Revenue Recognition (Notes)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Nature of Revenue by Segment

Natural Gas Pipelines Segment

We provide various types of natural gas transportation and storage services, natural gas and NGL sales contracts, and various types of gathering and processing services for producers, including receiving, compressing, transporting and re-delivering quantities of natural gas and/or NGLs made available to us by producers to a specified delivery location.

Natural Gas Transportation and Storage Contracts

The natural gas we receive under our transportation and storage contracts remains under the control of our customers. Under firm service contracts, the customer generally pays a two-part transaction price that includes (i) a fixed fee reserving the right to transport or store natural gas in our facilities up to contractually specified capacity levels (referred to as “reservation”) and (ii) a fee-based per-unit rate for quantities of natural gas actually transported or injected into/withdrawn from storage. In our firm service contracts we generally promise to provide a single integrated service each day over the life of the contract, which is fundamentally a stand-ready obligation to provide services up to the customer’s reservation capacity prescribed in the contract. Our customers have a take-or-pay payment obligation with respect to the fixed reservation fee component, regardless of the quantities they actually transport or store. In other cases, generally described as interruptible service, there is no fixed fee associated with these transportation and storage services because the customer accepts the possibility that service may be interrupted at our discretion in order to serve customers who have firm service contracts. We do not have an obligation to perform under interruptible customer arrangements until we accept and schedule the customer’s request for periodic service. The customer pays a transaction price on a fee-based per-unit rate for the quantities actually transported or injected into/withdrawn from storage.

Natural Gas and NGL Sales Contracts

Our sales and purchases of natural gas and NGL are primarily accounted for on a gross basis as natural gas sales or product sales, as applicable, and cost of sales. These customer contracts generally provide for the customer to nominate a specified quantity of commodity products to be delivered and sold to the customers at specified delivery points. The customer pays a transaction price typically based on a market indexed per-unit rate for the quantities sold.

Gathering and Processing Contracts

We provide various types of gathering and processing services for producers, including receiving, processing, compressing, transporting and re-delivering quantities of natural gas made available to us by producers to a specified delivery location. This integrated service can be firm if subject to a minimum volume commitment or acreage dedication or non-firm when offered on an as requested, non-guaranteed basis. In our gathering contracts we generally promise to provide the contracted integrated services each day over the life of the contract. The customer pays a transaction price typically based on a per-unit rate for the quantities actually gathered and/or processed, including amounts attributable to deficiency quantities associated with minimum volume contracts.

Products Pipelines Segment

We provide crude oil and refined petroleum transportation and storage services on a firm or non-firm basis. For our firm transportation service, we typically promise to transport on a stand-ready basis the customer’s minimum volume commitment amount. The customer is obligated to pay for its volume commitment amount, regardless of whether or not it flows volumes into our pipeline. The customer pays a transaction price typically based on a per-unit rate for quantities transported, including amounts attributable to deficiency quantities. Our firm storage service generally includes a fixed monthly fee for the portion of storage capacity reserved by the customer and a per-unit rate for actual quantities injected into/withdrawn from storage. The customer is obligated to pay the fixed monthly reservation fee, regardless of whether or not it uses our storage facility (i.e., take-or-pay payment obligation). Non-firm transportation and storage service is provided to our customers when and to the extent we determine the requested capacity is available in our pipeline system and/or terminal storage facility. The customer typically pays a per-unit rate for actual quantities of product injected into/withdrawn from storage and/or transported.

We sell transmix, crude oil or other commodity products. The customer’s contracts generally include a specified quantity of commodity products to be delivered and sold to the customers at specified delivery points. The customer pays a transaction price typically based on a market indexed per-unit rate for the quantities sold.

Terminals Segment

We provide various types of liquid tank and bulk terminal services. These services are generally comprised of inbound, storage and outbound handling of customer products.

