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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
__________________________
Form 10-Q
__________________________
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended April 30, 2024
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For transition period from to .
Commission File Number 001-38553.

DOMO, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
__________________________
Delaware
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
27-3687433
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
802 East 1050 South
American Fork, UT 84003
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(801) 899-1000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
__________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001 per shareDOMOThe Nasdaq Global Market
__________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes  No
As of June 3, 2024, there were approximately 3,263,659 shares of the registrant's Class A common stock and 34,911,044 shares of the registrant's Class B common stock outstanding.



TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Item 6. Other Information
Item 6. Exhibits
Signatures



SUMMARY RISK FACTORS
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, as described further in the section of this report captioned “Risk Factors,” which may cause us not to realize the full benefits of our strengths or may cause us to be unable to successfully execute all or part of our strategy. Some of the most significant challenges and risks include the following:

we have a history of losses, and we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve or maintain profitability in the future;
we have been growing and expect to continue to invest in our growth for the foreseeable future, and if we fail to manage this growth effectively, our business and operating results will be adversely affected;
our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited, and if we fail to raise capital when needed in the future, we could be prevented from growing or could be forced to delay or eliminate product development efforts or other operations;
adverse events or perceptions affecting the financial services industry could adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and prospects;
if we are unable to attract new customers in a manner that is cost-effective, our revenue growth could be slower than we expect and our business may be harmed;
if customers do not renew their contracts with us or reduce their use of our platform, our revenue will decline and our operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected;
if customers do not expand their use of our platform or adopt additional use cases, our growth prospects, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected;
we face intense competition, and we may not be able to compete effectively, which could reduce demand for our platform and adversely affect our business, growth, revenue and market share;
if our or our customers’ access to data becomes limited, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected;
if we fail to effectively align, develop and expand our sales and marketing capabilities with our new pricing structure and increase sales efficiency, our ability to increase our customer base and increase acceptance of our platform could be harmed;
we have experienced management and board turnover, which creates uncertainties and could harm our business;
we are subject to governmental laws, regulation and other legal obligations, particularly those related to privacy, data protection and information security, and any actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could impair our efforts to maintain and expand our customer base, causing our growth to be limited and harming our business;
if our network, application, or computer systems are breached or unauthorized access to customer data or other sensitive data is otherwise obtained, our platform may be perceived as insecure and we may lose existing customers or fail to attract new customers, operations may be disrupted if systems or data become unavailable, our reputation may be damaged and we may incur significant remediation costs or liabilities, including regulatory fines for violation of compliance requirements;
third-party claims that we are infringing or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of others, whether successful or not, could subject us to costly and time-consuming litigation or require us to obtain expensive licenses, and our business could be harmed;
the success of our business depends in part on our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights;
the dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with Joshua G. James, our founder and chief executive officer, which will limit your ability to influence the outcome of important transactions, including a change in control; and
economic uncertainties or downturns could materially adversely affect our business.



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
Domo, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)
 As of January 31,As of April 30,
 20242024
Assets
Current assets:
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$60,939 $61,158 
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $3,711 and $2,384 as of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, respectively
67,197 47,848 
Contract acquisition costs, net16,006 15,403 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets9,602 9,760 
Total current assets153,744 134,169 
Property and equipment, net27,003 27,240 
Right-of-use assets11,746 11,709 
Contract acquisition costs, noncurrent, net19,542 17,733 
Intangible assets, net2,740 2,550 
Goodwill9,478 9,478 
Other assets1,407 1,525 
Total assets$225,660 $204,404 
Liabilities and stockholders' deficit
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$4,313 $10,867 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities43,430 41,139 
Lease liabilities 4,807 5,385 
Deferred revenue185,250 170,813 
Total current liabilities237,800 228,204 
Lease liabilities, noncurrent11,135 10,319 
Deferred revenue, noncurrent2,736 2,566 
Other liabilities, noncurrent14,001 12,673 
Long-term debt113,534 114,123 
Total liabilities379,206 367,885 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders' deficit:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 10,000 shares authorized as of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024; no shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024
  
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 3,264 shares authorized as of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024; 3,264 shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024
3 3 
Class B common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 500,000 shares authorized as of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024; 33,656 and 34,911 shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, respectively
34 35 
Additional paid-in capital1,252,200 1,268,517 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(180)(426)
Accumulated deficit(1,405,603)(1,431,610)
Total stockholders' deficit(153,546)(163,481)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit$225,660 $204,404 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
1


Domo, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)
 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024
Revenue: 
Subscription$71,090 $72,110 
Professional services and other8,368 7,993 
Total revenue79,458 80,103 
Cost of revenue:
Subscription10,612 12,775 
Professional services and other7,957 7,939 
Total cost of revenue18,569 20,714 
Gross profit60,889 59,389 
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing43,162 42,219 
Research and development23,435 22,719 
General and administrative14,001 15,901 
Total operating expenses80,598 80,839 
Loss from operations(19,709)(21,450)
Other expense, net(4,495)(4,431)
Loss before income taxes(24,204)(25,881)
Provision for income taxes199 126 
Net loss$(24,403)$(26,007)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.69)$(0.69)
Weighted-average number of shares used in
computing net loss per share, basic and diluted
35,222 37,482 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2


Domo, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024
Net loss$(24,403)$(26,007)
Foreign currency translation adjustments180 (246)
Comprehensive loss$(24,223)$(26,253)
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3


Domo, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit
(in thousands, except share amounts)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended April 30, 2023
Class A Common StockClass B Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Stockholders'
Deficit
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance as of January 31, 20233,263,659 $3 31,572,826 $32 $1,183,921 $(322)$(1,330,034)$(146,400)
Vesting of restricted stock units— — 704,314 — — — — — 
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan— — 169,801 — 2,032 — — 2,032 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — 17,422 — — 17,422 
Other comprehensive income— — — — — 180 — 180 
Net loss— — — — — — (24,403)(24,403)
Balance as of April 30, 20233,263,659 $3 32,446,941 $32 $1,203,375 $(142)$(1,354,437)$(151,169)
Three Months Ended April 30, 2024
Class A Common StockClass B Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Stockholders'
Deficit
SharesAmountSharesAmount
Balance as of January 31, 20243,263,659 $3 33,655,756 $34 $1,252,200 $(180)$(1,405,603)$(153,546)
Vesting of restricted stock units— — 1,111,795 1 — — — 1 
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan— — 143,206 — 1,121 — — 1,121 
Stock-based compensation expense— — — — 15,196 — — 15,196 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — (246)— (246)
Net loss— — — — — — (26,007)(26,007)
Balance as of April 30, 20243,263,659 $3 34,910,757 $35 $1,268,517 $(426)$(1,431,610)$(163,481)
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4


Domo, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended April 30,
20232024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss$(24,403)$(26,007)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization1,491 2,356 
Non-cash lease expense1,149 1,080 
Amortization of contract acquisition costs4,568 4,301 
Stock-based compensation expense16,472 14,142 
Remeasurement of warrant liability (566)
Other, net1,517 1,058 
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net22,068 19,349 
Contract acquisition costs(3,073)(1,995)
Prepaid expenses and other(1,397)(345)
Accounts payable1,490 6,678 
Operating lease liabilities(1,597)(1,280)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities(8,298)(2,263)
Deferred revenue(9,159)(14,607)
Net cash provided by operating activities828 1,901 
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment(3,576)(2,526)
Net cash used in investing activities(3,576)(2,526)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from shares issued in connection with employee stock purchase plan2,032 1,121 
Net cash provided by financing activities2,032 1,121 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash204 (277)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(512)219 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period66,500 60,939 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period$65,988 $61,158 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds$123 $837 
Cash paid for interest$2,950 $3,226 
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained for lease liabilities$297 $1,050 
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and lease liabilities$136 $110 
Stock-based compensation capitalized as internal-use software$490 $537 
Issuance of warrants in connection with credit facility$ $2,222 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5



Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

1. Overview and Basis of Presentation
Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Domo, Inc. (the Company) provides a cloud-based platform that digitally connects everyone from the CEO to the frontline employee with all the data, systems and people in an organization, giving them access to real-time data and insights and allowing them to put data to work for everyone so they can multiply their impact on the business. The Company is incorporated in Delaware. The Company's headquarters is located in American Fork, Utah and the Company has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, New Zealand, Canada, and India.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31.
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of April 30, 2024, and the condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders' deficit, and cash flows for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024 are unaudited. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments necessary to state fairly the Company's financial position as of April 30, 2024 and its results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024. The financial data and the other financial information disclosed in the notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements related to the three-month periods are also unaudited. The results of operations for the three months ended April 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2025 or for any other future year or interim period.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto as of and for the year ended January 31, 2024, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions that its management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s estimates and judgments include the determination of standalone selling prices for the Company’s services, which are used to determine revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple performance obligations; the amortization period for deferred contract acquisition costs; valuation of the Company’s stock-based compensation and related service period; useful lives of fixed assets; the fair value of warrants; capitalization and estimated useful life of internal-use software; the incremental borrowing rate used to calculate the present value of capitalized leases; evaluation for impairment of long-lived and intangible assets including goodwill; and the allowance for doubtful accounts and expected credit losses.
Foreign Currency
The functional currencies of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are the respective local currencies. The cumulative effect of translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period is included in accumulated other comprehensive income within the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the cumulative foreign translation adjustment are reported in the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficit and the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are remeasured at the end of the period and when the related receivable or payable is settled, which may result in transaction gains or losses. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in other expense, net in the condensed
6


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
1. Overview and Basis of Presentation (Continued)
consolidated statements of operations. All assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period, and equity balances are translated using historical exchange rates.
Segment Information
The Company operates as one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, money market funds and highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity date of 90 days or less from the date of purchase. The fair value of cash equivalents approximated their carrying value as of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024. Restricted cash relates to an outstanding letter of credit established in conjunction with an amendment to an existing lease agreement.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount (net of allowance), do not require collateral, and do not bear interest. The Company’s payment terms generally provide that customers pay within 30 days of the invoice date. 
The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts and expected credit losses for amounts the Company does not expect to collect. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses, current market conditions, customers’ financial condition and credit quality, the age of the receivables, and current payment patterns. Account balances are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.
Contract Acquisition Costs
Contract acquisition costs, net are stated at cost net of accumulated amortization and primarily consist of deferred sales commissions, which are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Contract acquisition costs for initial contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit, which the Company has determined to be approximately four years. The period of benefit is determined by taking into consideration contractual terms, expected customer life, changes in the Company's technology and other factors. Contract acquisition costs for renewal contracts are not commensurate with contract acquisition costs for initial contracts and are recorded as expense when incurred if the period of benefit is one year or less. If the period of benefit is greater than one year, costs are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit, which the Company has determined to be two years. Contract acquisition costs related to professional services and other performance obligations with a period of benefit of one year or less are recorded as expense when incurred. Amortization of contract acquisition costs is included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Amortization expense related to contract acquisition costs was $4.6 million and $4.3 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively. There was no impairment charge in relation to contract acquisition costs for the periods presented.
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or over the related lease terms (if shorter). Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
7


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:
Computer equipment and software
2-3 years
Furniture, vehicles and office equipment
3 years
Leasehold improvementsShorter of remaining lease term or estimated useful life
Leases
At the inception of a contract, the Company determines whether the contract is or contains a lease. Leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities. The Company has elected the short-term leases practical expedient which allows any leases with a term of 12 months or less to be considered short-term and thus not have an ROU asset or lease liability recognized on the balance sheet.
ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As these leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term and amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made in advance of lease expense and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Certain lease terms include options to terminate or extend the lease for periods of one to three years. The Company does not include these optional periods in its minimum lease terms or in the determination of the ROU assets and lease liabilities associated with these leases unless the options are reasonably certain to be exercised. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ROU assets are subject to evaluation for impairment or disposal on a basis consistent with other long-lived assets.
The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components which the Company has elected to account for as a single lease component. On the lease commencement date, the Company establishes assets and liabilities for the present value of estimated future costs to retire long-lived assets at the termination or expiration of a lease. Such assets are depreciated over the lease term to operating expense.
Capitalized Internal-Use Software Costs
The Company capitalizes certain costs related to development of its platform incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Maintenance and training costs are also expensed as incurred. Capitalized costs are included in property and equipment.
Capitalized internal-use software is amortized generally as subscription cost of revenue, with a smaller portion related to operations amortized as research and development within operating expenses. All capitalized internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three years. Management evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but rather tested for impairment at least annually on November 1 or more often if and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives.
Goodwill is tested for impairment based on reporting units. The Company periodically reevaluates the business and has determined that it continues to operate in one segment, which is also considered the sole reporting unit. Therefore, goodwill is tested for impairment at the consolidated level.
8


