<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2012-06-30</periodOfReport>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001102934</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>CABOT MICROELECTRONICS CORP</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>CCMP</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001509949</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Naman Ananth</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O CABOT MICROELECTRONICS CORPORATION</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>870 COMMONS DRIVE</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>AURORA</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>IL</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>60504</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <officerTitle>VP, Research &amp; Development</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2012-06-30</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>A</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>375.902</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>24.829</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>8910.4807</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <derivativeTable>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stock Options (Right to Buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>25.79</value>
                <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                <footnoteId id="F4"/>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <value>2008-11-30</value>
                <footnoteId id="F3"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2017-11-30</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>544</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>544</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stock Options (Right to Buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>22.13</value>
                <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                <footnoteId id="F5"/>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <value>2009-01-21</value>
                <footnoteId id="F6"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2018-01-21</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>906</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F5"/>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>906</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stock Options (Right to Buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>16.00</value>
                <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                <footnoteId id="F7"/>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <value>2009-12-01</value>
                <footnoteId id="F8"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2018-12-01</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>2190</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F7"/>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>2190</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stock Options (Right to Buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>21.45</value>
                <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                <footnoteId id="F9"/>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <value>2010-12-01</value>
                <footnoteId id="F10"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2019-12-01</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>5059</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F9"/>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>5059</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stock Options (Right to Buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>28.62</value>
                <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                <footnoteId id="F11"/>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <value>2011-12-01</value>
                <footnoteId id="F12"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2020-12-01</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>4386</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F11"/>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>4386</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stock Options (Right to Buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>27.94</value>
                <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                <footnoteId id="F13"/>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <value>2012-12-01</value>
                <footnoteId id="F14"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2021-12-01</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>23936</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F13"/>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>23936</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
    </derivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">As a result of a leveraged recapitalization of the Company via a special cash dividend (the &quot;Dividend&quot;) of $15.00 per share declared on February 13, 2012 with a record date of February 23, 2012, a payable date of March 1, 2012 and an ex-dividend date of March 2, 2012, the option award was proportionally adjusted on March 2, 2012 to preserve its value in connection with the Dividend, as required by Section 8.6 of the Second Amended and Restated Cabot Microelectronics Corporation Equity Incentive Plan (EIP) and approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company.  The number of stock options subject to each outstanding award was increased proportionately to preserve its value as a result of the Dividend.  The number of stock options was increased by a factor of 1.45068 rounded down to the nearest whole option, which is a ratio of the Official Nasdaq Closing Price of $51.92 on March 1, 2012, the day immediately before the ex-dividend date, to the Official Nasdaq Opening Price of $35.79 on March 2, 2012, the ex-dividend date.  The mandatory adjustments in connection with the Dividend were exempt from Section 16(b).</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">This option, pursuant to the EIP, was previously reported by the reporting person as an option for 1,500 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $37.40.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">With original vesting schedule of 25% quarterly per year beginning on the first anniversary of grant date 11/30/2007.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F4">Required by Section 8.6 of the EIP and approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company, the exercise price of the option was proportionally adjusted on March 2, 2012 to preserve its value as a result of the leveraged recapitalization via the Dividend.  The exercise price of each outstanding stock option was decreased by a factor of 0.68933 rounded up to the nearest whole cent, which is a ratio of the Official Nasdaq Opening Price of $35.79 on March 2, 2012, the ex-dividend date, to the Official Nasdaq Closing Price of $51.92 on March 1, 2012, the day immediately before the ex-dividend date.  The mandatory adjustments in connection with the Dividend were exempt from Section 16(b).</footnote>
        <footnote id="F5">This option, pursuant to the EIP, was previously reported by the reporting person as an option for 2,500 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $32.09.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F6">With original vesting schedule of 25% quarterly per year beginning on the first anniversary of grant date 1/21/2008.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F7">This option, pursuant to the EIP, was previously reported by the reporting person as an option for 3,020 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $23.21.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F8">With original vesting schedule of 25% quarterly per year beginning on the first anniversary of grant date 12/1/2008.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F9">This option, pursuant to the EIP, was previously reported by the reporting person as an option for 4,650 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $31.11.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F10">With original vesting schedule of 25% quarterly per year beginning on the first anniversary of grant date 12/1/2009.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F11">This option, pursuant to the EIP, was previously reported by the reporting person as an option for 3,024 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $41.51.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F12">With original vesting schedule of 25% quarterly per year beginning on the first anniversary of grant date 12/1/2010.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F13">This option, pursuant to the EIP, was previously reported by the reporting person as an option for 16,500 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $40.52.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F14">2011 (FY12) Non-Qualified Stock Option Grant Vesting Schedule:  25% 12/1/2012, 25% 12/1/2013, 25% 12/1/2014, 25% 12/1/2015.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ H. Carol Bernstein (Power of Attorney)</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2012-07-03</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