Liquids Tank Services

Firm Storage and Handling Contracts: We have liquids tank storage and handling service contracts that include a promised tank storage capacity provision and prepaid volume throughput of the stored product. In these contracts, we have a stand-ready obligation to perform this contracted service each day over the life of the contract. The customer pays a transaction price typically in the form of a fixed monthly charge and is obligated to pay whether or not it uses the storage capacity and throughput service (i.e., a take-or-pay payment obligation). These contracts generally include a per-unit rate for any quantities we handle at the request of the customer in excess of the prepaid volume throughput amount and also typically include per-unit rates for additional, ancillary services that may be periodically requested by the customer.

Firm Handling Contracts: For our firm handling service contracts, we typically promise to handle on a stand-ready basis throughput volumes up to the customer’s minimum volume commitment amount. The customer is obligated to pay for its minimum volume commitment amount, regardless of whether or not it used the handling service. The customer pays a transaction price typically based on a per-unit rate for volumes handled, including amounts attributable to deficiency quantities.

Bulk Services

Our bulk storage and handling contracts generally include inbound handling of our customers’ dry bulk material product (e.g. petcoke, metals, ores) into our storage facility and outbound handling of these products from our storage facility. These services are provided on both a firm and non-firm basis. In our firm bulk storage and handling contracts, we are committed to handle and store on a stand-ready basis the minimum throughput quantity of bulk materials contracted by the customer. In some cases, the customer is obligated to pay for its minimum volume commitment amount, regardless of whether or not it uses the storage and handling service. The customer pays a transaction price typically based on a per-unit rate for quantities handled, including amounts attributable to deficiency quantities. For non-firm storage and handling services, the customer pays a transaction price typically based on a per-unit rate for quantities handled on an as requested, non-guaranteed basis.

CO₂ Segment

Our crude oil, NGL, CO₂ and natural gas production customer sales contracts typically include a specified quantity and quality of commodity product to be delivered and sold to the customer at a specified delivery point. The customer pays a transaction price typically based on a market indexed per-unit rate for the quantities sold.

Kinder Morgan Canada Segment

On August 31, 2018, the assets comprising the Kinder Morgan Canada business segment were sold; therefore, this segment will not have revenues on a prospective basis (see Note 3). Prior to the sale of these assets, we provided crude oil and refined petroleum transportation services generally as described above for non-firm, interruptible transportation services in our

Products Pipelines business segment. The TMPL regulated tariff was designed to provide revenues sufficient to recover the costs of providing transportation services to shippers, including a return on invested capital. TMPL’s revenue was adjusted according to terms prescribed in our toll settlement with shippers as approved by the National Energy Board (NEB). Differences between transportation revenue recognized pursuant to our toll settlement and actual toll receipts were recognized as regulatory assets or liabilities and settled through future tolls.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables present our revenues disaggregated by revenue source and type of revenue for each revenue source (in millions):



	Year ended December 31, 2019
	Natural Gas Pipelines		Products Pipelines		Terminals		CO₂		Corporate and Eliminations			Total
Revenues from contracts with customers(a)
Services
Firm services(b)	$	3,549	$	319	$	1,012	$	1	$	(4	)	$	4,877
Fee-based services	780		1,016		560		60		—			2,416
Total services	4,329		1,335		1,572		61		(4		)	7,293
Commodity sales
Natural gas sales	2,603		—		—		1		(9		)	2,595
Product sales	805		289		20		1,111		(33		)	2,192
Total commodity sales	3,408		289		20		1,112		(42		)	4,787
Total revenues from contracts with customers	7,737		1,624		1,592		1,173		(46		)	12,080
Other revenues(c)	433		207		442		46		1			1,129
Total revenues	$	8,170	$	1,831	$	2,034	$	1,219	$	(45	)	$	13,209



