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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Entity Information [Line Items]  
Interim Presentation
Interim Presentation—Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company believes the disclosures made are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. However, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 included in the combined annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2017.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal and recurring items) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2017, the results of the Company’s operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and changes in equity and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of full year performance because of the impact of seasonal and short-term variations, including the impact of hotel renovations.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates—The preparation of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management used significant estimates to determine the estimated useful lives of tangible assets as well as in the assessment of tangible and intangible assets, including goodwill, for impairment, estimated liabilities for insurance reserves and the grant-date fair value of certain equity-based awards. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Property and Equipment
Property and Equipment—Property and equipment additions are recorded at cost. Major improvements that extend the life or utility of property or equipment are capitalized and depreciated over a period equal to the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the remaining estimated useful life of the asset. Ordinary repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are recorded on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives which range from two to 49 years.
Management assesses the performance of long-lived assets for potential impairment quarterly, as well as when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of property and equipment is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of a hotel property to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by each hotel property. Impairment is recognized when estimated future undiscounted cash flows, including proceeds from disposition, are less than the carrying value of each hotel property. To the extent that a hotel property is impaired, the excess carrying amount over its estimated fair value is recognized as an impairment charge and reduces income from operations. Fair value is determined based upon the discounted cash flows of the hotel property, quoted market prices or independent appraisals, as considered necessary. The Company recognized no impairment charges related to property and equipment for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and recognized approximately $20.4 million of impairment charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (see Note 5). The Company recognized an impairment charge of approximately $2.8 million for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 (see Note 5). The estimation of future undiscounted cash flows is inherently uncertain and relies upon assumptions regarding current and future economic and market conditions. If such conditions change, an impairment charge to further reduce the carrying value of a hotel property could occur in a future period in which conditions change.
Segments
Segments—The Company’s hotel operations represent a single operating segment based on the way the Company manages its business. The Company’s hotels provide similar services, use similar processes to sell those services and sell those services to similar classes of customers. The amounts of long-lived assets and net revenues outside the U.S. are not significant for any period presented.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Goodwill—In January 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update in which the guidance on testing for goodwill was updated to eliminate Step 2 in the determination on whether goodwill should be considered impaired. Annual and/or interim assessments are still required to be completed. This update will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Statement of Cash Flows—In August and November 2016, the FASB issued accounting standards updates which provide additional clarity on the classification of specific events on the statement of cash flows. These events include debt prepayment and extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from settlement of insurance claims, distributions received from equity method investees, and beneficial interests in securitization transactions. These updates also require amounts generally described as restricted cash to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. These updates are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted and should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The adoption of these updates will require cash outflows related to debt prepayment and extinguishment costs to be classified as financing activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, debt prepayment and extinguishment costs included within net cash provided by operating activities totaled approximately $1.2 million and $3.9 million, respectively. Additionally, the effect of the adoption of these updates on the Company's consolidated statements of cash flows will be to include restricted cash in the beginning and end of period balances of cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents. The change in restricted cash is currently included in investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Compensation—Stock Compensation—In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update which identifies areas for simplification involving several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, an option to recognize gross stock compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, and certain classifications on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2017 using a prospective transition method. The adoption of this update did not have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award requires an entity to apply modification accounting. This update will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted and should be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The Company does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Derivatives and Hedging—In August 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update which changes the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedging results. This update expands and refines hedge accounting and aligns recognition and presentation of its effects within the financial statements. This update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and will require a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year that an entity adopts this update. The Company is currently assessing the impact the adoption of the update will have on its consolidated financial statements. Expected impacts include, on a prospective basis, the elimination of hedge ineffectiveness related to designated interest rate swaps, the presentation of all interest rate hedge related items that impact earnings in the interest expense line item in the consolidated statement of operations and an election to perform qualitative assessments of hedge effectiveness.
In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to clarify the requirements for assessing whether contingent call (put) options that can accelerate the payment of principal on debt instruments are clearly and closely related to their debt hosts and to clarify that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as a hedging instrument does not, in and of itself, require dedesignation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria continue to be met. The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2017. The adoption of this update did not have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Leases— In February 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update which introduces a lessee model that requires a right-of-use asset and lease obligation to be presented on the balance sheet for all leases, whether operating or financing. The update eliminates the requirement in current U.S. GAAP for an entity to use bright-line tests in determining lease classification. The update also requires lessors to increase the transparency of their exposure to changes in value of their residual assets and how they manage that exposure. This update will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and must be applied using a modified retrospective approach, which will require adjustment to all comparative periods presented.