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, finite-lived intangible assets, and ROU assets for impairment whenever an event or change in facts and circumstances indicates that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated. If the carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, the assets are determined to be impaired and an impairment charge is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value.
There was no goodwill acquired and no impairment charges for goodwill during the periods presented.
Revenue Recognition
The Company derives revenue primarily from subscription revenue, which consists of subscription-based agreements and, to a lesser extent, consumption-based agreements for its cloud-based platform. The Company also sells professional services. Revenue is recognized when control of these services is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services, net of sales taxes.
For sales through channel partners, the Company considers the channel partner to be the end customer for the purposes of revenue recognition as the Company's contractual relationships with channel partners do not depend on the sale of the Company's services to their customers and payment from the channel partner is not contingent on receiving payment from their customers. The Company's contractual relationships with channel partners do not allow returns, rebates, or price concessions.
Pricing is generally fixed at contract inception and therefore, the Company's contracts do not contain a significant amount of variable consideration.
Revenue recognition is determined through the following steps:
Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer
Identification of the performance obligations in the contract
Determination of the transaction price
Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
Recognition of revenue when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied
Subscription Revenue
Revenue from subscription-based agreements primarily consists of fees paid by customers to access the Company’s cloud-based platform, including support services. The majority of the Company's subscription-based agreements have multi-year contractual terms and a smaller percentage have annual contractual terms. Revenue is recognized ratably over the related contractual term beginning on the date that the platform is made available to a customer. Access to the platform represents a series of distinct services as the Company continually provides access to and fulfills its obligation to the end customer over the subscription term. The series of distinct services represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. The Company recognizes revenue ratably because the customer receives and consumes the benefits of the platform throughout the contract period. The Company's contracts are generally non-cancelable. Consumption-based agreements utilize a tiered-pricing structure for an annual purchase commitment based upon an estimated volume of usage. Revenue from the annual purchase commitment in consumption-based contracts is also recognized ratably over the related contractual term of the contract. Amounts for the annual purchase commitments do not carry over beyond each annual commitment period.
Professional Services and Other Revenue
Professional services revenue consists of implementation services sold with new subscriptions as well as professional services sold separately. Other revenue includes training and education. Professional services arrangements are billed in
9


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
advance, and revenue from these arrangements is recognized as the services are provided, generally based on hours incurred. Training and education revenue is also recognized as the services are provided.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
Most of the Company's contracts with new customers contain multiple performance obligations, generally consisting of subscriptions and professional services. For these contracts, individual performance obligations are accounted for separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices are determined based on historical standalone selling prices, taking into consideration overall pricing objectives, market conditions and other factors, including contract value, customer demographics, platform tier, and the number and types of users within the contract.
Deferred Revenue
The Company's contracts are typically billed annually in advance. Deferred revenue includes amounts collected or billed in excess of revenue recognized. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue as the related performance obligations are satisfied. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded as a current liability and the remaining portion is recorded as a noncurrent liability.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of subscription revenue consists primarily of third-party hosting services and data center capacity; employee-related costs directly associated with cloud infrastructure and customer support personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation; amortization expense associated with capitalized software development costs; depreciation expense associated with computer equipment and software; certain fees paid to various third parties for the use of their technology and services; and allocated overhead. Allocated overhead includes items such as information technology infrastructure, rent, and employee benefit costs.
Cost of professional services and other revenue consists primarily of employee-related costs associated with these services, including stock-based compensation; third-party consultant fees; and allocated overhead.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $3.0 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs for the design and development of the Company's platform, contractor costs to supplement staff levels, third-party web services, consulting services, and allocated overhead. Research and development expenses, other than software development costs qualifying for capitalization, are expensed as incurred.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has granted stock-based awards, consisting of stock options and restricted stock units, to its employees, certain consultants and certain members of its board of directors. The Company records stock-based compensation based on the grant date fair value of the awards, which include stock options and restricted stock units, and recognizes the fair value of those awards as expense using the straight-line method over the requisite service period of the award.
For restricted stock units that contain market conditions, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation based on the estimated grant date fair value of market condition awards using a Monte Carlo simulation, and the awards are expensed over the service period using an accelerated attribution method.
Stock-based compensation expense related to purchase rights issued under the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (ESPP) is based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model fair value of the estimated number of awards as of the
10


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
beginning of the offering period. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the offering period.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, the Company recognizes a liability or asset for the deferred income tax consequences of all temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. These deferred income tax assets or liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to affect taxable income.
Valuation allowances are provided when it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred income tax assets may not be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company has considered its historical levels of income, expectations of future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies. Because of the uncertainty of the realization of its deferred tax assets, the Company has a full valuation allowance for domestic net deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards, and tax credits related primarily to research and development. Realization of its deferred tax assets is dependent primarily upon future U.S. taxable income.
Tax positions are recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements when it is more-likely-than-not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties related to income taxes, including uncertain tax positions, is to record such items as a component of the provision for income taxes.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and accounts receivable. Cash denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar represented 28% and 22% of total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, respectively.
The Company maintains its cash accounts with financial institutions where, at times, deposits exceed federal insured limits. The Company may invest its excess cash in money market funds, certificates of deposit, or in short-term investments consisting of highly-rated debt securities.
No single customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024 or more than 10% of accounts receivable as of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024.
The Company is primarily dependent upon third parties in order to meet the uptime and performance requirements of its customers. Any disruption of or interference with the Company's use of these third parties would impact operations.
Net Loss per Share
The Company computes net loss per share using the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock and participating securities. The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights, of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock are substantially identical, other than voting rights. Accordingly, the Class A common stock and Class B common stock share equally in the Company’s net losses.
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period increased by common shares that could be issued upon conversion or exercise of other outstanding securities to the extent those additional common shares would be dilutive. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted net loss per share by application of the treasury stock method. During periods when the Company is in a net loss position, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share as the effects of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive.
11


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires additional operating segment disclosures in annual and interim consolidated financial statements. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-07.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disclosures of disaggregated income taxes paid and the effective tax rate reconciliation. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 on a retrospective or prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-09.
3. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):
January 31, 2024
Amortized CostUnrealized GainUnrealized LossEstimated Fair Value
Cash$45,297 $— $— $45,297 
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds11,942 — — 11,942 
Restricted cash(1)
3,700 — — 3,700 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$60,939 $— $— $60,939 
April 30, 2024
Amortized CostUnrealized GainUnrealized LossEstimated Fair Value
Cash$32,323 $— $— $32,323 
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds25,135 — — 25,135 
Restricted cash(1)
3,700 — — 3,700 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$61,158 $— $— $61,158 
(1)Related to an outstanding letter of credit. See Footnote 12 "Commitments and Contingencies" for further details regarding this letter of credit.
4. Fair Value Measurements
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Financial instruments recorded at fair value in the financial statements are categorized as follows:
Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2: Observable inputs, other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
12


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
4. Fair Value Measurements (Continued)
Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting management's assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to determine fair value. These assumptions are required to be consistent with market participant assumptions that are reasonably available.
The following tables summarize the assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024 by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
January 31, 2024
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$11,942 $ $ $11,942 
Total cash equivalents$11,942 $ $ $11,942 
April 30, 2024
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds$25,135 $ $ $25,135 
Total cash equivalents$25,135 $ $ $25,135 
Financial liability:
Warrants
$ $ $1,656 $1,656 
Level 3 instruments consisted of a liability related to warrants to purchase Class B common stock, which were issued in connection with the credit facility. See Note 11 "Debt" for further details surrounding this issuance. The warrant liability was recorded at fair value upon issuance and is remeasured at each subsequent quarterly period end date as long as the warrants are outstanding. Generally, increases (decreases) in the fair value of the underlying stock and estimated term would result in a directionally similar impact to the fair value measurement, and are recognized in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The changes in the fair value of the warrant liability were as follows (in thousands):
Balance as of January 31, 2024$ 
Issuance of Class B common stock warrants2,222 
Decrease in fair value of Class B common stock warrants(566)
Balance as of April 30, 2024$1,656 
The value of the warrant liabilities are estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
Three months ended April 30,
2024
Expected stock price volatility
73% - 79%
Expected term
3.8 - 4.0 years
Risk-free interest rate
4.36% - 4.80%
Expected dividend yield
During the three months ended April 30, 2024, the Company had no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy of its assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
13


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
4. Fair Value Measurements (Continued)
Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash held in banks, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities and are excluded from the fair value tables above.
5. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of January 31,As of April 30,
20242024
Capitalized internal-use software development costs
$55,018$57,014
Computer equipment and software
1,9971,985
Leasehold improvements
3,9494,273
Furniture, vehicles and office equipment
1,1581,636
62,12264,908
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
(35,119)(37,668)
$27,003$27,240
Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment was $1.5 million and $2.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
The Company capitalized $2.6 million and $2.1 million in software development costs during the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Amortization of capitalized software development costs was $1.3 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
6. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of January 31,As of April 30,
20242024
Intellectual property excluding patents
$2,484$2,437
Patents
950950
3,4343,387
Less accumulated amortization
(694)(837)
$2,740$2,550
Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $20,000 and $0.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The patents were acquired and are being amortized over a weighted-average remaining useful life of approximately 3.0 years. Intellectual property excluding patents is being amortized over a remaining useful life of 4.8 years.
14


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
7. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of January 31,As of April 30,
20242024
Accrued expenses
$16,284 $20,357 
Accrued payroll and benefits
4,541 3,583 
Accrued commissions
4,677 3,071 
Accrued bonus
8,057 2,548 
Accrued payroll taxes
2,475 2,240 
Employee stock purchase plan liability
1,826 1,782 
Sales and other taxes payable
1,339 610 
Other accrued liabilities
4,231 6,948 
$43,430$41,139
8. Leases
The Company leases office space under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through 2027. These leases require monthly lease payments that may be subject to annual increases throughout the lease term.
Components of lease expense are summarized as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended April 30,
20232024
Operating lease expense$1,634 $1,492 
Short-term lease expense265 288 
Total lease expense$1,899$1,780
Lease term and discount rate information are summarized as follows:
As of April 30, 2024
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)2.9
Weighted average discount rate10.7%
15


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
8. Leases (Continued)
Maturities of lease liabilities as of April 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending January 31:
2025(1)
$4,984
20266,042
20275,417
20281,797
Total lease payments18,240
Less imputed interest(2,536)
Present value of lease liabilities$15,704
(1)Net of $0.2 million of tenant improvements which are expected to be utilized in fiscal 2025.
Cash paid for operating leases was $1.7 million and $1.7 million during the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and was included in net cash used in operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
The Company has entered into sublease agreements with various expiration dates through 2027. Under these agreements, the Company expects to receive sublease income of approximately $6.0 million as of April 30, 2024. Sublease income was $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024.
9. Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations
Deferred Revenue
Significant changes in the Company's deferred revenue balance for the three months ended April 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):
Balance as of January 31, 2024$187,986 
Revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period(67,508)
Increase due to billings excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period52,901 
Balance as of April 30, 2024$173,379 
Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations
Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations represents the remaining amount of revenue the Company expects to recognize from existing non-cancelable contracts, whether billed or unbilled. As of April 30, 2024, approximately $329.2 million of revenue was expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for subscription contracts. The Company expects to recognize approximately $215.7 million of this amount during the twelve months following April 30, 2024, with the balance recognized thereafter. As of April 30, 2024, approximately $17.1 million of revenue was expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for professional services and other contracts, $14.8 million of which is expected to be recognized during the twelve months following April 30, 2024, and the balance recognized thereafter.
16


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
10. Geographic Information
Revenue by geographic area is determined by the billing address of the customer. The following table sets forth revenue by geographic area (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024
United States$63,000 $63,981 
International16,458 16,122 
Total$79,458 $80,103 
Percentage of revenue by geographic area:
United States79 %80 %
International21 %20 %
Other than the United States, no other individual country exceeded 10% of total revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024. As of April 30, 2024, substantially all of the Company’s property and equipment was located in the United States.
11. Debt
Credit Facility
The Company has a credit facility that permits up to $100.0 million in term loan borrowings, all of which had been drawn as of April 30, 2024. The credit facility is secured by substantially all of the Company's assets.
In February 2024, the Company entered into an amendment to the credit facility which extended the maturity date for the outstanding loan from April 1, 2025 to April 1, 2026 and made certain modifications to the financial covenants. In conjunction with this amendment, the Company issued fully-vested warrants to purchase Class B common stock. See Note 13 "Stockholders' Deficit" for further details regarding Class B common stock warrants. Warrants issued in connection with the credit facility were recorded as an increase to other accrued liabilities with a corresponding increase to debt issuance costs. Related interest expense is recognized in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations using the effective interest method.
The credit facility requires interest-only payments on a portion of the accrued interest until the maturity date. This payable portion of the interest accrues on the outstanding principal of the term loan and is due in cash on a monthly basis, which, as of April 30, 2024, accrued at a floating rate equal to the greater of (1) 7.0% and (2) Adjusted Term SOFR plus 5.5% per year. Adjusted Term SOFR is defined as the greater of (a) 0.0% and (b) Term SOFR plus 0.26161%. In the event that SOFR is unavailable, interest will accrue at a floating rate equal to the greater of (1) 7.0% and (2) the Alternate Base Rate plus 2.75% per year. The Alternate Base Rate is defined as the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate (b) Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.5% and (c) Adjusted Term SOFR. The Federal Funds Effective rate is defined as the rate published by the Federal Reserve System as the overnight rate, or, if such rate is not so published, the average of the quotations for the day for such transaction received by Administrative Agent from three Federal funds brokers. As of April 30, 2024, the interest rate was approximately 11.1%. In addition to the 11.1% interest rate, a fixed rate equal to 2.5% per year accrues on the outstanding principal of the term loan. This capitalized portion of the interest is added to the principal amount of the outstanding term loan on a monthly basis and is due upon maturity. During the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, $0.7 million and $0.7 million of interest was capitalized, respectively.
The credit facility requires a closing fee of $7.0 million to be paid on the earliest of (1) the date the term loan is prepaid, (2) the term loan maturity date, which is April 1, 2026, and (3) the date the term loan becomes due and payable. Additionally, the Company entered into an amendment in August 2020 that included an amendment fee of $5.0 million, which accrues interest at a rate of 9.5% per year and is due upon maturity. Due to the long-term nature of these fees, they were recorded at present value as an increase to other liabilities, noncurrent and an increase to debt issuance costs. These liabilities will be
17


