10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2019

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from            to                

Commission file number: 000-54402

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	91-1835664
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

40 Marcus Drive, Melville, New York	11747
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (631) 760-8100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
None	N/A	N/A

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	[  ]	Accelerated filer	[  ]
Non-accelerated filer	[X]	Smaller reporting company	[X]
Emerging growth company	[X]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act): Yes [  ] No [X]

As of August 14, 2019, there were 21,410,146 shares of common stock outstanding.

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2019 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2018	3
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	4
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficiency for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	5
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	6
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	25
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	33
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures.	33
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings.	34
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors.	34
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	34
ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.	35
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.	35
ITEM 5. Other Information.	35
ITEM 6. Exhibits.	35
SIGNATURES	36

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements.

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash	$	1,283,666		$	117,523
Accounts receivable		31,000			29,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		42,392			34,464
Total Current Assets		1,357,058			180,987
Property and equipment, net		136,406			175,235
Intangible assets, net		776,612			814,059
Security deposit		-			22,100
Deferred offering costs		162,003			-
Total Assets	$	2,432,079		$	1,192,381
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficiency
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,526,957		$	1,893,827
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		2,665,677			2,302,176
Accrued interest		505,210			338,619
Current portion of notes payable, net of debt discount of $2,035,578 and $936,866 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		5,499,287			3,625,659
Derivative liabilities		946,071			1,094,607
Total Current Liabilities		11,143,202			9,254,888
Accrued expenses, non-current portion		-			36,500
Accrued interest, non-current portion		30,548			18,137
Notes payable, non-current portion, net of debt discount of $24,302 and $75,497 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		200,800			523,894
Total Liabilities		11,374,550			9,833,419
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 6)
Stockholders’ Deficiency:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value;
Authorized, 20,000,000 shares;
None issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018		-			-
Common stock, $0.001 par value;
Authorized, 150,000,000 shares;
Issued and outstanding 19,793,477 and 11,728,394 shares
at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		19,793			11,728
Additional paid-in capital		63,000,354			55,269,490
Accumulated deficit		(71,962,618	)		(63,922,256	)
Total Stockholders’ Deficiency		(8,942,471	)		(8,641,038	)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficiency	$	2,432,079		$	1,192,381

See Notes to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

3

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

	For The Three Months Ended						For The Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenues	$	31,000		$	37,000		$	60,000		$	56,000
Operating Expenses:
Marketing and promotion		108,849			17,531			124,686			58,554
Consulting		533,873			417,954			1,133,607			850,884
Research and development		441,723			372,815			896,729			779,945
General and administrative		1,075,359			1,279,035			2,362,118			2,647,690
Total Operating Expenses		2,159,804			2,087,335			4,517,140			4,337,073
Loss-From Operations		(2,128,804	)		(2,050,335	)		(4,457,140	)		(4,281,073	)
Other (Expense) Income:
Interest expense		(327,967	)		(230,383	)		(644,911	)		(391,642	)
Amortization of debt discount		(991,261	)		(1,081,982	)		(1,734,403	)		(1,343,628	)
Loss on extinguishment of notes payable, net		(552,109	)		(44,951	)		(1,000,595	)		(63,788	)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(157,049	)		(106,772	)		(203,313	)		58,048
Total Other Expense		(2,028,386	)		(1,464,088	)		(3,583,222	)		(1,741,010	)
Net Loss	$	(4,157,190	)	$	(3,514,423	)	$	(8,040,362	)	$	(6,022,083	)
Net Loss Per Share
- Basic and Diluted	$	(0.24	)	$	(0.53	)	$	(0.52	)	$	(0.93	)
Weighted Average Number of
Common Shares Outstanding
- Basic and Diluted		17,509,453			6,576,327			15,599,172			6,485,069

See Notes to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

4

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficiency

(unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
					Additional
	Common Stock				Paid-In		Accumulated
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Total
Balance - January 1, 2019		11,728,394	$	11,728	$	55,269,490	$	(63,922,256	)	$	(8,641,038	)
Shares and warrants issued for cash		1,000,000		1,000		99,000		-			100,000
Shares issued in satisfaction of accrued consulting services		10,000		10		7,190		-			7,200
Shares issued in exchange for notes payable and accrued interest		1,984,017		1,984		1,508,298		-			1,510,282
Shares issued and recorded as debt discount in connection with a note payable extension		10,000		10		7,042		-			7,052
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity		-		-		2,517,254		-			2,517,254
Stock-based compensation:
- options		-		-		729,678		-			729,678
Net loss		-		-		-		(3,883,172	)		(3,883,172	)
Balance - March 31, 2019		14,732,411		14,732		60,137,952		(67,805,428	)		(7,652,744	)
Shares and warrants issued for cash		1,191,111		1,191		155,120		-			156,311
Shares issued in exchange for notes payable and accrued interest		3,726,082		3,726		2,059,712		-			2,063,438
Shares issued and recorded as debt discount in connection with a note payable issuance		68,873		69		54,099		-			54,168
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity		-		-		120,742		-			120,742
Stock-based compensation:
- common stock		75,000		75		29,925		-			30,000
- options		-		-		442,804		-			442,804
Net loss		-		-		-		(4,157,190	)		(4,157,190	)
Balance - June 30, 2019		19,793,477	$	19,793	$	63,000,354	$	(71,962,618	)	$	(8,942,471	)

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
					Additional
	Common Stock				Paid-In			Accumulated
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Total
Balance - January 1, 2018		6,112,473	$	6,112	$	44,561,773		$	(51,404,453	)	$	(6,836,568	)
Exercise of warrants for purchase of common stock		207,084		207		413,961			-			414,168
Shares and warrants issued in satisfaction of accrued consulting services		19,000		19		37,981			-			38,000
Conversion of notes payable and accrued interest into common stock		27,018		27		52,877			-			52,904
Shares issued in exchange for notes payable and accrued interest		84,678		85		173,841			-			173,926
Shares issued and recorded as debt discount in connection with note payable issuances or extensions		33,000		33		61,174			-			61,207
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity		-		-		9,397			-			9,397
Beneficial conversion features related to convertible notes payable		-		-		21,518			-			21,518
Stock-based compensation:
- options and warrants		-		-		882,812			-			882,812
Net loss		-		-		-			(2,507,660	)		(2,507,660	)
Balance - March 31, 2018		6,483,253		6,483		46,215,334			(53,912,113	)		(7,690,296	)
Shares and warrants issued for cash		10,000		10		24,990			-			25,000
Shares issued in exchange for notes payable and accrued interest		236,248		236		467,430			-			467,666
Shares issued and recorded as debt discount in connection with note payable issuances or extensions		18,000		18		26,232			-			26,250
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity		-		-		(9,397	)		-			(9,397	)
Stock-based compensation:
- options		-		-		827,187			-			827,187
Net loss		-		-		-			(3,514,423	)		(3,514,423	)
Balance - June 30, 2018		6,747,501	$	6,747	$	47,551,776		$	(57,426,536	)	$	(9,868,013	)

See Notes to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

5

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

	For The Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2019			2018
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	$	(8,040,362	)	$	(6,022,083	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Amortization of debt discount		1,734,403			1,343,628
Accretion of interest expense		235,122			333,425
Depreciation and amortization		105,647			121,624
Stock-based compensation		1,258,482			1,709,999
Loss on extinguishment of note payables, net		1,000,595			63,788
Gain on settlement of payables		(29,300	)		-
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		203,313			(58,048	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(2,000	)		1,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(7,928	)		(5,065	)
Security deposit		22,100			-
Accounts payable		(457,444	)		(177,666	)
Accrued interest, expenses and other current liabilities		580,255			490,821
Total adjustments		4,643,245			3,823,506
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities		(3,397,117	)		(2,198,577	)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(29,371	)		(12,869	)
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities		(29,371	)		(12,869	)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Offering costs incurred		(12,929	)		-
Proceeds from notes payable		5,991,198			1,473,552
Repayments of notes payable - principal		(2,201,629	)		(149,425	)
Repayments of notes payable - prepayment premiums		(340,009	)		-
Advances from officers and a family member of an officer		-			32,000
Repayments of advances from officers and a family member of an officer		-			(32,000	)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants		-			414,168
Sales of common stock and warrants for cash		1,156,000			25,000
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities		4,592,631			1,763,295
Net Increase (Decrease) In Cash		1,166,143			(448,151	)
Cash at beginning of period		117,523			451,680
Cash at end of period	$	1,283,666		$	3,529

See Notes to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

6

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Continued

(unaudited)

	For The Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2019		2018
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	134,536	$	9,355
Income tax	$	-	$	-
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Shares issued and recorded as debt discount in connection with notes payable issuances or extensions	$	61,220	$	87,457
Shares issued in exchange for notes payable and accrued interest	$	3,573,720	$	641,592
Conversion of notes payable and accrued interest into common stock	$	-	$	52,904
Shares and warrants issued in satisfaction of accrued consulting services	$	7,200	$	38,000
Bifurcated embedded conversion options and warrants recorded as derivative liability and debt discount	$	3,168,462	$	1,233,410
Beneficial conversion features set up as debt discount	$	-	$	21,518
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity	$	2,637,996	$	-
Warrants issued for consulting services recorded as derivative liabilities	$	56,000	$	-
Accrued interest reclassified to notes payable principal	$	23,013	$	-
Offering costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	149,074	$	-
Original issue discount in connection with notes payable	$	355,940	$	150,948

See Notes to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

7

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 1 – Business Organization and Nature of Operations

BioRestorative Therapies, Inc. has one wholly-owned subsidiary, Stem Pearls, LLC (“Stem Pearls”). BioRestorative Therapies, Inc. and its subsidiary are referred to collectively as “BRT” or the “Company” (See Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Principles of Consolidation). BRT develops therapeutic products and medical therapies using cell and tissue protocols, primarily involving adult stem cells. BRT’s website is at www.biorestorative.com. BRT is currently developing a Disc/Spine Program referred to as “brtxDISC”. Its lead cell therapy candidate, BRTX-100, is a product formulated from autologous (or a person’s own) cultured mesenchymal stem cells collected from the patient’s bone marrow. The product is intended to be used for the non-surgical treatment of painful lumbosacral disc disorders. BRT is also engaging in research efforts with respect to a platform technology utilizing brown adipose (fat) for therapeutic purposes to treat type 2 diabetes, obesity and other metabolic disorders and has labeled this initiative its ThermoStem Program. Further, BRT has licensed a patented curved needle device that is a needle system designed to deliver cells and/or other therapeutic products or material to the spine and discs or other potential sites.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, such statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring items) which are considered necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company as of June 30, 2019 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year ending December 31, 2019 or any other period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related disclosures of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and for the year then ended, which were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 10-K on March 29, 2019.

Note 2 – Going Concern and Management’s Plans

As of June 30, 2019, the Company had a working capital deficiency and a stockholders’ deficiency of $9,786,144 and $8,942,471, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company incurred net losses of $4,157,190 and $8,040,362, respectively. These conditions indicate that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within the next twelve months from the filing date of this report.

The Company’s primary source of operating funds since inception has been equity and debt financings. The Company intends to continue to raise additional capital through debt and equity financings. There is no assurance that these funds will be sufficient to enable the Company to fully complete its development activities or attain profitable operations. If the Company is unable to obtain such additional financing on a timely basis or, notwithstanding any request the Company may make, the Company’s debt holders do not agree to convert their notes into equity or extend the maturity dates of their notes, the Company may have to curtail its development, marketing and promotional activities, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, and ultimately the Company could be forced to discontinue its operations and liquidate.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern and the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities presented in the financial statements do not necessarily purport to represent realizable or settlement values. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustment that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

8

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company has received aggregate debt proceeds of $971,500, debt (inclusive of accrued interest) of $259,209 has been exchanged for common stock, $980,970 of debt (inclusive of accrued interest) has been repaid, and the due date for the repayment of $1,053,102 of debt has been further extended to dates ranging between July 2019 (each of which were subsequently exchanged for common stock or further extended) and July 2020. As a result, the Company expects to have the cash required to fund its operations through September 2019 while it continues to apply efforts to raise additional capital. While there can be no assurance that it will be successful, the Company is in negotiations to raise additional capital. As of the filing date of this report, the Company has a note payable with a principal balance of $144,000 which is past due. The Company is currently in the process of negotiating an extension with respect to this note, though there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful. See Note 9 – Subsequent Events for details regarding the Company entering into a securities purchase agreement with an investor for the purchase of preferred stock, a warrant and a convertible note and exchange agreements with respect to the exchange of debt for common stock and warrants.

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Stem Pearls. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods. The Company’s significant estimates and assumptions include the recoverability and useful lives of long-lived assets, the fair value of the Company’s stock, stock-based compensation, warrants issued in connection with notes payable, derivative liabilities and the valuation allowance related to the Company’s deferred tax assets. Certain of the Company’s estimates, including the carrying amount of the intangible assets, could be affected by external conditions, including those unique to the Company and general economic conditions. It is reasonably possible that these external factors could have an effect on the Company’s estimates and could cause actual results to differ from those estimates.

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred offering costs, which primarily consist of direct, incremental professional fees incurred in connection with preparing for a contemplated public offering of the Company’s equity securities (as described in Note 9 – Subsequent Events), are capitalized as non-current assets on the balance sheet. Upon the consummation of such contemplated offering, the deferred offering costs will be offset against the equity offering proceeds. As of June 30, 2019, the Company incurred deferred offering costs in the amount of $162,003, of which $127,074 and $22,000 are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses, respectively, on the June 30, 2019 condensed consolidated balance sheet, in connection with such contemplated public offering.

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”). The core principle of ASC 606 requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than required under existing U.S. GAAP including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation.

The five-step process outlined in the ASC 606 is as follows:

Step 1 – Identify the Contract with the Customer – A contract exists when (a) the parties to the contract have approved the contract and are committed to perform their respective obligations, (b) the entity can identify each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred, (c) the entity can identify the payment terms for the goods or services to be transferred, (d) the contract has commercial substance and it is probable that the entity will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer.

9

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Step 2 – Identify Performance Obligations in the Contract – Upon execution of a contract, the Company identifies as performance obligations each promise to transfer to the customer either (a) goods or services that are distinct or (b) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, the Company must apply judgement to determine whether the goods or services are capable of being distinct within the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met, the goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

Step 3 – Determine the Transaction Price – When (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, the Company shall recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the performance obligation. The contract terms are used to determine the transaction price. Generally, all contracts include fixed consideration. If a contract did include variable consideration, the Company would determine the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price based on expected value method. Variable consideration would be included in the transaction price, if in the Company’s judgement, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract would not occur.

Step 4 – Allocate the Transaction Price – After the transaction price has been determined, the next step is to allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract. If the contract only has one performance obligation, the entire transaction price will be applied to that obligation. If the contract has multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling price (SSP) at contract inception.

Step 5 – Satisfaction of the Performance Obligations (and Recognize Revenue) – Revenue is recognized when (or as) goods or services are transferred to a customer. The Company satisfies each of its performance obligations by transferring control of the promised good or service underlying that performance obligation to the customer. Control is the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, an asset. It includes the ability to prevent other entities from directing the use of, and obtaining the benefits from, an asset. Indicators that control has passed to the customer include: a present obligation to pay; physical possession of the asset; legal title; risks and rewards of ownership; and acceptance of the asset. Performance obligations can be satisfied at a point in time or over time.

The Company recognizes all of its revenue pursuant to a license agreement between the Company and a stem cell treatment company (“SCTC”) entered into in January 2012, as amended in November 2015. Pursuant to the license agreement, the SCTC granted to the Company a license to use certain intellectual property related to, among other things, stem cell disc procedures and the Company has granted to the SCTC a non-exclusive sublicense to use, and the right to sublicense to third parties the right to use, in certain locations in the United States and the Cayman Islands, certain of the licensed intellectual property. In consideration of the sublicenses, the SCTC has agreed to pay the Company royalties on a per disc procedure basis.

The Company recognizes sublicensing and royalty revenue on a per disc procedure basis when the third-party sale occurs. All sales have fixed pricing and there are currently no variable components included in the Company’s revenue. The timing of the Company’s revenue recognition may differ from the timing of receiving royalty payments. A receivable is recorded when revenue is recognized prior to receipt of a royalty payment and the Company has an unconditional right to the royalty payment. Alternatively, when a royalty payment precedes the provision of the related services, the Company records deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized $31,000 and $60,000, respectively, of revenue related to the Company’s sublicenses. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized $37,000 and $56,000, respectively, of revenue related to the Company’s sublicenses.

The Company adopted ASC 606 for all applicable contracts using the modified retrospective method, which would have required a cumulative-effect adjustment, if any, as of the date of adoption. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of the date of adoption. As a result, a cumulative-effect adjustment was not required.

10

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of vested common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other instruments to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average dilutive common shares because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	June 30,
	2019		2018
Options		4,739,535		3,615,119
Warrants		5,852,952		3,318,403
Convertible notes - common stock [1]		21,525,021		2,713,717
Convertible notes - warrants		2,555,318		-
Total potentially dilutive shares		34,672,826		9,647,239

[1] As of June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, many of the convertible notes had variable conversion prices and the shares were estimated based on market conditions. Pursuant to the note agreements, on June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 there were 105,349,305 and 15,771,133 shares of common stock reserved for future note conversions, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. The fair value of the award is measured on the grant date and is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. The Company estimates the fair value of the awards granted based on the market value of its freely tradable common stock as reported on the OTCQB market. Upon the exercise of an option or warrant, the Company issues new shares of common stock out of its authorized shares.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its convertible instruments to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with Topic 815 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC. The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company record embedded conversion options (“ECOs”) and any related freestanding instruments at their fair values as of the inception date of the agreement and at fair value as of each subsequent balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recorded as non-operating, non-cash income or expense for each reporting period at each balance sheet date. Conversion options are recorded as a discount to the host instrument and are amortized as amortization of debt discount on the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements over the life of the underlying instrument. The Company reassesses the classification of its derivative instruments at each balance sheet date. If the classification changes as a result of events during the period, the contract is reclassified as of the date of the event that caused the reclassification.

The Multinomial Lattice Model and Black-Scholes Model were used to estimate the fair value of the ECOs of convertible notes payable, the warrants, and stock options that are classified as derivative liabilities on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The models include subjective input assumptions that can materially affect the fair value estimates. The expected volatility is estimated based on the actual volatility during the most recent historical period of time equal to the weighted average life of the instruments.

11

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Sequencing Policy

Under ASC 815-40-35 (“ASC 815”), the Company has adopted a sequencing policy, whereby, in the event that reclassification of contracts from equity to assets or liabilities is necessary pursuant to ASC 815 due to the Company’s inability to demonstrate it has sufficient authorized shares as a result of certain securities with a potentially indeterminable number of shares, shares will be allocated on the basis of the earliest issuance date of potentially dilutive instruments, with the earliest grants receiving the first allocation of shares. Pursuant to ASC 815, issuances of securities to the Company’s employees or directors are not subject to the sequencing policy.

Reclassification

Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net loss.

Subsequent Events

The Company evaluates events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, except as disclosed.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. This amendment will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10 “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU 2018-10”), ASU No. 2018-11 “Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements” (“ASU 2018-11”) in July 2018, and ASU No. 2018-20 “Leases (Topic 842) - Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors” (“ASU 2018-20”) in December 2018. ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-20 provide certain amendments that affect narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-02. ASU 2018-11 allows all entities adopting ASU 2016-02 to choose an additional (and optional) transition method of adoption, under which an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating these ASUs and their impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”. The new standard will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has adopted this standard as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and financial statement disclosures.

12

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718)” (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 is intended to reduce cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for nonemployee share-based payments. Currently, the accounting requirements for nonemployee and employee share-based payment transactions are significantly different. ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. This ASU supersedes Subtopic 505-50, Equity — Equity-Based Payments to Nonemployees. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than a company’s adoption date of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company early adopted this accounting standard as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and financial statement disclosures.

In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, “Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements” (“Topic 842”) (“ASU 2019-01”). These amendments align the guidance for fair value of the underlying asset by lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers in Topic 842 with that of existing guidance. As a result, the fair value of the underlying asset at lease commencement is its cost, reflecting any volume or trade discounts that may apply. However, if there has been a significant lapse of time between when the underlying asset is acquired and when the lease commences, the definition of fair value (in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement) should be applied. (Issue 1). The ASU also requires lessors within the scope of Topic 942, Financial Services—Depository and Lending, to present all “principal payments received under leases” within investing activities. (Issue 2). Finally, the ASU exempts both lessees and lessors from having to provide certain interim disclosures in the fiscal year in which a company adopts the new leases standard. (Issue 3). The transition and effective date provisions apply to Issue 1 and Issue 2. They do not apply to Issue 3 because the amendments for that Issue are to the original transition requirements in Topic 842. The effective date of those amendments is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2019-01 and its impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and financial statement disclosures.