As of September 30, 2017, using its incremental borrowing rate with respect to the future minimum lease payments under its operating leases (ground leases and corporate office lease), the Company has preliminarily estimated that the lease liability would have been between approximately $15.0 million and $19.0 million and the right of use asset would have been between approximately $7.0 million and $11.0 million, which includes adjustments for accrued lease payments, above market lease liabilities and lease incentives.
The recording of a lease obligation may increase total indebtedness for purposes of financial covenants within certain of the Company’s existing debt agreements; however, the Company currently does not expect this increase to cause instances of non-compliance with any of these covenants. The Company does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material effect on its consolidated statements of operations or cash flows. The Company expects to elect the optional practical expedients which relate to the identification and classification of leases that commenced before the effective date, initial direct costs for leases that commenced before the effective date, and the ability to use hindsight in evaluating lessee options to extend or terminate a lease or to purchase the underlying asset. The election to apply these practical expedients will, in effect, mean the Company will continue to account for leases that commenced before the effective date in accordance with previous GAAP unless the lease is modified, except that the Company will recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all operating leases at each reporting date based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments that were tracked and disclosed under previous GAAP.
Contractual Revenue—Since May 2014, the FASB has issued several accounting standards updates which replace existing revenue recognition accounting standards. These updates are based on the principle that revenue is recognized when an entity transfers control of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. These updates also require more detailed disclosure to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. These updates permit transition under the full retrospective method, the modified retrospective approach that utilizes certain practical expedients and the cumulative effect method. These updates are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016.
The Company will adopt the standard on January 1, 2018
ESH REIT  
Entity Information [Line Items]  
Interim Presentation
Interim Presentation—Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. ESH REIT believes the disclosures made are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. However, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 included in the combined annual report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 28, 2017.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal and recurring items) necessary to present fairly ESH REIT’s financial position as of September 30, 2017, the results of ESH REIT’s operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and changes in equity and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of full year performance because of the impact of accounting for contingent rental payments under lease arrangements.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates—The preparation of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management used significant estimates to determine the estimated useful lives of tangible assets as well as in the assessment of tangible and intangible assets, including goodwill, for impairment, estimated liabilities for insurance reserves and the grant-date fair value of certain equity-based awards. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Property and Equipment
Property and Equipment—Property and equipment additions are recorded at cost. Major improvements that extend the life or utility of property or equipment are capitalized and depreciated over a period equal to the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the remaining estimated useful life of the asset. Ordinary repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are recorded on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives which range from two to 49 years.
Management assesses the performance of long-lived assets for potential impairment quarterly, as well as when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of a group of assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of property and equipment is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of a group of hotel properties (groups of hotel properties align with hotels as they are grouped under ESH REIT’s leases) to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by each group of hotel properties. Impairment is recognized when estimated future undiscounted cash flows, including proceeds from disposition, are less than the carrying value of each group of hotel properties. To the extent that a group of hotel properties is impaired, their excess carrying amount over their estimated fair value is recognized as an impairment charge and reduces income from operations. Fair value is determined based upon the discounted cash flows of a group of hotel properties, quoted market prices or independent appraisals, as considered necessary. No impairment charges were recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2017. ESH REIT recognized impairment charges related to property and equipment of approximately $15.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and no impairment charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 (see Note 5). The estimation of future undiscounted cash flows is inherently uncertain and relies upon assumptions regarding current and future economic and market conditions. If such conditions change, an impairment charge to further reduce the carrying value of a group of hotel properties could occur in a future period in which conditions change.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition—ESH REIT’s sole source of revenues is rental revenue derived from leases with subsidiaries of the Corporation (the Operating Lessees). ESH REIT records rental revenues on a straight-line basis as they are earned during the lease terms. Rents receivable from Extended Stay America, Inc. on the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets represent monthly rental amounts contractually due. Deferred rents receivable from Extended Stay America, Inc. on the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets represent the cumulative difference between straight-line rental revenues recognized and rental revenues contractually due. As scheduled rent payments have begun to exceed straight-line rental revenue, this amount, approximately $28.2 million as of September 30, 2017, will gradually decrease through the remainder of the lease terms until it is zero at the end of the lease terms in October 2018. Lease rental payments received prior to rendering services are included in unearned rental revenues from Extended Stay America, Inc. on the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Contingent rental revenues, specifically percentage rental revenues related to hotel revenues of the Operating Lessees, are recognized when such amounts are fixed and determinable (i.e., only when percentage rental revenue thresholds have been achieved).