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
11. Debt (Continued)

accreted to their full value over the term of the loan, with such accretion recorded as interest expense in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Debt issuance costs are presented as an offset to the outstanding principal balance of the term loans on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized as interest expense in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the term of the loan using the effective interest rate method.
The balances in long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of January 31,As of April 30,
20242024
Principal$116,336 $117,064 
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs(2,802)(2,941)
Net carrying amount$113,534 $114,123 
The credit facility contains customary conditions to borrowing, events of default and covenants, including covenants that restrict the Company's ability to dispose of assets, make material changes to the nature, control or location of the business, merge with or acquire other entities, incur indebtedness or encumbrances, make distributions to holders of the Company's capital stock, make certain investments or enter into transactions with affiliates. In addition, the Company is required to comply with a minimum annualized recurring revenue financial covenant, tested quarterly. The credit facility defines annualized recurring revenue as four times the Company's aggregate revenue for the immediately preceding quarter (net of recurring discounts and discounts for periods greater than one year) less the annual contract value of any customer contracts pursuant to which the Company was advised during such quarter would not be renewed at the end of the current term plus the annual contract value of existing customer contract increases during such quarter. The Company is also required to comply with a minimum trailing 12-month consolidated EBITDA (as defined by the credit facility) covenant, which is tested quarterly, and adhere to a $15.0 million monthly minimum liquidity covenant. Noncompliance with these covenants, or the occurrence of certain other events specified in the credit facility, could result in an event of default under the loan agreement. If an event of default has occurred and the Company is unable to obtain a waiver, any outstanding principal, interest and fees could become immediately due and payable. The Company was in compliance with the covenant terms of the credit facility on January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024.
The Company incurred interest expense of $4.5 million and $4.7 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
12. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.
The Company is involved in legal proceedings from time to time arising in the normal course of business. Management believes that the outcome of these proceedings will not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.
Warranties and Indemnification
The Company’s subscription services are generally warranted to perform materially in accordance with the terms of the applicable customer service order under normal use and circumstances. Additionally, the Company’s arrangements generally include provisions for indemnifying customers against liabilities if its subscription services infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights. Furthermore, the Company may also incur liabilities if it breaches the security or confidentiality obligations in its arrangements. To date, the Company has not incurred significant costs and has not accrued a liability in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of these obligations.
18


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
12. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)
The Company has entered into service-level agreements with some of its customers defining levels of uptime reliability and performance and permitting those customers to receive credits for prepaid amounts related to unused subscription services if the Company fails to meet certain of the defined service levels. In very limited instances, the Company allows customers to early terminate their agreements if the Company repeatedly or significantly fails to meet those levels. If the Company repeatedly or significantly fails to meet contracted upon service levels, a contract may require a refund of prepaid unused subscription fees. To date, the Company has not experienced any significant failures to meet defined levels of uptime reliability and performance as set forth in its agreements and, as a result, the Company has not accrued any liabilities related to these agreements in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Letter of Credit
In conjunction with a September 2022 amendment to an existing lease agreement, the Company provided a $3.7 million letter of credit to secure the Company’s obligations to pay the landlord for the cost of improvements in excess of the landlord's contribution. No draws have been made on the letter of credit. The letter of credit renewed in September 2023 and expires December 2024. The amount underlying such letter of credit is reflected as restricted cash under cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as of April 30, 2024.
Other Purchase Commitments
The Company has also entered into certain non-cancelable contractual commitments related to cloud infrastructure services in the ordinary course of business. There have been no material changes in these commitments as disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K.
13. Stockholders' Deficit
Preferred Stock
The Company's Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by the Company's stockholders, to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences, and privileges thereof, including voting rights. As of January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, no shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
Common Stock
The Company has two classes of common stock, Class A and Class B. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to 40 votes per share and is convertible at any time into one share of Class B common stock. Each share of Class A common stock will convert automatically into one share of Class B common stock upon any transfer, whether or not for value. Each share of Class B common stock is entitled to one vote per share. Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote together as a single class on all matters (including the election of directors) submitted to a vote of stockholders, unless otherwise required by law or the Company's certificate of incorporation. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then-outstanding preferred stock, holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared by the Company's board of directors.
At January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, there were 3,263,659 shares of Class A common stock authorized, issued and outstanding.
At January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, there were 500,000,000 shares of Class B common stock authorized. At January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, there were 33,655,756 and 34,910,757 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.
Class B Common Stock Warrants
In connection with a line of credit signed in July 2016, the Company issued warrants to purchase shares of Class B common stock. As of April 30, 2024, there were 3,333 shares of Class B common stock subject to issuance under outstanding warrants, which are exercisable at $34.35 per share.
19


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
13. Stockholders' Deficit (Continued)
In connection with the credit facility, the Company issued warrants to purchase shares of Class B common stock. As of April 30, 2024, there were 189,036 shares of Class B common stock subject to issuance under outstanding warrants, which are exercisable at $0.01 per share.
14. Equity Incentive Plans
In April 2011, the Company established the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (2011 Plan), which was amended in September 2011 to provide for the issuance of stock options and other stock-based awards. In June 2018, the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (2018 Plan). The 2018 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, stock appreciation rights, performance units, and performance shares to employees, consultants, and members of the Company's board of directors.
The number of shares available for issuance under the 2018 Plan includes an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year equal to the least of: (1) 3,500,000 shares; (2) 5% of the outstanding shares of Class A and Class B common stock as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year; and (3) such other amount as the Company's board of directors may determine no later than the last day of the immediately preceding year. During the three months ended April 30, 2024, the number of shares available for grant under the 2018 Plan was increased by 1,845,970 shares. As of April 30, 2024, there were 4,613,392 shares available for grant under the 2018 Plan.
In connection with the IPO, the 2011 Plan was terminated. With the establishment of the 2018 Plan, the Company no longer grants equity-based awards under the 2011 Plan and any shares that expire, terminate, are forfeited or repurchased by the Company, or are withheld by the Company to cover tax withholding obligations, under the 2011 Plan, will become available for future grant under the 2018 Plan. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to its equity incentive plans as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended April 30,
20232024
Cost of revenue:
Subscription
$618$798
Professional services and other
479333
Sales and marketing
6,7305,314
Research and development
4,9754,422
General and administrative
3,5083,084
Interest expense
162 191 
Total
$16,472 $14,142 
20


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
14. Equity Incentive Plans (Continued)
Stock Options
Stock options typically vest over a four-year period and have a term of ten years from the date of grant. There were no stock options granted during the three months ended April 30, 2023 and April 30, 2024.
The following table sets forth the outstanding common stock options and related activity for the three months ended April 30, 2024:
Shares
Subject to Outstanding Options
Weighted- Average Exercise
Price per Share
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding as of January 31, 2024793,314$26.52 1.0$ 
Expired(28,867)26.44
Outstanding as of April 30, 2024764,447$26.52 0.6$ 
The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $0 million during the three months ended April 30, 2023, and there were no options exercised during the three months ended April 30, 2024. The intrinsic value represents the excess of the market closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of exercise over the exercise price of each option. The intrinsic value of options as of April 30, 2024 is based on the market closing price of the Company's Class B common stock on that date.
As of April 30, 2024, all outstanding stock options were vested and exercisable and stock-based compensation expense related to all outstanding stock options has been recognized.
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock units (RSUs) granted under the Plan primarily vest and settle upon the satisfaction of a service-based condition. The service-based condition for these awards is generally satisfied over three or four years with a cliff vesting period of one or two years and quarterly vesting thereafter. RSUs include performance-based restricted stock units (PSUs), which are subject to a market condition and settle upon the satisfaction of a service-based condition. Disclosures related to RSU activity include the impact of PSUs.
The following table sets forth the outstanding RSUs and related activity for the three months ended April 30, 2024:
Number of Shares Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of January 31, 20244,726,290$25.61 
Granted441,69410.54 
Vested(1,111,795)22.32 
Canceled(64,061)49.03 
Outstanding as of April 30, 20243,992,128$25.25 
As of April 30, 2024, there was $87.1 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding RSUs which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years.
21


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
14. Equity Incentive Plans (Continued)
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In June 2018, the Company's board of directors adopted the ESPP. The number of shares of Class B common stock available for issuance under the ESPP increases on the first day of each fiscal year equal to the least of: (1) 1,050,000 shares of Class B common stock, (2) 1.5% of the outstanding shares of Class A and Class B common stock of the Company on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, and (3) such other amount as the administrator of the ESPP may determine on or before the last day of the immediately preceding year. During the three months ended April 30, 2024, the number of shares available under the ESPP was increased by 553,791 shares. As of April 30, 2024, there were 601,136 shares available under the ESPP.
The ESPP generally provides for consecutive overlapping 12-month offering periods comprising two six-month purchase periods. The offering periods are scheduled to start on the first trading day on or after April 1 and October 1 of each year. The ESPP is intended to qualify as a tax-qualified plan under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code and permits participants to elect to purchase shares of Class B common stock through payroll deductions of up to 25% of their eligible compensation. Under the ESPP, a participant may purchase a maximum of 300 shares during each purchase period.
Amounts deducted and accumulated by the participant will be used to purchase shares of Class B common stock at the end of each purchase period. The purchase price of the shares will be 85% of the lower of the fair market value of Class B common stock on the first trading day of each offering period or the fair market value of Class B common stock on the applicable exercise date. If the fair market value of a share of Class B common stock on the exercise date of an offering period is less than it was on the first trading day of that offering period, participants automatically will be withdrawn from that offering period following their purchase of shares on the exercise date and will be re-enrolled in a new offering period. Participants may end their participation at any time during an offering period and will be paid their accrued contributions that have not yet been used to purchase shares of Class B common stock. Participation ends automatically upon termination of employment.
As of April 30, 2024, a total of approximately 328,820 shares were issuable to employees based on estimated shares available and contribution elections made under the ESPP. Estimated shares available were estimated assuming that the plan will be increased by an amount approximating 1.5% of shares outstanding as of January 31, 2025. As of April 30, 2024, total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to the ESPP was $0.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.8 years.
15. Income Taxes
The Company calculated the year-to-date income tax provision by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to the year-to-date pre-tax income for each applicable jurisdiction and adjusted for discrete tax items in the period. The Company's tax expense was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The income tax for these periods was primarily attributable to foreign and state taxes.
For the periods presented, the difference between the U.S. statutory rate and the Company's effective tax rate is primarily due to the full valuation allowance on its U.S. tax assets. The effective tax rate is also impacted by earnings realized in foreign jurisdictions.
16. Net Loss Per Share
The Company computes net loss per share using the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock and participating securities. The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights, of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock are substantially identical, other than voting rights. Accordingly, the Class A common stock and Class B common stock share equally in the Company’s net losses.
22


Domo, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(unaudited)
16. Net Loss Per Share (Continued)
The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share during the periods presented (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended April 30,
20232024
Class AClass BClass AClass B
Numerator:
Net loss$(2,261)$(22,142)$(2,265)$(23,742)
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of shares used in
computing net loss per share, basic and diluted
3,264 31,958 3,264 34,218 
Net loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.69)$(0.69)$(0.69)$(0.69)
Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share for all periods as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. The weighted-average impact of potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended April 30,
20232024
Options to purchase common stock4  
Restricted stock units68 205 
Employee stock purchase program 37 
Common stock warrants 155 
72 397 