In July 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-07, “Codification Updates to SEC Sections — Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Final Rule Releases No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, and Nos. 33-10231 and 33-10442, Investment Company Reporting Modernization and Miscellaneous Updates (SEC Update)” (“ASU 2019-07”). ASU 2019-07 aligns the guidance in various SEC sections of the Codification with the requirements of certain SEC final rules. ASU 2019-07 is effective immediately. The adoption of ASU 2019-07 did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 4 – Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are comprised of the following:

	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Accrued payroll and other accrued expenses	$	61,884	$	91,560
Accrued research and development expenses		696,175		646,175
Accrued general and administrative expenses		1,360,545		1,084,831
Accrued director compensation		532,500		482,500
Deferred rent		14,573		33,610
Total accrued expenses		2,665,677		2,338,676
Less: accrued expenses, current portion		2,665,677		2,302,176
Accrued expenses, non-current portion	$	-	$	36,500

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with a certain consultant, pursuant to which $46,500 of previously accrued consulting fees were exchanged for 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and a $10,000 cash payment. The value of the shares was $7,200, and accordingly the Company recorded a gain on settlement of payables of $29,300 which is reflected within general and administrative expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

13

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 5 – Notes Payable

A summary of the notes payable activity during the six months ended June 30, 2019 is presented below:

	Related Party			Convertible			Other			Debt
	Notes			Notes			Notes			Discount			Total
Outstanding, January 1, 2019	$	720,000		$	4,309,415		$	132,501		$	(1,012,363	)	$	4,149,553
Issuances		475,000			6,000,152	[1]		-			-			6,475,152
Exchanges for equity		-			(1,550,471	)		-			354,900			(1,195,571	)
Repayments		(15,000	)		(2,186,629	)		-			187,484			(2,014,145	)
Extinguishment of notes payable		-			-			(148,014)	[1]		6,196			(141,818	)
Recognition of debt discount		-			-			-			(3,565,622	)		(3,565,622	)
Accretion of interest expense		-			-			-			235,122			235,122
Accrued interest reclassified to notes payable principal		-			-			23,013			-			23,013
Amortization of debt discount		-			-			-			1,734,403			1,734,403
Outstanding, June 30, 2019 [2]	$	1,180,000		$	6,572,467	[3]	$	7,500		$	(2,059,880	)	$	5,700,087

[1]	During the six months ended June 30, 2019, a convertible note in the principal amount of $148,014 was issued concurrently with the extinguishment of a certain note payable in the same aggregate principal amount. See below within Note 5 – Notes Payable – Conversions, Exchanges and Other for additional details.
[2]	As of June 30, 2019, outstanding related party notes, convertible notes and other notes in the aggregate principal amounts of $0, $168,000 and $7,500, respectively, were considered past due.
[3]	As of June 30, 2019, a portion of convertible notes with an aggregate principal balance of $3,808,241 were convertible into shares of common stock at the election of the holder any time until the balance has been paid in full. As of June 30, 2019, a portion of convertible notes with an aggregate principal balance of $2,764,226, which are not currently convertible, will become convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the election of the respective holder subsequent to June 30, 2019.

Related Party Notes

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company issued to family members of an officer of the Company and a Scientific Advisory Board member (the “SAB Member”) notes payable in the aggregate principal amount of $475,000, which bear interest at the rate of 15% per annum and provide for maturity dates between July 2019 and August 2019.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company partially repaid a certain related party note in the principal amount of $15,000.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company and a certain related party agreed to further extend the maturity date of a note payable with a principal balance of $30,000 from January 2019 to December 2019.

As of June 30, 2019, related party notes consisted of notes payable issued to certain directors of the Company, family members of an officer of the Company, the SAB Member, and Tuxis Trust (the “Trust”). A director and principal shareholder of the Company serves as a trustee of the Trust, which was established for the benefit of his immediate family.

As of June 30, 2019, certain related party notes in the aggregate principal amount of $475,000 were convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.60 per share, subject to adjustment, and a five year warrant (the “Warrant”) for the purchase of a number of shares equal to the number of shares issued upon the conversion of the principal amount of the Note. The Warrant provides for an exercise price of $0.80 per share, subject to adjustment. As of June 30, 2019, the other related party notes in the aggregate principal amount of $705,000 were not convertible. See Note 9 – Subsequent Events for details regarding amendments to notes held by a director of the Company, and the Trust.

14

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Convertible Notes

Issuances

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company issued certain lenders convertible notes payable in the aggregate principal amount of $5,852,138 for aggregate cash proceeds of $5,516,198. The difference of $335,940 was recorded as a debt discount and will be amortized over the terms of the respective notes. The convertible notes bear interest at rates ranging between 8% to 15% per annum payable at maturity with original maturity dates ranging between July 2019 through June 2020. In connection with the issuance of a certain convertible note, the Company issued the lender 68,873 shares of the Company’s common stock and the relative fair value of $54,168 was recorded as debt discount and is being amortized over the term of the note. In connection with the issuance of certain convertible notes, the Company issued the lenders five-year warrants to purchase an aggregate of 165,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at exercise prices ranging from $0.56 per share to $1.00 per share. The aggregate grant date value of the warrants was $66,500, which was recorded as debt discount and is being amortized over the terms of the respective convertible notes. The warrants were subject to the Company’s sequencing policy and, as a result, were initially recorded as derivative liabilities. See below within Note 5 – Notes Payable – Conversions, Exchanges and Other and Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details regarding the ECOs of the convertible notes.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, a certain convertible note in the principal amount of $148,014 was issued concurrently with the extinguishment of a certain other note payable in the same principal amount. See below within Note 5 – Notes Payable – Convertible Notes – Conversions, Exchanges and Other for additional details.

Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions

As of June 30, 2019, outstanding convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3,808,241 were convertible into shares of common stock of the Company as follows: (i) $2,007,139 of aggregate convertible notes were convertible at a fixed price ranging from $1.00 to $2.00 per share for the first six months following the respective issue date, and thereafter at a conversion price generally equal to a range of 58% to 65% of the fair value of the Company’s stock, subject to adjustment, until the respective note has been paid in full, (ii) $876,102 of aggregate convertible notes were convertible generally at a range of 58% to 65% of the fair value of the Company’s stock, subject to adjustment, depending on the note, and (iii) $925,000 of aggregate convertible notes were convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price ranging from $0.50 to $0.60 per share, subject to adjustment, and five-year warrants to purchase common stock of the Company in the same ratio. The warrants provide for an exercise price ranging from $0.75 to $0.80 per share, subject to adjustment. Convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $275,000 provide for a mandatory conversion into common stock of the Company and warrants to purchase common stock of the Company in the same ratio upon the completion of an underwritten public offering by the Company of its securities whereby the conversion price shall be equal to the lower of the respective original conversion terms, or 75% of the offering price for the shares of common stock of the Company, or units of shares of common stock of the Company and warrants, as the case may be, sold pursuant to the public offering. The Company analyzes the ECOs of its convertible notes at issuance to determine whether the ECO should be bifurcated and accounted for as a derivative liability or if the ECO contains a beneficial conversion feature. See below within Note 5 – Notes Payable – Convertible Notes – Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions and Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details regarding the ECOs of the convertible notes.

As of June 30, 2019, a portion of convertible notes with an aggregate principal balance of $2,764,226, which were not yet convertible, will generally become convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock subsequent to June 30, 2019 at a conversion price generally equal to 58% of the fair value of the Company’s stock, subject to adjustment, until the respective notes have been paid in full.

As of June 30, 2019, outstanding convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $4,096,363 have prepayment premiums, whereby, in the event that the Company elects to prepay certain notes during the one hundred eighty-day period following the issue date, the respective holder is entitled to receive a prepayment premium of up to 35%, depending on the note, on the then outstanding principal balance including accrued interest.

15

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

As of June 30, 2019, outstanding convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3,082,328 have most favored nation (“MFN”) provisions, whereby, so long as such respective note is outstanding, upon any issuance by the Company of any security with certain identified provisions more favorable to the holder of such security, then at the respective holder’s option, those more favorable terms shall become a part of the transaction documents with the holder. As of June 30, 2019, notes with applicable MFN provisions were convertible using MFN conversion prices equal to 58% of the fair market value of the Company’s stock, as defined.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company determined that certain ECOs of issued or extended convertible notes were derivative liabilities. The aggregate issuance date value of the bifurcated ECOs was $3,186,760, of which $3,101,962 was recorded as a debt discount and is being amortized over the terms of the respective convertible notes and $84,798 was recognized as part of an extinguishment loss as described below. See Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details.

Conversions, Exchanges and Other

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company and certain lenders exchanged certain convertible notes with bifurcated ECOs with an aggregate net carrying amount of $3,191,611 (including an aggregate of $1,550,471 of principal less debt discount of $354,900, $73,238 of accrued interest and $1,922,802 related to the separated ECOs accounted for as derivative liabilities) for an aggregate of 5,710,099 shares of the Company’s common stock at conversion prices ranging from $0.17 to $0.43 per share. The common stock had an aggregate exchange date value of $3,573,720 and, as a result, the Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of notes payable of $382,109. See Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company repaid an aggregate principal amount of $2,186,629 of convertible notes payable, $131,935 of the respective aggregate accrued interest and an aggregate of $340,009 of prepayment premiums. As a result of the repayments, the Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of notes payable of $527,492 and an aggregate of $187,484 of the related debt discounts were extinguished.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, a certain lender to the Company acquired a promissory note (classified in Other Notes) issued by the Company in the outstanding amount of $148,014 (inclusive of accrued interest reclassified to principal of $23,013) from a certain lender to the Company. The Company exchanged the acquired note for a new convertible note in the principal amount of $148,014 which accrues interest at a rate of 12% per annum, payable on the maturity date in March 2020. The ECO of the note was subject to sequencing and the issuance date fair value of $84,798 was accounted for as a derivative liability (see Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details). Since the fair value of the new ECO exceeded 10% of the principal amount of the new note, the note exchange was accounted for as an extinguishment, and accordingly the Company recognized a net loss on extinguishment of $90,994 in connection with the derecognition of the net carrying amount of $141,818 of the extinguished debt and the issuance of the new convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount $148,014 plus the fair value of the new note’s ECO of an aggregate of $84,798.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company and a certain lender agreed to an extension of the maturity date of a certain note payable with a principal balance of $100,000 from a maturity date in June 2019 to a new maturity date in December 2019. In consideration of the extension, the Company modified the conversion terms of the lender’s note to provide for a mandatory conversion into common stock of the Company and a five-year warrant to purchase common stock of the Company in the same ratio upon the completion of an underwritten public offering by the Company of its securities whereby, the conversion price shall be equal to the lower of the respective original conversion terms, or 75% of the offering price for the shares of common stock of the Company, or units of shares of common stock of the Company and warrants, as the case may be, sold pursuant to the public offering.

Other Notes

Exchange and Other

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company and a certain lender agreed to an extension of the maturity date of a certain note payable with a principal balance of $125,000 from a maturity date in January 2019 to a new maturity date in December 2019. In consideration of the extension, the Company issued the lender 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The issuance date fair value of the common stock of $7,052 was recorded as debt discount and is being amortized over the remaining term of the note.

16

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $148,014 was issued concurrently with the extinguishment of a certain other note payable in the same principal amount. See above within Note 5 – Notes Payable – Conversions, Exchanges and Other for additional details.

Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies

Consulting Agreements

Business Advisory Services

In January 2019, an agreement for business advisory services that had expired on December 31, 2018 was further extended and now provides for an expiration date of December 31, 2019. In consideration of the extension of the term of the consulting agreement, the Company issued to the consultant a five-year, immediately vested warrant for the purchase of 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. The grant date value of the warrant of $56,000 was recognized immediately as stock-based compensation expense which is reflected as consulting expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The warrant was subject to the Company’s sequencing policy and, as a result, was recorded as a derivative liability. See Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details.

Operating Lease

The Company is a party to a lease for 6,800 square feet of space located in Melville, New York (the “Melville Lease”) with respect to its corporate and laboratory operations. The Melville Lease was scheduled to expire in March 2020 (subject to extension at the option of the Company for a period of five years) and calls for an annual base rental during the initial term ranging between $132,600 and $149,260. In June 2019, the Company exercised its option to extend the Melville Lease and entered into a lease amendment with the lessor whereby the five-year extension term will commence on January 1, 2020 with annual base rent ranging between $153,748 and $173,060.

The Company’s rent expense amounted to approximately $24,000 and $54,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The Company’s rent expense amounted to approximately $31,000 and $61,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. Rent expense is reflected in general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Litigations, Claims and Assessments

In the normal course of business, the Company may be involved in legal proceedings, claims or assessments arising from the ordinary course of business, and as of June 30, 2019, none are expected to materially impact the Company’s financial position.

The Company records legal costs associated with loss contingencies as incurred and accrues for all probable and estimable settlements.

Bonus Accruals

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had remaining accruals of approximately $91,000 for bonus milestones that were achieved in prior years and remained unpaid. As of June 30, 2019, the remaining accruals for bonus milestones achieved in prior years had been paid in full. In April 2019, the Company’s Compensation Committee and Board of Directors approved performance goals associated with cash bonuses payable to certain officers for the year ending December 31, 2019 and, as a result, the Company accrued $61,290 for 2019 cash bonuses as of June 30, 2019.

17

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 7 – Stockholders’ Deficiency

Authorized Capital and 2010 Equity Plan

In March 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an increase in the number of authorized shares of common stock to 150,000,000, subject to shareholder approval. Additionally, the Board of Directors approved an increase in the number of authorized shares issuable under the Company’s 2010 Equity Participation Plan to 20,000,000, subject to shareholder approval. In May 2019, such shareholder approval was obtained.

In March 2019, the Board of Directors determined to submit to the Company’s shareholders for their approval amendments to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (with the Board of Directors having the authority to select and file one such amendment) to effect a reverse split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of not less than 1-for-2 and not more than 1-for-20, with the Board of Directors having the discretion as to whether or not the reverse stock split is to be effected, and with the exact ratio of any reverse stock split to be set at a whole number within the above range as determined by the Board of Directors in its discretion. Concurrently, the Board of Directors determined to submit to the Company’s shareholders for their approval a proposal to authorize the Board of Directors, in the event the reverse stock split proposal is approved by the shareholders, in its discretion, to reduce the number of authorized shares of common stock in proportion to the percentage decrease in the number of outstanding shares of common stock resulting from the reverse split (or a lesser decrease in authorized shares of common stock as determined by the Board of Directors in its discretion). In May 2019, the Company’s shareholders approved the foregoing proposals.

Compensatory Common Stock Issuance

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company issued 75,000 shares of immediately vested common stock valued at $30,000 to a consultant for services rendered.

Warrant and Option Valuation

The Company has computed the fair value of warrants and options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The expected term used for warrants and options issued to non-employees is the contractual life and the expected term used for options issued to employees and directors is the estimated period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The Company utilizes the “simplified” method to develop an estimate of the expected term of “plain vanilla” employee option grants. The Company is utilizing an expected volatility figure based on a review of the historical volatilities, over a period of time, equivalent to the expected life of the instrument being valued, of similarly positioned public companies within its industry. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining term consistent with the expected term of the instrument being valued.

Common Stock and Warrant Offerings

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,191,111 shares of common stock of the Company, five-year immediately vested warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,135,556 shares of common stock of the Company at exercise prices ranging from $0.85 per share to $1.00 per share and one-year immediately vested warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,055,555 shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.70 per share to certain investors for aggregate gross proceeds of $1,156,000. The warrants had an aggregate grant date fair value of $899,689. The warrants were subject to the Company’s sequencing policy and, as a result, were initially recorded as derivative liabilities. See Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details.

Stock Warrants

Warrant Compensation

See Note 6 – Commitments and Contingences for additional details associated with the issuance of a warrant in connection with a consulting agreement extension.

18

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The Company recorded stock–based compensation expense of $0 and $56,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, related to stock warrants issued as compensation, which is reflected as consulting expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded stock–based compensation expense of $0 and $48,192, respectively, related to stock warrants issued as compensation.

Warrant Activity Summary

In applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model to warrants granted or issued, the Company used the following assumptions:

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Risk free interest rate		1.84% - 2.37	%		2.83	%		1.84% - 2.62	%		1.92% - 2.83	%
Contractual term (years)		1.00 - 5.00			5.00			1.00 - 5.00			1.98 - 5.00
Expected volatility		136% - 139	%		136	%		136% - 150	%		128% - 136	%
Expected dividends		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%

The weighted average estimated fair value of the warrants granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was approximately $0.34 and $0.42 per share, respectively. The weighted average estimated fair value of the warrants granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was approximately $1.23 and $1.22 per share, respectively.

A summary of the warrant activity during the six months ended June 30, 2019 is presented below:

						Weighted
				Weighted		Average
				Average		Remaining		Aggregate
	Number of			Exercise		Life		Intrinsic
	Warrants			Price		In Years		Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2019		3,483,403		$	3.63
Issued		2,456,111			0.78
Expired		(86,562	)		5.15
Outstanding, June 30, 2019		5,852,952		$	2.41		2.3	$	-
Exercisable, June 30, 2019		5,852,952		$	2.41		2.3	$	-

19

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The following table presents information related to stock warrants at June 30, 2019:

Warrants Outstanding			Warrants Exercisable
			Weighted
	Outstanding		Average		Exercisable
Exercise	Number of		Remaining Life		Number of
Price	Warrants		In Years		Warrants
$0.56 - $0.99		2,456,111		3.0		2,456,111
$1.00 - $1.99		844,444		0.5		844,444
$2.00 - $2.99		75,000		4.3		75,000
$3.00 - $3.99		70,000		4.0		70,000
$4.00 - $4.99		2,102,135		2.0		2,102,135
$5.00 - $5.99		195,989		2.0		195,989
$6.00 - $7.99		40,000		1.1		40,000
$8.00 - $9.99		2,500		0.4		2,500
$10.00 - $15.00		66,773		0.6		66,773
		5,852,952		2.3		5,852,952

Stock Options

In March 2019, the Board of Directors reduced the exercise price of outstanding stock options for the purchase of an aggregate of 4,631,700 shares of common stock of the Company (with exercise prices ranging between $1.00 and $4.70 per share) to $0.75 per share, which was the closing price for the Company’s common stock on the day prior to determination, as reported by the OTCQB market. The exercise price reduction related to options held by, among others, the Company’s officers, directors, advisors and employees. The incremental value of the modified options compared to the original options, both valued as of the respective modification date, of $452,637 is being recognized over the vesting term of the options.

The following table presents information related to stock options at June 30, 2019:

Options Outstanding			Options Exercisable
			Weighted
	Outstanding		Average		Exercisable
Exercise	Number of		Remaining Life		Number of
Price	Options		In Years		Options
$0.75 - $0.99		4,623,367		6.9		3,167,037
$1.00 - $5.99		43,668		0.8		43,668
$6.00 - $19.99		37,500		4.5		37,500
$20.00 - $30.00		35,000		2.7		35,000
		4,739,535		6.8		3,283,205

20

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The following table presents information related to stock option expense:

											Weighted
											Average
											Remaining
	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended				Unrecognized at		Amortization
	June 30,				June 30,				June 30,		Period
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		(Years)
Consulting	$	175,567	$	241,590	$	471,649	$	505,817	$	181,413		1.3
Research and development		96,138		68,593		245,932		144,438		398,589		1.8
General and administrative		171,099		517,004		454,901		1,011,552		633,859		1.4
	$	442,804	$	827,187	$	1,172,482	$	1,661,807	$	1,213,861		1.5

Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities

The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of Level 3 derivative liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Beginning balance as of January 1, 2019	$	1,094,607
Issuance of derivative liabilities		4,208,949
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities in connection with convertible note repayments and exchanges		(1,922,802	)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		203,313
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity		(2,637,996	)
Ending balance as of June 30, 2019	$	946,071

In applying the Multinomial Lattice and Black-Scholes option pricing models to derivatives issued and outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company used the following assumptions:

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Risk free interest rate		1.71% - 2.42	%		2.24% - 2.73	%		1.71% - 2.62	%		1.22% - 2.56	%
Expected term (years)		0.02 - 5.00			0.26 - 4.41			0.02 - 5.00			0.26 - 4.91
Expected volatility		98% - 139	%		100% - 164	%		98% - 156	%		100% - 164	%
Expected dividends		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded new derivative liabilities in the aggregate amounts of $3,186,760 and $1,022,189 related to the ECOs of certain convertible notes payable and warrants subject to sequencing, respectively. See Note 5 – Notes Payable – Convertible Notes for additional details. See Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies and Note 7 – Stockholders’ Deficiency for warrants issued and deemed to be derivative liabilities.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company extinguished an aggregate of $1,922,802 of derivative liabilities in connection with repayments and exchanges of certain convertible notes payable into shares of the Company’s common stock. See Note 5 – Notes Payable – Convertible Notes for additional details.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company reclassified an aggregate of $2,637,996 of derivative liabilities to equity as a result of a change in the sequencing status.

On June 30, 2019, the Company recomputed the fair value of ECOs recorded as derivative liabilities to be $688,738. The Company recorded a loss on the change in fair value of these derivative liabilities of $342,765 and $439,602 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

21

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

On June 30, 2019, the Company recomputed the fair value of the derivative liabilities related to outstanding warrants to be $257,333. These warrants are either redeemable for cash equal to the Black-Scholes value, as defined, at the election of the warrant holder upon a fundamental transaction pursuant to the warrant terms or were issued subsequent to the commencement of sequencing. The Company recorded a gain on the change in fair value of these derivative liabilities of $185,716 and $236,289 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

Note 9 – Subsequent Events

Arena Investors

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Arena Purchase Agreement”) with Arena Investors LP (“Arena”) pursuant to which Arena has agreed to acquire 5,500,000 shares of Series A preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company, a warrant for the purchase of 6,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (the “Arena Warrant”) and a convertible promissory note of the Company in the principal amount of $500,000 (the “Arena Note”), in consideration of a payment by Arena to the Company of an aggregate of $5,400,000. The closing of the Arena Purchase Agreement is subject to, among other things, approval by the shareholders of the Company of the Arena Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, the concurrent execution of an underwriting agreement with regard to a public offering of the Company’s securities with gross proceeds to the Company of at least $7,500,000 (the “Public Offering”) and approval by the Nasdaq Stock Market of the Company’s pending listing application with respect to its shares of common stock. The number of shares of common stock subject to the Arena Warrant is subject to adjustment for the Company’s contemplated reverse stock split in connection with the Public Offering.

