of this matter by the Compliance Committee of the Board of Directors, with the assistance of outside legal counsel reporting directly to the Compliance Committee, we have taken a number of remedial actions and implemented enhancements to the Company’s compliance controls regarding relationships with health care providers. We will continue to assess these matters to ensure we have an effective compliance program.
 
State Related Investigations.
We have received CIDs from each of the Office of the Attorney General of the State of Arizona, ODOJ, the Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the Office of the Attorney General of Illinois. These CIDs request documents regarding Subsys, including the Company’s sales and marketing practices related to Subsys in the applicable state. We are cooperating with each of these investigations and have produced documents in response to these CIDs and related requests for information from each office.
 
In connection with the investigation by the ODOJ we have entered into a settlement agreement with the ODOJ referred to as an AVC, and agreed to make monetary payments totaling approximately $1,100,000. The AVC requires us to maintain certain controls and processes around our promotional and sales activity related to Subsys in Oregon. This AVC expressly provides that we do not admit any violation of law or regulation. This settlement was reached as result of our cooperation with the ODOJ's investigation and after producing documents in response to certain CIDs and related requests for information from the ODOJ. On August 5, 2015, we paid $533,000 to the Oregon State Treasury and at September 30, 2015 we maintained an accrual of $567,000.
 
We believe that the probability of unfavorable outcome or loss related to these governmental proceedings, with the exception of the ODOJ investigation, and an estimate of the amount or range of loss, if any, from an unfavorable outcome are not determinable at this time. We believe we have meritorious legal positions and will continue to represent our interests vigorously in these matters. However, responding to government investigations, defending any claims raised, and any resulting fines, restitution, damages and penalties, settlement payments or administrative actions, as well as any related actions brought by shareholders or other third parties, could have a material impact on our reputation, business and financial condition and divert the attention of our management from operating our business.
 
Federal Securities Litigation
 
Between May 15 and May 19, 2014, two complaints (captioned Larson v. Insys Therapeutics, Inc., Case No. 14-cv-01043-GMS) and (Li vs. Insys Therapeutics, Inc., Case No 14-cv-01077-DGC) were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona, or Arizona District Court, against us and certain of our current officers. The complaints were brought as purported class actions, on behalf of purchasers of our common stock. In general, the plaintiffs allege that the defendants violated federal securities laws by making intentionally false and misleading statements regarding our business and operations, therefore artificially inflating the price of our common stock. The plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary damages and other relief. On July 14, 2014, several purported shareholders filed motions to consolidate the two cases, appoint a lead plaintiff, and appoint lead counsel. On August 29, 2014, the Arizona District Court issued an order consolidating the action, appointing Hongwei Li as lead plaintiff, and appointing the lead counsel. Lead plaintiffs complaint was filed on October 27, 2014. On December 11, 2014, we moved to dismiss the amended consolidated complaint. On March 19, 2015, the parties participated in a mediation and the parties subsequently agreed in principle, on April 14, 2015, to settle the action. On April 20, 2015, the parties filed a Notice of Settlement with the Court. On April 29, 2015, the Court ordered that the lawsuit be dismissed within 60 days, vacated all pending hearings, and denied all pending motions as moot. On May 28, 2015, the parties filed a Stipulation of Settlement, which provided the terms of a settlement agreement. On June 2, 2015, the Court granted preliminary approval of the settlement agreement and the potential class members have been (or will be) notified of the proposed settlement and the procedure by which they can object to the settlement or request to be excluded from the class. The settlement remains subject to final approval by the Court and the Court has scheduled a settlement hearing for December 5, 2015. Because we have met our retainage amount under the applicable policy, we believe that any potential obligations that may arise as result of the proposed settlement in this matter will be fully covered under our Directors and Officers insurance policy. Accordingly, we have not accrued for any contingencies in this matter into our operating results.
 