23


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This discussion contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Statements containing words such as “may,” “believe,” “could,” "will,” “seek,” “depends,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “projections,” “business outlook,” “estimate,” or similar expressions constitute forward-looking statements. You should read these statements carefully because they discuss future expectations, contain projections of future results of operations or financial condition or state other “forward-looking” information. These statements relate to our future plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and financial performance and the assumptions that underlie these statements. They include, but are not limited to, statements about:
our ability to attract new customers and retain and expand our relationships with existing customers;
our future financial performance, including our expectations regarding our revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit, operating expenses, key metrics, ability to generate cash flow and ability to achieve and maintain future profitability;
the potential impact on our business transitioning to a consumption-based pricing model;
the anticipated trends, market opportunity, growth rates and challenges in our business and in the business intelligence software market;
the efficacy of our sales and marketing efforts;
our ability to compete successfully in competitive markets;
our ability to respond to and capitalize on rapid technological changes;
our expectations and management of future growth;
our ability to enter new markets and manage our expansion efforts, particularly internationally;
our ability to develop new product features;
our ability to attract and retain key employees and qualified technical and sales personnel;
our ability to effectively and efficiently protect our brand;
our ability to timely scale and adapt our infrastructure;
the effect of general economic and market conditions on our business;
our ability to protect our customers' data and proprietary information;
our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property and not infringe upon others’ intellectual property; and
our ability to comply with all governmental laws, regulations and other legal obligations.
Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this report, including those factors discussed in Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors).
In light of the significant uncertainties and risks inherent in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or anyone else that we will achieve our objectives or plans in any specified time frame, or at all, or as predictions of future events. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
24


Overview
We founded Domo in 2010 with the vision of digitally connecting everyone within the enterprise with real-time, rich, relevant data and then enabling all employees to collaborate and act on that data. We realized that many organizations were unable to access the massive amounts of data that they were collecting in siloed cloud applications and on-premise databases. Furthermore, even for organizations that were capable of accessing their data, the process for doing so was time-consuming, costly, and often resulted in the data being out-of-date by the time it reached decision makers. The delivery format, including alert functionality, and devices were not adequate for the connected and real-time mobile workforce. Based on these observations, it was apparent that all organizations, regardless of size or industry, were failing to unlock the power of all of their people, data, and systems. To address these challenges, we provide a modern cloud-based data experience platform that digitally connects everyone at an organization — from the CEO to frontline employees — with all the people, data, and systems in an organization, giving them access to real-time data and insights and allowing them to put data to work for everyone so they can multiply their impact on the business.
Historically, we have offered our platform to our customers as a subscription-based service. Subscription fees are based upon the chosen Domo package which includes tier-based platform capabilities, or usage. Business leaders, department heads and managers are the typical initial subscribers to our platform, deploying Domo to solve a business problem or to enable departmental access. Over time, as customers recognize the value of our platform, we engage with CIOs and other executives to facilitate broad enterprise adoption.
Our consumption-based service offering continues to expand. Customers of our consumption-based service have an annual purchase commitment based on an estimated volume of usage, utilizing a tiered pricing structure. We believe this model could increase customer adoption and allow us to better land, expand, and retain customers over the long term, and thereby have a positive impact on sales and marketing productivity. We believe this has potential to remove many of the barriers to adoption and better align our pricing to the value delivered to our customers. In our current fiscal quarter, approximately 30% of our subscription revenue was on consumption-based agreements and we expect this percentage to increase in future periods. However, we have limited experience with consumption-based agreements and changes in our pricing and subscription models subject us to a number of uncertainties.

As of April 30, 2024, 64% of our customers were under multi-year contracts on a dollar-weighted basis, compared to 66% of customers as of January 31, 2024. The high percentage revenue from multi-year contracts, among both new and existing customers, has enhanced the predictability of our subscription revenue. We typically invoice our customers annually in advance for subscriptions to our platform.
Remaining performance obligations (RPO) represents the remaining amount of revenue we expect to recognize from existing non-cancelable contracts, whether billed or unbilled. As of April 30, 2023 and 2024, total RPO was $356.7 million and $346.3 million, respectively. The amount of RPO expected to be recognized as revenue in the next twelve months was $237.5 million and $230.5 million as of April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
We had total revenue of $79.5 million and $80.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively, reflecting a year-over-year increase of 1%. For the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue, nor did any single organization when accounting for multiple subsidiaries or divisions which may have been invoiced separately. Revenue from customers with billing addresses in the United States comprised 79% and 80% or our total revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
Notwithstanding our ongoing shift to a consumption-based pricing model, we expect our revenue to be negatively impacted in the near term, due in part to the effects of the macroeconomic environment which has elongated the software sales cycle, increased deal scrutiny, and made renewal discussions more challenging. These factors have had a greater impact on our enterprise customers as evidenced by our declining enterprise revenue, and we expect it to continue to decline in the near term. In response to these dynamics, we have taken and intend to continue to take steps to better align our sales team and focus on controlling costs, which we expect will result in improved margins, sustained positive cash flow and efficient growth in the long term.

We have incurred significant net losses since our inception, including net losses of $24.4 million and $26.0 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $1,431.6 million at April 30, 2024. We expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future and may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability.

25


Impact of Macroeconomic Conditions
Prevailing macroeconomic conditions have impacted, and may continue to impact, our business and those of our customers in a manner that we may not be able to quantify or isolate from other drivers of our performance. Ongoing concerns about the health of the U.S. and global economies may cause certain of our current and potential customers to reduce or delay technology spending or seek payment or other concessions from us, all of which may materially and negatively impact our operating results, financial condition and prospects. The United States has been experiencing historically elevated rates of inflation. The recent inflationary environment may cause us to incur higher operating costs that we may not be able to recoup through the pricing of our platform, and may further contribute to reduced or delayed technology spend by our customers in an effort to mitigate their own rising costs.
Factors Affecting Performance
Continue to Attract New Customers
We believe that our ability to expand our customer base is an important indicator of market penetration, the growth of our business, and future business opportunities. We define a customer at the end of any particular quarter as an entity that generated revenue greater than $2,500 during that quarter. In situations where an organization has multiple subsidiaries or divisions, each entity that is invoiced at a separate billing address is treated as a separate customer. In cases where customers purchase through a reseller, each end customer is counted separately. We define enterprise customers as companies with over $1 billion in revenue, and companies with less than $1 billion in revenue are corporate customers. In order to maintain comparability, companies who become customers with revenue below $1 billion and subsequently exceed that threshold are considered enterprise customers for all periods presented.
As of April 30, 2024, we had over 2,600 customers. For the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, our enterprise customers accounted for 49% and 47% of our revenue, respectively. To drive growth among both our enterprise and corporate customers, we intend to further develop our partner ecosystem by establishing agreements with more software resellers, systems integrators and other partners to provide broader customer and geographic coverage. We believe we are underpenetrated in the overall market and have significant opportunity to expand our customer base over time.
Customer Upsell and Retention
We employ a land, expand, and retain sales model, and our performance depends on our ability to retain customers and expand the use of our platform at existing customers over time. It currently takes multiple years for our customers to fully embrace the power of our platform. We believe that as customers deploy greater volumes and sources of data for multiple use cases, the unique features of our platform can address the needs of everyone within their organization. We are still in the early stages of expanding within many of our customers.
We have invested in platform capabilities and online support resources that allow our customers to expand the use of our platform in a self-guided manner. Our professional services, customer support and customer success functions also support our sales force by helping customers to successfully deploy our platform and implement additional use cases. In addition, we believe our partner ecosystem will become increasingly important over time. We work closely with our customers to drive increased engagement with our platform by identifying new use cases through our customer success teams, as well as in-platform, self-guided experiences. We actively engage with our customers to assess whether they are satisfied and fully realizing the benefits of our platform. While these efforts often require a substantial commitment and upfront costs, we believe our investment in product, customer support, customer success and professional services will create opportunities to expand our customer relationships over time.
Our ability to drive growth and generate incremental revenue depends heavily on our ability to retain our customers and increase their usage of our platform. With that objective in mind, we allocate our customer success and customer support resources to align with maximizing the retention and expansion of our subscription revenue.
An important metric that we use to evaluate our performance in retaining customers is gross retention rate. We calculate our gross retention rate by taking the dollar amount of annual contract value (ACV) that renews in a given period divided by the ACV that was up for renewal in that same period. The ACV of multi-year contracts is also considered in the calculation based on the period in which the annual anniversary of the contract falls. Our trailing twelve month gross retention rate was 88% and 84% as of April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
Our gross retention declined in part due to macroeconomic conditions, challenging renewals from customers with COVID-19 use cases of our platform, and one large non-renewal during the three months ended April 30, 2024. As we
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continue to expand our partner ecosystem and develop methods to encourage wider and more strategic adoptions, we expect that customer retention will increase over the long term. Our ability to successfully upsell and the impact of cancellations may vary from period to period. The extent of this variability depends on a number of factors including the size and timing of upsells and cancellations relative to the initial subscriptions.
Sales and Marketing Efficiency
We are focused on increasing the efficiency of our sales force and marketing activities by enhancing account targeting, messaging, field sales operations and sales training in order to accelerate the adoption of our platform. Our sales strategy depends on our ability to continue to attract and retain top talent, to increase our pipeline of business, and to enhance sales productivity. We focus on productivity per quota-carrying sales representative and the time it takes our sales representatives to reach full productivity.
We manage our pipeline by sales representative to ensure sufficient coverage of our sales targets. Our ability to manage our sales productivity and pipeline are important factors to the success of our business. We have taken steps to better align our sales and marketing spending and headcount to efficiently grow and attract new customers.
Sales and marketing expense as a percentage of total revenue was 54% for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to 53% for the three months ended April 30, 2024.
Leverage Research and Development Investments for Future Growth
We plan to continue to make investments in areas of our business to continue to expand our platform functionality. This may include investing in machine learning algorithms, predictive analytics, and other artificial intelligence technologies to create alerts, detect anomalies, optimize queries, and suggest areas of interest to help people focus on what matters most. These investments may also include extending the functionality and effectiveness of our platform through improvements to the Domo Appstore and developer toolkits, which enable customers and partners to quickly build and deploy custom applications. The amount of new investments as a percentage of revenue required to achieve our plans is expected to increase slightly in the near term then remain consistent in the near term.
Research and development expense as a percentage of total revenue was 29% for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to 28% for the three months ended April 30, 2024.
Key Business Metric
Billings
Billings represent our total revenue plus the change in deferred revenue in a period. Billings reflect sales to new customers plus subscription renewals and upsells to existing customers, and represent amounts invoiced for subscription, support and professional services. We typically invoice our customers annually in advance for subscriptions to our platform. Because we generate most of our revenue from customers who are invoiced on an annual basis and have a wide range of annual contract values, we may experience variability due to typical enterprise buying patterns and timing of large initial contracts, renewals and upsells.
The following table sets forth our billings for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024:
 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024
Billings (in thousands)$70,299 $65,496 
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We derive our revenue primarily from subscription revenue, which consists of subscription-based agreements and, to a lesser extent, consumption-based agreements for our cloud-based platform. We also sell professional services.
Revenue from subscription-based agreements is a function of customers, platform tier, number of users, price per user, and transaction and data volumes. Revenue is recognized ratably over the related contractual term beginning on the date that the platform is made available to a customer. We recognize revenue ratably because the customer receives and consumes the
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benefits of the platform throughout the contract period. Consumption-based agreements utilize a tiered pricing structure for an annual purchase commitment based upon an estimated volume of usage. Revenue from the annual purchase commitment in consumption-based contracts is also recognized ratably over the related contractual term of the contract. Amounts for the annual purchase commitments do not carry over beyond each annual commitment period.
Professional services and other revenue primarily consists of implementation services sold with new subscriptions, as well as professional services sold separately, including training and education. Professional services are generally billed in advance and revenue from these arrangements is recognized as the services are performed. Our professional services engagements typically span from a few weeks to several months.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of subscription revenue consists primarily of third-party hosting services and data center capacity; salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, or employee-related costs, directly associated with cloud infrastructure and customer support personnel; amortization expense associated with capitalized software development costs; depreciation expense associated with computer equipment and software; certain fees paid to various third parties for the use of their technology and services; and allocated overhead. Allocated overhead includes items such as information technology infrastructure, rent, and certain employee benefit costs.
Cost of professional services and other revenue consists primarily of employee-related costs directly associated with these services, third-party consultant fees, and allocated overhead.
Operating Expenses
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs directly associated with our sales and marketing staff and commissions. Other sales and marketing costs include digital marketing programs and promotional events to promote our brand, including Domopalooza, our annual user conference, as well as tradeshows, advertising and allocated overhead. Contract acquisition costs, including sales commissions, are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit, which we have determined to be approximately four years for initial contracts. Contract acquisition costs related to renewal contracts and professional services are recorded as expense when incurred if the period of benefit is one year or less. If the period of benefit is greater than one year, costs are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit, which we have determined to be two years.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs for the design and development of our platform, contractor costs to supplement staff levels, third-party web services, consulting services, and allocated overhead. Our cycle of frequent updates has facilitated rapid innovation and the introduction of new product features throughout our history. We capitalize certain software development costs that are attributable to developing new features and adding incremental functionality to our platform, and amortize such costs as costs of subscription revenue over the estimated life of the new feature or incremental functionality, which is generally three years.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist of employee-related costs for executive, finance, legal, human resources, recruiting and administrative personnel; professional fees for external legal, accounting, recruiting and other consulting services; and allocated overhead costs.
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net consists primarily of interest expense related to long-term debt. It also includes the effect of exchange rates on foreign currency transaction gains and losses foreign currency gains and losses upon remeasurement of intercompany balances, and interest income. The transactional impacts of foreign currency are recorded as foreign currency losses (gains) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Income Taxes
Income taxes consists primarily of income taxes related to foreign and state jurisdictions in which we conduct business. Because of the uncertainty of the realization of the deferred tax assets, we have a full valuation allowance for domestic net deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits related primarily to research and development.
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Results of Operations
The following tables set forth selected condensed consolidated statements of operations data and such data as a percentage of total revenue for each of the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024
Revenue:(in thousands)
Subscription$71,090 $72,110 
Professional services and other8,368 7,993 
Total revenue79,458 80,103 
Cost of revenue:
Subscription(1)
10,612 12,775 
Professional services and other(1)
7,957 7,939 
Total cost of revenue18,569 20,714 
Gross profit60,889 59,389 
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing(1)(3)
43,162 42,219 
Research and development(1)
23,435 22,719 
General and administrative(1)(2)(3)
14,001 15,901 
Total operating expenses80,598 80,839 
Loss from operations(19,709)(21,450)
Other expense, net(1)(4)
(4,495)(4,431)
Loss before income taxes(24,204)(25,881)
Provision for income taxes199 126 
Net loss$(24,403)$(26,007)
________________
(1)Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024
Cost of revenue:(in thousands)
Subscription$618 $798 
Professional services and other479 333 
Sales and marketing
6,730 5,314 
Research and development
4,975 4,422 
General and administrative
3,508 3,084 
Other expense, net162 191 
Total$16,472 $14,142 