The shares of Series A preferred stock will be convertible, at the option of Arena, into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price generally equal to 75% of the public offering price for the common stock, or units of common stock and warrants, as the case may be, offered pursuant to the Public Offering, except that, with respect to any shares of Series A preferred stock that are outstanding as of the 18 month anniversary of the closing date of the Arena Purchase Agreement (or earlier under certain circumstances), the conversion price will be, if lower, 85% of the market price of the shares of common stock of the Company as of such anniversary date (or such earlier date) (but in no event less than $0.10 per share, subject to adjustment for reverse stock splits and the like). The shares of Series A preferred stock will carry a 12% cumulative dividend and will be redeemable at the Company’s option, subject to certain conditions, provided that the Company pays a redemption premium of 25%. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, the holders of the Series A preferred stock will be entitled to receive the stated value of the shares of $5,500,000, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, before any distribution is made to the holders of common stock or other junior securities. Except as required by law, the holders of the Series A preferred stock will not have any voting rights.

The Arena Warrant will be exercisable for a period of three years at an exercise price per share generally equal to the lesser of 125% of the conversion price for the shares of Series A preferred stock or 100% of the exercise price of any warrants included as part of units offered pursuant to the Public Offering (the “Public Warrants”). In the event the ratio of the number of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the Public Warrants to the number of shares of common stock included as part of such units is greater than one-to-one, then the number of shares of common stock of the Company underlying the Arena Warrant will be proportionately increased. Arena will be able to exercise the Arena Warrant on a cashless basis if, as of the six month anniversary of the closing date, the shares of common stock underlying the Arena Warrant are not then registered for resale pursuant to an effective registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

The Arena Note will provide for an 18-month maturity date (subject to extension in the event any shares of Series A preferred stock are outstanding as of such date) and interest at the rate of 12% per annum. The principal amount of the Arena Note will be convertible into shares of Series A preferred stock of the Company at a ratio of one share of Series A preferred stock for each dollar of indebtedness converted. The Company will have the right to prepay the Arena Note, subject to certain conditions, provided that the Company pays a 30% prepayment premium and concurrently redeems any outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock. The payment of the Arena Note will be secured by the grant by the Company of a security interest in its tangible and intangible assets.

22

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

In connection with the Arena Purchase Agreement, the Company will enter into a separate registration rights agreement with Arena at closing pursuant to which the Company will agree to undertake to file a registration statement with the SEC to register the resale of the shares underlying the Series A preferred stock and the Arena Warrant. Arena has agreed to enter into a lock-up agreement with the representative of the underwriters of the Public Offering pursuant to which it will agree that it will not sell publicly any shares of common stock of the Company for a period of 135 days following the Public Offering unless the closing price of the shares of common stock of the Company equals or exceeds, for a period of five consecutive trading days, 150% of the public offering price for the securities offered pursuant to the Public Offering. If the Company fails to file the registration statement with the SEC within 50 days following the Public Offering or have it declared effective by the SEC within 135 days following the Public Offering, or if the Company fails to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement until all of such shares of common stock have been sold or are otherwise able to be sold pursuant to Rue 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, without any volume or manner of sale restrictions, then the Company will be obligated to pay to Arena liquidated damages equal to 1% per month of the aggregate amount paid by Arena for its securities (subject to an 8% cap), until such events are satisfied.

Notes Payable

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,042,688 to certain lenders for aggregate cash proceeds of $971,500. The difference of $71,188 was recorded as a debt discount and will be amortized over the terms of the respective notes. The convertible notes bear interest at a rate of 12% per annum, payable at maturity, with original maturity dates ranging from December 2019 to August 2020. The notes are convertible as follows: (i) $810,000 of aggregate convertible notes and the respective accrued interest are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the election of the holder after the 180th day following the issue date at a conversion price generally equal to 58% of the fair value of the Company’s common stock, (ii) $167,688 of aggregate convertible notes are convertible at either a fixed price of $0.25 or $1.00 per share, depending on the note, for the first six months following the respective issue date, and thereafter at a conversion price generally equal to 58% of the fair value of the Company’s stock, subject to adjustment, until the respective note has been paid in full, and (iii) $65,000 of aggregate convertible notes are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.50 per share, subject to adjustment, and five-year warrants to purchase common stock of the Company in the same ratio. The warrants provide for an exercise price of $0.75 per share, subject to adjustment. Convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $65,000 are mandatorily convertible into common stock of the Company and warrants to purchase common stock of the Company in the same ratio upon the completion of an underwritten public offering by the Company of its securities whereby the conversion price shall be equal to the lower of the respective original conversion price, or 75% of the offering price for the shares of common stock of the Company, or units of shares of common stock of the Company and warrants, sold pursuant to the Public Offering. In connection with the issuance of certain convertible promissory notes, the Company issued to the respective lenders warrants for the purchase of an aggregate of 130,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The grant date fair value of the warrants will be recorded as a debt discount and will be amortized over the terms of the respective notes. In the event that the Company elects to prepay certain notes during the 180 period following the issue date, the holder will be entitled to receive a prepayment premium up to 35%, depending on the note, of the then outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest.

23

BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC. & SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company, a director of the Company, and the Trust agreed that promissory notes held by the director and the Trust in the outstanding principal amounts of $175,000 and $500,000, respectively, will be exchanged for shares of common stock and warrants, as described below, in connection with the Public Offering. The exchange price for the indebtedness will be equal to 75% of the public offering price of the common stock, or units of common stock and warrants, as the case may be, offered pursuant to the Public Offering (the “Director/Trust Exchange Price”). The number of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the warrants to be issued to the director and the Trust will be in the same ratio to the number of shares of common stock issued upon exchange of their indebtedness as the number of shares of common stock subject to the Public Warrants bears to the number of shares of common stock issued as part of the Public Offering units. The exercise price of the warrants to be issued to the director and the Trust will be 125% of the Director/Trust Exchange Price and the term of the warrants will be the same term as the Public Warrants. Concurrently with the exchange, the exercise prices of outstanding warrants held by the director and the Trust for the purchase of an aggregate of 1,377,842 shares of common stock of the Company will be reduced from between $1.50 and $4.00 per share to $0.75 per share and the expiration dates of such warrants will be extended from between December 2019 and March 2022 to December 2023. The exchange agreements will be submitted for approval by the shareholders of the Company. In the event that such shareholder approval is not obtained prior to the Public Offering, then, in connection with the Public Offering, the promissory notes held by the director and the Trust will be paid.

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the holders of notes in the aggregate principal amount $1,053,102 entered into agreements with the Company pursuant to which the parties agreed that the maturity of the promissory notes held by such holders will be further extended to dates ranging between July 2019 to July 2020. Such notes in the aggregate amount of $1,025,000 will be exchanged for shares of common stock and warrants, as described below, in connection with the Public Offering. The exchange price for the indebtedness will be equal to the lesser of (i) 75% of the public offering price of the common stock, or units of common stock and warrants, as the case may be, offered pursuant to the Public Offering or (ii) $0.60 per share (subject to adjustment for reverse stock splits and the like) (the “Other Indebtedness Exchange Price”). The number of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the warrants to be issued to such holders will be equal to the number of shares of common stock issuable to them upon conversion of the principal amount of their respective notes. The exchange price of the warrants to be issued to such holders will be the lesser of (i) 125% of the Other Indebtedness Exchange Price or (ii) $0.80 per share (subject to adjustment for reverse stock splits and the like).

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company and certain lenders agreed to the exchange of convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $225,102 and aggregate accrued interest of $34,107 for an aggregate of 1,616,669 shares of the Company’s common stock at exchange prices ranging from $0.12 to $0.19 per share.

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company repaid an aggregate principal amount of $926,250 of convertible notes payable, $54,720 of the respective aggregate accrued interest and an aggregate of $335,076 of prepayment premium

24

Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of the results of operations and financial condition of BioRestorative Therapies, Inc. (together with its subsidiary, “BRT”) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes to those financial statements that are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. References in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations to “us,” “we,” “our,” and similar terms refer to BRT. This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the federal securities laws. The events described in forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report may not occur. Generally these statements relate to business plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits or other consequences of our plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits from acquisitions to be made by us, or projections involving anticipated revenues, earnings or other aspects of our operating results. The words “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” and “continue,” and their opposites and similar expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and are subject to a number of uncertainties, risks and other influences, many of which are beyond our control, which may influence the accuracy of the statements and the projections upon which the statements are based. Factors that may affect our results include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties discussed in Item 7 (“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition”) of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 29, 2019.

Any one or more of these uncertainties, risks and other influences could materially affect our results of operations and whether forward-looking statements made by us ultimately prove to be accurate. Our actual results, performance and achievements could differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether from new information, future events or otherwise.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes references to our federally registered trademarks, BioRestorative Therapies, the Dragonfly Logo, brtxDISC, ThermoStem Stem Cellutrition Stem Pearls and Stem the Tides of Time. The Dragonfly Logo is also registered with the U.S. Copyright Office. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may also include references to trademarks, trade names and service marks that are the property of other organizations. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q appear without the ®, SM or ™ symbols, and copyrighted content appears without the use of the symbol ©, but the absence of use of these symbols does not reflect upon the validity or enforceability of the intellectual property owned by us or third parties.

Overview

We develop therapeutic products and medical therapies using cell and tissue protocols, primarily involving adult (non-embryonic) stem cells. We are currently pursuing our Disc/Spine Program with our lead cell therapy candidate being called BRTX-100. We submitted an IND application to the FDA to obtain authorization to commence a Phase 2 clinical trial investigating the use of BRTX-100 in the treatment of chronic lower back pain arising from degenerative disc disease. We have received such authorization from the FDA. We intend to commence such clinical trial during the fourth quarter of 2019 (assuming the receipt of necessary funding). We have obtained a license to utilize or sublicense a method for the hypoxic (low oxygen) culturing of cells for use in treating disc and spine conditions, including protruding and bulging lumbar discs. The technology is an advanced stem cell injection procedure that may offer relief from lower back pain, buttock and leg pain, and numbness and tingling in the leg and foot. We are also developing our ThermoStem Program. This pre-clinical program involves the use of brown adipose (fat) in connection with the cell-based treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity as well as hypertension, other metabolic disorders and cardiac deficiencies. United States patents related to the ThermoStem Program were issued in September 2015 and January 2019, an Australian patent related to the ThermoStem Program was issued in April 2017, and a Japanese patent related to the ThermoStem Program was issued in December 2017.

We have licensed a patented curved needle device that is a needle system designed to deliver cells and/or other therapeutic products or materials to the spine and discs or other potential sites.

Our offices are located in Melville, New York where we have established a laboratory facility in order to increase our capabilities for the further development of possible cellular-based treatments, products and protocols, stem cell-related intellectual property and translational research applications.

25

As of June 30, 2019, our accumulated deficit was $71,962,618, our stockholders’ deficiency was $8,942,471 and our working capital deficiency was $9,786,144. We have historically only generated a modest amount of revenue, and our losses have principally been operating expenses incurred in research and development, marketing and promotional activities in order to commercialize our products and services, plus costs associated with meeting the requirements of being a public company. We expect to continue to incur substantial costs for these activities over at least the next year. These conditions indicate that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the financial statement issuance date.

Based upon our working capital deficiency as of June 30, 2019, and our forecast for continued operating losses, we require equity and/or debt financing to continue our operations. As of June 30, 2019, our outstanding debt of $7,759,967, with interest at rates ranging between 8% and 15% per annum, was due on various dates through June 2020. Subsequent to June 30, 2019, we have received aggregate debt proceeds of $971,500, debt (inclusive of accrued interest) of $259,209 has been exchanged for common stock, $980,970 of debt (inclusive of accrued interest) has been repaid, and the due date for the repayment of $1,053,102 of debt has been extended to dates between July 2019 and July 2020. Giving effect to the above actions, we currently have a note payable in the outstanding principal amount of $144,000 which is past due. Based upon our working capital deficiency and outstanding debt, we expect to be able to fund our operations through September 2019 while we continue to apply efforts to raise additional capital. We anticipate that we will require approximately $20,000,000 in financing to commence and complete a Phase 2 clinical trial with regard to our Disc/Spine Program. We anticipate that we will require approximately $45,000,000 in further additional funding to complete our clinical trials using BRTX-100 (assuming the receipt of no revenues). We will also require a substantial amount of additional funding if we determine to establish a manufacturing operation with regard to our Disc/Spine Program (as opposed to utilizing a third party manufacturer) and to implement our other programs, including our metabolic ThermoStem Program. No assurance can be given that the anticipated amounts of required funding are correct or that we will be able to accomplish our goals within the timeframes projected. In addition, no assurance can be given that we will be able to obtain any required financing on commercially reasonable terms or otherwise.

We are currently seeking several different financing alternatives to support our future operations and are currently in the process of negotiating extensions or discussing conversions to equity with respect to our outstanding indebtedness. If we are unable to obtain such additional financing on a timely basis or, notwithstanding any request we may make, our debt holders do not agree to convert their notes into equity or extend the maturity dates of their notes, we may have to curtail our development, marketing and promotional activities, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, and ultimately we could be forced to discontinue our operations and liquidate. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Arena Purchase Agreement”) with Arena Investors LP (“Arena”) pursuant to which Arena has agreed to acquire 5,500,000 shares of our Series A preferred stock, a warrant for the purchase of 6,000,000 shares of our common stock and a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $500,000, in consideration of a payment by Arena to us for an aggregate of $5,400,000. The closing of the Arena Purchase Agreement is subject to, among other things, approval by our shareholders of the Arena Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, the concurrent execution of an underwriting agreement with regard to a public offering of our securities with gross proceeds of at least $7,500,000 (the “Public Offering”) and approval by the Nasdaq Stock Market of our pending listing application with respect to our shares of common stock.

Further, holders of our notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,700,000 have entered into agreements with us pursuant to which the parties agreed to exchange such notes for shares of our common stock and warrants in connection with the closing of the Public Offering.

26

Consolidated Results of Operations

Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared with Three Months Ended June 30, 2018

The following table presents selected items in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

	For The Three Months Ended
	June 30,
	2019			2018
Revenues	$	31,000		$	37,000
Operating Expenses:
Marketing and promotion		108,849			17,531
Consulting		533,873			417,954
Research and development		441,723			372,815
General and administrative		1,075,359			1,279,035
Total Operating Expenses		2,159,804			2,087,335
Loss From Operations		(2,128,804	)		(2,050,335	)
Other Expense:
Interest expense		(327,967	)		(230,383	)
Amortization of debt discount		(991,261	)		(1,081,982	)
Loss on extinguishment of notes payable, net		(552,109	)		(44,951	)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(157,049	)		(106,772	)
Total Other Expense		(2,028,386	)		(1,464,088	)
Net Loss	$	(4,157,190	)	$	(3,514,423	)

Revenues

For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, we generated $31,000 and $37,000, respectively, of royalty revenue in connection with our sublicense agreement.

Marketing and promotion

Marketing and promotion expenses include advertising and promotion, marketing and seminars, meals, entertainment and travel expenses. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, marketing and promotion expenses increased by $91,318, or 521%, from $17,531 to $108,849 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase is primarily due to the hiring of an advertising and promotion firm.

We expect that marketing and promotion expenses will increase in the future as we increase our marketing activities following full commercialization of our products and services.

Consulting

Consulting expenses consist of consulting fees and stock-based compensation to consultants. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, consulting expenses increased $115,919, or 28%, from $417,954 to $533,873, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase is primarily due to cash consulting fees in connection with clinical trials and strategic planning.

27

Research and development

Research and development expenses include cash and non-cash compensation of (a) our Vice President of Research and Development; (b) our Scientific Advisory Board members; and (c) laboratory staff and costs related to our brown fat and disc/spine initiatives. Research and development expenses are expensed as they are incurred. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, research and development expenses increased by $68,908, or 18%, from $372,815 to $441,723, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily a result of an increase of approximately $28,000 in stock-based compensation expense primarily related to options issued to our Scientific Advisory Board members, an increase of approximately $21,000 in laboratory staffing, and an increase of approximately $23,000 of costs related to brown fat and disc/spine initiatives.

We expect that our research and development expenses will increase with the continuation of the aforementioned initiatives.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, bonuses, payroll taxes, severance costs and stock-based compensation to employees (excluding any cash or non-cash compensation of our Vice President of Research and Development and our laboratory staff), as well as corporate expenses such as legal and professional fees, investor relations and occupancy related expenses. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, general and administrative expenses decreased by $203,676, or 16%, from $1,279,035 to $1,075,359, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease is primarily due to a decrease of approximately $316,000 in stock-based compensation related primarily to fewer outstanding options in 2019 and approximately $69,000 of payroll expenses and associated bonuses in 2019, partially offset by an increase of approximately $154,000 in legal expense due to increased legal matters regarding fundings and conversions of debt.

We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase as we expand our staff, develop our infrastructure and incur additional costs to support the growth of our business.

Interest expense

For the three months ended June 30, 2019, interest expense increased $97,584, or 42%, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was due to an increase in interest-bearing short-term borrowings as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018.

Amortization of debt discount

For the three months ended June 30, 2019, amortization of debt discount decreased $90,721, or 8%, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to the timing of the recognition of expense related to the bifurcated embedded conversion options of convertible notes.

Loss on extinguishment of notes payable, net

For the three months ended June 30, 2019, the loss on extinguishment of notes payable, net increased by $507,158, or 1128% from $44,951 to $552,109, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase is associated with debt repayments and debtholders’ exchanges of debt into equity securities resulting in a loss on the exchange.

Change in fair value of derivative liabilities

For the three months ended June 30, 2019, the net loss related to the change in fair value of derivative liabilities increased by $50,277, or 47%, from $106,772 to $157,049, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was due to the increase in time value of embedded conversion options within certain convertible notes payable.

28

Six months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared with Six months Ended June 30, 2018

The following table presents selected items in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

	For The Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2019			2018
Revenues	$	60,000		$	56,000
Operating Expenses:
Marketing and promotion		124,686			58,554
Consulting		1,133,607			850,884
Research and development		896,729			779,945
General and administrative		2,362,118			2,647,690
Total Operating Expenses		4,517,140			4,337,073
Loss From Operations		(4,457,140	)		(4,281,073	)
Other (Expense) Income:
Interest expense		(644,911	)		(391,642	)
Amortization of debt discount		(1,734,403	)		(1,343,628	)
Loss on extinguishment of notes payable, net		(1,000,595	)		(63,788	)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(203,313	)		58,048
Total Other Expense		(3,583,222	)		(1,741,010	)
Net Loss	$	(8,040,362	)	$	(6,022,083	)

Revenues

For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, we generated $60,000 and $56,000, respectively, of royalty revenue in connection with our sublicense agreement.

Marketing and promotion

Marketing and promotion expenses include advertising and promotion, marketing and seminars, meals, entertainment and travel expenses. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, marketing and promotion expenses increased by $66,132, or 113%, from $58,554 to $124,686 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase is primarily due to the hiring of an advertising and promotion firm.

We expect that marketing and promotion expenses will increase in the future as we increase our marketing activities following full commercialization of our products and services.

Consulting

Consulting expenses consist of consulting fees and stock-based compensation to consultants. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, consulting expenses increased $282,723, or 33%, from $850,884 to $1,133,607, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase is primarily due to cash consulting fees in connection with clinical trials and strategic planning.

29

Research and development

Research and development expenses include cash and non-cash compensation of (a) our Vice President of Research and Development; (b) our Scientific Advisory Board members; and (c) laboratory staff and costs related to our brown fat and disc/spine initiatives. Research and development expenses are expensed as they are incurred. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, research and development expenses increased by $116,784, or 15%, from $779,945 to $896,729, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily a result of an increase of approximately $101,000 in stock-based compensation expense primarily related to options issued to our Scientific Advisory Board members, incremental modification expense related to an option repricing in 2019, and an increase in laboratory staffing.

We expect that our research and development expenses will increase with the continuation of the aforementioned initiatives.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, bonuses, payroll taxes, severance costs and stock-based compensation to employees (excluding any cash or non-cash compensation of our Vice President of Research and Development and our laboratory staff), as well as corporate expenses such as legal and professional fees, investor relations and occupancy related expenses. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, general and administrative expenses decreased by $285,572, or 11%, from $2,647,690 to $2,362,118, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease is primarily due to a decrease of approximately $527,000 in stock-based compensation related primarily to fewer outstanding options in 2019 and a decrease of approximately $134,000 of performance-based bonuses in 2019, partially offset by an increase of approximately $259,000 and $48,000 in legal and financial fees, respectively, due to increased matters regarding fundings and conversions of debt, as well as an increase in corporate expenses.

We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase as we expand our staff, develop our infrastructure and incur additional costs to support the growth of our business.

Interest expense

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, interest expense increased $253,269, or 65%, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was due to an increase in interest-bearing short-term borrowings as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Amortization of debt discount

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, amortization of debt discount increased $390,775, or 29%, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to increased issuances of convertible notes and the timing of the recognition of expense related to the bifurcated embedded conversion options of convertible notes.

Loss on extinguishment of notes payable, net

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of notes payable, net, of $1,000,595--, as compared to a loss on extinguishment of notes payable, net of $63,788 for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase is associated with debt repayments and debtholders’ exchanges of debt into equity securities resulting in a loss on the exchange.