	Year ended December 31, 2018
	Natural Gas Pipelines		Products Pipelines		Terminals		CO₂			Kinder Morgan Canada(d)		Corporate and Eliminations			Total
Revenues from contracts with customers(a)
Services
Firm services(b)	$	3,387	$	376	$	983	$	2		$	—	$	(2	)	$	4,746
Fee-based services	692		956		584		67			167		—			2,466
Total services	4,079		1,332		1,567		69			167		(2		)	7,212
Commodity sales
Natural gas sales	3,327		—		—		2			—		(11		)	3,318
Product sales	1,190		393		20		1,222			—		(37		)	2,788
Total commodity sales	4,517		393		20		1,224			—		(48		)	6,106
Total revenues from contracts with customers	8,596		1,725		1,587		1,293			167		(50		)	13,318
Other revenues(c)	259		162		440		(38		)	3		—			826
Total revenues	$	8,855	$	1,887	$	2,027	$	1,255		$	170	$	(50	)	$	14,144

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(a)	Differences between the revenue classifications presented on the consolidated statements of income and the categories for the disaggregated revenues by type of revenue above are primarily attributable to revenues reflected in the “Other revenues” category above (see note (c) below).


(b)	Includes non-cancellable firm service customer contracts with take-or-pay or minimum volume commitment elements, including those contracts where both the price and quantity amount are fixed. Excludes service contracts with indexed-based pricing, which along with revenues from other customer service contracts are reported as Fee-based services.


(c)	Amounts recognized as revenue under guidance prescribed in Topics of the Accounting Standards Codification other than in Topic 606 and primarily include leases of $951 million and $868 million and derivatives of $49 million and $(133) million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See Notes 14 for additional information related to our derivatives.


(d)	On August 31, 2018, the assets comprising the Kinder Morgan Canada business segment were sold; therefore, this segment does not have results of operations on a prospective basis (see Note 3).

Contract Balances

Contract assets and contract liabilities are the result of timing differences between revenue recognition, billings and cash collections. We recognize contract assets in those instances where billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, and our right to invoice the customer is conditioned on something other than the passage of time. Our contract assets are substantially related to breakage revenue associated with our firm service contracts with minimum volume commitment payment obligations and contracts where we apply revenue levelization (i.e., contracts with fixed rates per volume that increase over the life of the contract for which we record revenue ratably per unit over the life of the contract based on our performance obligations that are generally unchanged over the life of the contract). Our contract liabilities are substantially related to (i) capital improvements paid for in advance by certain customers generally in our non-regulated businesses, which we subsequently recognize as revenue on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the related customer contracts; (ii) consideration received from customers for temporary deficiency quantities under minimum volume contracts that we expect will be made up in a future period, which we subsequently recognize as revenue when the customer makes up the volumes or the likelihood that the customer will exercise its right for deficiency volumes becomes remote (e.g., there is insufficient capacity to make up the volumes, the deficiency makeup period expires); and (iii) contracts with fixed rates per volume that decrease over the life of the contract where we apply revenue levelization for amounts received for our future performance obligations.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, our contract asset balances were $27 million and $24 million, respectively. Of the contract asset balance at December 31, 2018, $31 million was transferred to accounts receivable during the year ended December 31. 2019. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, our contract liability balances were $232 million and $292 million, respectively. Of the contract liability balance at December 31, 2018, $68 million was recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2019 our contract liability balance was reduced by $52 million due to the KML and U.S. Cochin Sale.

Revenue Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

The following table presents our estimated revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations for contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, representing our “contractually committed” revenue as of December 31, 2019 that we will invoice or transfer from contract liabilities and recognize in future periods (in millions):



Year	Estimated Revenue
2020	$	4,399
2021	3,752
2022	3,099
2023	2,510
2024	2,181
Thereafter	13,301
Total	$	29,242

Our contractually committed revenue, for purposes of the tabular presentation above, is generally limited to service or commodity sale customer contracts which have fixed pricing and fixed volume terms and conditions, generally including contracts with take-or-pay or minimum volume commitment payment obligations. Our contractually committed revenue amounts generally exclude, based on the following practical expedients that we elected to apply, remaining performance obligations for: (i) contracts with index-based pricing or variable volume attributes in which such variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation and (ii) contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.