(2)Includes amortization of certain intangible assets of $20,000 and $0.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively.

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(3)Includes executive officer severance as follows:
 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024
(in thousands)
Sales and marketing$443 $— 
General and administrative1,328 — 
Total executive officer severance$1,771 $— 
(4)Includes remeasurement of warrant liability of $0.6 million million for the three months ended April 30, 2024.


 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024
Revenue:
Subscription89 %90 %
Professional services and other11 10 
Total revenue100 100 
Cost of revenue:
Subscription13 16 
Professional services and other10 10 
Total cost of revenue23 26 
Gross margin77 74 
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing54 53 
Research and development29 28 
General and administrative19 20 
Total operating expenses102 101 
Loss from operations(25)(27)
Other expense, net(6)(6)
Loss before income taxes(31)(33)
Provision for income taxes— — 
Net loss(31)%(33)%
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Discussion of the Three Months Ended April 30, 2023 and 2024
Revenue
 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024$ Change% Change
 (in thousands)
Revenue:
Subscription$71,090 $72,110 $1,020 %
Professional services and other8,368 7,993 (375)(4)
Total revenue$79,458 $80,103 $645 
Percentage of revenue:
Subscription89 %90 %
Professional services and other11 10 
Total100 %100 %
The increase in subscription revenue was primarily due to a $5.0 million increase from new customers offset by a net $4.0 million decrease from existing customers. Our customer count increased 1% from April 30, 2023 to April 30, 2024. For the purpose of this comparison, new customers are defined as those added since the end of the prior year quarter. The decrease in professional services and other revenue was due to a higher amount of revenue recognized from the delivery of custom apps during the three months ended April 30, 2023. Due to the decline in gross retention, we expect revenue to decrease in the near term.
Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin
 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024$ Change% Change
 (in thousands)
Cost of revenue:
Subscription$10,612 $12,775 $2,163 20 %
Professional services and other7,957 7,939 (18)— 
Total cost of revenue$18,569 $20,714 $2,145 12 
Gross profit$60,889 $59,389 $(1,500)(2)
Gross margin:
Subscription85 %82 %
Professional services and other
Total gross margin77 74 
The increase in cost of subscription revenue was primarily due to a $1.3 million increase in third-party web hosting services and a $0.6 million increase in amortization of capitalized software development costs.
Professional services and other cost of revenue remained flat.
Subscription gross margin declined primarily due to a decline in revenue growth and increased costs related to third-party web hosting services as a result of increased customer data usage. We expect subscription gross margin to decrease in the near term, and in the long term we expect it to increase and stabilize.
Services gross margin declined primarily due to a higher amount of revenue recognized from the delivery of custom apps during the three months ended April 30, 2023. We expect the gross margin for professional services to fluctuate from period to period due to changes in the proportion of services provided by third-party consultants, seasonality, and timing of projects with higher margins.
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Operating Expenses
 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024$ Change% Change
 (in thousands)
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing$43,162 $42,219 $(943)(2)%
Research and development23,435 22,719 (716)(3)
General and administrative14,001 15,901 1,900 14 
Total operating expenses$80,598 $80,839 $241 — 
Percentage of revenue:
Sales and marketing54 %53 %
Research and development29 28 
General and administrative19 20 
Sales and marketing expenses decreased primarily due to a $3.1 million decrease in employee-related costs. This was partially offset by a $2.3 million increase in marketing expense, primarily driven by our annual user conference. Sales and marketing expense as a percentage of revenue decreased from 54% in the three months ended April 30, 2023 to 53% in the three months ended April 30, 2024. Due to our annual user conference and other seasonal expenses, sales and marketing expense is typically higher in the first fiscal quarter than in other quarters. We expect sales and marketing expense as a percentage of revenue to decrease in the long term.
Research and development expenses decreased primarily due to a $0.6 million decrease in contract labor. Research and development expense as a percentage of revenue decreased from 29% in the three months ended April 30, 2023 to 28% in the three months ended April 30, 2024. We expect research and development expense as a percentage of revenue to increase slightly in the near term and remain consistent in the long term.
General and administrative expenses increased primarily due to a $4.6 million increase in professional and legal fees, partially related to the amendment to the credit facility. This increase was partially offset by a $1.9 million decrease in employee-related costs, driven by a $1.3 million decrease in executive severance expense. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue increased from 19% in the three months ended April 30, 2023 to 20% in the three months ended April 30 2024. In the near term, we expect general and administrative expense as a percentage of revenue to fluctuate from period to period.
Other Expense, Net
 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024$ Change% Change
 (in thousands)
Other expense, net$(4,495)$(4,431)$64 (1)%
Other expense, net remained relatively flat. We expect interest expense to increase modestly due to an increasing principal balance and anticipated higher market interest rates. We expect foreign currency gains and losses could become more pronounced due to current market volatility.
Income Taxes
 Three Months Ended April 30,
 20232024$ Change% Change
 (in thousands)
Provision for income taxes$199 $126 $(73)(37)%
Income taxes decreased primarily due to adjustments related to filing certain tax returns. In the long term, we expect income tax expense to increase in conjunction with higher taxable income from our international subsidiaries.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of April 30, 2024, we had $61.2 million of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash which were held for working capital purposes, of which $3.7 million was restricted cash. Our cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash, money market funds, and certificates of deposit. We have a $100 million credit facility, all of which had been drawn as of April 30, 2024.
Since inception, we have financed operations primarily from cash collected from customers for our subscriptions and services, periodic sales of convertible preferred stock, our initial public offering and to a lesser extent, debt financing. Our principal uses of cash have consisted of employee-related costs, marketing programs and events, payments related to hosting our cloud-based platform and purchases of short-term investments.
We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our projected operating requirements for at least the next 12 months. Over the longer term, we plan to continue investing in, among other things, growth opportunities, product development, and sales and marketing. If available funds are insufficient to fund our future activities or execute on our strategy, we may raise additional capital through equity, equity-linked and debt financing, to the extent such funding sources are available. Alternatively, we may be required to reduce expenses to manage liquidity; however, any such reductions could adversely impact our business and competitive position. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate; the level of investments we make in product development, sales and marketing activities and other investments to support the growth of our business; the continuing market acceptance of our platform; and customer retention rates, and may increase materially from those currently planned. If we raise additional funds through the incurrence of indebtedness, such indebtedness likely would have rights that are senior to holders of our equity securities and could contain covenants that restrict operations in the same or similar manner as our credit facility. Any additional equity financing likely would be dilutive to existing stockholders. We cannot assure you that any additional financing will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.
Moreover, we may not be able to access a portion of our existing cash and cash equivalents due to conditions adversely affecting the financial institutions with which we do business, including limited liquidity, insolvency or receivership. Any such conditions could imperil our ability to access our existing cash and cash equivalents and could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. For additional information, see the section of this report captioned “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Capital Needs—Adverse events or perceptions affecting the financial services industry could adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and prospects.”

Although we are not currently a party to any agreement or letter of intent with respect to potential investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, services or technologies, we may enter into these types of arrangements in the future, which could also require us to seek additional equity financing, incur indebtedness, or use cash resources. We have no present understandings, commitments or agreements to enter into any such acquisitions. We do not have any special purpose entities and we do not engage in off-balance sheet financing arrangements.
Credit Facility
The credit facility permits us to incur up to $100 million in term loan borrowings, all of which had been drawn as of April 30, 2024. The credit facility is secured by substantially all of our assets.
In February 2024, we entered into an amendment to the credit facility which extended the maturity date for the outstanding loan from April 1, 2025 to April 1, 2026 and made certain modifications to the financial covenants. In conjunction with this amendment, we issued fully-vested warrants to purchase Class B common stock.
The term loan maturity date is April 1, 2026 and has a closing fee of $7.0 million. Additionally, we entered into an amendment in August 2020 that included an amendment fee of $5.0 million, which accrues interest at a rate of 9.5% per year and is due upon maturity. The credit facility requires interest-only payments on a portion of the accrued interest until the maturity date. This payable portion of the interest that accrues on the outstanding principal of the term loan is due in cash on a monthly basis, which, as of April 30, 2024, accrued at a floating rate equal to the greater of (1) 7.0% and (2) Adjusted Term SOFR plus 5.5% per year. Adjusted Term SOFR is defined as the greater of (a) 0.0% and (b) Term SOFR plus 0.26161%. In the event that SOFR is unavailable, interest will accrue at a floating rate equal to the greater of (1) 7.0% and (2) the Alternate Base Rate plus 2.75% per year. The Alternate Base Rate is defined as the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate (b) Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.5% and (c) Adjusted Term SOFR. The Federal Funds Effective rate is defined as the rate published by the Federal Reserve System as the overnight rate, or, if such rate is not so published, the average of the quotations for the day for such transaction received by Administrative Agent from three Federal funds brokers. As of April 30, 2024, the interest
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rate was approximately 11.1%. In addition to the 11.1% interest rate, a fixed rate equal to 2.5% per year accrues on the outstanding principal of the term loan. This capitalized portion of the interest is added to the principal amount of the outstanding term loan on a monthly basis and is due upon maturity.
The credit facility contains customary conditions to borrowing, events of default and covenants, including covenants that restrict our ability to dispose of assets, make material changes to the nature, control or location of the business, merge with or acquire other entities, incur indebtedness or encumbrances, make distributions to holders of our capital stock, make certain investments or enter into transactions with affiliates. In addition, we are required to comply with a minimum annualized recurring revenue financial covenant, tested quarterly. The credit facility defines annualized recurring revenue as four times our aggregate revenue for the immediately preceding quarter (net of recurring discounts and discounts for periods greater than one year) less the annual contract value of any customer contracts pursuant to which we were advised during such quarter would not be renewed at the end of the current term plus the annual contract value of existing customer contract increases during such quarter. We are also required to comply with a minimum trailing 12-month consolidated EBITDA (as defined by the credit facility) covenant, which is tested quarterly, and adhere to a $15.0 million monthly minimum liquidity covenant. Noncompliance with these covenants, or the occurrence of certain other events specified in the credit facility, could result in an event of default under the loan agreement. If an event of default has occurred and we are unable to obtain a waiver, any outstanding principal, interest and fees could become immediately due and payable. We were in compliance with the covenant terms of the credit facility on January 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024.
Historical Cash Flow Trends
Three Months Ended April 30,
20232024
(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities$828 $1,901 
Net cash used in investing activities(3,576)(2,526)
Net cash provided by financing activities2,032 1,121 
Operating Activities
Our operating activities consisted primarily of payments received from our customers, cash we invest in our personnel, timing and amounts we use to fund marketing programs and events to expand our customer base, and the costs to provide our cloud-based platform and related outsourced professional services to our customers.
Net cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended April 30, 2023 consisted of cash collected from customers of $93.6 million exceeding the cash outflows of $92.8 million. Significant components of cash outflows included $53.8 million for personnel costs and $18.0 million for marketing programs and events, third-party costs to provide our platform and outsourced professional services.
Net cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended April 30, 2024 consisted of cash collected from customers of $87.8 million exceeding the cash outflows of $85.9 million. Significant components of cash outflows included $49.6 million for personnel costs and $16.6 million for marketing programs and events, third-party costs to provide our platform and outsourced professional services.
Investing Activities
Our investing activities consisted primarily of property and equipment purchases, which included capitalized development costs related to internal-use software.
Net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended April 30, 2023 consisted primarily of $2.1 million of capitalized development costs related to internal-use software and $1.5 million of purchased property and equipment.
Net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended April 30, 2024 consisted primarily of 1.6 million of capitalized development costs related to internal-use software and $0.9 million of purchased property and equipment.
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Financing Activities
Our financing activities consisted primarily of proceeds received from our employee stock purchase plan and stock option exercises.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended April 30, 2023 consisted of $2.0 million of proceeds from shares issued in connection with our employee stock purchase plan.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended April 30, 2024 consisted of $1.1 million of proceeds from shares issued in connection with our employee stock purchase plan.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Our principal commitments consist of long-term debt, obligations under operating leases for office space, and non-cancelable contracts for cloud infrastructure services. There have been no material changes in our contractual obligations and commitments, as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that are inherently uncertain and that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations would be affected. We base our estimates on past experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. Critical accounting policies and estimates are those that we consider critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates.
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information regarding our significant accounting policies.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See "Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information regarding recent accounting pronouncements.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 
We are exposed to certain market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate, and inflation sensitivities as follows:
Interest Rate Risk
As of April 30, 2024, we had $61.2 million of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, which were held for working capital purposes, of which $3.7 million was restricted cash. Our cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash, money market funds, and certificates of deposit. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, we believe that we do not have any material exposure to changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio as a result of changes in interest rates. Decreases in interest rates, however, would reduce future interest income.
We have a credit facility that permits us to incur up to $100 million in term loan borrowings, all of which had been drawn as of April 30, 2024. During the three months ended April 30, 2024, the term loan maturity date was April 1, 2025. A portion of the interest that accrues on outstanding principal of the term loan is payable in cash on a monthly basis, which portion accrues at a floating rate equal to the greater of (1) 7.0% and (2) Adjusted Term SOFR plus 5.5% per year. In the event that SOFR is unavailable, interest will accrue at a floating rate equal to the greater of (1) 7.0% and (2) the Alternate Base Rate plus 2.75% per year. As of April 30, 2024, the interest rate was approximately 11.1%. In addition to the 11.1% interest rate, a fixed rate equal to 2.5% per year accrues on the outstanding principal of the term loan and is added to the principal amount of the outstanding term loan on a monthly basis.
Interest rate risk also reflects our exposure to movements in interest rates associated with our borrowings. At April 30, 2024, we had total debt outstanding with a carrying amount of $114.1 million, which approximates fair value. A hypothetical change in interest rates of 100 basis points after April 30, 2024 would not have a material impact on the fair value of our outstanding debt, even at the borrowing limit, or in the returns on our cash.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Due to our international operations, we have foreign currency risks related to revenue and operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the Japanese Yen, British Pound Sterling, and the Australian Dollar. Our subscriptions and services contracts are primarily denominated in the local currency of the customer making the purchase. In addition, a portion of operating expenses are incurred outside the United States and are denominated in foreign currencies. Changes in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies may negatively affect revenue and other operating results as expressed in U.S. dollars. We do not believe that an immediate 10% increase or decrease in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies would have a material effect on operating results.
We have experienced and will continue to experience fluctuations in net loss as a result of transaction gains or losses related to remeasuring certain current asset and current liability balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded. We have not engaged in the hedging of foreign currency transactions to date. We are considering the costs and benefits of initiating such a program and may in the future hedge balances and transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar as we expand international operations.
Inflation Risk