Change in fair value of derivative liabilities

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded a loss related to the change in fair value of derivative liabilities of $203,313 due to the increase in time value of embedded conversion options within certain convertible notes payable, as compared to a gain related to the change in fair value of derivative liabilities of $58,048 for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

30

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

We measure our liquidity in a number of ways, including the following:

	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Cash	$	1,283,666		$	117,523
Working Capital Deficiency	$	(9,786,144	)	$	(9,073,901	)
Notes Payable (Gross)	$	7,759,967		$	5,161,916

Availability of Additional Funds

Based upon our working capital deficiency and stockholders’ deficiency of $9,786,144 and $8,942,471, respectively, as of June 30, 2019, we require additional equity and/or debt financing to continue our operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within the next twelve months from the date of this filing.

As of June 30, 2019, our outstanding debt of $7,759,967, together with interest at rates ranging between 8% and 15% per annum, was due on various dates through June 2020. Subsequent to June 30, 2019, we have received aggregate debt proceeds of $971,500, debt (inclusive of accrued interest) of $259,209 has been exchanged for common stock, $980,970 of debt (inclusive of accrued interest) has been repaid, and the due date for the repayment of $1,053,102 of debt has been extended to dates between July 2019 and July 2020. Giving effect to the above actions, we currently have a note payable in the outstanding principal amount of $144,000 which is past due. As of the date of filing, our outstanding debt was as follows:

	Principal
Maturity Date	Amount
Past Due	$	144,000
QE 9/30/2019		1,060,000
QE 12/31/2019		3,732,226
QE 3/31/2020		1,685,250
QE 6/30/2020		862,138
QE 9/30/2020		167,688
	$	7,651,302

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, we entered into the Arena Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Arena has agreed to acquire 5,500,000 shares of our Series A preferred stock, a warrant for the purchase of 6,000,000 shares of our common stock and a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $500,000, in consideration of a payment by Arena to us for an aggregate of $5,400,000. The closing of the Arena Purchase Agreement is subject to, among other things, approval by our shareholders of the Arena Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, the concurrent execution of an underwriting agreement with regard to a public offering of our securities with gross proceeds of at least $7,500,000 and approval by the Nasdaq Stock Market of our pending listing application with respect to our shares of common stock.

Further, holders of our notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,700,000 have entered into agreements with us pursuant to which the parties agreed to exchange such notes for shares of our common stock and warrants in connection with the closing of the Public Offering.

31

Based upon our working capital deficiency, outstanding debt and forecast for continued operating losses we expect that the cash we currently have available will fund our operations through September 2019. Thereafter, we will need to raise further capital, through the sale of additional equity or debt securities, to support our future operations and to repay our debt (unless, if requested, the debt holders agree to convert their notes into equity or extend the maturity dates of their notes). Our operating needs include the planned costs to operate our business, including amounts required to fund working capital and capital expenditures. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of our available funds will depend on many factors, including our ability to successfully commercialize our products and services, competing technological and market developments, and the need to enter into collaborations with other companies or acquire other companies or technologies to enhance or complement our product and service offerings.

We may be unable to raise sufficient additional capital when we need it or raise capital on favorable terms. Debt financing may require us to pledge certain assets and enter into covenants that could restrict certain business activities or our ability to incur further indebtedness and may contain other terms that are not favorable to our stockholders or us. If we are unable to obtain adequate funds on reasonable terms, we may be required to significantly curtail or discontinue operations or obtain funds by entering into financing agreements on unattractive terms.

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which contemplate our continuation as a going concern and the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities presented in the financial statements do not necessarily purport to represent realizable or settlement values. The financial statements do not include any adjustment that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, our sources and uses of cash were as follows:

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

We experienced negative cash flows from operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 in the amounts of $3,397,117 and $2,198,577, respectively. The net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily due to cash used to fund a net loss of $8,040,362, adjusted for non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of $4,508,262 partially offset by $134,983 of cash generated by changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities, primarily as a result of increases in accrued interest, expenses, and other current liabilities, partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable. The net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily due to cash used to fund a net loss of $6,022,083, adjusted for non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of $3,514,416 partially offset by $309,090 of cash generated by changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities, primarily as a result of increases in accrued interest, expenses, and other current liabilities, partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, cash used in investing activities was $29,371 and $12,869, respectively, due to cash used for the purchase of office and computer equipment.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $4,592,631 and $1,763,295, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, $3,449,560 of net proceeds were from debt financings, $1,156,000 of proceeds were from equity financings and $12,929 was used for incurred offering costs. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, $1,324,127 of net proceeds were from debt financings and other borrowings and $439,168 of proceeds were from equity financings (including proceeds received in connection with the exercise of common stock purchase warrants).

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There are no material changes from the critical accounting policies set forth in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019, except as follows:

32

Revenue Recognition

Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 will require management to make significant judgments and estimates. As a result, we implemented changes to our internal controls related to revenue recognition for the quarter ended March 31, 2019. These changes include updated accounting policies affected by ASC 606, redesigned internal controls over financial reporting related to ASC 606, expanded data gathering to comply with the additional disclosure requirements, and ongoing contract review requirements.

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred offering costs, which primarily consist of direct, incremental professional fees incurred in connection with preparing for our contemplated public offering of our equity securities, are capitalized as non-current assets on the balance sheet. Upon the consummation of a public offering, the deferred offering costs will be offset against the equity offering proceeds.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For a description of relevant recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4: Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls are procedures that are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), such as this Quarterly Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Principal Executive and Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Internal controls are procedures which are designed with the objective of providing reasonable assurance that (1) our transactions are properly authorized, recorded and reported; and (2) our assets are safeguarded against unauthorized or improper use, to permit the preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles.

In connection with the preparation of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, management, with the participation of our Principal Executive and Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based upon that evaluation, our Principal Executive and Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Controls

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) during the quarter ended June 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations of the Effectiveness of Control

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations of any control system, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within a company have been detected.

33

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Not applicable.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Not applicable. See, however, Item 7 (“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition”) of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we issued the following securities in transactions not involving any public offering. For each of the following transactions, we relied upon Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering or Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act as a security exchanged by an issuer with its existing security holders exclusively where no commission or other remuneration is paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such exchange. For each such transaction, we did not use general solicitation or advertising to market the securities, the securities were offered to a limited number of persons, the investors had access to information regarding us (including information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019, Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and press releases made by us), and we were available to answer questions by prospective investors. We reasonably believe that each of the investors is an accredited investor. The proceeds were used to reduce our working capital deficiency and for other corporate purposes.

			Warrants
Date Issued	Common Stock		Shares		Exercise Price			Term (Years)			Purchaser(s)			Consideration (1)
4/2/19		74,913		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	30,190	(3)
4/2/19 - 4/23/19		501,092		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	180,194	(3)
4/8/19		68,873		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	54,168	(4)
4/8/19 - 4/18/19		249,578		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	106,737	(3)
4/9/19		80,000		80,000	$	1.00			5			(2	)	$	56,000	(5)
4/9/19		110,837		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	45,000	(3)
4/18/19		105,519		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	40,467	(3)
4/22/19		109,239		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	37,382	(3)
4/29/19		74,455		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	23,000	(3)
5/2/19		80,000		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	25,520	(3)
5/7/19		1,111,111		1,111,111	$	0.78	(6)		3	(6)		(2	)	$	500,000	(5)
5/9/19		113,040		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	25,467	(3)
5/9/19 - 5/22/19		1,392,903		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	275,368	(3)
5/10/19		36,000		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	7,934	(3)
6/3/19		186,333		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	31,860	(3)
6/3/19 - 6/17/19		692,173		-	$	-			-			(2	)	$	128,433	(3)
6/4/19		75,000		-	$	-			-			(7	)	$	30,000	(8)

(1)	The value of the non-cash consideration was estimated by management based on observations of the cash sales prices of freely tradable shares.
(2)	Accredited investor.
(3)	Issued in connection with the exchange of convertible notes payable.
(4)	Issued in connection with issuance of debt.
(5)	Issued for cash consideration.
(6)	The warrants are exercisable as follows: (i) one-year warrants to purchase an aggregate 555,555 shares of common stock have an exercise price of $0.70 per share and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase an aggregate 555,556 shares of common stock have an exercise price of $0.85 per share.
(7)	Issued in consideration of consulting services.
(8)	Consultant.

34

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” within “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit	Description
31.1	Chief Executive Officer Certification *
31.2	Chief Financial Officer Certification *
32	Section 1350 Certification **
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document *
101.SCH	XBRL Schema Document *
101.CAL	XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document *
101.DEF	XBRL Definition Linkbase Document *
101.LAB	XBRL Label Linkbase Document *
101.PRE	XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document *
*	Filed herewith
**	Furnished herewith

35

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: August 14, 2019	BIORESTORATIVE THERAPIES, INC.
	By:	/s/ Mark Weinreb
		Mark Weinreb
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive and Financial Officer)

36

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Mark Weinreb, certify that:

1)	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of BioRestorative Therapies, Inc.;
2)	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3)	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4)	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiary, is made known to us by others within that entity, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5) The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 14, 2019

/s/ Mark Weinreb

Mark Weinreb

Principal Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Mark Weinreb, certify that:

1)	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of BioRestorative Therapies, Inc.;
2)	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3)	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4)	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiary, is made known to us by others within that entity, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5) The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 14, 2019

/s/ Mark Weinreb

Mark Weinreb

Principal Financial Officer

EX-32

EXHIBIT 32

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, the undersigned officer of BioRestorative Therapies, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies that the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: August 14, 2019	/s/ Mark Weinreb
	Mark Weinreb
	Principal Executive and Financial Officer

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Aug. 14, 2019
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	BioRestorative Therapies, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001505497
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2019
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business Flag	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		21,410,146
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current Assets:
Cash	$ 1,283,666	$ 117,523
Accounts receivable	31,000	29,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	42,392	34,464
Total Current Assets	1,357,058	180,987
Property and equipment, net	136,406	175,235
Intangible assets, net	776,612	814,059
Security deposit		22,100
Deferred offering costs	162,003
Total Assets	2,432,079	1,192,381
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,526,957	1,893,827
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	2,665,677	2,302,176
Accrued interest	505,210	338,619
Current portion of notes payable, net of debt discount of $2,035,578 and $936,866 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	5,499,287	3,625,659
Derivative liabilities	946,071	1,094,607
Total Current Liabilities	11,143,202	9,254,888
Accrued expenses, non-current portion		36,500
Accrued interest, non-current portion	30,548	18,137
Notes payable, non-current portion, net of debt discount of $24,302 and $75,497 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	200,800	523,894
Total Liabilities	11,374,550	9,833,419
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 6)
Stockholders' Deficiency:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; Authorized, 20,000,000 shares; None issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018
Common stock, $0.001 par value; Authorized, 150,000,000 shares; Issued and outstanding 19,793,477 and 11,728,394 shares at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	19,793	11,728
Additional paid-in capital	63,000,354	55,269,490
Accumulated deficit	(71,962,618)	(63,922,256)
Total Stockholders' Deficiency	(8,942,471)	(8,641,038)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficiency	$ 2,432,079	$ 1,192,381

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Notes payable current, debt discount	$ 2,035,578	$ 936,866
Notes payable non-current, debt discount	$ 24,302	$ 75,497
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	20,000,000	20,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued
Preferred stock, shares outstanding
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	19,793,477	11,728,394
Common stock, shares outstanding	19,793,477	11,728,394

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 31,000	$ 37,000	$ 60,000	$ 56,000
Operating Expenses:
Marketing and promotion	108,849	17,531	124,686	58,554
Consulting	533,873	417,954	1,133,607	850,884
Research and development	441,723	372,815	896,729	779,945
General and administrative	1,075,359	1,279,035	2,362,118	2,647,690
Total Operating Expenses	2,159,804	2,087,335	4,517,140	4,337,073
Loss From Operations	(2,128,804)	(2,050,335)	(4,457,140)	(4,281,073)
Other (Expense) Income:
Interest expense	(327,967)	(230,383)	(644,911)	(391,642)
Amortization of debt discount	(991,261)	(1,081,982)	(1,734,403)	(1,343,628)
Loss on extinguishment of notes payable, net	(552,109)	(44,951)	(1,000,595)	(63,788)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	(157,049)	(106,772)	(203,313)	58,048
Total Other Expense	(2,028,386)	(1,464,088)	(3,583,222)	(1,741,010)
Net Loss	$ (4,157,190)	$ (3,514,423)	$ (8,040,362)	$ (6,022,083)
Net Loss Per Share
- Basic and Diluted	$ (0.24)	$ (0.53)	$ (0.52)	$ (0.93)
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding
- Basic and Diluted	17,509,453	6,576,327	15,599,172	6,485,069

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficiency (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Common Stock [Member]
Balance	$ 14,732	$ 11,728	$ 6,483	$ 6,112	$ 11,728	$ 6,112
Balance, shares	14,732,411	11,728,394	6,483,253	6,112,473	11,728,394	6,112,473
Exercise of warrants for purchase of common stock				$ 207
Exercise of warrants for purchase of common stock, shares				207,084
Shares and warrants issued in satisfaction of accrued consulting services		$ 10		$ 19
Shares and warrants issued in satisfaction of accrued consulting services, shares		10,000		19,000
Conversion of notes payable and accrued interest into common stock				$ 27
Conversion of notes payable and accrued interest into common stock, shares				27,018
Shares issued in exchange for notes payable and accrued interest	$ 3,726	$ 1,984	$ 236	$ 85
Shares issued in exchange for notes payable and accrued interest, shares	3,726,082	1,984,017	236,248	84,678
Shares issued and recorded as debt discount in connection with note payable issuances or extensions	$ 69	$ 10	$ 18	$ 33
Shares issued and recorded as debt discount in connection with note payable issuances or extensions, shares	68,873	10,000	18,000	33,000
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity
Beneficial conversion features related to convertible notes payable
Shares and warrants issued for cash	$ 1,191	$ 1,000	$ 10
Shares and warrants issued for cash, shares	1,191,111	1,000,000	10,000
Stock-based compensation: options and warrants
Stock-based compensation: common stock	$ 75
Stock-based compensation: common stock, shares	75,000
Net loss
Balance	$ 19,793	$ 14,732	$ 6,747	$ 6,483	$ 19,793	$ 6,747
Balance, shares	19,793,477	14,732,411	6,747,501	6,483,253	19,793,477	6,747,501
Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]
Balance	$ 60,137,952	$ 55,269,490	$ 46,215,334	$ 44,561,773	$ 55,269,490	$ 44,561,773
Exercise of warrants for purchase of common stock				413,961
Shares and warrants issued in satisfaction of accrued consulting services		7,190		37,981
Conversion of notes payable and accrued interest into common stock				52,877
Shares issued in exchange for notes payable and accrued interest	2,059,712	1,508,298	467,430	173,841
Shares issued and recorded as debt discount in connection with note payable issuances or extensions	54,099	7,042	26,232	61,174
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity	120,742	2,517,254	(9,397)	9,397
Beneficial conversion features related to convertible notes payable				21,518
Shares and warrants issued for cash	155,120	99,000	24,990
Stock-based compensation: options and warrants	442,804	729,678	827,187	882,812
Stock-based compensation: common stock	29,925
Net loss
Balance	63,000,354	60,137,952	47,551,776	46,215,334	63,000,354	47,551,776
Accumulated Deficit [Member]
Balance	(67,805,428)	(63,922,256)	(53,912,113)	(51,404,453)	(63,922,256)	(51,404,453)
Exercise of warrants for purchase of common stock
Shares and warrants issued in satisfaction of accrued consulting services
Conversion of notes payable and accrued interest into common stock
Shares issued in exchange for notes payable and accrued interest
Shares issued and recorded as debt discount in connection with note payable issuances or extensions
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity
Beneficial conversion features related to convertible notes payable
Shares and warrants issued for cash
Stock-based compensation: options and warrants
Stock-based compensation: common stock
Net loss	(4,157,190)	(3,883,172)	(3,514,423)	(2,507,660)
Balance	(71,962,618)	(67,805,428)	(57,426,536)	(53,912,113)	(71,962,618)	(57,426,536)
Balance	(7,652,744)	(8,641,038)	(7,690,296)	(6,836,568)	(8,641,038)	(6,836,568)
Exercise of warrants for purchase of common stock				414,168		414,168
Shares and warrants issued in satisfaction of accrued consulting services		7,200		38,000
Conversion of notes payable and accrued interest into common stock				52,904
Shares issued in exchange for notes payable and accrued interest	2,063,438	1,510,282	467,666	173,926
Shares issued and recorded as debt discount in connection with note payable issuances or extensions	54,168	7,052	26,250	61,207	61,220	87,457
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity	120,742	2,517,254	(9,397)	9,397
Beneficial conversion features related to convertible notes payable				21,518
Shares and warrants issued for cash	156,311	100,000	25,000
Stock-based compensation: options and warrants	442,804	729,678	827,187	882,812
Stock-based compensation: common stock	30,000
Net loss	(4,157,190)	(3,883,172)	(3,514,423)	(2,507,660)	(8,040,362)	(6,022,083)
Balance	$ (8,942,471)	$ (7,652,744)	$ (9,868,013)	$ (7,690,296)	$ (8,942,471)	$ (9,868,013)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (8,040,362)	$ (6,022,083)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Amortization of debt discount	1,734,403	1,343,628
Accretion of interest expense	235,122	333,425
Depreciation and amortization	105,647	121,624
Stock-based compensation	1,258,482	1,709,999
Loss on extinguishment of note payables, net	1,000,595	63,788
Gain on settlement of payables	(29,300)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	203,313	(58,048)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(2,000)	1,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(7,928)	(5,065)
Security deposit	22,100
Accounts payable	(457,444)	(177,666)
Accrued interest, expenses and other current liabilities	580,255	490,821
Total adjustments	4,643,245	3,823,506
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities	(3,397,117)	(2,198,577)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(29,371)	(12,869)
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities	(29,371)	(12,869)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Offering costs incurred	(12,929)
Proceeds from notes payable	5,991,198	1,473,552
Repayments of notes payable - principal	(2,201,629)	(149,425)
Repayments of notes payable - prepayment premiums	(340,009)
Advances from officers and a family member of an officer		32,000
Repayments of advances from officers and a family member of an officer		(32,000)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants		414,168
Sales of common stock and warrants for cash	1,156,000	25,000
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities	4,592,631	1,763,295
Net Increase (Decrease) In Cash	1,166,143	(448,151)
Cash at beginning of period	117,523	451,680
Cash at end of period	1,283,666	3,529
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Interest	134,536	9,355
Income tax
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Shares issued and recorded as debt discount in connection with notes payable issuances or extensions	61,220	87,457
Shares issued in exchange for notes payable and accrued interest	3,573,720	641,592
Conversion of notes payable and accrued interest into common stock		52,904
Shares and warrants issued in satisfaction of accrued consulting services	7,200	38,000
Bifurcated embedded conversion options and warrants recorded as derivative liability and debt discount	3,168,462	1,233,410
Beneficial conversion features set up as debt discount		21,518
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity	2,637,996
Warrants issued for consulting services recorded as derivative liabilities	56,000
Accrued interest reclassified to notes payable principal	23,013
Offering costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses	149,074
Original issue discount in connection with notes payable	$ 355,940	$ 150,948

XML

Business Organization and Nature of Operations

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business Organization and Nature of Operations

Note 1 – Business Organization and Nature of Operations

BioRestorative Therapies, Inc. has one wholly-owned subsidiary, Stem Pearls, LLC (“Stem Pearls”). BioRestorative Therapies, Inc. and its subsidiary are referred to collectively as “BRT” or the “Company” (See Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Principles of Consolidation). BRT develops therapeutic products and medical therapies using cell and tissue protocols, primarily involving adult stem cells. BRT’s website is at www.biorestorative.com. BRT is currently developing a Disc/Spine Program referred to as “brtxDISC”. Its lead cell therapy candidate, BRTX-100, is a product formulated from autologous (or a person’s own) cultured mesenchymal stem cells collected from the patient’s bone marrow. The product is intended to be used for the non-surgical treatment of painful lumbosacral disc disorders. BRT is also engaging in research efforts with respect to a platform technology utilizing brown adipose (fat) for therapeutic purposes to treat type 2 diabetes, obesity and other metabolic disorders and has labeled this initiative its ThermoStem Program. Further, BRT has licensed a patented curved needle device that is a needle system designed to deliver cells and/or other therapeutic products or material to the spine and discs or other potential sites.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, such statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring items) which are considered necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company as of June 30, 2019 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year ending December 31, 2019 or any other period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related disclosures of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and for the year then ended, which were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 10-K on March 29, 2019.

XML

Going Concern and Management's Plans

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Going Concern and Management's Plans

Note 2 – Going Concern and Management’s Plans

As of June 30, 2019, the Company had a working capital deficiency and a stockholders’ deficiency of $9,786,144 and $8,942,471, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company incurred net losses of $4,157,190 and $8,040,362, respectively. These conditions indicate that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within the next twelve months from the filing date of this report.

