Related party transactions	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Related party transactions
Related party transactions	15. Related party transactions As described in Notes 11 and 7, bioMérieux is a customer through its Joint Development and License Agreement and also a holder of the Company’s common stock. bioMérieux formerly also had a designee on the Company’s Board of Directors. They Company recognized revenue related to the JDLA with bioMérieux of $2.1 million, $1.1 million, and $0.2 million, in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 respectively, from bioMérieux. They also had no deferred revenue as of December 31, 2018 and had deferred revenue of $2.1 million at December 31, 2017. As described in Note 8, bioMérieux purchased shares of our Series C Preferred Stock totaling $7.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2015. As described in Note 7, in March 2016, the Company issued an aggregate of 12,420,262 shares of Series D Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $45.6 million. Of the amount issued, $22.9 million was purchased by the Company’s existing principal stockholders, officers and directors. As described in Note 7, in June 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,113,902 share of Series D‑1 Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $8.5 million. Of the amount issued, $1.0 million was purchased by a director of the Company. As described in Note 9, in June 2007, the Company entered into a license agreement (the License Agreement) for certain intellectual property with Tufts University (Tufts). Tufts is a related party to the Company due to Tuft’s equity ownership in the Company and because a board member of the Company’s Board of Directors was affiliated with Tufts. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 the Company recorded royalty expense of $0.7 million, $0.5 million, and $0.3 million, respectively, in cost of product revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized $0.4 million as cost of license revenue associated with a payment made to Tufts. During the year ended December 31, 2017 Harvard University became a related party. Revenue recorded from sales to Harvard University were less than $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. On November 28th, the Company entered into a sponsor agreement with PPH, a 501(c)6 not-for-profit entity of which an executive of the Company is a board member, through December 31, 2018. The agreement commits a maximum of $120,000 in funds and services to be provided to PPH for the term of the agreement. The agreement is terminable by either party and does not bind the Company to beyond the term of the agreement. As of the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company had a total contributed amount less than $0.1 million.

15. Related party transactions

As described in Notes 11 and 7, bioMérieux is a customer through its Joint Development and License Agreement and also a holder of the Company’s common stock. bioMérieux formerly also had a designee on the Company’s Board of Directors. They Company recognized revenue related to the JDLA with bioMérieux of $2.1 million, $1.1 million, and $0.2 million, in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 respectively, from bioMérieux. They also had no deferred revenue as of December 31, 2018 and had deferred revenue of $2.1 million at December 31, 2017. As described in Note 8, bioMérieux purchased shares of our Series C Preferred Stock totaling $7.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2015.

As described in Note 7, in March 2016, the Company issued an aggregate of 12,420,262 shares of Series D Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $45.6 million. Of the amount issued, $22.9 million was purchased by the Company’s existing principal stockholders, officers and directors.

As described in Note 7, in June 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,113,902 share of Series D‑1 Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $8.5 million. Of the amount issued, $1.0 million was purchased by a director of the Company.

As described in Note 9, in June 2007, the Company entered into a license agreement (the License Agreement) for certain intellectual property with Tufts University (Tufts). Tufts is a related party to the Company due to Tuft’s equity ownership in the Company and because a board member of the Company’s Board of Directors was affiliated with Tufts. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 the Company recorded royalty expense of $0.7 million, $0.5 million, and $0.3 million, respectively, in cost of product revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized $0.4 million as cost of license revenue associated with a payment made to Tufts.

During the year ended December 31, 2017 Harvard University became a related party. Revenue recorded from sales to Harvard University were less than $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

On November 28th, the Company entered into a sponsor agreement with PPH, a 501(c)6 not-for-profit entity of which an executive of the Company is a board member, through December 31, 2018. The agreement commits a maximum of $120,000 in funds and services to be provided to PPH for the term of the agreement. The agreement is terminable by either party and does not bind the Company to beyond the term of the agreement. As of the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company had a total contributed amount less than $0.1 million.