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Note 13 - Stock-based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements  
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]
NOTE
13
– STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 
In
2017,
the Company’s compensation committee approved an employee incentive plan which authorizes awarding restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance share units (“PSUs”) to key employees under the Company’s
2015
Long-Term Incentive Plan.
 
The Company's stock-based compensation program is a long-term retention program that provides for the grant of options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance-based restricted shares or units in order to attract, retain and provide incentives for directors, officers and employees. The maximum number of shares reserved for the grant of awards under the plan is
2.5
 million, with approximately 
2.2
 million shares available as of
December 31, 2018.
The Company typically settles stock-based awards with newly issued shares.
 
Time-based awards generally vest ratably over a
three
-year period following the date of grant, and performance-based awards generally vest
three
years following the date of grant based on the attainment of performance- or market-based goals, all of which are subject to a service condition.
 
2018
Long-Term Incentive Compensation
 
 
During the year ended
December 31, 2018,
the Company granted under the
2015
Long-Term Incentive Plan 
178,648
RSUs with a weighted average grant price of
$10.73,
88,851
of targeted PSUs with a weighted average grant price of
$10.27,
and
38,555
restricted shares with a weighted average grant price of
$12.97,
which vest over
one
year from grant date. The RSUs will primarily vest in equal installments on each of the
first
three
anniversaries of the grant date, subject to the recipient’s continued employment or service with the Company or its subsidiaries on the applicable vesting date.
 
The PSUs are performance-vesting equity incentive awards that will be earned based on the Company's performance against metrics relating to annual Adjusted EBITDA and annual revenue. Awards will vest after a
three
-year performance period and
may
be earned at a level ranging from
0%
-
200%
of the number of PSUs granted, depending on performance. The number of PSUs determined was based upon the closing price of our common stock on the award date. The Company assessed the applicable metrics related to the PSU grants, determined the blended probability of achieving the performance metrics and valued the awards based on the fair value at the date of grant with the amount of stock compensation expense determined based on the number of PSU’s expected to vest. 
 
2017
Long-Term Incentive Compensation
 
 
In
March 2017,
the Company’s compensation committee (or a subcommittee thereof) approved awards of RSUs and PSUs to key employees under the Company’s
2015
Long-Term Incentive Plan. The Company granted
171,388
RSUs on
April 3, 2017
at a grant price of
$8.98.
The RSU’s will vest in equal installments on each of the
first
three
anniversaries of the grant date, subject to the recipient’s continued employment or service with us or our subsidiaries on the applicable vesting date. 
 
The PSUs are performance-vesting equity incentive awards that will be earned based on our performance against metrics relating to annual Adjusted EBITDA, annual revenue, and guest satisfaction. Awards will vest after a
three
-year performance period and
may
be earned at a level ranging from
0%
-
200%
of the number of PSUs granted, depending on performance. On
April 3, 2017,
the Company awarded
126,953
of targeted PSUs with the number of shares determined based upon the closing price of our common stock on
March 31, 2017
of
$8.96.
Based on the financial statements as of
December 31, 2017,
the Company assessed the applicable metrics related to the PSU grants, determined the blended probability of achieving the performance metrics and valued the awards based on the fair value at the date of grant with the amount of stock compensation expense determined based on the number of PSU’s expected to vest.
 
2016
CEO Share Allocation Plan
 
In
April 2016,
the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the
2016
CEO Share Allocation Plan (the
“2016
Plan”) and in
June 2016,
the Company’s shareholders approved the
2016
CEO Share Allocation Plan, pursuant to which the Company will grant awards covering up to
1,000,000
shares of the Company’s common stock in the form of restricted stock, restricted stock units, and/or other stock- or cash-based awards to eligible employees and other service providers of the Company. The
2016
CEO Share Allocation Plan was adopted in connection with a contribution agreement that the Company entered into with Sven-Olof Lindblad, Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company, pursuant to which Mr. Lindblad will transfer up to
1,000,000
shares from his holdings of the Company’s common stock (i.e., an equivalent number of shares as is reserved for issuance under the
2016
CEO Share Allocation Plan) (the “Contribution Shares”) to the Company as a contribution to the capital of the Company. Mr. Lindblad will
not
receive any consideration in exchange for the Contribution Shares. However, as a condition to the contribution of any Contribution Shares, the Company must grant awards under the
2016
CEO Share Allocation Plan, such that the number of Contribution Shares that Mr. Lindblad actually contributes to the Company will equal the number of shares corresponding to awards granted under the plan. The contribution of the Contribution Shares by Mr. Lindblad to the Company will effectively reduce the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that are outstanding by the same number of shares that would be issued under the
2016
CEO Share Allocation Plan (or a lesser number in the event awards are settled in cash). Such contributions will be effective as of the date the Company grants corresponding awards under the
2016
CEO Share Allocation Plan. The administrator
may
amend, suspend or terminate the
2016
CEO Share Allocation Plan at any time.
 