The Company’s primary source of operating funds since inception has been equity and debt financings. The Company intends to continue to raise additional capital through debt and equity financings. There is no assurance that these funds will be sufficient to enable the Company to fully complete its development activities or attain profitable operations. If the Company is unable to obtain such additional financing on a timely basis or, notwithstanding any request the Company may make, the Company’s debt holders do not agree to convert their notes into equity or extend the maturity dates of their notes, the Company may have to curtail its development, marketing and promotional activities, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, and ultimately the Company could be forced to discontinue its operations and liquidate.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern and the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities presented in the financial statements do not necessarily purport to represent realizable or settlement values. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustment that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company has received aggregate debt proceeds of $971,500, debt (inclusive of accrued interest) of $259,209 has been exchanged for common stock, $980,970 of debt (inclusive of accrued interest) has been repaid, and the due date for the repayment of $1,053,102 of debt has been further extended to dates ranging between July 2019 (each of which were subsequently exchanged for common stock or further extended) and July 2020. As a result, the Company expects to have the cash required to fund its operations through September 2019 while it continues to apply efforts to raise additional capital. While there can be no assurance that it will be successful, the Company is in negotiations to raise additional capital. As of the filing date of this report, the Company has a note payable with a principal balance of $144,000 which is past due. The Company is currently in the process of negotiating an extension with respect to this note, though there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful. See Note 9 – Subsequent Events for details regarding the Company entering into a securities purchase agreement with an investor for the purchase of preferred stock, a warrant and a convertible note and exchange agreements with respect to the exchange of debt for common stock and warrants.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Stem Pearls. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods. The Company’s significant estimates and assumptions include the recoverability and useful lives of long-lived assets, the fair value of the Company’s stock, stock-based compensation, warrants issued in connection with notes payable, derivative liabilities and the valuation allowance related to the Company’s deferred tax assets. Certain of the Company’s estimates, including the carrying amount of the intangible assets, could be affected by external conditions, including those unique to the Company and general economic conditions. It is reasonably possible that these external factors could have an effect on the Company’s estimates and could cause actual results to differ from those estimates.

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred offering costs, which primarily consist of direct, incremental professional fees incurred in connection with preparing for a contemplated public offering of the Company’s equity securities (as described in Note 9 – Subsequent Events), are capitalized as non-current assets on the balance sheet. Upon the consummation of such contemplated offering, the deferred offering costs will be offset against the equity offering proceeds. As of June 30, 2019, the Company incurred deferred offering costs in the amount of $162,003, of which $127,074 and $22,000 are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses, respectively, on the June 30, 2019 condensed consolidated balance sheet, in connection with such contemplated public offering.

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”). The core principle of ASC 606 requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than required under existing U.S. GAAP including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation.

The five-step process outlined in the ASC 606 is as follows:

Step 1 – Identify the Contract with the Customer – A contract exists when (a) the parties to the contract have approved the contract and are committed to perform their respective obligations, (b) the entity can identify each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred, (c) the entity can identify the payment terms for the goods or services to be transferred, (d) the contract has commercial substance and it is probable that the entity will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer.

Step 2 – Identify Performance Obligations in the Contract – Upon execution of a contract, the Company identifies as performance obligations each promise to transfer to the customer either (a) goods or services that are distinct or (b) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, the Company must apply judgement to determine whether the goods or services are capable of being distinct within the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met, the goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

Step 3 – Determine the Transaction Price – When (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, the Company shall recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the performance obligation. The contract terms are used to determine the transaction price. Generally, all contracts include fixed consideration. If a contract did include variable consideration, the Company would determine the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price based on expected value method. Variable consideration would be included in the transaction price, if in the Company’s judgement, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract would not occur.

Step 4 – Allocate the Transaction Price – After the transaction price has been determined, the next step is to allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract. If the contract only has one performance obligation, the entire transaction price will be applied to that obligation. If the contract has multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling price (SSP) at contract inception.

Step 5 – Satisfaction of the Performance Obligations (and Recognize Revenue) – Revenue is recognized when (or as) goods or services are transferred to a customer. The Company satisfies each of its performance obligations by transferring control of the promised good or service underlying that performance obligation to the customer. Control is the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, an asset. It includes the ability to prevent other entities from directing the use of, and obtaining the benefits from, an asset. Indicators that control has passed to the customer include: a present obligation to pay; physical possession of the asset; legal title; risks and rewards of ownership; and acceptance of the asset. Performance obligations can be satisfied at a point in time or over time.

The Company recognizes all of its revenue pursuant to a license agreement between the Company and a stem cell treatment company (“SCTC”) entered into in January 2012, as amended in November 2015. Pursuant to the license agreement, the SCTC granted to the Company a license to use certain intellectual property related to, among other things, stem cell disc procedures and the Company has granted to the SCTC a non-exclusive sublicense to use, and the right to sublicense to third parties the right to use, in certain locations in the United States and the Cayman Islands, certain of the licensed intellectual property. In consideration of the sublicenses, the SCTC has agreed to pay the Company royalties on a per disc procedure basis.

The Company recognizes sublicensing and royalty revenue on a per disc procedure basis when the third-party sale occurs. All sales have fixed pricing and there are currently no variable components included in the Company’s revenue. The timing of the Company’s revenue recognition may differ from the timing of receiving royalty payments. A receivable is recorded when revenue is recognized prior to receipt of a royalty payment and the Company has an unconditional right to the royalty payment. Alternatively, when a royalty payment precedes the provision of the related services, the Company records deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized $31,000 and $60,000, respectively, of revenue related to the Company’s sublicenses. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized $37,000 and $56,000, respectively, of revenue related to the Company’s sublicenses.

The Company adopted ASC 606 for all applicable contracts using the modified retrospective method, which would have required a cumulative-effect adjustment, if any, as of the date of adoption. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of the date of adoption. As a result, a cumulative-effect adjustment was not required.

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of vested common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other instruments to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average dilutive common shares because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	June 30,
	2019		2018
Options		4,739,535		3,615,119
Warrants		5,852,952		3,318,403
Convertible notes - common stock [1]		21,525,021		2,713,717
Convertible notes - warrants		2,555,318		-
Total potentially dilutive shares		34,672,826		9,647,239

[1] As of June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, many of the convertible notes had variable conversion prices and the shares were estimated based on market conditions. Pursuant to the note agreements, on June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 there were 105,349,305 and 15,771,133 shares of common stock reserved for future note conversions, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. The fair value of the award is measured on the grant date and is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. The Company estimates the fair value of the awards granted based on the market value of its freely tradable common stock as reported on the OTCQB market. Upon the exercise of an option or warrant, the Company issues new shares of common stock out of its authorized shares.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its convertible instruments to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with Topic 815 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC. The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company record embedded conversion options (“ECOs”) and any related freestanding instruments at their fair values as of the inception date of the agreement and at fair value as of each subsequent balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recorded as non-operating, non-cash income or expense for each reporting period at each balance sheet date. Conversion options are recorded as a discount to the host instrument and are amortized as amortization of debt discount on the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements over the life of the underlying instrument. The Company reassesses the classification of its derivative instruments at each balance sheet date. If the classification changes as a result of events during the period, the contract is reclassified as of the date of the event that caused the reclassification.

The Multinomial Lattice Model and Black-Scholes Model were used to estimate the fair value of the ECOs of convertible notes payable, the warrants, and stock options that are classified as derivative liabilities on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The models include subjective input assumptions that can materially affect the fair value estimates. The expected volatility is estimated based on the actual volatility during the most recent historical period of time equal to the weighted average life of the instruments.

Sequencing Policy

Under ASC 815-40-35 (“ASC 815”), the Company has adopted a sequencing policy, whereby, in the event that reclassification of contracts from equity to assets or liabilities is necessary pursuant to ASC 815 due to the Company’s inability to demonstrate it has sufficient authorized shares as a result of certain securities with a potentially indeterminable number of shares, shares will be allocated on the basis of the earliest issuance date of potentially dilutive instruments, with the earliest grants receiving the first allocation of shares. Pursuant to ASC 815, issuances of securities to the Company’s employees or directors are not subject to the sequencing policy.

Reclassification

Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net loss.

Subsequent Events

The Company evaluates events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, except as disclosed.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. This amendment will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10 “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU 2018-10”), ASU No. 2018-11 “Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements” (“ASU 2018-11”) in July 2018, and ASU No. 2018-20 “Leases (Topic 842) - Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors” (“ASU 2018-20”) in December 2018. ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-20 provide certain amendments that affect narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-02. ASU 2018-11 allows all entities adopting ASU 2016-02 to choose an additional (and optional) transition method of adoption, under which an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating these ASUs and their impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”. The new standard will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has adopted this standard as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and financial statement disclosures.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718)” (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 is intended to reduce cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for nonemployee share-based payments. Currently, the accounting requirements for nonemployee and employee share-based payment transactions are significantly different. ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. This ASU supersedes Subtopic 505-50, Equity — Equity-Based Payments to Nonemployees. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than a company’s adoption date of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company early adopted this accounting standard as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and financial statement disclosures.

In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, “Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements” (“Topic 842”) (“ASU 2019-01”). These amendments align the guidance for fair value of the underlying asset by lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers in Topic 842 with that of existing guidance. As a result, the fair value of the underlying asset at lease commencement is its cost, reflecting any volume or trade discounts that may apply. However, if there has been a significant lapse of time between when the underlying asset is acquired and when the lease commences, the definition of fair value (in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement) should be applied. (Issue 1). The ASU also requires lessors within the scope of Topic 942, Financial Services—Depository and Lending, to present all “principal payments received under leases” within investing activities. (Issue 2). Finally, the ASU exempts both lessees and lessors from having to provide certain interim disclosures in the fiscal year in which a company adopts the new leases standard. (Issue 3). The transition and effective date provisions apply to Issue 1 and Issue 2. They do not apply to Issue 3 because the amendments for that Issue are to the original transition requirements in Topic 842. The effective date of those amendments is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2019-01 and its impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and financial statement disclosures.

In July 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-07, “Codification Updates to SEC Sections — Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Final Rule Releases No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, and Nos. 33-10231 and 33-10442, Investment Company Reporting Modernization and Miscellaneous Updates (SEC Update)” (“ASU 2019-07”). ASU 2019-07 aligns the guidance in various SEC sections of the Codification with the requirements of certain SEC final rules. ASU 2019-07 is effective immediately. The adoption of ASU 2019-07 did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. 

XML

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Note 4 – Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are comprised of the following:

	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Accrued payroll and other accrued expenses	$	61,884	$	91,560
Accrued research and development expenses		696,175		646,175
Accrued general and administrative expenses		1,360,545		1,084,831
Accrued director compensation		532,500		482,500
Deferred rent		14,573		33,610
Total accrued expenses		2,665,677		2,338,676
Less: accrued expenses, current portion		2,665,677		2,302,176
Accrued expenses, non-current portion	$	-	$	36,500

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with a certain consultant, pursuant to which $46,500 of previously accrued consulting fees were exchanged for 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and a $10,000 cash payment. The value of the shares was $7,200, and accordingly the Company recorded a gain on settlement of payables of $29,300 which is reflected within general and administrative expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

XML

Notes Payable

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Notes Payable

Note 5 – Notes Payable

A summary of the notes payable activity during the six months ended June 30, 2019 is presented below:

	Related Party			Convertible			Other			Debt
	Notes			Notes			Notes			Discount			Total
Outstanding, January 1, 2019	$	720,000		$	4,309,415		$	132,501		$	(1,012,363	)	$	4,149,553
Issuances		475,000			6,000,152	[1]		-			-			6,475,152
Exchanges for equity		-			(1,550,471	)		-			354,900			(1,195,571	)
Repayments		(15,000	)		(2,186,629	)		-			187,484			(2,014,145	)
Extinguishment of notes payable		-			-			(148,014)	[1]		6,196			(141,818	)
Recognition of debt discount		-			-			-			(3,565,622	)		(3,565,622	)
Accretion of interest expense		-			-			-			235,122			235,122
Accrued interest reclassified to notes payable principal		-			-			23,013			-			23,013
Amortization of debt discount		-			-			-			1,734,403			1,734,403
Outstanding, June 30, 2019 [2]	$	1,180,000		$	6,572,467	[3]	$	7,500		$	(2,059,880	)	$	5,700,087

[1]	During the six months ended June 30, 2019, a convertible note in the principal amount of $148,014 was issued concurrently with the extinguishment of a certain note payable in the same aggregate principal amount. See below within Note 5 – Notes Payable – Conversions, Exchanges and Other for additional details.
[2]	As of June 30, 2019, outstanding related party notes, convertible notes and other notes in the aggregate principal amounts of $0, $168,000 and $7,500, respectively, were considered past due.
[3]	As of June 30, 2019, a portion of convertible notes with an aggregate principal balance of $3,808,241 were convertible into shares of common stock at the election of the holder any time until the balance has been paid in full. As of June 30, 2019, a portion of convertible notes with an aggregate principal balance of $2,764,226, which are not currently convertible, will become convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the election of the respective holder subsequent to June 30, 2019.

Related Party Notes

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company issued to family members of an officer of the Company and a Scientific Advisory Board member (the “SAB Member”) notes payable in the aggregate principal amount of $475,000, which bear interest at the rate of 15% per annum and provide for maturity dates between July 2019 and August 2019.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company partially repaid a certain related party note in the principal amount of $15,000.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company and a certain related party agreed to further extend the maturity date of a note payable with a principal balance of $30,000 from January 2019 to December 2019.

As of June 30, 2019, related party notes consisted of notes payable issued to certain directors of the Company, family members of an officer of the Company, the SAB Member, and Tuxis Trust (the “Trust”). A director and principal shareholder of the Company serves as a trustee of the Trust, which was established for the benefit of his immediate family.

As of June 30, 2019, certain related party notes in the aggregate principal amount of $475,000 were convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.60 per share, subject to adjustment, and a five year warrant (the “Warrant”) for the purchase of a number of shares equal to the number of shares issued upon the conversion of the principal amount of the Note. The Warrant provides for an exercise price of $0.80 per share, subject to adjustment. As of June 30, 2019, the other related party notes in the aggregate principal amount of $705,000 were not convertible. See Note 9 – Subsequent Events for details regarding amendments to notes held by a director of the Company, and the Trust.

Convertible Notes

Issuances

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company issued certain lenders convertible notes payable in the aggregate principal amount of $5,852,138 for aggregate cash proceeds of $5,516,198. The difference of $335,940 was recorded as a debt discount and will be amortized over the terms of the respective notes. The convertible notes bear interest at rates ranging between 8% to 15% per annum payable at maturity with original maturity dates ranging between July 2019 through June 2020. In connection with the issuance of a certain convertible note, the Company issued the lender 68,873 shares of the Company’s common stock and the relative fair value of $54,168 was recorded as debt discount and is being amortized over the term of the note. In connection with the issuance of certain convertible notes, the Company issued the lenders five-year warrants to purchase an aggregate of 165,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at exercise prices ranging from $0.56 per share to $1.00 per share. The aggregate grant date value of the warrants was $66,500, which was recorded as debt discount and is being amortized over the terms of the respective convertible notes. The warrants were subject to the Company’s sequencing policy and, as a result, were initially recorded as derivative liabilities. See below within Note 5 – Notes Payable – Conversions, Exchanges and Other and Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details regarding the ECOs of the convertible notes.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, a certain convertible note in the principal amount of $148,014 was issued concurrently with the extinguishment of a certain other note payable in the same principal amount. See below within Note 5 – Notes Payable – Convertible Notes – Conversions, Exchanges and Other for additional details.

Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions

As of June 30, 2019, outstanding convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3,808,241 were convertible into shares of common stock of the Company as follows: (i) $2,007,139 of aggregate convertible notes were convertible at a fixed price ranging from $1.00 to $2.00 per share for the first six months following the respective issue date, and thereafter at a conversion price generally equal to a range of 58% to 65% of the fair value of the Company’s stock, subject to adjustment, until the respective note has been paid in full, (ii) $876,102 of aggregate convertible notes were convertible generally at a range of 58% to 65% of the fair value of the Company’s stock, subject to adjustment, depending on the note, and (iii) $925,000 of aggregate convertible notes were convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price ranging from $0.50 to $0.60 per share, subject to adjustment, and five-year warrants to purchase common stock of the Company in the same ratio. The warrants provide for an exercise price ranging from $0.75 to $0.80 per share, subject to adjustment. Convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $275,000 provide for a mandatory conversion into common stock of the Company and warrants to purchase common stock of the Company in the same ratio upon the completion of an underwritten public offering by the Company of its securities whereby the conversion price shall be equal to the lower of the respective original conversion terms, or 75% of the offering price for the shares of common stock of the Company, or units of shares of common stock of the Company and warrants, as the case may be, sold pursuant to the public offering. The Company analyzes the ECOs of its convertible notes at issuance to determine whether the ECO should be bifurcated and accounted for as a derivative liability or if the ECO contains a beneficial conversion feature. See below within Note 5 – Notes Payable – Convertible Notes – Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions and Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details regarding the ECOs of the convertible notes.

As of June 30, 2019, a portion of convertible notes with an aggregate principal balance of $2,764,226, which were not yet convertible, will generally become convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock subsequent to June 30, 2019 at a conversion price generally equal to 58% of the fair value of the Company’s stock, subject to adjustment, until the respective notes have been paid in full.

As of June 30, 2019, outstanding convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $4,096,363 have prepayment premiums, whereby, in the event that the Company elects to prepay certain notes during the one hundred eighty-day period following the issue date, the respective holder is entitled to receive a prepayment premium of up to 35%, depending on the note, on the then outstanding principal balance including accrued interest.

As of June 30, 2019, outstanding convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3,082,328 have most favored nation (“MFN”) provisions, whereby, so long as such respective note is outstanding, upon any issuance by the Company of any security with certain identified provisions more favorable to the holder of such security, then at the respective holder’s option, those more favorable terms shall become a part of the transaction documents with the holder. As of June 30, 2019, notes with applicable MFN provisions were convertible using MFN conversion prices equal to 58% of the fair market value of the Company’s stock, as defined.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company determined that certain ECOs of issued or extended convertible notes were derivative liabilities. The aggregate issuance date value of the bifurcated ECOs was $3,186,760, of which $3,101,962 was recorded as a debt discount and is being amortized over the terms of the respective convertible notes and $84,798 was recognized as part of an extinguishment loss as described below. See Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details.

Conversions, Exchanges and Other

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company and certain lenders exchanged certain convertible notes with bifurcated ECOs with an aggregate net carrying amount of $3,191,611 (including an aggregate of $1,550,471 of principal less debt discount of $354,900, $73,238 of accrued interest and $1,922,802 related to the separated ECOs accounted for as derivative liabilities) for an aggregate of 5,710,099 shares of the Company’s common stock at conversion prices ranging from $0.17 to $0.43 per share. The common stock had an aggregate exchange date value of $3,573,720 and, as a result, the Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of notes payable of $382,109. See Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company repaid an aggregate principal amount of $2,186,629 of convertible notes payable, $131,935 of the respective aggregate accrued interest and an aggregate of $340,009 of prepayment premiums. As a result of the repayments, the Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of notes payable of $527,492 and an aggregate of $187,484 of the related debt discounts were extinguished.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, a certain lender to the Company acquired a promissory note (classified in Other Notes) issued by the Company in the outstanding amount of $148,014 (inclusive of accrued interest reclassified to principal of $23,013) from a certain lender to the Company. The Company exchanged the acquired note for a new convertible note in the principal amount of $148,014 which accrues interest at a rate of 12% per annum, payable on the maturity date in March 2020. The ECO of the note was subject to sequencing and the issuance date fair value of $84,798 was accounted for as a derivative liability (see Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details). Since the fair value of the new ECO exceeded 10% of the principal amount of the new note, the note exchange was accounted for as an extinguishment, and accordingly the Company recognized a net loss on extinguishment of $90,994 in connection with the derecognition of the net carrying amount of $141,818 of the extinguished debt and the issuance of the new convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount $148,014 plus the fair value of the new note’s ECO of an aggregate of $84,798.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company and a certain lender agreed to an extension of the maturity date of a certain note payable with a principal balance of $100,000 from a maturity date in June 2019 to a new maturity date in December 2019. In consideration of the extension, the Company modified the conversion terms of the lender’s note to provide for a mandatory conversion into common stock of the Company and a five-year warrant to purchase common stock of the Company in the same ratio upon the completion of an underwritten public offering by the Company of its securities whereby, the conversion price shall be equal to the lower of the respective original conversion terms, or 75% of the offering price for the shares of common stock of the Company, or units of shares of common stock of the Company and warrants, as the case may be, sold pursuant to the public offering.

Other Notes

Exchange and Other

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company and a certain lender agreed to an extension of the maturity date of a certain note payable with a principal balance of $125,000 from a maturity date in January 2019 to a new maturity date in December 2019. In consideration of the extension, the Company issued the lender 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The issuance date fair value of the common stock of $7,052 was recorded as debt discount and is being amortized over the remaining term of the note.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $148,014 was issued concurrently with the extinguishment of a certain other note payable in the same principal amount. See above within Note 5 – Notes Payable – Conversions, Exchanges and Other for additional details.

XML

Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies

Consulting Agreements

Business Advisory Services

In January 2019, an agreement for business advisory services that had expired on December 31, 2018 was further extended and now provides for an expiration date of December 31, 2019. In consideration of the extension of the term of the consulting agreement, the Company issued to the consultant a five-year, immediately vested warrant for the purchase of 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. The grant date value of the warrant of $56,000 was recognized immediately as stock-based compensation expense which is reflected as consulting expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The warrant was subject to the Company’s sequencing policy and, as a result, was recorded as a derivative liability. See Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details.

Operating Lease

The Company is a party to a lease for 6,800 square feet of space located in Melville, New York (the “Melville Lease”) with respect to its corporate and laboratory operations. The Melville Lease was scheduled to expire in March 2020 (subject to extension at the option of the Company for a period of five years) and calls for an annual base rental during the initial term ranging between $132,600 and $149,260. In June 2019, the Company exercised its option to extend the Melville Lease and entered into a lease amendment with the lessor whereby the five-year extension term will commence on January 1, 2020 with annual base rent ranging between $153,748 and $173,060.