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations to date. For example, our subscription contracts often contain pricing terms that are tied to the Consumer Price Index, and our pricing policy for renewals not tied to CPI is designed to approximate changes in CPI. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressure, we may not be able to fully offset these higher costs with price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Due to inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The Company is involved in legal proceedings from time to time arising in the normal course of business. Management believes that the outcome of these proceedings will not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. See "Note 12—Commitments and Contingencies" of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information regarding our legal proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the following risk factors, in addition to the other information contained in this report, including the section of this report captioned “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our financial statements and related notes. If any of the events described in the following risk factors or the risks described elsewhere in this report occurs, our business, operating results and financial condition could be seriously harmed. This report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of factors that are described below and elsewhere in this report.
Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Capital Needs
We have a history of losses, and we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve or maintain profitability in the future.
We incurred net losses of $24.4 million and $26.0 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $1,431.6 million at April 30, 2024. We may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve or sustain profitability. We expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future and we expect costs to increase in future periods as we expend substantial financial and other resources on, among other things:

sales and marketing, including any expansion of our direct sales organization, which will require time before these investments generate sales results;
technology and data center infrastructure, enhancements to cloud architecture, improved disaster recovery protection, increasing data security, compliance and operations expenses;
data center costs as customers increase the amount of data that is available to our platform and usage on our platform;
other software development, including enhancements and modifications related to our platform;
international expansion in an effort to increase our customer base and sales;
general and administration, including significantly increasing expenses in accounting and legal related to the increase in the sophistication and resources required for public company compliance and other work arising from the growth and maturity of the company;
competing with other companies, custom development efforts and open source initiatives that are currently in, or may in the future enter, the markets in which we compete;
maintaining high customer satisfaction and ensuring quality and timely releases of platform enhancements and applications;
developing our indirect sales channels and strategic partner network;
maintaining the quality of our cloud and data center infrastructure to minimize latency when using our platform;
increasing market awareness of our platform and enhancing our brand;
maintaining compliance with applicable governmental regulations and other legal obligations, including those related to intellectual property and international sales; and
attracting and retaining top talent in a competitive market.
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These expenditures may not result in additional revenue or the growth of our business. If we fail to continue to grow revenue or to achieve or sustain profitability, the market price of our Class B common stock could be adversely affected.
We have been growing and expect to continue to invest in our growth for the foreseeable future. If we fail to manage this growth effectively, our business and operating results will be adversely affected.
We intend to continue to grow our business. If we cannot adequately train new employees, including our direct sales force, or if new employees are not as productive as quickly as we would like, sales may decrease or customers may lose confidence in the knowledge and capability of our employees. In addition, we may make direct investments in our international business, and increase the number of employees outside the United States. We must successfully manage growth to achieve our objectives. Although our business has experienced significant growth in the past, we cannot provide any assurance that our business will continue to grow at any particular rate, or at all.

Our ability to effectively manage the growth of our business will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to do the following:
effectively recruit, integrate, train and motivate new employees and make them productive, including our direct sales force, while retaining existing employees, maintaining the beneficial aspects of our corporate culture and effectively executing our business plan;
attract new customers, and retain and increase usage by existing customers;
recruit and successfully leverage channel partners and app developers;
successfully enhance our platform;
continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls;
protect and further develop strategic assets, including intellectual property rights; and
manage market expectations and other challenges associated with operating as a public company.
These activities will require significant financial resources and allocation of valuable management and employee resources, and growth will continue to place significant demands on management and our operational and financial infrastructure.
Our future financial performance and ability to execute our business plan will depend, in part, on our ability to effectively manage any future growth. There are no guarantees we will be able to do so. In particular, any failure to successfully implement systems enhancements and improvements will likely negatively impact our ability to manage our expected growth, ensure uninterrupted operation of key business systems and comply with the rules and regulations that are applicable to public reporting companies. Moreover, if we do not effectively manage the growth of our business and operations, the quality of our platform could suffer, which could negatively affect our brand, operating results and business.
Our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited, and if we fail to raise capital when needed in the future, we could be prevented from growing or could be forced to delay or eliminate product development efforts or other operations. 
Our business and operations may consume resources faster than we anticipate. We have incurred cumulative and recurring losses from operations since inception and had an accumulated deficit of $1,431.6 million as of April 30, 2024. We have also experienced negative or close to breakeven cash flows from operating activities, including cash provided by operating activities of $0.8 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively. As of April 30, 2024, we had $61.2 million of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash which were held for working capital purposes, of which $3.7 million was restricted cash. Additionally, no amounts were available to draw under our credit facility.
We may need to raise additional funds to invest in growth opportunities, to continue product development and sales and marketing efforts, and for other purposes. Additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to meet our obligations, invest in future growth opportunities, or continue operations at anticipated levels, which could harm our business and operating results. In addition, current and future debt instruments may impose restrictions on our ability to dispose of property, make changes in our business, engage in mergers or acquisitions, incur additional indebtedness, and make investments and distributions. Furthermore, if we issue additional equity securities, stockholders will experience dilution, and the new equity securities could have rights senior to
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those of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of any such future offerings. As a result, stockholders bear the risk that future securities offerings reduce the market price of our Class B common stock and dilute their interest.
Future operating results and key metrics may fluctuate significantly due to a wide range of factors, which makes our future results difficult to predict.
Our operating results and key metrics could vary significantly from quarter to quarter as a result of various factors, some of which are outside of our control, including:
the expansion of our customer base;
the size, duration and terms of our contracts with both existing and new customers;
the introduction of products and product enhancements by competitors, and changes in pricing for products offered by us or our competitors;
customers delaying purchasing decisions in anticipation of new products or product enhancements by us or our competitors or otherwise;
changes in customers’ budgets;
seasonal variations in our sales, which have generally historically been highest in our fourth fiscal quarter and lowest in the first fiscal quarter;
the timing of satisfying revenue recognition criteria, particularly with regard to large transactions;
the amount and timing of payment for expenses, including infrastructure costs to deliver our platform, research and development, sales and marketing expenses, employee benefit and stock-based compensation expenses and costs related to Domopalooza, our annual user conference that occurs in our first fiscal quarter;
costs related to the hiring, training and maintenance of our direct sales force;
the timing and growth of our business, in particular through the hiring of new employees and international expansion; and
general economic and political conditions, both domestically and internationally, including the impacts of pandemics or other catastrophic events, military conflicts (including the Russian invasion of Ukraine and hostilities between Israel and Hamas), inflation, and adverse impacts to the financial service services industry, as well as economic conditions specifically affecting industries in which our customers operate.
Any one of these or other factors discussed elsewhere in this report may result in fluctuations in our operating results, meaning that quarter-to-quarter comparisons may not necessarily be indicative of our future performance.
Because we recognize revenue from subscriptions ratably over the terms of our subscription agreements, near-term changes in sales may not be reflected immediately in our operating results. 
We offer our platform primarily through subscription agreements, which typically vary in length between one and three years, and may in many cases be subject to automatic renewal or renewal only at a customer's discretion. We generally invoice our customers in annual installments at the beginning of each year in the subscription period. Amounts that have been invoiced are initially recorded as deferred revenue and are recognized ratably over the subscription period. As a result, most of the revenue that we report in each period is derived from the recognition of deferred revenue relating to subscriptions entered into during previous periods. A decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one quarter is not likely to have a material impact on results for that quarter. However, declines would negatively affect revenue and deferred revenue balances in future periods, and the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our platform, and potential changes in our rate of renewals, may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. Our subscription model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our total revenue through additional sales in any period, as revenue from new customers is recognized over the applicable subscription term. We may be unable to adjust our cost structure to reflect the changes in revenue. In addition, a significant majority of our costs are expensed as incurred, while revenue is
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generally recognized over the life of the customer agreement. As a result, increased growth in the number of our customers could result in our recognition of more costs than revenue in the earlier periods of the terms of our agreements.
The length, cost and uncertainty associated with sales cycles for enterprise customers may result in fluctuations in our operating results and our failure to achieve the expectations of investors.
Our sales efforts to enterprise customers, which we define as companies with over $1 billion in revenue, face long sales cycles, complex customer requirements, substantial upfront sales costs, and a relatively low and difficult to predict volume of sales on a quarter-by-quarter basis. This makes it difficult to predict with certainty our sales and related operating performance in any given period. Our sales cycle for new enterprise customers varies from approximately six months to multiple years. Customers often undertake a prolonged evaluation of our platform, including assessing their own readiness, scoping the professional services involved, and comparing our platform to products offered by competitors and their ability to solve the problem internally. Events may occur during this period that affect the size or timing of a purchase or even cause cancellations, which may lead to greater unpredictability in our business and operating results. Moreover, customers often begin to use our platform on a limited basis with no guarantee that they will expand their use of our platform widely enough across their organization to justify the costs of our sales efforts. We may also face unexpected implementation challenges with enterprise customers or more complicated installations of our platform. It may be difficult to deploy our platform if the customer has unexpected database, hardware or software technology issues.
Adherence to our financial plan in part depends on managing the mix of customers, the rate at which customers increase their use of our platform within their organizations, the number of use cases they employ, and the timing and amount of upsells, all of which affect annual contract value. Our financial performance and the predictability of our quarterly financial results may be harmed by failures to secure the higher value enterprise agreements in a timely manner or at all, or changes in the volume of transactions overall, compared to our forecasts, and depends in large part on the successful execution of our direct sales team. The predictability of billings may be adversely impacted by fluctuations in the proportion of contracts that are not billed annually in advance.
Additionally, our quarterly sales cycles are generally more heavily weighted toward the end of the quarter with an increased volume of sales in the last few weeks and days of the quarter. This impacts the timing of recognized revenue and billings, cash collections and delivery of professional services. Furthermore, the concentration of contract negotiations in the last few weeks and days of the quarter could require us to expend more in the form of compensation for additional sales, legal and finance employees and contractors. Compression of sales activity to the end of the quarter also greatly increases the likelihood that sales cycles will extend beyond the quarter in which they are forecasted to close for some sizeable transactions, which will harm forecasting accuracy and adversely impact billings and new customer acquisition and renewal metrics for the quarter in which they are forecasted to close.
Increased sales to customers outside the United States or paid for in currency other than the U.S. dollar exposes us to potential currency exchange losses. 
As our international sales and operations increase, so too will the number and significance of transactions, including intercompany transactions, occurring in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. In addition, our international subsidiaries may accumulate assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, which is the functional reporting currency of these entities. Accordingly, changes in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar can affect our revenue and operating results due to foreign currency gains and losses that are reflected in our earnings. We do not currently maintain a program to hedge transactional exposures in foreign currencies. However, in the future, we may use derivative instruments, such as foreign currency forward and option contracts, to hedge certain exposures to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The use of such hedging activities may not offset any or more than a portion of the adverse financial effects of unfavorable movements in foreign exchange rates over the limited time the hedges are in place. Moreover, the use of hedging instruments may introduce additional risks if we are unable to structure effective hedges with such instruments.
Our credit facility contains restrictive and financial covenants that may limit our operating flexibility.
Our credit facility contains restrictive covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, transfer or dispose of assets, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, open new offices that contain a material amount of assets, pay dividends, incur additional indebtedness and liens and enter into new businesses. We therefore may not be able to engage in any of the foregoing transactions unless we obtain the consent of the lender or terminate the credit facility, which may limit our operating flexibility. In addition, our credit facility is secured by all of our assets, including our intellectual property, and requires us to satisfy certain financial covenants. If we do not meet the
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financial covenants as specified in the credit facility, we may require forbearance or relief from our financial covenant violations from Blackrock or be required to arrange alternative financing.
There is no guarantee that we will be able to generate sufficient cash flow or sales to meet these financial covenants or pay the principal and interest on any such debt. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that future working capital, borrowings or equity financing will be available to repay or refinance any such debt. A breach of any of these covenants or the occurrence of certain other events (including a material adverse effect) specified in the credit facility and/or the related collateral documents could result in an event of default under the loan agreement. If an event of default has occurred and is continuing, BlackRock could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the credit facility immediately due and payable. If we are unable to repay those amounts, BlackRock could foreclose on the collateral granted to them to secure such indebtedness. If BlackRock accelerates the repayment of borrowings, if any, we may not have sufficient funds to repay our existing debt.

