Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosures. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities when these values are not readily apparent from other sources. Accounting estimates and judgements are inherently uncertain and the actual results could differ from these estimates.

During the second quarter of 2020, the Company identified that certain of its commercial payer invoices were erroneously overstated. The Company received a refund of $7.5 million from these payers related to fiscal year 2019.

Additionally, the Company recorded an adjustment during the second quarter of 2020 to decrease accrued payer rebates by $5.8 million primarily related to the first quarter of 2020 based on the revised methodology after such invoice overstatements were corrected. These adjustments increased net product revenue by $13.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. These adjustments resulted in an increase in net income per share (basic) of $0.19 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and an increase in net income per share (diluted) of $0.15 and $0.16 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Accrued commercial payer rebates of $21.6 million and $14.0 million were recorded in accrued rebates, fees and reserve as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Investments in Marketable Securities

Management determines the appropriate classification of investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase based upon management’s intent with regards to such investment and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. The Company’s investment policy requires that it only invests in highly-rated securities and limit its exposure to any single issuer. All investments in marketable securities are held as “available-for-sale” and are carried at the estimated fair value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing models for similar securities.

The Company classifies investments in marketable securities as short-term when they have remaining contractual maturities of one year or less from the balance sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as a component of accumulated comprehensive income (loss), with the exception of unrealized losses believed to be related to credit losses, which, if any, are recognized through earnings in the period the impairment occurs. Impairment assessments are made at the individual security level each reporting period. When the fair value of an investment is less than its cost at the balance sheet date, a determination is made as to whether the impairment is related to a credit loss and, if it is, the portion of the impairment relating to credit loss is recorded as an allowance through net income. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other than temporary, if any, on available-for-sale securities are included in other income, net, based on the specific identification method.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The following are the recent accounting pronouncements adopted by the Company in 2020:

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses, (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13), which changed the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade receivables and other instruments, the Company uses a new forward-looking expected loss model that generally results in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through receivables from customers. The Company’s expected loss allowance methodology for the receivables is developed using historical collection experience, current and future economic market conditions, a review of the current aging status and financial condition of the entities. Specific allowance amounts are established to record the appropriate allowance for customers that have a higher probability of default. ASU 2016-13 also eliminates the concept of “other-than-temporary” impairment when evaluating available-for-sale debt securities and instead focuses on determining whether any impairment is a result of a credit loss or other factors. An entity will recognize an allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities, rather than an other-than-temporary impairment that reduces the cost basis of the investment. The adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (ASU 2017-04), which simplifies the current requirements for testing goodwill for impairment by eliminating the second step of the two-step impairment test to measure the amount of an impairment loss. ASU 2017-04 is effective for the Company’s interim and annual reporting periods during the year ending December 31, 2020, and all annual and interim reporting periods thereafter. The Company adopted this accounting standard as of January 1, 2020. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurements (ASU 2018-13), which eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements, and requires public entities to disclose certain new information and modifies some disclosure requirements. The new guidance is effective for the Company’s interim and annual reporting periods during the year ending December 31, 2020, and all annual and interim reporting periods thereafter. The Company adopted this accounting standard as of January 1, 2020. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company has reviewed other recent accounting pronouncements and concluded they are either not applicable to the business or that no material effect is expected on the consolidated financial statements as a result of future adoption.