The Company’s rent expense amounted to approximately $24,000 and $54,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The Company’s rent expense amounted to approximately $31,000 and $61,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. Rent expense is reflected in general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Litigations, Claims and Assessments

In the normal course of business, the Company may be involved in legal proceedings, claims or assessments arising from the ordinary course of business, and as of June 30, 2019, none are expected to materially impact the Company’s financial position.

The Company records legal costs associated with loss contingencies as incurred and accrues for all probable and estimable settlements.

Bonus Accruals

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had remaining accruals of approximately $91,000 for bonus milestones that were achieved in prior years and remained unpaid. As of June 30, 2019, the remaining accruals for bonus milestones achieved in prior years had been paid in full. In April 2019, the Company’s Compensation Committee and Board of Directors approved performance goals associated with cash bonuses payable to certain officers for the year ending December 31, 2019 and, as a result, the Company accrued $61,290 for 2019 cash bonuses as of June 30, 2019. 

XML

Stockholders' Deficiency

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Deficiency

Note 7 – Stockholders’ Deficiency

Authorized Capital and 2010 Equity Plan

In March 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an increase in the number of authorized shares of common stock to 150,000,000, subject to shareholder approval. Additionally, the Board of Directors approved an increase in the number of authorized shares issuable under the Company’s 2010 Equity Participation Plan to 20,000,000, subject to shareholder approval. In May 2019, such shareholder approval was obtained.

In March 2019, the Board of Directors determined to submit to the Company’s shareholders for their approval amendments to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (with the Board of Directors having the authority to select and file one such amendment) to effect a reverse split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of not less than 1-for-2 and not more than 1-for-20, with the Board of Directors having the discretion as to whether or not the reverse stock split is to be effected, and with the exact ratio of any reverse stock split to be set at a whole number within the above range as determined by the Board of Directors in its discretion. Concurrently, the Board of Directors determined to submit to the Company’s shareholders for their approval a proposal to authorize the Board of Directors, in the event the reverse stock split proposal is approved by the shareholders, in its discretion, to reduce the number of authorized shares of common stock in proportion to the percentage decrease in the number of outstanding shares of common stock resulting from the reverse split (or a lesser decrease in authorized shares of common stock as determined by the Board of Directors in its discretion). In May 2019, the Company’s shareholders approved the foregoing proposals.

Compensatory Common Stock Issuance

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company issued 75,000 shares of immediately vested common stock valued at $30,000 to a consultant for services rendered.

Warrant and Option Valuation

The Company has computed the fair value of warrants and options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The expected term used for warrants and options issued to non-employees is the contractual life and the expected term used for options issued to employees and directors is the estimated period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The Company utilizes the “simplified” method to develop an estimate of the expected term of “plain vanilla” employee option grants. The Company is utilizing an expected volatility figure based on a review of the historical volatilities, over a period of time, equivalent to the expected life of the instrument being valued, of similarly positioned public companies within its industry. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining term consistent with the expected term of the instrument being valued.

Common Stock and Warrant Offerings

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,191,111 shares of common stock of the Company, five-year immediately vested warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,135,556 shares of common stock of the Company at exercise prices ranging from $0.85 per share to $1.00 per share and one-year immediately vested warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,055,555 shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.70 per share to certain investors for aggregate gross proceeds of $1,156,000. The warrants had an aggregate grant date fair value of $899,689. The warrants were subject to the Company’s sequencing policy and, as a result, were initially recorded as derivative liabilities. See Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities for additional details.

Stock Warrants

Warrant Compensation

See Note 6 – Commitments and Contingences for additional details associated with the issuance of a warrant in connection with a consulting agreement extension.

The Company recorded stock–based compensation expense of $0 and $56,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, related to stock warrants issued as compensation, which is reflected as consulting expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded stock–based compensation expense of $0 and $48,192, respectively, related to stock warrants issued as compensation.

Warrant Activity Summary

In applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model to warrants granted or issued, the Company used the following assumptions:

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Risk free interest rate		1.84% - 2.37	%		2.83	%		1.84% - 2.62	%		1.92% - 2.83	%
Contractual term (years)		1.00 - 5.00			5.00			1.00 - 5.00			1.98 - 5.00
Expected volatility		136% - 139	%		136	%		136% - 150	%		128% - 136	%
Expected dividends		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%

The weighted average estimated fair value of the warrants granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was approximately $0.34 and $0.42 per share, respectively. The weighted average estimated fair value of the warrants granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was approximately $1.23 and $1.22 per share, respectively.

A summary of the warrant activity during the six months ended June 30, 2019 is presented below:

						Weighted
				Weighted		Average
				Average		Remaining		Aggregate
	Number of			Exercise		Life		Intrinsic
	Warrants			Price		In Years		Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2019		3,483,403		$	3.63
Issued		2,456,111			0.78
Expired		(86,562	)		5.15
Outstanding, June 30, 2019		5,852,952		$	2.41		2.3	$	-
Exercisable, June 30, 2019		5,852,952		$	2.41		2.3	$	-

The following table presents information related to stock warrants at June 30, 2019:

Warrants Outstanding			Warrants Exercisable
			Weighted
	Outstanding		Average		Exercisable
Exercise	Number of		Remaining Life		Number of
Price	Warrants		In Years		Warrants
$0.56 - $0.99		2,456,111		3.0		2,456,111
$1.00 - $1.99		844,444		0.5		844,444
$2.00 - $2.99		75,000		4.3		75,000
$3.00 - $3.99		70,000		4.0		70,000
$4.00 - $4.99		2,102,135		2.0		2,102,135
$5.00 - $5.99		195,989		2.0		195,989
$6.00 - $7.99		40,000		1.1		40,000
$8.00 - $9.99		2,500		0.4		2,500
$10.00 - $15.00		66,773		0.6		66,773
		5,852,952		2.3		5,852,952

Stock Options

In March 2019, the Board of Directors reduced the exercise price of outstanding stock options for the purchase of an aggregate of 4,631,700 shares of common stock of the Company (with exercise prices ranging between $1.00 and $4.70 per share) to $0.75 per share, which was the closing price for the Company’s common stock on the day prior to determination, as reported by the OTCQB market. The exercise price reduction related to options held by, among others, the Company’s officers, directors, advisors and employees. The incremental value of the modified options compared to the original options, both valued as of the respective modification date, of $452,637 is being recognized over the vesting term of the options.

The following table presents information related to stock options at June 30, 2019:

Options Outstanding			Options Exercisable
			Weighted
	Outstanding		Average		Exercisable
Exercise	Number of		Remaining Life		Number of
Price	Options		In Years		Options
$0.75 - $0.99		4,623,367		6.9		3,167,037
$1.00 - $5.99		43,668		0.8		43,668
$6.00 - $19.99		37,500		4.5		37,500
$20.00 - $30.00		35,000		2.7		35,000
		4,739,535		6.8		3,283,205

The following table presents information related to stock option expense:

											Weighted
											Average
											Remaining
	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended				Unrecognized at		Amortization
	June 30,				June 30,				June 30,		Period
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		(Years)
Consulting	$	175,567	$	241,590	$	471,649	$	505,817	$	181,413		1.3
Research and development		96,138		68,593		245,932		144,438		398,589		1.8
General and administrative		171,099		517,004		454,901		1,011,552		633,859		1.4
	$	442,804	$	827,187	$	1,172,482	$	1,661,807	$	1,213,861		1.5

XML

Derivative Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Liabilities

Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities

The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of Level 3 derivative liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Beginning balance as of January 1, 2019	$	1,094,607
Issuance of derivative liabilities		4,208,949
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities in connection with convertible note repayments and exchanges		(1,922,802	)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		203,313
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity		(2,637,996	)
Ending balance as of June 30, 2019	$	946,071

In applying the Multinomial Lattice and Black-Scholes option pricing models to derivatives issued and outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company used the following assumptions:

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Risk free interest rate		1.71% - 2.42	%		2.24% - 2.73	%		1.71% - 2.62	%		1.22% - 2.56	%
Expected term (years)		0.02 - 5.00			0.26 - 4.41			0.02 - 5.00			0.26 - 4.91
Expected volatility		98% - 139	%		100% - 164	%		98% - 156	%		100% - 164	%
Expected dividends		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded new derivative liabilities in the aggregate amounts of $3,186,760 and $1,022,189 related to the ECOs of certain convertible notes payable and warrants subject to sequencing, respectively. See Note 5 – Notes Payable – Convertible Notes for additional details. See Note 6 – Commitments and Contingencies and Note 7 – Stockholders’ Deficiency for warrants issued and deemed to be derivative liabilities.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company extinguished an aggregate of $1,922,802 of derivative liabilities in connection with repayments and exchanges of certain convertible notes payable into shares of the Company’s common stock. See Note 5 – Notes Payable – Convertible Notes for additional details.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company reclassified an aggregate of $2,637,996 of derivative liabilities to equity as a result of a change in the sequencing status.

On June 30, 2019, the Company recomputed the fair value of ECOs recorded as derivative liabilities to be $688,738. The Company recorded a loss on the change in fair value of these derivative liabilities of $342,765 and $439,602 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

On June 30, 2019, the Company recomputed the fair value of the derivative liabilities related to outstanding warrants to be $257,333. These warrants are either redeemable for cash equal to the Black-Scholes value, as defined, at the election of the warrant holder upon a fundamental transaction pursuant to the warrant terms or were issued subsequent to the commencement of sequencing. The Company recorded a gain on the change in fair value of these derivative liabilities of $185,716 and $236,289 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

XML

Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Note 9 – Subsequent Events

Arena Investors

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Arena Purchase Agreement”) with Arena Investors LP (“Arena”) pursuant to which Arena has agreed to acquire 5,500,000 shares of Series A preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company, a warrant for the purchase of 6,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (the “Arena Warrant”) and a convertible promissory note of the Company in the principal amount of $500,000 (the “Arena Note”), in consideration of a payment by Arena to the Company of an aggregate of $5,400,000. The closing of the Arena Purchase Agreement is subject to, among other things, approval by the shareholders of the Company of the Arena Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, the concurrent execution of an underwriting agreement with regard to a public offering of the Company’s securities with gross proceeds to the Company of at least $7,500,000 (the “Public Offering”) and approval by the Nasdaq Stock Market of the Company’s pending listing application with respect to its shares of common stock. The number of shares of common stock subject to the Arena Warrant is subject to adjustment for the Company’s contemplated reverse stock split in connection with the Public Offering.

The shares of Series A preferred stock will be convertible, at the option of Arena, into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price generally equal to 75% of the public offering price for the common stock, or units of common stock and warrants, as the case may be, offered pursuant to the Public Offering, except that, with respect to any shares of Series A preferred stock that are outstanding as of the 18 month anniversary of the closing date of the Arena Purchase Agreement (or earlier under certain circumstances), the conversion price will be, if lower, 85% of the market price of the shares of common stock of the Company as of such anniversary date (or such earlier date) (but in no event less than $0.10 per share, subject to adjustment for reverse stock splits and the like). The shares of Series A preferred stock will carry a 12% cumulative dividend and will be redeemable at the Company’s option, subject to certain conditions, provided that the Company pays a redemption premium of 25%. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, the holders of the Series A preferred stock will be entitled to receive the stated value of the shares of $5,500,000, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, before any distribution is made to the holders of common stock or other junior securities. Except as required by law, the holders of the Series A preferred stock will not have any voting rights.

The Arena Warrant will be exercisable for a period of three years at an exercise price per share generally equal to the lesser of 125% of the conversion price for the shares of Series A preferred stock or 100% of the exercise price of any warrants included as part of units offered pursuant to the Public Offering (the “Public Warrants”). In the event the ratio of the number of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the Public Warrants to the number of shares of common stock included as part of such units is greater than one-to-one, then the number of shares of common stock of the Company underlying the Arena Warrant will be proportionately increased. Arena will be able to exercise the Arena Warrant on a cashless basis if, as of the six month anniversary of the closing date, the shares of common stock underlying the Arena Warrant are not then registered for resale pursuant to an effective registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

The Arena Note will provide for an 18-month maturity date (subject to extension in the event any shares of Series A preferred stock are outstanding as of such date) and interest at the rate of 12% per annum. The principal amount of the Arena Note will be convertible into shares of Series A preferred stock of the Company at a ratio of one share of Series A preferred stock for each dollar of indebtedness converted. The Company will have the right to prepay the Arena Note, subject to certain conditions, provided that the Company pays a 30% prepayment premium and concurrently redeems any outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock. The payment of the Arena Note will be secured by the grant by the Company of a security interest in its tangible and intangible assets.

In connection with the Arena Purchase Agreement, the Company will enter into a separate registration rights agreement with Arena at closing pursuant to which the Company will agree to undertake to file a registration statement with the SEC to register the resale of the shares underlying the Series A preferred stock and the Arena Warrant. Arena has agreed to enter into a lock-up agreement with the representative of the underwriters of the Public Offering pursuant to which it will agree that it will not sell publicly any shares of common stock of the Company for a period of 135 days following the Public Offering unless the closing price of the shares of common stock of the Company equals or exceeds, for a period of five consecutive trading days, 150% of the public offering price for the securities offered pursuant to the Public Offering. If the Company fails to file the registration statement with the SEC within 50 days following the Public Offering or have it declared effective by the SEC within 135 days following the Public Offering, or if the Company fails to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement until all of such shares of common stock have been sold or are otherwise able to be sold pursuant to Rue 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, without any volume or manner of sale restrictions, then the Company will be obligated to pay to Arena liquidated damages equal to 1% per month of the aggregate amount paid by Arena for its securities (subject to an 8% cap), until such events are satisfied.

Notes Payable

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,042,688 to certain lenders for aggregate cash proceeds of $971,500. The difference of $71,188 was recorded as a debt discount and will be amortized over the terms of the respective notes. The convertible notes bear interest at a rate of 12% per annum, payable at maturity, with original maturity dates ranging from December 2019 to August 2020. The notes are convertible as follows: (i) $810,000 of aggregate convertible notes and the respective accrued interest are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the election of the holder after the 180th day following the issue date at a conversion price generally equal to 58% of the fair value of the Company’s common stock, (ii) $167,688 of aggregate convertible notes are convertible at either a fixed price of $0.25 or $1.00 per share, depending on the note, for the first six months following the respective issue date, and thereafter at a conversion price generally equal to 58% of the fair value of the Company’s stock, subject to adjustment, until the respective note has been paid in full, and (iii) $65,000 of aggregate convertible notes are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.50 per share, subject to adjustment, and five-year warrants to purchase common stock of the Company in the same ratio. The warrants provide for an exercise price of $0.75 per share, subject to adjustment. Convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $65,000 are mandatorily convertible into common stock of the Company and warrants to purchase common stock of the Company in the same ratio upon the completion of an underwritten public offering by the Company of its securities whereby the conversion price shall be equal to the lower of the respective original conversion price, or 75% of the offering price for the shares of common stock of the Company, or units of shares of common stock of the Company and warrants, sold pursuant to the Public Offering. In connection with the issuance of certain convertible promissory notes, the Company issued to the respective lenders warrants for the purchase of an aggregate of 130,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The grant date fair value of the warrants will be recorded as a debt discount and will be amortized over the terms of the respective notes. In the event that the Company elects to prepay certain notes during the 180 period following the issue date, the holder will be entitled to receive a prepayment premium up to 35%, depending on the note, of the then outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest.

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company, a director of the Company, and the Trust agreed that promissory notes held by the director and the Trust in the outstanding principal amounts of $175,000 and $500,000, respectively, will be exchanged for shares of common stock and warrants, as described below, in connection with the Public Offering. The exchange price for the indebtedness will be equal to 75% of the public offering price of the common stock, or units of common stock and warrants, as the case may be, offered pursuant to the Public Offering (the “Director/Trust Exchange Price”). The number of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the warrants to be issued to the director and the Trust will be in the same ratio to the number of shares of common stock issued upon exchange of their indebtedness as the number of shares of common stock subject to the Public Warrants bears to the number of shares of common stock issued as part of the Public Offering units. The exercise price of the warrants to be issued to the director and the Trust will be 125% of the Director/Trust Exchange Price and the term of the warrants will be the same term as the Public Warrants. Concurrently with the exchange, the exercise prices of outstanding warrants held by the director and the Trust for the purchase of an aggregate of 1,377,842 shares of common stock of the Company will be reduced from between $1.50 and $4.00 per share to $0.75 per share and the expiration dates of such warrants will be extended from between December 2019 and March 2022 to December 2023. The exchange agreements will be submitted for approval by the shareholders of the Company. In the event that such shareholder approval is not obtained prior to the Public Offering, then, in connection with the Public Offering, the promissory notes held by the director and the Trust will be paid.

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the holders of notes in the aggregate principal amount $1,053,102 entered into agreements with the Company pursuant to which the parties agreed that the maturity of the promissory notes held by such holders will be further extended to dates ranging between July 2019 to July 2020. Such notes in the aggregate amount of $1,025,000 will be exchanged for shares of common stock and warrants, as described below, in connection with the Public Offering. The exchange price for the indebtedness will be equal to the lesser of (i) 75% of the public offering price of the common stock, or units of common stock and warrants, as the case may be, offered pursuant to the Public Offering or (ii) $0.60 per share (subject to adjustment for reverse stock splits and the like) (the “Other Indebtedness Exchange Price”). The number of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the warrants to be issued to such holders will be equal to the number of shares of common stock issuable to them upon conversion of the principal amount of their respective notes. The exchange price of the warrants to be issued to such holders will be the lesser of (i) 125% of the Other Indebtedness Exchange Price or (ii) $0.80 per share (subject to adjustment for reverse stock splits and the like).

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company and certain lenders agreed to the exchange of convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $225,102 and aggregate accrued interest of $34,107 for an aggregate of 1,616,669 shares of the Company’s common stock at exchange prices ranging from $0.12 to $0.19 per share.

Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company repaid an aggregate principal amount of $926,250 of convertible notes payable, $54,720 of the respective aggregate accrued interest and an aggregate of $335,076 of prepayment premium.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Stem Pearls. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods. The Company’s significant estimates and assumptions include the recoverability and useful lives of long-lived assets, the fair value of the Company’s stock, stock-based compensation, warrants issued in connection with notes payable, derivative liabilities and the valuation allowance related to the Company’s deferred tax assets. Certain of the Company’s estimates, including the carrying amount of the intangible assets, could be affected by external conditions, including those unique to the Company and general economic conditions. It is reasonably possible that these external factors could have an effect on the Company’s estimates and could cause actual results to differ from those estimates.

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred offering costs, which primarily consist of direct, incremental professional fees incurred in connection with preparing for a contemplated public offering of the Company’s equity securities (as described in Note 9 – Subsequent Events), are capitalized as non-current assets on the balance sheet. Upon the consummation of such contemplated offering, the deferred offering costs will be offset against the equity offering proceeds. As of June 30, 2019, the Company incurred deferred offering costs in the amount of $162,003, of which $127,074 and $22,000 are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses, respectively, on the June 30, 2019 condensed consolidated balance sheet, in connection with such contemplated public offering.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”). The core principle of ASC 606 requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than required under existing U.S. GAAP including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation.

The five-step process outlined in the ASC 606 is as follows:

Step 1 – Identify the Contract with the Customer – A contract exists when (a) the parties to the contract have approved the contract and are committed to perform their respective obligations, (b) the entity can identify each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred, (c) the entity can identify the payment terms for the goods or services to be transferred, (d) the contract has commercial substance and it is probable that the entity will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer.

Step 2 – Identify Performance Obligations in the Contract – Upon execution of a contract, the Company identifies as performance obligations each promise to transfer to the customer either (a) goods or services that are distinct or (b) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, the Company must apply judgement to determine whether the goods or services are capable of being distinct within the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met, the goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

Step 3 – Determine the Transaction Price – When (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, the Company shall recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the performance obligation. The contract terms are used to determine the transaction price. Generally, all contracts include fixed consideration. If a contract did include variable consideration, the Company would determine the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price based on expected value method. Variable consideration would be included in the transaction price, if in the Company’s judgement, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract would not occur.

Step 4 – Allocate the Transaction Price – After the transaction price has been determined, the next step is to allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract. If the contract only has one performance obligation, the entire transaction price will be applied to that obligation. If the contract has multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling price (SSP) at contract inception.

Step 5 – Satisfaction of the Performance Obligations (and Recognize Revenue) – Revenue is recognized when (or as) goods or services are transferred to a customer. The Company satisfies each of its performance obligations by transferring control of the promised good or service underlying that performance obligation to the customer. Control is the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, an asset. It includes the ability to prevent other entities from directing the use of, and obtaining the benefits from, an asset. Indicators that control has passed to the customer include: a present obligation to pay; physical possession of the asset; legal title; risks and rewards of ownership; and acceptance of the asset. Performance obligations can be satisfied at a point in time or over time.

The Company recognizes all of its revenue pursuant to a license agreement between the Company and a stem cell treatment company (“SCTC”) entered into in January 2012, as amended in November 2015. Pursuant to the license agreement, the SCTC granted to the Company a license to use certain intellectual property related to, among other things, stem cell disc procedures and the Company has granted to the SCTC a non-exclusive sublicense to use, and the right to sublicense to third parties the right to use, in certain locations in the United States and the Cayman Islands, certain of the licensed intellectual property. In consideration of the sublicenses, the SCTC has agreed to pay the Company royalties on a per disc procedure basis.