Segments
Segments—ESH REIT’s business represents a single operating segment based on the way ESH REIT manages its business. ESH REIT leases the hotel properties in similar manners to similar customers. The amounts of long-lived assets and net revenues outside the U.S. are not significant for any period presented.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Goodwill—In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an accounting standards update in which the guidance on testing for goodwill was updated to eliminate Step 2 in the determination on whether goodwill should be considered impaired. Annual and/or interim assessments are still required to be completed. This update will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. ESH REIT does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material effect on ESH REIT’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Statement of Cash Flows—In August and November 2016, the FASB issued accounting standards updates which provide additional clarity on the classification of specific events on the statement of cash flows. These events include debt prepayment and extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from settlement of insurance claims, distributions received from equity method investees, and beneficial interests in securitization transactions. These updates also require amounts generally described as restricted cash to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. These updates are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted and should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The adoption of these updates will require cash outflows related to debt prepayment and extinguishment costs to be classified as financing activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, debt prepayment and extinguishment costs included within net cash provided by operating activities totaled approximately $1.2 million and $3.9 million, respectively. Additionally, the effect of the adoption of these updates on ESH REIT's consolidated statements of cash flows will be to include restricted cash in the beginning and end of period balances of cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents. The change in restricted cash is currently included in investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Compensation—Stock Compensation—In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update which identifies areas for simplification involving several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, an option to recognize gross stock compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, and certain classifications on the statement of cash flows. ESH REIT adopted this update on January 1, 2017 using a prospective transition method. The adoption of this update did not have a material effect on ESH REIT’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award requires an entity to apply modification accounting. This update will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted and should be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. ESH REIT does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material effect on ESH REIT’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Derivatives and Hedging—In August 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update which changes the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedging results. This update expands and refines hedge accounting and aligns recognition and presentation of its effects within the financial statements. This update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and will require a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year that an entity adopts this update. ESH REIT is currently assessing the impact the adoption of the update will have on its consolidated financial statements. Expected impacts include, on a prospective basis, the elimination of hedge ineffectiveness related to designated interest rate swaps, the presentation of all interest rate hedge related items that impact earnings in the interest expense line item in the consolidated statement of operations and an election to perform qualitative assessments of hedge effectiveness.
In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to clarify the requirements for assessing whether contingent call (put) options that can accelerate the payment of principal on debt instruments are clearly and closely related to their debt hosts and to clarify that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as a hedging instrument does not, in and of itself, require dedesignation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria continue to be met. ESH REIT adopted this update on January 1, 2017. The adoption of this update did not have a material effect on ESH REIT’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Leases—In February 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update which introduces a lessee model that requires a right-of-use asset and lease obligation to be presented on the balance sheet for all leases, whether operating or financing. The update eliminates the requirement in current U.S. GAAP for an entity to use bright-line tests in determining lease classification. The update also requires lessors to increase the transparency of their exposure to changes in value of their residual assets and how they manage that exposure. This update will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and must be applied using a modified retrospective approach, which will require adjustment to all comparative periods presented.
As of September 30, 2017, using its incremental borrowing rate with respect to the future minimum lease payments under its operating leases (ground leases), ESH REIT has preliminarily estimated that the lease liability would have been between approximately $7.5 million and $11.5 million and the right of use asset would have been between approximately $1.0 million and $5.0 million, which includes adjustments for accrued lease payments, above market lease liabilities and lease incentives.
The recording of a lease obligation may increase total indebtedness for purposes of financial covenants within certain of ESH REIT’s existing debt agreements; however, ESH REIT does not expect this increase to cause instances of non-compliance with any of these covenants. ESH REIT currently does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material effect on its consolidated statements of operations or cash flows. ESH REIT expects to elect the optional practical expedients which relate to the identification and classification of leases that commenced before the effective date, initial direct costs for leases that commenced before the effective date, and the ability to use hindsight in evaluating lessee options to extend or terminate a lease or to purchase the underlying asset. The election to apply these practical expedients will, in effect, mean ESH REIT will continue to account for leases that commenced before the effective date in accordance with previous GAAP unless the lease is modified, except that ESH REIT will recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all operating leases at each reporting date based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments that were tracked and disclosed under previous GAAP.