Our ability to meet the financial covenants could be affected by events beyond our control. Any inability to make scheduled payments or meet the financial covenants on our credit facility would adversely affect our business.
We may be subject to additional obligations to collect and remit sales tax and other taxes, and we may be subject to tax liability for past transactions, which could harm our business. 
We do not collect sales and use, value added and similar taxes in all jurisdictions in which we have sales, based on our belief that such taxes are not applicable in certain jurisdictions. State, local and foreign jurisdictions have differing rules and regulations governing sales, use, value added and other taxes, and these rules and regulations are subject to varying interpretations that may change over time. In particular, the applicability of such taxes on subscriptions to our platform in various jurisdictions is unclear. Further, rules regarding tax nexus are complex and vary significantly across state, local and foreign jurisdictions. As a result, we could face the possibility of audits that could result in tax assessments, including associated interest and penalties. A successful assertion that we should be collecting additional sales, use, value added or other taxes in those jurisdictions where we have not historically done so could result in substantial tax liabilities and related penalties for past transactions, discourage customers from purchasing our application or otherwise harm our business and operating results. In addition, we are required to withhold and timely remit payroll-related taxes for which we are also subject to the possibility of audits that could result in tax assessments, including associated interest and penalties.
Changes in tax laws or regulations that are applied adversely to us or our customers could increase the costs of our platform and adversely impact our business. 
New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be enacted at any time, which could affect the tax treatment of our (and our subsidiaries’) domestic and foreign financial results. Any new taxes could adversely affect our domestic and international business operations, and our business and financial performance. Further, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us. For example, the Tax Cuts & Jobs Act of 2017 eliminated the ability to deduct research and development expenditures currently and instead requires taxpayers to capitalize and amortize those expenditures over five or fifteen years. However, recently proposed tax legislation, if enacted, would restore the ability to deduct currently domestic research and development expenditures through 2025 and would retroactively restore this benefit for 2022 and 2023. Further, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 introduced a non-deductible excise tax of 1% on the value of certain share repurchases by publicly traded corporations, which may increase the costs to us of any share repurchases.