The Company recognizes sublicensing and royalty revenue on a per disc procedure basis when the third-party sale occurs. All sales have fixed pricing and there are currently no variable components included in the Company’s revenue. The timing of the Company’s revenue recognition may differ from the timing of receiving royalty payments. A receivable is recorded when revenue is recognized prior to receipt of a royalty payment and the Company has an unconditional right to the royalty payment. Alternatively, when a royalty payment precedes the provision of the related services, the Company records deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized $31,000 and $60,000, respectively, of revenue related to the Company’s sublicenses. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized $37,000 and $56,000, respectively, of revenue related to the Company’s sublicenses.

The Company adopted ASC 606 for all applicable contracts using the modified retrospective method, which would have required a cumulative-effect adjustment, if any, as of the date of adoption. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of the date of adoption. As a result, a cumulative-effect adjustment was not required.

Net Loss Per Common Share

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of vested common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other instruments to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average dilutive common shares because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	June 30,
	2019		2018
Options		4,739,535		3,615,119
Warrants		5,852,952		3,318,403
Convertible notes - common stock [1]		21,525,021		2,713,717
Convertible notes - warrants		2,555,318		-
Total potentially dilutive shares		34,672,826		9,647,239

[1] As of June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, many of the convertible notes had variable conversion prices and the shares were estimated based on market conditions. Pursuant to the note agreements, on June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 there were 105,349,305 and 15,771,133 shares of common stock reserved for future note conversions, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. The fair value of the award is measured on the grant date and is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. The Company estimates the fair value of the awards granted based on the market value of its freely tradable common stock as reported on the OTCQB market. Upon the exercise of an option or warrant, the Company issues new shares of common stock out of its authorized shares.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its convertible instruments to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with Topic 815 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC. The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company record embedded conversion options (“ECOs”) and any related freestanding instruments at their fair values as of the inception date of the agreement and at fair value as of each subsequent balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recorded as non-operating, non-cash income or expense for each reporting period at each balance sheet date. Conversion options are recorded as a discount to the host instrument and are amortized as amortization of debt discount on the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements over the life of the underlying instrument. The Company reassesses the classification of its derivative instruments at each balance sheet date. If the classification changes as a result of events during the period, the contract is reclassified as of the date of the event that caused the reclassification.

The Multinomial Lattice Model and Black-Scholes Model were used to estimate the fair value of the ECOs of convertible notes payable, the warrants, and stock options that are classified as derivative liabilities on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The models include subjective input assumptions that can materially affect the fair value estimates. The expected volatility is estimated based on the actual volatility during the most recent historical period of time equal to the weighted average life of the instruments.

Sequencing Policy

Sequencing Policy

Under ASC 815-40-35 (“ASC 815”), the Company has adopted a sequencing policy, whereby, in the event that reclassification of contracts from equity to assets or liabilities is necessary pursuant to ASC 815 due to the Company’s inability to demonstrate it has sufficient authorized shares as a result of certain securities with a potentially indeterminable number of shares, shares will be allocated on the basis of the earliest issuance date of potentially dilutive instruments, with the earliest grants receiving the first allocation of shares. Pursuant to ASC 815, issuances of securities to the Company’s employees or directors are not subject to the sequencing policy.

Reclassification

Reclassification

Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net loss.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

The Company evaluates events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, except as disclosed.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. This amendment will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10 “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU 2018-10”), ASU No. 2018-11 “Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements” (“ASU 2018-11”) in July 2018, and ASU No. 2018-20 “Leases (Topic 842) - Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors” (“ASU 2018-20”) in December 2018. ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-20 provide certain amendments that affect narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-02. ASU 2018-11 allows all entities adopting ASU 2016-02 to choose an additional (and optional) transition method of adoption, under which an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating these ASUs and their impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”. The new standard will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has adopted this standard as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and financial statement disclosures.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718)” (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 is intended to reduce cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for nonemployee share-based payments. Currently, the accounting requirements for nonemployee and employee share-based payment transactions are significantly different. ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. This ASU supersedes Subtopic 505-50, Equity — Equity-Based Payments to Nonemployees. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than a company’s adoption date of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company early adopted this accounting standard as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and financial statement disclosures.

In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, “Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements” (“Topic 842”) (“ASU 2019-01”). These amendments align the guidance for fair value of the underlying asset by lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers in Topic 842 with that of existing guidance. As a result, the fair value of the underlying asset at lease commencement is its cost, reflecting any volume or trade discounts that may apply. However, if there has been a significant lapse of time between when the underlying asset is acquired and when the lease commences, the definition of fair value (in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement) should be applied. (Issue 1). The ASU also requires lessors within the scope of Topic 942, Financial Services—Depository and Lending, to present all “principal payments received under leases” within investing activities. (Issue 2). Finally, the ASU exempts both lessees and lessors from having to provide certain interim disclosures in the fiscal year in which a company adopts the new leases standard. (Issue 3). The transition and effective date provisions apply to Issue 1 and Issue 2. They do not apply to Issue 3 because the amendments for that Issue are to the original transition requirements in Topic 842. The effective date of those amendments is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2019-01 and its impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and financial statement disclosures.

In July 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-07, “Codification Updates to SEC Sections — Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Final Rule Releases No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, and Nos. 33-10231 and 33-10442, Investment Company Reporting Modernization and Miscellaneous Updates (SEC Update)” (“ASU 2019-07”). ASU 2019-07 aligns the guidance in various SEC sections of the Codification with the requirements of certain SEC final rules. ASU 2019-07 is effective immediately. The adoption of ASU 2019-07 did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Weighted Average Dilutive Common Shares

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average dilutive common shares because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

	June 30,
	2019		2018
Options		4,739,535		3,615,119
Warrants		5,852,952		3,318,403
Convertible notes - common stock [1]		21,525,021		2,713,717
Convertible notes - warrants		2,555,318		-
Total potentially dilutive shares		34,672,826		9,647,239

[1] As of June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, many of the convertible notes had variable conversion prices and the shares were estimated based on market conditions. Pursuant to the note agreements, on June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 there were 105,349,305 and 15,771,133 shares of common stock reserved for future note conversions, respectively.

XML

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are comprised of the following:

	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Accrued payroll and other accrued expenses	$	61,884	$	91,560
Accrued research and development expenses		696,175		646,175
Accrued general and administrative expenses		1,360,545		1,084,831
Accrued director compensation		532,500		482,500
Deferred rent		14,573		33,610
Total accrued expenses		2,665,677		2,338,676
Less: accrued expenses, current portion		2,665,677		2,302,176
Accrued expenses, non-current portion	$	-	$	36,500

XML

Notes Payable (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Notes Payable Activity

A summary of the notes payable activity during the six months ended June 30, 2019 is presented below:

	Related Party			Convertible			Other			Debt
	Notes			Notes			Notes			Discount			Total
Outstanding, January 1, 2019	$	720,000		$	4,309,415		$	132,501		$	(1,012,363	)	$	4,149,553
Issuances		475,000			6,000,152	[1]		-			-			6,475,152
Exchanges for equity		-			(1,550,471	)		-			354,900			(1,195,571	)
Repayments		(15,000	)		(2,186,629	)		-			187,484			(2,014,145	)
Extinguishment of notes payable		-			-			(148,014)	[1]		6,196			(141,818	)
Recognition of debt discount		-			-			-			(3,565,622	)		(3,565,622	)
Accretion of interest expense		-			-			-			235,122			235,122
Accrued interest reclassified to notes payable principal		-			-			23,013			-			23,013
Amortization of debt discount		-			-			-			1,734,403			1,734,403
Outstanding, June 30, 2019 [2]	$	1,180,000		$	6,572,467	[3]	$	7,500		$	(2,059,880	)	$	5,700,087

[1]	During the six months ended June 30, 2019, a convertible note in the principal amount of $148,014 was issued concurrently with the extinguishment of a certain note payable in the same aggregate principal amount. See below within Note 5 – Notes Payable – Conversions, Exchanges and Other for additional details.
[2]	As of June 30, 2019, outstanding related party notes, convertible notes and other notes in the aggregate principal amounts of $0, $168,000 and $7,500, respectively, were considered past due.
[3]	As of June 30, 2019, a portion of convertible notes with an aggregate principal balance of $3,808,241 were convertible into shares of common stock at the election of the holder any time until the balance has been paid in full. As of June 30, 2019, a portion of convertible notes with an aggregate principal balance of $2,764,226, which are not currently convertible, will become convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the election of the respective holder subsequent to June 30, 2019.

XML

Stockholders' Deficiency (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Share Based Payment Award Stock Option Granted Assumptions

In applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model to warrants granted or issued, the Company used the following assumptions:

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Risk free interest rate		1.84% - 2.37	%		2.83	%		1.84% - 2.62	%		1.92% - 2.83	%
Contractual term (years)		1.00 - 5.00			5.00			1.00 - 5.00			1.98 - 5.00
Expected volatility		136% - 139	%		136	%		136% - 150	%		128% - 136	%
Expected dividends		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%

Schedule of Warrant Activity

A summary of the warrant activity during the six months ended June 30, 2019 is presented below:

						Weighted
				Weighted		Average
				Average		Remaining		Aggregate
	Number of			Exercise		Life		Intrinsic
	Warrants			Price		In Years		Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2019		3,483,403		$	3.63
Issued		2,456,111			0.78
Expired		(86,562	)		5.15
Outstanding, June 30, 2019		5,852,952		$	2.41		2.3	$	-
Exercisable, June 30, 2019		5,852,952		$	2.41		2.3	$	-

Schedule of Stock Warrants

The following table presents information related to stock warrants at June 30, 2019:

Warrants Outstanding			Warrants Exercisable
			Weighted
	Outstanding		Average		Exercisable
Exercise	Number of		Remaining Life		Number of
Price	Warrants		In Years		Warrants
$0.56 - $0.99		2,456,111		3.0		2,456,111
$1.00 - $1.99		844,444		0.5		844,444
$2.00 - $2.99		75,000		4.3		75,000
$3.00 - $3.99		70,000		4.0		70,000
$4.00 - $4.99		2,102,135		2.0		2,102,135
$5.00 - $5.99		195,989		2.0		195,989
$6.00 - $7.99		40,000		1.1		40,000
$8.00 - $9.99		2,500		0.4		2,500
$10.00 - $15.00		66,773		0.6		66,773
		5,852,952		2.3		5,852,952

Schedule of Stock Option by Exercise Price

The following table presents information related to stock options at June 30, 2019:

Options Outstanding			Options Exercisable
			Weighted
	Outstanding		Average		Exercisable
Exercise	Number of		Remaining Life		Number of
Price	Options		In Years		Options
$0.75 - $0.99		4,623,367		6.9		3,167,037
$1.00 - $5.99		43,668		0.8		43,668
$6.00 - $19.99		37,500		4.5		37,500
$20.00 - $30.00		35,000		2.7		35,000
		4,739,535		6.8		3,283,205

Schedule of Stock Option Expense

The following table presents information related to stock option expense:

											Weighted
											Average
											Remaining
	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended				Unrecognized at		Amortization
	June 30,				June 30,				June 30,		Period
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		(Years)
Consulting	$	175,567	$	241,590	$	471,649	$	505,817	$	181,413		1.3
Research and development		96,138		68,593		245,932		144,438		398,589		1.8
General and administrative		171,099		517,004		454,901		1,011,552		633,859		1.4
	$	442,804	$	827,187	$	1,172,482	$	1,661,807	$	1,213,861		1.5

XML

Derivative Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Derivative Liabilities

The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of Level 3 derivative liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Beginning balance as of January 1, 2019	$	1,094,607
Issuance of derivative liabilities		4,208,949
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities in connection with convertible note repayments and exchanges		(1,922,802	)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		203,313
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity		(2,637,996	)
Ending balance as of June 30, 2019	$	946,071

Summary of Derivative Liabilities Fair Value Assumption

In applying the Multinomial Lattice and Black-Scholes option pricing models to derivatives issued and outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company used the following assumptions:

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Risk free interest rate		1.71% - 2.42	%		2.24% - 2.73	%		1.71% - 2.62	%		1.22% - 2.56	%
Expected term (years)		0.02 - 5.00			0.26 - 4.41			0.02 - 5.00			0.26 - 4.91
Expected volatility		98% - 139	%		100% - 164	%		98% - 156	%		100% - 164	%
Expected dividends		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%

XML

Going Concern and Management's Plans (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Aug. 14, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Working capital deficiency		$ 9,786,144				$ 9,786,144
Stockholder's deficiency		8,942,471	$ 7,652,744	$ 9,868,013	$ 7,690,296	8,942,471	$ 9,868,013	$ 8,641,038	$ 6,836,568
Net loss		4,157,190	$ 3,883,172	$ 3,514,423	$ 2,507,660	8,040,362	$ 6,022,083
Repayments of debt						(2,014,145)
Note payable past due		$ 144,000				$ 144,000
July 2019 and July 2020 [Member]
Repayments of debt	$ 1,053,102
Subsequent Event [Member]
Aggregate debt proceeds	971,500
Exchanges for equity	259,209
Repayments of debt	$ 980,970

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Deferred offering cost	$ 162,003		$ 162,003
Accounts payable	127,074		127,074
Accrued expenses	22,000		22,000
Royalty revenue	$ 31,000	$ 37,000	$ 60,000	$ 56,000

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Weighted Average Dilutive Common Shares (Details) - shares		6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Total potentially dilutive shares		34,672,826	9,647,239
Options [Member]
Total potentially dilutive shares		4,739,535	3,615,119
Warrants [Member]
Total potentially dilutive shares		5,852,952	3,318,403
Convertible Notes - Common Stock [Member]
Total potentially dilutive shares	[1]	21,525,021	2,713,717
Convertible Notes - Warrants [Member]
Total potentially dilutive shares		2,555,318

[1] As of June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, many of the convertible notes had variable conversion prices and the shares were estimated based on market conditions. Pursuant to the note agreements, on June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 there were 105,349,305 and 15,771,133 shares of common stock reserved for future note conversions, respectively.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Weighted Average Dilutive Common Shares (Details) (Parenthetical) - shares	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Common stock, reserved for future issuance	105,349,305	15,771,133

XML

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Gain (loss) on settlement of notes payable, net	$ 552,109	$ 44,951	$ 1,000,595	$ 63,788
Exchange Agreement [Member] | Consultant [Member]
Accrued consulting fees	$ 46,500		$ 46,500
Stock issued in exchange of consulting fees			10,000
Payment of consulting fees			$ 10,000
Common stock aggregate grant date value			7,200
Gain (loss) on settlement of notes payable, net			$ 29,300

XML

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Line Items]
Less: accrued expenses, current portion	$ 2,665,677	$ 2,302,176
Accrued expenses, non-current portion		36,500
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Member]
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Line Items]
Accrued payroll and other accrued expenses	61,884	91,560
Accrued research and development expenses	696,175	646,175
Accrued general and administrative expenses	1,360,545	1,084,831
Accrued director compensation	532,500	482,500
Deferred rent	14,573	33,610
Total accrued expenses	2,665,677	2,338,676
Less: accrued expenses, current portion	2,665,677	2,302,176
Accrued expenses, non-current portion		$ 36,500

XML

Notes Payable (Details Narrative)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Aug. 14, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares		Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares		Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) shares
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payment of notes payable						$ 2,201,629		$ 149,425
Notes payable		$ 5,700,087	[1]			5,700,087	[1]		$ 4,149,553
Original issuance debt discount		$ 2,035,578				$ 2,035,578			$ 936,866
Number of warrants issued to purchase shares of common stock | shares		5,852,952				5,852,952
Common stock, shares issued | shares		19,793,477				19,793,477			11,728,394
Debt instrument principal conversion values					$ 52,904
Loss on extinguishment of notes payable		$ (552,109)		$ (44,951)		$ (1,000,595)		$ (63,788)
Repayments of debt						2,014,145
Extinguished debt						141,818
Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payment of notes payable	$ 926,250
Convertible notes payable aggregate principal amount	$ 2,764,226
Debt instrument convertible conversion ratio	0.58
Accrued interest	$ 54,720
Repayments of debt	(980,970)
Aggregate principal on prepayment premiums	$ 335,076
Warrant [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of warrants issued to purchase shares of common stock | shares	1,377,842
Lenders [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount		100,000				$ 100,000
Debt maturity period						Maturity date in June 2019 to a new maturity date in December 2019
Warrant term						5 years
Offering price percentage						75.00%
Lenders [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable aggregate principal amount	$ 225,102
Accrued interest	$ 34,107
Lenders [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price | $ / shares	$ 0.12
Lenders [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price | $ / shares	$ 0.19
Related Party Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount		0				$ 0
Payment of notes payable						15,000
Convertible notes payable aggregate principal amount		$ 475,000				$ 475,000
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price | $ / shares		$ 0.60				$ 0.60
Warrant term						5 years
Warrant exercise price | $ / shares		$ 0.80				$ 0.80
Related Party Notes [Member] | Extended Maturity Date from January 2019 to December 2019 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes payable		$ 30,000				$ 30,000
Related Party Notes [Member] | Scientific Advisory Board Member [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount		$ 475,000				$ 475,000
Interest rate		15.00%				15.00%
Debt maturity period						maturity dates between July 2019 and August 2019.
Other Related Party Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes payable		$ 705,000				$ 705,000
Convertible Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt maturity period						Original maturity dates ranging between July 2019 through June 2020
Convertible notes payable aggregate principal amount		5,852,138				$ 5,852,138
Warrant term						5 years
Proceeds from convertible debt						$ 5,516,198
Original issuance debt discount		335,940				$ 335,940
Number of shares of common stock | shares						68,873
Debt discount		$ 54,168				$ 54,168
Number of warrants issued to purchase shares of common stock | shares		165,000				165,000
Fair value of warrant		$ 66,500				$ 66,500
Convertible debt fair value		148,014				148,014
Loss on extinguishment of notes payable						527,492
Repayments of debt						131,935
Aggregate principal on prepayment premiums		$ 340,009				340,009
Extinguishments of debt discounts						$ 187,484
Convertible Notes [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price | $ / shares		$ 0.56				$ 0.56
Debt instrument interest rate		8.00%				8.00%
Convertible Notes [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price | $ / shares		$ 1.00				$ 1.00
Debt instrument interest rate		15.00%				15.00%
Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable aggregate principal amount		$ 3,808,241				$ 3,808,241
Warrant term						5 years
Warrant exercise price | $ / shares		$ 0.80				$ 0.80
Debt instrument principal conversion values						$ 2,007,139
Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price | $ / shares		1.00				$ 1.00
Debt instrument convertible conversion ratio						0.58
Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price | $ / shares		$ 2.00				$ 2.00
Debt instrument convertible conversion ratio						0.65
Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions 2 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument principal conversion values						$ 876,102
Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions 2 [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument convertible conversion ratio						0.58
Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions 2 [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument convertible conversion ratio						0.65
Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions 3 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument principal conversion values						$ 925,000
Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions 3 [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable aggregate principal amount		$ 275,000				$ 275,000
Offering price percentage						75.00%
Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions 3 [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price | $ / shares		$ 0.50				$ 0.50
Warrant exercise price | $ / shares		0.75				0.75
Embedded Conversion Options and Note Provisions 3 [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price | $ / shares		0.60				0.60
Warrant exercise price | $ / shares		$ 0.80				$ 0.80
Prepays 1 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable aggregate principal amount		$ 4,096,363				$ 4,096,363
Percentage on prepayment premium		35.00%				35.00%
MFN [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Convertible notes payable aggregate principal amount		$ 3,082,328				$ 3,082,328
Debt instrument convertible conversion ratio						0.58
ECO [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount		148,014				$ 148,014
Original issuance debt discount		3,101,962				3,101,962
Convertible debt fair value		84,798				84,798
Debt instrument principal conversion values						3,186,760
Loss on extinguishment of notes payable						84,798
Derivative liability		84,798				84,798
Conversions, Exchanges and Other [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount		1,550,471				1,550,471
Proceeds from convertible debt						3,573,720
Original issuance debt discount		$ 354,900				$ 354,900
Common stock, shares issued | shares		5,710,099				5,710,099
Debt instrument principal conversion values						$ 3,191,611
Loss on extinguishment of notes payable						382,109
Accrued interest		$ 73,238				73,238
Derivative liability		1,922,802				1,922,802
Repayments of debt						2,186,629
Amount of outstanding principal related party past maturity		148,014				148,014
Accrued interest reclassified to principal		$ 23,013				23,013
Extinguished debt						$ 141,818
Conversions, Exchanges and Other [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price | $ / shares		$ 0.17				$ 0.17
Conversions, Exchanges and Other [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price | $ / shares		$ 0.43				$ 0.43
New Convertible Note [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount		$ 148,014				$ 148,014
Debt maturity period						Maturity date in March 2020
Debt instrument interest rate		12.00%				12.00%
Loss on extinguishment of notes payable						$ 90,994
Debt conversion fair value percentage						10.00%
Other Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount		$ 7,500				$ 7,500
Other Notes [Member] | Lenders [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount		125,000				$ 125,000
Debt maturity period						Maturity date in January 2019 to a new maturity date in December 2019
Convertible Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount		148,014				$ 148,014
Original issuance debt discount		$ 7,052				$ 7,052
Common stock, shares issued | shares		10,000				10,000
Derivative liability		$ 3,186,760				$ 3,186,760

[1] As of June 30, 2019, outstanding related party notes, convertible notes and other notes in the aggregate principal amounts of $0, $168,000 and $7,500, respectively, were considered past due.