General Litigation and Disputes
 
Kottayil vs. Insys Pharma, Inc.
On September 29, 2009, Insys Pharma, Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary, and certain of our officers and the five directors who comprised the Insys Pharma board of directors as of June 2009, as well as their spouses, were named as defendants in a lawsuit in the Superior Court of the State of Arizona, Maricopa County, or the Arizona Superior Court, brought by Santosh Kottayil, Ph.D., certain of his family members and a trust of which Dr. Kottayil is the trustee. Dr. Kottayil formerly served as President, Chief Scientific Officer and a director of Insys Pharma, among other positions. The complaint brought a cause of action for statutory and common law appraisal of Dr. Kottayil’s Insys Pharma common stock. The cause of action for appraisal relates to a reverse stock split that Insys Pharma effected in June 2009, which resulted in Dr. Kottayil’s ownership position becoming a fractional share of Insys Pharma common stock. Following the reverse stock split, Insys Pharma cancelled all resulting fractional shares, including the fractional share held by Dr. Kottayil, and offered a cash payment in lieu of the fractional shares. The complaint also brought causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty, fraud and negligent misrepresentation in the defendants’ dealings with Dr. Kottayil on the subject of his compensation and stock ownership in Insys Pharma. In January 2010, the plaintiffs added claims seeking to rescind Dr. Kottayil’s assignment to Insys Pharma of his interest in all of the fentanyl and dronabinol patent applications previously assigned to Insys Pharma and to recover the benefits of those interests. Dr. Kottayil was seeking, among other relief, the fair value of his Insys Pharma common stock as of June 2, 2009, compensatory and punitive damages, and rescission of all assignments to Insys Pharma of his interest in the patent applications, as well as attorneys’ fees, costs and interest.
  
In February 2010, Insys Pharma and the other defendants answered and filed counter-claims to Dr. Kottayil’s amended complaint. The counter-claims include actions for breach of fiduciary duty, fraud and negligent misrepresentations and omissions with respect to the time during which Dr. Kottayil was employed at Insys Pharma. The counter-claims, among other relief, seek compensatory and punitive damages.
 
Discovery on all of the foregoing claims was completed and a trial was scheduled to commence on January 27, 2014; however, on January 22, 2014, the court vacated the trial and granted plaintiffs leave to file an amended complaint to add Insys Therapeutics, Inc. as a defendant.
 
On January 29, 2014, the plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint in the Arizona Superior Court in which Insys Therapeutics, Inc. was also named as defendant in this lawsuit. This amended complaint filed by plaintiffs re-alleges substantially the same claims set forth in the prior complaint, except that plaintiffs now allege that they are entitled to rescissory damages, plaintiffs have also added our majority stockholder, a private trust, as a defendant to the breach of fiduciary duty claim and plaintiffs have revised their fraud claim against the Insys Pharma director defendants.
 
On February 25, 2014, we filed a Motion to Dismiss the Kottayil Plantiffs’ claims for a statutory and common law appraisal. The motion was denied on May 2, 2014.
 
The trial commenced on December 1, 2014 with the evidence phase of the trial completed on January 29, 2015.
 
On June 8, 2015, the court issued findings of fact and conclusions of law in its final trial ruling. Specifically, the court found (i) in favor of Insys Pharma, our majority stockholder, a private trust and four of the Insys Pharma directors who were on the board in July 2008 on plaintiffs’ claim for breach of fiduciary duty arising out of transactions the board approved in July 2008, (ii) found in favor of plaintiffs and against Insys Pharma, Inc., our majority stockholder, a private trust and three of the Insys Pharma directors who were on the board in June 2009 on plaintiffs’ claims under Delaware law and for breach of fiduciary duties arising out of the reverse stock split the board approved in June 2009 in the amount of $7,317,450, along with pre-judgment and post-judgment interest and court costs, (iii) found in favor of two of the Insys Pharma directors who were on the Insys Pharma board as of June 2009 and against plaintiffs on plaintiffs’ breach of fiduciary duty claims, (iv) found in favor of Insys Pharma and against plaintiff (Kottayil) on his claim for rescission of the patent application assignments that he entered in favor of Insys Pharma before and after his employment terminated, (v) found in favor of us and against plaintiff on plaintiffs' claims of successor liability and fraudulent transfer, and (vi) found in favor of Kottayil and against Insys Pharma on Insys Pharma’s counterclaims of breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, and negligent misrepresentation. The court still has to resolve certain post-trial issues, which are currently being briefed by the parties, before a final judgment is entered.
 
On June 29, 2015, we moved the court to award Insys Therapeutics, Inc. its attorneys’ fees in connection with its successful defense of plaintiff’s claims of successor liability and fraudulent transfer. The court denied Insys Therapeutics request for attorney’s fees.
 