In addition, taxation of cloud-based software is constantly evolving as many state and local jurisdictions consider the taxability of software services provided remotely. These events could require us or our customers to pay additional tax amounts on a prospective or retroactive basis, as well as require us or our customers to pay fines or penalties and interest for past amounts deemed to be due. If we raise our prices to offset the costs of these changes, existing and potential future customers may elect not to continue to use or purchase subscriptions to our platform in the future. Additionally, new, modified or newly interpreted or applied tax laws could increase our customers’ and our compliance, operating and other costs, as well as the costs of our platform. Any or all of these events could harm our business and operating results.
We are a multinational organization faced with increasingly complex tax issues in many jurisdictions, and we could be obligated to pay additional taxes in various jurisdictions. 
As a multinational organization, we are subject to taxation in several jurisdictions around the world with increasingly complex tax laws, the application of which can be uncertain, and significant judgment and estimates are required in determining our provision for income taxes. Our tax expense may be impacted if our intercompany transactions, which are required to be computed on an arm’s-length basis, are challenged and successfully disputed by tax authorities. Our policies governing transfer pricing may be determined to be inadequate and could result in additional tax assessments. The amount of
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taxes we pay in these jurisdictions could increase substantially as a result of changes in the applicable tax principles, including increased tax rates, new tax laws or revised interpretations of existing tax laws and precedents, which could harm our liquidity and operating results. In addition, the authorities in these jurisdictions could review our tax returns and impose additional tax, interest and penalties, and the authorities could claim that various withholding requirements or other taxes apply to us or our subsidiaries or assert that benefits of tax treaties are not available to us or our subsidiaries, any of which could adversely affect our operating results.
Further, many countries and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have proposed to reallocate some portion of profits of large multinational companies to markets where sales arise, known as “Pillar One,” as well as enact a global minimum tax rate of at least 15% for multinationals with global revenue exceeding certain thresholds, known as “Pillar Two,” and many countries have adopted or intend to adopt these proposals. Changes to these and other areas in relation to international tax reform, including future actions taken by foreign governments could increase uncertainty and may adversely affect our tax rate and operating results in future years.
Our ability to use our net operating losses to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.
 As of January 31, 2024, we had net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $1,178.3 million and $1,352.8 million, respectively, which may be available to offset taxable income in the future. The federal NOLs will begin to expire in various years beginning in 2032 if not utilized. The state NOLs will expire depending on the various rules in the state jurisdictions in which we operate. A lack of future taxable income could adversely affect our ability to utilize these NOLs before they expire.
In general, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the Code), a corporation that undergoes an "ownership change" (as defined under Section 382 of the Code and applicable Treasury Regulations) is subject to limitations on its ability to utilize its pre-ownership change NOLs to offset its future taxable income. An ownership change under Section 382 of the Code could affect our ability to utilize the NOLs to offset our income. Furthermore, our ability to utilize NOLs of companies that we have acquired or may acquire in the future may be subject to limitations. We have historically contracted third parties to perform a Section 382 analysis to evaluate limitations on our NOLs due to ownership changes, with the most recent analysis being through January 31, 2023. There is also a risk that due to regulatory changes, such as suspensions on the use of NOLs or other unforeseen reasons, our existing NOLs could expire or otherwise be unavailable to reduce future income tax liabilities for federal and state tax purposes. For these reasons, we may not be able to utilize a material portion of our NOLs, even if we attain profitability, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability to us and could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
Adverse events or perceptions affecting the financial services industry could adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and prospects.
Limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments affecting financial institutions or parties with which we do business, or perceptions regarding these or similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems. Such developments, and their effects on the broader financial system, could result in a variety of material and adverse impacts on our business operations and financial conditions, including, but not limited to:
delayed access to deposits or other financial assets or the uninsured loss of deposits or other financial assets;
loss of access to revolving existing credit facilities or other working capital sources or the inability to refund, roll over or extend the maturity of, or enter into new credit facilities or other working capital resources;
potential or actual breach of obligations, including U.S. federal and state wage laws and contracts that may require us to maintain letters or credit or other credit support arrangements; and
termination of cash management arrangements or delays in accessing or actual loss of funds subject to cash management arrangements.
For example, on March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) was closed and placed in receivership and subsequently, additional financial institutions have been placed into receivership. Prior to SVB’s closure, we had approximately $12.4 million in deposit accounts with SVB and an additional $18.3 million subject to SVB sweep account arrangements (with amounts held in custodial accounts with third-party financial institutions). As a result of U.S. government intervention, we subsequently regained access to our accounts at SVB, and Silicon Valley Bridge Bank has assumed SVB’s obligations to honor our standby letter of credit. However, there remains significant uncertainty surrounding the impact of these bank closures on the broader financial system. Moreover, there is no guarantee that the U.S. government will intervene to provide
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access to uninsured funds in the future in the event of the failure of other financial institutions, or that they would do so in a timely fashion. In such an event, parties with which we have commercial agreements, including customers and suppliers, may be unable to satisfy their obligations to, or enter into new commercial arrangements with us.
Concerns regarding the U.S. or international financial systems could impact the availability and cost of financing, thereby making it more difficult for us to acquire financing on acceptable terms or at all. In addition, instability in the financial services industry could spur a deterioration in the macroeconomic environment and dampen demand for our products.
Any of these risks could materially impact our operating results, liquidity, financial condition and prospects.
Risks Related to Our Relationships with Customers and Third Parties
If we are unable to attract new customers in a manner that is cost-effective, our revenue growth could be slower than we expect and our business may be harmed.
To increase our revenue, we must add new customers. Demand for our platform is affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, such as continued market acceptance of our platform for existing and new use cases, the timing of development and release of new applications and features, technological change, growth or contraction in our addressable market, and accessibility across mobile devices, operating systems, and applications, and macroeconomic changes, including the impact of public health epidemics or pandemics, on the demand for technology solutions like ours. In addition, if competitors introduce lower cost or differentiated products or services that are perceived to compete with our features, our ability to sell our features based on factors such as pricing, technology and functionality could be impaired. As a result, we may be unable to attract new customers at rates or on terms that would be favorable or comparable to prior periods, which could negatively affect the growth of our revenue.
Even if we do attract customers, the cost of new customer acquisition may prove so high as to prevent us from achieving or sustaining profitability. We recognize subscription revenue ratably over the term of the subscription period. In general, customer acquisition costs and other upfront costs associated with new customers are much higher in the first year than the aggregate revenue we recognize from those new customers in the first year. As a result, the profitability of a customer to our business in any particular period depends in part upon how long a customer has been a subscriber and the degree to which it has expanded its usage of our platform. Additionally, we intend to continue to hire additional sales personnel to grow our domestic and international operations. If our sales and marketing efforts do not result in substantial increases in revenue, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely affected.
If customers do not renew their contracts with us or reduce their use of our platform, our revenue will decline and our operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.
The initial terms of our customer contracts typically vary in length between one and three years, and our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions after the expiration of their initial subscription periods. In some cases, the contracts automatically renew (with each party having the option to elect not to renew), but in circumstances where that is not the case, our customers may unilaterally elect not to renew, may seek to renew for lower subscription amounts or for shorter contract lengths, or may choose to renew for the same or fewer applications over time. A majority of our annual recurring revenue is up for renewal during the fiscal year ending January 31, 2025. Our renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including leadership changes within our customers resulting in loss of sponsorship, limited customer resources, pricing changes by us or competitors, customer satisfaction with our platform and related applications, the acquisition of customers by other companies, procurement or budgetary decisions, and deteriorating general economic conditions, including as a result of public health epidemics or pandemics. To the extent our customer base continues to grow, renewals and additional subscriptions by renewing customers will become an increasingly important part of our results. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions, or decrease the amount they spend with us, revenue will decline and our business will be harmed.
If customers do not expand their use of our platform or adopt additional use cases our growth prospects, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected. 
Our future success depends on our ability to increase the deployment of our platform within and across our existing customers and future customers. Many of our customers initially deploy our platform to specific groups or departments within their organization or for a limited number of use cases. Our growth prospects depend on our ability to persuade customers to expand their use of our platform to additional groups, departments and use cases across their organization.
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Historically, we have made significant investments in research and development to build our platform and to offer enterprise customers the features and functionality that they require.
If our future operating results are significantly below the expectations of investors, it could harm the market price of our Class B common stock.
The loss of one or more of our key customers, or a failure to renew our subscription agreements with one or more of our key customers, could negatively affect our ability to market our platform.
We rely on our reputation and recommendations from key customers in order to promote subscriptions to our platform. The loss of, or failure to renew by, any of our key customers could have a significant effect on our revenue, reputation and our ability to obtain new customers. In addition, acquisitions of our customers could lead to cancellation of such customers’ contracts, thereby reducing the number of our existing and potential customers.
If we are unable to develop and maintain successful relationships with channel partners, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected.
To date, we have been primarily dependent on our direct sales force to sell subscriptions to our platform. Although we have developed relationships with some channel partners, such as referral partners, resellers, and integration partners, these channels have resulted in limited revenue historically. We believe that continued growth in our business is dependent upon identifying, developing, and maintaining strategic relationships with additional channel partners that can drive substantial revenue. If we fail to identify additional channel partners in a timely and cost-effective manner, or at all, or are unable to assist our current and future channel partners in independently selling and deploying our products, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected. Typically, agreements with channel partners are non-exclusive, meaning our channel partners may offer customers the products of several different companies, including products that compete with our platform. They may also cease marketing our platform with limited or no notice and with little or no penalty. Additionally, customer retention and expansion attributable to customers acquired through our channel partners may differ significantly from customers acquired through our direct sales efforts. If our channel partners do not effectively market and sell our products, or fail to meet the needs of our customers, our reputation and ability to grow our business may also be adversely affected.
Sales by channel partners are more likely than direct sales to involve collectability concerns. In particular, sales by our channel partners into developing markets, and accordingly, variations in the mix between revenue attributable to sales by channel partners and revenue attributable to direct sales, may result in fluctuations in our operating results.
We rely upon data centers and other systems and technologies provided by third parties, and technology systems and electronic networks supplied and managed by third parties, to operate our business and interruptions or performance problems with these systems, technologies and networks may adversely affect our business and operating results. 
We rely on data centers and other technologies and services provided by third parties in order to manage our cloud-based infrastructure and operate our business. If any of these services becomes unavailable or otherwise is unable to serve our requirements due to extended outages, interruptions, facility closure, or because it is no longer available on commercially reasonable terms, expenses could increase, our ability to manage finances could be interrupted and our operations otherwise could be disrupted or otherwise impacted until appropriate substitute services, if available, are identified, obtained, and implemented.
We do not control, or in some cases have limited control over, the operation of the data center facilities we use, and they are vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, floods, fires, power loss, telecommunications failures and similar events. They may also be subject to break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and similar misconduct, to adverse events caused by operator error, and to interruptions, data loss or corruption, and other performance problems due to various factors, including introductions of new capabilities, technology errors, infrastructure changes, distributed denial of service attacks, or other security related incidents. For instance, in December 2017, researchers identified significant CPU architecture vulnerabilities commonly known as “Spectre” and “Meltdown” that have required software updates and patches, including for providers of public cloud services, to mitigate such vulnerabilities and such updates and patches have required servers to be offline and potentially slow their performance. We may not be able to rapidly switch to new data centers or move customers from one data center to another in the event of any adverse event. Despite precautions taken at these facilities, the occurrence of a natural disaster, an act of terrorism or other act of malfeasance, a decision to close the facilities without adequate notice or other unanticipated problems at these facilities could result in lengthy interruptions in our service and the loss or corruption of, or unauthorized access to or acquisition of, customer data.
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In addition, if we do not accurately predict our infrastructure capacity requirements, customers could experience service shortfalls. The provisioning of additional cloud hosting capacity and data center infrastructure requires lead time. As we continue to add data centers, restructure our data management plans, and increase capacity in existing and future data centers, we may be required to move or transfer our data and customers’ data. Despite precautions taken during such processes and procedures, any unsuccessful data transfers may impair customers’ use of our platform, and we may experience costs or downtime in connection with the transfer of data to other facilities, which may lead to, among other things, customer dissatisfaction and non-renewals. The owners of our data center facilities have no obligation to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we are unable to renew these agreements on commercially reasonable terms, we may be required to transfer to new data center facilities, and we may incur significant costs and possible service interruption in connection with doing so.
Our ability to provide services and solutions to customers also depends on our ability to communicate with customers through the public internet and electronic networks that are owned and operated by third parties. In addition, in order to provide services on-demand and promptly, our computer equipment and network servers must be functional 24 hours per day, which requires access to telecommunications facilities managed by third parties and the availability of electricity, which we do not control. A severe disruption of one or more of these networks or facilities, including as a result of utility or third-party system interruptions, could impair our ability to process information and provide services to our customers.
Any unavailability of, or failure to meet our requirements by, third-party data centers or other third-party technologies or services, or any disruption of the internet or the third-party networks or facilities that we rely upon, could impede our ability to provide services to customers, harm our reputation, result in a loss of customers, cause us to issue refunds or service credits to customers, subject us to potential liabilities, result in contract terminations, and adversely affect our renewal rates. Any of these circumstances could adversely affect our business and operating results.
Contractual disputes with our customers could be costly, time-consuming and harm our reputation.
Our business is contract intensive and we are party to contracts with our customers all over the world. Our contracts can contain a variety of terms, including service levels, security obligations, indemnification and regulatory requirements. Contract terms may not always be standardized across our customers and can be subject to differing interpretations, which could result in disputes with our customers from time to time. If our customers notify us of an alleged contract breach or otherwise dispute any provision under our contracts, the resolution of such disputes in a manner adverse to our interests could negatively affect our operating results.
Additionally, if customers fail to pay us under the terms of our agreements, we may be adversely affected both from the inability to collect amounts due and the cost of enforcing the terms of our contracts, including litigation. The risk of such negative effects increases with the term length of our customer arrangements. Furthermore, some of our customers may seek bankruptcy protection or other similar relief and fail to pay amounts due to us, or pay those amounts more slowly, either of which could adversely affect our operating results, financial position and cash flow.
Risks Related to Our Products and Solutions
We face intense competition, and we may not be able to compete effectively, which could reduce demand for our platform and adversely affect our business, growth, revenue and market share.
The market for our platform is intensely and increasingly competitive and subject to rapidly changing technology and evolving standards. In addition, many companies in our target market are offering, or may soon offer, products and services that may compete with our platform. Furthermore, many potential customers have made significant investments in legacy software systems and may be unwilling to invest in new solutions.
Our current primary competitors generally fall into the following categories:
large software companies, including suppliers of traditional business intelligence products that provide one or more capabilities that are competitive with our products, such as Microsoft Corporation, Oracle Corporation, SAP AG and IBM;
business analytics software companies, such as Tableau Software, Inc., Qlik Technologies, Looker Data Sciences, Inc., Sisense, Inc., and Tibco Software, Inc.; and
SaaS-based products or cloud-based analytics providers such as salesforce.com, Inc. and Infor, Inc.
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We expect competition to increase as other established and emerging companies enter the markets in which we compete, as customer requirements evolve and as new products and technologies are introduced. For example, salesforce.com, Inc. acquired Tableau Software, Inc. in August 2019 and Alphabet Inc. acquired Looker Data Sciences, Inc. in February 2020.
Many competitors, particularly the large software companies named above, have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical, research and development, marketing, distribution, professional services or other resources and greater name recognition than we do. In addition, many competitors have strong relationships with current and potential customers, channel partners and development partners and extensive knowledge of markets in which we compete. As a result, they may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, for example by devoting greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we do.
Moreover, many of these competitors may bundle their data management and analytics products into larger deals or maintenance renewals, often at significant discounts or at no charge. Increased competition may lead to price cuts, alternative pricing structures or the introduction of products available for free or a nominal price, fewer customer orders, reduced gross margins, longer sales cycles and loss of market share. We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors, and our business, operating results and financial condition will be harmed if we fail to meet these competitive pressures. Even if we are successful in acquiring and retaining customers, those customers may continue to use our competitors' products in addition to our products.
Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, both within and outside of our control. Some of these factors include ease and speed of platform deployment and use, accessibility across mobile devices, operating systems, and applications, discovery and visualization capabilities, analytical and statistical capabilities, performance and scalability, the quality of our data security infrastructure, the quality and reliability of our customer service and support, total cost of ownership, return on investment and brand recognition. Any failure by us to compete successfully in any one of these or other areas may reduce the demand for our platform, as well as adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Moreover, current and future competitors may also make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with others. By doing so, these competitors may increase their ability to meet the needs of customers. These relationships may limit our ability to sell or certify our platform through specific distributors, technology providers, database companies and distribution channels and allow competitors to rapidly gain significant market share. These developments could limit our ability to obtain revenue from existing and new customers. If we are unable to compete successfully against competitors, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

We continue to evolve our subscription and pricing models and changes could adversely affect our operating results.
Our pricing and subscription models have evolved over time, and will continue to evolve in the future. We have started to introduce consumption-based pricing, which is pricing based upon the use of our platform, for certain of our customers. We have limited experience with determining the optimal pricing for our consumption-based contracts. Revenue recognized for certain customers may be negatively impacted due to our new consumption-based pricing model. For example, certain customers may end up using less data than originally contemplated in their initial consumption-based contract resulting in lower net retention in future years. The success of our pricing model transition is subject to numerous variables, including, but not limited to, customer demand, renewal and expansion rates, our ability to further develop and scale infrastructure, the ability of our sales force to successfully execute new sales strategies, tax and accounting implications, pricing, and our costs. Moreover, changes in our pricing and subscription models subject us to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to plan for and model future growth and make accurate projections regarding our future performance. Changes to our pricing and subscription models may also expose to unexpected or unintended effects, including increased user dissatisfaction, reputational harm and difficulty obtaining or retaining customers. Further, large customers, which are the focus of our direct sales efforts, may demand greater price discounts. In an inflationary environment, our costs may increase and we may not be able to adjust our pricing models accordingly, which could adversely impact our financial performance.
As we expand internationally, we also must determine the appropriate price to enable us to compete effectively internationally. In addition, if the mix of features we sell changes, then we may need to, or choose to, revise our pricing. As a result, in the future we may be required to reduce our prices or offer shorter contract durations, which could adversely affect our revenue, gross margin, profitability, financial condition and cash flow.
In addition, our competitors may offer different subscription or pricing models, which may be more attractive to potential customers. We may be required to adjust our subscription or pricing models in response to these changes, which could adversely affect our financial performance.
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If we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and changing customer needs or requirements, our solutions may become less competitive. 
Our success depends on our customers' willingness to adopt and use our platform, including on their smartphone or mobile device, as well as our ability to adapt and enhance our platform. To attract new customers and increase revenue from existing customers, we need to continue to enhance and improve our platform, to meet customer needs at prices that customers are willing to pay. Such efforts will require adding new features, expanding related applications and responding to technological advancements, which will increase our research and development costs. If we are unable to develop solutions that address customers’ needs, or enhance and improve our platform in a timely manner, we may not be able to increase or maintain market acceptance of our platform.
Further, we may make changes to our platform that customers do not find useful. We may also discontinue certain features, begin to charge for certain features that are currently free or increase fees for any features or usage of our platform. We may also face unexpected problems or challenges in connection with new applications or feature introductions. Enhancements and changes to our platform could fail to attain sufficient market acceptance for many reasons, including:
failure to predict market demand accurately in terms of platform functionality and capability or to supply features that meets this demand in a timely fashion;
inability to operate effectively with the technologies, systems or applications of existing or potential customers;
defects, errors or failures;
negative publicity about their performance or effectiveness;
delays in releasing new enhancements and additional features to our platform to the market;
the introduction or anticipated introduction of competing products;
an ineffective sales force;
poor business conditions for our end-customers, causing them to delay purchases;
challenges with customer adoption and use of our platform on mobile devices or problems encountered in developing or supporting enhancements to our mobile applications; and
the reluctance of customers to purchase subscriptions to software incorporating open source software.
Because our platform is designed to operate on and with a variety of systems, we will need to continuously modify and enhance our platform to keep pace with changes in technology, and we may fail to do so.
In addition, issues in the use of artificial intelligence in our platform may result in reputational harm or liability. Domo’s suite of data science leverages machine learning algorithms, predictive analytics, and other artificial intelligence technologies to identify trends, anomalies and correlations, provide alerts and initiate business processes. Artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. Artificial intelligence algorithms may be flawed. Datasets may be insufficient or contain biased information. Artificial intelligence technologies that we make use of may produce or create outputs that appear correct but are factually inaccurate or otherwise flawed. Inappropriate or controversial data practices by us or others could impair the acceptance of artificial intelligence solutions.