XML

Notes Payable - Schedule of Notes Payable Activity (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Outstanding beginning				$ 4,149,553
Issuances				6,475,152
Exchanges for equity				(1,195,571)
Repayments				(2,014,145)
Extinguishment of notes payable				(141,818)
Recognition of debt discount				(3,565,622)
Accretion of interest expense				235,122	$ 333,425
Accrued interest reclassified to notes payable principal				23,013
Amortization of debt discount		$ 991,261	$ 1,081,982	1,734,403	$ 1,343,628
Outstanding ending	[1]	5,700,087		5,700,087
Convertible Notes [Member]
Outstanding beginning				4,309,415
Issuances	[2]			6,000,152
Exchanges for equity				(1,550,471)
Repayments				(2,186,629)
Extinguishment of notes payable
Recognition of debt discount
Accretion of interest expense
Accrued interest reclassified to notes payable principal
Amortization of debt discount
Outstanding ending	[1],[3]	6,572,467		6,572,467
Other Notes [Member]
Outstanding beginning				132,501
Issuances
Exchanges for equity
Repayments
Extinguishment of notes payable	[2]			(148,014)
Recognition of debt discount
Accretion of interest expense
Accrued interest reclassified to notes payable principal				23,013
Amortization of debt discount
Outstanding ending	[1]	7,500		7,500
Debt Discount [Member]
Outstanding beginning				(1,012,363)
Issuances
Exchanges for equity				354,900
Repayments				187,484
Extinguishment of notes payable				6,196
Recognition of debt discount				(3,565,622)
Accretion of interest expense				235,122
Accrued interest reclassified to notes payable principal
Amortization of debt discount				1,734,403
Outstanding ending	[1]	(2,059,880)		(2,059,880)
Related Party Notes [Member]
Outstanding beginning				720,000
Issuances				475,000
Exchanges for equity
Repayments				(15,000)
Extinguishment of notes payable
Recognition of debt discount
Accretion of interest expense
Accrued interest reclassified to notes payable principal
Amortization of debt discount
Outstanding ending	[1]	$ 1,180,000		$ 1,180,000

[1] As of June 30, 2019, outstanding related party notes, convertible notes and other notes in the aggregate principal amounts of $0, $168,000 and $7,500, respectively, were considered past due.

[2] During the six months ended June 30, 2019, a convertible note in the principal amount of $148,014 was issued concurrently with the extinguishment of a certain note payable in the same aggregate principal amount. See below within Note 5 – Notes Payable – Conversions, Exchanges and Other for additional details.

[3] As of June 30, 2019, a portion of convertible notes with an aggregate principal balance of $3,808,241 were convertible into shares of common stock at the election of the holder any time until the balance has been paid in full. As of June 30, 2019, a portion of convertible notes with an aggregate principal balance of $2,764,226, which are not currently convertible, will become convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at the election of the respective holder subsequent to June 30, 2019.

XML

Notes Payable - Schedule of Notes Payable Activity (Details) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019
Debt conversion, converted instrument, amount	$ 52,904
Related Party Notes [Member]
Debt instrument, face amount		$ 0
Convertible Notes [Member]
Debt instrument, face amount		168,000
Other Notes [Member]
Debt instrument, face amount		7,500
Convertible Notes [Member]
Debt instrument, face amount		148,014
Convertible notes with a principal balance		3,808,241
Debt conversion, converted instrument, amount		$ 2,764,226

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative)	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) ft² shares	Jan. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) ft² shares	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) ft² shares	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Warrant term	2 years 3 months 19 days		2 years 3 months 19 days		2 years 3 months 19 days
Warrants to purchase common stock | shares	5,852,952		5,852,952		5,852,952
Rent expense			$ 24,000	$ 31,000	$ 54,000	$ 61,000
Accrued bonuses							$ 91,000
2019 Bonus [Member]
Accrued bonuses	$ 61,290		$ 61,290		$ 61,290
Business Advisory Services [Member] | Consulting Agreements [Member]
Consulting agreements expires date		Dec. 31, 2019
Consulting agreements, description		An agreement for business advisory services that had expired on December 31, 2018 was further extended and now provides for an expiration date of December 31, 2019
Warrant term		5 years
Warrants to purchase common stock | shares		100,000
Exercise price per share | $ / shares		$ 1.00
Fair value of aggregate of warrant		$ 56,000
Melville Lease [Member]
Area of land | ft²	6,800		6,800		6,800
Lease expire date					Mar. 31, 2020
Lease description	The Company exercised its option to extend the Melville Lease and entered into a lease amendment with the lessor whereby the five-year extension term will commence on January 1, 2020				The Melville Lease was scheduled to expire in March 2020 (subject to extension at the option of the Company for a period of five years)
Melville Lease [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Rent expense	$ 153,748				$ 132,600
Melville Lease [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Rent expense	$ 173,060				$ 149,260

XML

Stockholders' Deficiency (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Common stock, shares authorized		150,000,000				150,000,000		150,000,000
Number of shares issued for consulting services			$ 7,200		$ 38,000
Warrants to purchase common stock		5,852,952				5,852,952
Warrant term		2 years 3 months 19 days				2 years 3 months 19 days
Stock based compensation expenses						$ 1,258,482	$ 1,709,999
Warrants [Member]
Weighted average estimated fair value of warrants granted per share		$ 0.34		$ 1.23		$ 0.42	$ 1.22
Stock Option [Member]
Number of option to purchase shares	4,631,700
Exercise prices of stock options	$ 0.75
Incremental value of modified stock options	$ 452,637
Common Stock [Member]
Number of shares issued for consulting services, shares						75,000
Number of shares issued for consulting services						$ 30,000
Stock Warrants [Member]
Stock based compensation expenses		$ 0		$ 0		56,000	$ 48,192
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense
Common Stock and Warrant Offering [Member]
Warrants to purchase common stock		2,191,111				2,191,111
Aggregate gross proceeds of warrants						$ 1,156,000
Fair value adjustment of warrants						$ 899,689
Common Stock and Warrant Offering [Member] | Five-Year Immediately Vested [Member]
Warrants to purchase common stock		1,135,556				1,135,556
Warrant term		5 years				5 years
Common Stock and Warrant Offering [Member] | One-Year Immediately Vested [Member]
Warrants to purchase common stock		1,055,555				1,055,555
Warrant term		1 year				1 year
Exercise price per share		$ 0.70				$ 0.70
Maximum [Member] | Stock Option [Member]
Exercise prices of stock options	$ 4.70
Maximum [Member] | Common Stock and Warrant Offering [Member] | Five-Year Immediately Vested [Member]
Exercise price per share		1.00				1.00
Minimum [Member] | Stock Option [Member]
Exercise prices of stock options	$ 1.00
Minimum [Member] | Common Stock and Warrant Offering [Member] | Five-Year Immediately Vested [Member]
Exercise price per share		$ 0.85				$ 0.85
Board of Directors [Member]
Reverse split, description	Effect a reverse split of the Company's common stock at a ratio of not less than 1-for-2 and not more than 1-for-20, with the Board of Directors having the discretion as to whether or not the reverse stock split is to be effected, and with the exact ratio of any reverse stock split to be set at a whole number within the above range as determined by the Board of Directors in its discretion.
Board of Directors [Member] | 2010 Equity Participation Plan [Member]
Common stock, shares authorized	20,000,000		20,000,000
Board of Directors [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Common stock, shares authorized	150,000,000		150,000,000

XML

Stockholders' Deficiency - Schedule of Share Based Payment Award Stock Option Granted Assumptions (Details) - Warrant [Member]	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Risk free interest rate		2.83%
Contractual term (years)		5 years
Expected volatility		136.00%
Expected dividends	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum [Member]
Risk free interest rate	1.84%		1.84%	1.92%
Contractual term (years)	1 year		1 year	1 year 11 months 23 days
Expected volatility	136.00%		136.00%	128.00%
Maximum [Member]
Risk free interest rate	2.37%		2.62%	2.83%
Contractual term (years)	5 years		5 years	5 years
Expected volatility	139.00%		150.00%	136.00%

XML

Stockholders' Deficiency - Schedule of Warrant Activity (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of Warrants Exercisable, Balance	3,283,205
Warrant [Member]
Number of Warrants Outstanding, Beginning Balance	3,483,403
Number of Warrants Outstanding, Issued	2,456,111
Number of Warrants Outstanding, Expired	(86,562)
Number of Warrants Outstanding, Ending Balance	5,852,952
Number of Warrants Exercisable, Balance	5,852,952
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Beginning Balance | $ / shares	$ 3.63
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Issued | $ / shares	0.78
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Expired | $ / shares	5.15
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Ending Balance | $ / shares	2.41
Weighted Average Exercise Price Exercisable, Balance | $ / shares	$ 2.41
Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years Outstanding	2 years 3 months 19 days
Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years Exercisable	2 years 3 months 19 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding | $
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable | $

XML

Stockholders' Deficiency - Schedule of Stock Warrants (Details)	Jun. 30, 2019 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Number of Warrants	5,852,952
Warrants Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	2 years 3 months 19 days
Warrants Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Warrants	5,852,952
Exercise Price One [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Number of Warrants	2,456,111
Warrants Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	3 years
Warrants Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Warrants	2,456,111
Exercise Price One [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 0.56
Exercise Price One [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 0.99
Exercise Price Two [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Number of Warrants	844,444
Warrants Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	6 months
Warrants Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Warrants	844,444
Exercise Price Two [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 1.00
Exercise Price Two [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 1.99
Exercise Price Three [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Number of Warrants	75,000
Warrants Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	4 years 3 months 19 days
Warrants Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Warrants	75,000
Exercise Price Three [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 2.00
Exercise Price Three [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 2.99
Exercise Price Four [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Number of Warrants	70,000
Warrants Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	4 years
Warrants Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Warrants	70,000
Exercise Price Four [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 3.00
Exercise Price Four [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 3.99
Exercise Price Five [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Number of Warrants	2,102,135
Warrants Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	2 years
Warrants Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Warrants	2,102,135
Exercise Price Five [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 4.00
Exercise Price Five [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 4.99
Exercise Price Six [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Number of Warrants	195,989
Warrants Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	2 years
Warrants Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Warrants	195,989
Exercise Price Six [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 5.00
Exercise Price Six [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 5.99
Exercise Price Seven [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Number of Warrants	40,000
Warrants Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	1 year 1 month 6 days
Warrants Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Warrants	40,000
Exercise Price Seven [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 6.00
Exercise Price Seven [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 7.99
Exercise Price Eight [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Number of Warrants	2,500
Warrants Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	4 months 24 days
Warrants Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Warrants	2,500
Exercise Price Eight [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 8.00
Exercise Price Eight [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 9.99
Exercise Price Nine [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Number of Warrants	66,773
Warrants Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	7 months 6 days
Warrants Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Warrants	66,773
Exercise Price Nine [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 10.00
Exercise Price Nine [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 15.00

XML

Stockholders' Deficiency - Schedule of Stock Option by Exercise Price (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019 $ / shares shares
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options Outstanding, Outstanding Number of Options	4,739,535
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	6 years 9 months 18 days
Options Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Options	3,283,205
Exercise Price One [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options Outstanding, Exercise Price, Lower | $ / shares	$ 0.75
Options Outstanding, Exercise Price, Upper | $ / shares	$ 0.99
Options Outstanding, Outstanding Number of Options	4,623,367
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	6 years 10 months 25 days
Options Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Options	3,167,037
Exercise Price Two [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options Outstanding, Exercise Price, Lower | $ / shares	$ 1.00
Options Outstanding, Exercise Price, Upper | $ / shares	$ 5.99
Options Outstanding, Outstanding Number of Options	43,668
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	9 months 18 days
Options Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Options	43,668
Exercise Price Three [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options Outstanding, Exercise Price, Lower | $ / shares	$ 6.00
Options Outstanding, Exercise Price, Upper | $ / shares	$ 19.99
Options Outstanding, Outstanding Number of Options	37,500
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	4 years 6 months
Options Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Options	37,500
Exercise Price Four [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options Outstanding, Exercise Price, Lower | $ / shares	$ 20.00
Options Outstanding, Exercise Price, Upper | $ / shares	$ 30.00
Options Outstanding, Outstanding Number of Options	35,000
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Life In Years	2 years 8 months 12 days
Options Exercisable, Exercisable Number of Options	35,000

XML

Stockholders' Deficiency - Schedule of Stock Option Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Options [Member]
Unrecognized expense	$ 1,213,861		$ 1,213,861
Option [Member]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 442,804	$ 827,187	1,172,482	$ 1,661,807
Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period	1 year 6 months
Consulting Expenses [Member] | Options [Member]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 175,567	241,590	471,649	505,817
Unrecognized expense	$ 181,413		181,413
Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period	1 year 3 months 19 days
Research and Development Expense [Member] | Options [Member]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 96,138	68,593	245,932	144,438
Unrecognized expense	$ 398,589		398,589
Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period	1 year 9 months 18 days
General and Administrative Expense [Member] | Options [Member]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 171,099	$ 517,004	454,901	$ 1,011,552
Unrecognized expense	$ 633,859		$ 633,859
Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period	1 year 4 months 24 days

XML

Derivative Liabilities (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities in connection with convertible note repayments, conversions and exchanges		$ 1,922,802
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity		2,637,996
Gain on derivative liabilities		203,313
Warrants [Member]
Gain on derivative liabilities	$ 185,716	236,289
Fair value of derivative liabilities	257,333	257,333
Warrant [Member]
Derivative liabilities	1,022,189	1,022,189
Convertible Notes [Member]
Derivative liabilities	3,186,760	3,186,760
ECO [Member]
Derivative liabilities	688,738	688,738
Gain on derivative liabilities	$ 342,765	$ 439,602

XML

Derivative Liabilities - Summary of Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Derivative Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative liabilities, beginning balance	$ 1,094,607
Issuance of derivative liabilities	4,208,949
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities in connection with convertible note repayments and exchanges	(1,922,802)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	203,313
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity	(2,637,996)
Derivative liabilities, ending balance	$ 946,071

XML

Derivative Liabilities - Summary of Derivative Liabilities Fair Value Assumption (Details) - Valuation Technique, Option Pricing Model [Member]	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Risk Free Interest Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Derivatives, fair value measurement input, percentages	1.71%	2.24%	1.71%	1.22%
Risk Free Interest Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Derivatives, fair value measurement input, percentages	2.42%	2.73%	2.62%	2.56%
Expected Term [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Derivatives, fair value measurement input, term	7 days	3 months 4 days	7 days	3 months 4 days
Expected Term [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Derivatives, fair value measurement input, term	5 years	4 years 4 months 28 days	5 years	4 years 10 months 28 days
Expected Volatility [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Derivatives, fair value measurement input, percentages	98.00%	100.00%	98.00%	100.00%
Expected Volatility [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Derivatives, fair value measurement input, percentages	139.00%	164.00%	156.00%	164.00%
Expected Dividend Rate [Member]
Derivatives, fair value measurement input, percentages	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

XML

Subsequent Events (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Aug. 14, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Preferred stock, par value		$ 0.01		$ 0.01
Warrants to purchase common stock		5,852,952
Common stock, par value		$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Warrant term		2 years 3 months 19 days
Repayments of convertible notes payable		$ 2,201,629	$ 149,425
Lenders [Member]
Debt maturity date, description		Maturity date in June 2019 to a new maturity date in December 2019
Debt instrument amount		$ 100,000
Subsequent Event [Member]
Aggregate principal amount of convertible notes payable	$ 2,764,226
Accrued interest	54,720
Repayments of convertible notes payable	926,250
Aggregate principal on prepayment premiums	$ 335,076
Subsequent Event [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Warrants to purchase common stock	1,377,842
Indebtedness percentage	75.00%
Warrant description	The exercise price of the warrants to be issued to the director and the Trust will be 125% of the Director/Trust Exchange Price and the term of the warrants will be the same term as the Public Warrants. Concurrently with the exchange, the exercise prices of outstanding warrants held by the director and the Trust for the purchase of an aggregate of 1,377,842 shares of common stock of the Company will be reduced from between $1.50 and $4.00 per share to $0.75 per share and the expiration dates of such warrants will be extended from between December 2019 and March 2022 to December 2023.
Subsequent Event [Member] | Director [Member]
Debt instrument amount	$ 175,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Trust [Member]
Debt instrument amount	500,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Lenders [Member]
Aggregate principal amount of convertible notes payable	225,102
Accrued interest	$ 34,107
Convertible note converted into number of shares	1,616,669
Subsequent Event [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Lenders [Member]
Conversion price	$ 0.19
Subsequent Event [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Lenders [Member]
Conversion price	$ 0.12
Subsequent Event [Member] | Noteholder [Member]
Debt description	The exchange price for the indebtedness will be equal to the lesser of (i) 75% of the public offering price of the common stock, or units of common stock and warrants, as the case may be, offered pursuant to the Public Offering or (ii) $0.60 per share (subject to adjustment for reverse stock splits and the like) (the "Other Indebtedness Exchange Price"). The number of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the warrants to be issued to such holders will be equal to the number of shares of common stock issuable to them upon conversion of the principal amount of their respective notes. The exchange price of the warrants to be issued to such holders will be the lesser of (i) 125% of the Other Indebtedness Exchange Price or (ii) $0.80 per share (subject to adjustment for reverse stock splits and the like).
Debt maturity date, description	Extended to dates ranging between July 2019 to July 2020
Debt instrument amount	$ 1,053,102
Shares issued price per share	$ 0.60
Value of shares exchanged for common stock and warrants	$ 1,025,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Promissory Notes [Member]
Aggregate principal amount of convertible notes payable	1,042,688
Proceeds from convertible promissory note	$ 971,500
Conversion description	The notes are convertible as follows: (i) $810,000 of aggregate convertible notes and the respective accrued interest are convertible into shares of the Company's common stock at the election of the holder after the 180th day following the issue date at a conversion price generally equal to 58% of the fair value of the Company's common stock, (ii) $277,938 of aggregate convertible notes are convertible at either a fixed price of $0.25 or $1.00 per share, depending on the note, for the first six months following the respective issue date, and thereafter at a conversion price generally equal to 58% of the fair value of the Company's stock, subject to adjustment, until the respective note has been paid in full, and (iii) $65,000 of aggregate convertible notes are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.50 per share, subject to adjustment, and five-year warrants to purchase common stock of the Company in the same ratio. The warrants provide for an exercise price of $0.75 per share, subject to adjustment. Convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $65,000 are mandatorily convertible into common stock of the Company and warrants to purchase common stock of the Company in the same ratio upon the completion of an underwritten public offering by the Company of its securities whereby the conversion price shall be equal to the lower of the respective original conversion price, or 75% of the offering price for the shares of common stock of the Company, or units of shares of common stock of the Company and warrants, sold pursuant to the Public Offering. In connection with the issuance of certain convertible promissory notes, the Company issued to the respective lenders warrants for the purchase of an aggregate of 130,000 shares of the Company's common stock.
Debt interest percentage	12.00%
Debt discount amortized amount	$ 71,188
Debt maturity date, description	Original maturity dates ranging from December 2019 to August 2020
Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Promissory Notes [Member] | Lenders [Member]
Warrants to purchase common stock	130,000
Aggregate principal amount of convertible notes payable	$ 167,688
Conversion price	$ 0.25
Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Promissory Notes [Member] | Lenders [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Percentage on prepayment premium	35.00%
Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Promissory Notes [Member] | After 180th Day Following The Issue Date [Member]
Aggregate principal amount of convertible notes payable	$ 810,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Promissory Notes [Member] | First Six Months Following The Issue Date [Member]
Conversion price	$ 1.00
Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Promissory Notes [Member] | Adjustment [Member]
Aggregate principal amount of convertible notes payable	$ 65,000
Conversion price	$ 0.50
Warrant term	5 years
Indebtedness percentage	75.00%
Subsequent Event [Member] | Arena Purchase Agreement [Member]
Gross proceeds from public offering	$ 7,500,000
Conversion description	The shares of Series A preferred stock will be convertible, at the option of Arena, into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price generally equal to 75% of the public offering price for the common stock, or units of common stock and warrants, as the case may be, offered pursuant to the Public Offering, except that, with respect to any shares of Series A preferred stock that are outstanding as of the 18 month anniversary of the closing date of the Arena Purchase Agreement (or earlier under certain circumstances), the conversion price will be, if lower, 85% of the market price of the shares of common stock of the Company as of such anniversary date (or such earlier date) (but in no event less than $0.10 per share, subject to adjustment for reverse stock splits and the like). The shares of Series A preferred stock will carry a 12% cumulative dividend and will be redeemable at the Company's option, subject to certain conditions, provided that the Company pays a redemption premium of 25%.
Number of shares stated value of shares	$ 5,500,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Arena Purchase Agreement [Member] | Arena Warrant [Member]
Warrants to purchase common stock	6,000,000
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001
Warrant term	3 years
Debt instrument conversion rate	125.00%
Subsequent Event [Member] | Arena Purchase Agreement [Member] | Arena Note [Member]
Aggregate principal amount of convertible notes payable	$ 500,000
Proceeds from convertible promissory note	$ 5,400,000
Debt interest percentage	12.00%
Percentage on prepayment premium	30.00%
Debt description	The Company equals or exceeds, for a period of five consecutive trading days, 150% of the public offering price for the securities offered pursuant to the Public Offering. If the Company fails to file the registration statement with the SEC within 50 days following the Public Offering or have it declared effective by the SEC within 135 days following the Public Offering, or if the Company fails to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement until all of such shares of common stock have been sold or are otherwise able to be sold pursuant to Rue 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, without any volume or manner of sale restrictions, then the Company will be obligated to pay to Arena liquidated damages equal to 1% per month of the aggregate amount paid by Arena for its securities (subject to an 8% cap), until such events are satisfied.
Subsequent Event [Member] | Arena Purchase Agreement [Member] | Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Number of shares issued	5,500,000
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01