On October 2, 2015, the court entered a final judgment, awarding plaintiffs the amount of $7,317,450, along with pre-judgment interest from June 2, 2009, and post-judgment interest, from October 2, 2015, at the rate of 4.25% per annum, compounded quarterly and taxable costs in the amount of $93,163. On the same date, the court denied plaintiffs’ request to submit an application for attorneys’ fees for his defense of the Insys Pharma counterclaims, finding that the request was premature.
 
On October 20, 2015, plaintiffs appealed the foregoing judgment. We and the other defendants against whom judgment was entered anticipate filing a cross-appeal.
 
As a result of the final ruling, we have accrued $9,567,000 at September 30, 2015 including $2,249,000 of estimated pre-and post-judgement interest. Any final judgement entered by the court is subject to a potential appeal which could cause the estimates to vary materially from the final award. 
 
On or around November 1, 2015 we received a notice from Dr. Kottayil’s attorneys demanding indemnification for legal and other defense costs alleged to have been incurred in connection with Dr. Kottayil’s defense of the Insys Pharma counterclaims in the amount of $3,630,000. We are in the process of assessing the merit of such claims as well as evaluating the basis for the costs claimed. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the ultimate outcome we have not accrued for this claim at this time; however, we believe that that it is reasonably possible that there may be a material loss associated with this claim and we currently estimate the range of the reasonably possible loss to be between $0 and the $3,630,000 claimed.
 
  
 Insys Therapeutics, Inc. vs. Mylan Pharmaceuticals
.
  Since May 2013, we have been in a legal dispute with Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. concerning the parties’ Supply and Distribution Agreement dated May 20, 2011.
On October 5, 2015, we have entered into a settlement agreement and full and final mutual general release, or the Settlement Agreement, with Mylan that (i) reaffirmed the termination of the Supply and Distribution Agreement and the relationship between the parties with respect to this product, (ii) released the claims in dispute in connection with this arbitration and (iii) contained other customary terms and conditions such as confidentiality. The parties jointly filed with the Panel a Stipulation to Dismiss with Prejudice the arbitration proceedings and definitively resolve this dispute. On October 30, 2015, the parties received the signed order from the Panel granting the stipulation to Dismiss with Prejudice. As a result of the executed Settlement Agreement, we have not accrued for any contingencies in this matter into our operating results and consider the matters in dispute in connection with this arbitration settled.
 
Patent-Related Matters.
On August 26, 2015, we received purported service of notice of three inter partes review, or the IPR, petitions filed by a hedge fund with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, challenging three of the four Orange Book-listed patents covering Subsys. We intend to oppose the request to institute the IPR and, if any of the three petitions are granted, we intend to defend the validity of each patent challenged in each IPR.
 
Except as it pertains to the $9,567,000 accrued for the dispute with Dr. Kottayil, the $567,000 accrued in connection with the ODOJ settlement payment and the potential for damages in the Federal Securities litigation that should be sufficiently covered by our Director and Officers insurance policies as noted above, we believe that the probability of unfavorable outcome or loss related to all of the above litigation matters and an estimate of the amount or range of loss, if any, from an unfavorable outcome are not determinable at this time. We believe we have meritorious legal positions and will continue to represent our interests vigorously in these matters but the range possible outcomes on these matters is very broad and we are not able to provide a reasonable estimate of our potential liability, if any, nor are we able to predict the outcome of each litigation matter. Responding to each of these litigation matters, defending any claims raised, and any resulting fines, restitution, damages and penalties, or settlement payments as well as any related actions brought by shareholders or other third parties, could have a material impact on our reputation, business and financial condition and divert the attention of our management from operating our business.
 
Material Agreements
 
In April 2015, we entered into an amendment to our manufacturing and supply agreement with DPT, which extends our existing manufacturing and supply agreement to produce Subsys until the end of 2020. In addition to extending the term, this amendment added certain minimum purchase commitments.
 
On October 30, 2015, we entered into an amended and restated supply, development & exclusive licensing agreement with Aptargroup, Inc. which, among other things, extended our exclusive supply rights to the current sublingual device, currently utilized by Subsys, as well any new device(s) jointly developed by the two companies for a period of seven years. In addition to extending the term, this amendment added certain minimum purchase commitments.
 
The following table sets forth our aggregate minimum purchase commitments with DPT and Aptar under these agreements (in thousands): 
 
Years ending December 31,
 
 
 
 
2015
    1,500  
2016
    2,000  
2017
    10,450  
2018
    14,650  
2019
    18,260  
Thereafter
    25,170  
Total
  $ 72,030