On
January 10, 2017,
Mr. Lindblad contributed to the Company and the Company thereafter granted,
716,550
restricted shares at a grant price of
$9.65.
The grants vest in
three
equal installments on
January 10, 2017,
January 10, 2018
and
January 10, 2019.
 
Performance Share Units
 
Performance shares are shares of stock granted to an employee, non-employee director or other service providers for which sale is prohibited for a specified period of time. PSUs represent a promise to deliver shares to the employee, non-employee director or other service providers at a future date if certain vesting conditions are met. The Company does
not
deliver the shares associated with the PSUs to the employee, non-employee director or other service providers until the vesting conditions are met.
 
The following table is a summary of PSU activity:
 
   
Number of Shares
   
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
 
Balance, January 1, 2017
   
-
    $
-
 
Granted
   
126,953
     
8.98
 
Vested and released
   
-
     
-
 
Forfeited
   
(39,161
)    
8.98
 
Balance, December 31, 2017
   
87,792
     
8.98
 
Granted
   
88,851
     
10.27
 
Vested and released
   
-
     
-
 
Forfeited
   
(13,863
)    
8.98
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
   
162,780
     
9.63
 
 
 
Restricted Shares and Restricted Share Units
 
Restricted shares are shares of stock granted to an employee, non-employee director or other service providers for which sale is prohibited for a specified period of time. RSUs represent a promise to deliver shares to the employee, non-employee director or other service providers at a future date if certain vesting conditions are met. The Company does
not
deliver the shares associated with the RSUs to the employee, non-employee director or other service providers until the vesting conditions are met.
 
The following table is a summary of restricted stock and RSU activity:
 
   
Number of Shares
   
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
 
Balance, January 1, 2016
   
-
    $
-
 
Granted
   
213,812
     
9.97
 
Vested and released
   
(11,791
)    
11.20
 
Forfeited
   
-
     
-
 
Balance, December 31, 2016
   
202,021
     
9.90
 
Granted
   
940,147
     
9.56
 
Vested and released
   
(299,951
)    
9.72
 
Forfeited
   
(63,945
)    
9.41
 
Balance, December 31, 2017
   
778,272
     
9.60
 
Granted
   
217,203
     
11.12
 
Vested and released
   
(352,116
)    
9.67
 
Forfeited
   
(23,633
)    
9.60
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
   
619,726
     
10.16
 
 
Stock Options
 
Stock compensation expense related to options are recorded based on the fair value of stock option grants, amortized on a straight-line basis over the employee’s required service period. The Company estimated the fair value of employee stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair values of employee stock options granted under the Company's incentive plans were estimated using the following assumptions:
 
   
2016 Grants
 
Stock price   $
9.63
 
Exercise price   $
9.63
 
Dividend yield    
0.00
%
Expected volatility    
60.00
%
Risk-free interest rate    
1.18
%
Expected term in years    
5.11
 
 
The following table is a summary of stock option activity:
 
   
Number of Options
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
   
Weighted Average Contractual Live (Years)
   
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
Options outstanding as of January 1, 2016
   
2,849,071
    $
2.69
     
3.7
    $
23,992,814
 
Granted
   
220,000
     
9.63
     
 
     
 
 
Exercised
   
(638,223
)    
1.76
     
 
     
 
 
Forfeited
   
(300,000
)    
10.58
     
 
     
 
 
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2016
   
2,130,848
     
2.57
     
2.8
     
146,542,221
 
Granted
   
-
     
-
     
 
     
 
 
Exercised
   
(955,424
)    
1.76
     
 
     
 
 
Forfeited
   
-
     
-
     
 
     
 
 
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2017
   
1,175,424
     
3.23
     
2.4
     
7,707,255
 
Granted
   
-
     
-
     
 
     
 
 
Exercised
   
(955,424
)    
1.76
     
 
     
 
 
Forfeited
   
-
     
-
     
 
     
 
 
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2018
   
220,000
     
9.63
     
7.6
     
842,000
 
 
 
   
As of December 31, 2018
 
   
Number of Options
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
   
Weighted Average Contractual Live (Years)
   
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
Options vested and/or expected to vest
   
220,000
    $
9.63
     
7.6
    $
842,000
 
Options exercisable
   
113,333
     
9.68
     
7.6
     
428,333
 
 
During the year ended
December 31, 2018,
955,424
stock options, net were exercised at a weighted average exercise price of
$1.76
per share in cashless transactions, resulting in the issuance of
442,820
shares of common stock.
 
Stock-based Compensation Expense
 
Stock-based compensation expense for 
2018,
2017
and 
2016
 was 
$4.4
million,
$10.6
million and 
$5.4
million, respectively, and is included in general and administrative expenses. The total income tax benefit
recognized for stock-based compensation plans for the years ended
December 31, 
2018,
2017
and 
2016
 was $
0.2
 
million,
$0.1
million and 
$0.1
million, respectively. As of
December 31, 2018,
unrecognized stock-based compensation expense was 
$4.4
million. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately
1.8
 years.