10-Q

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____ to ___

Commission file number: 001-34887

MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	86-3289406
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1405 Pioneer Street
Brea, California 92821

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (714) 613-1900

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001	MULN	The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (Nasdaq Capital Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ YES   ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ YES   ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐ YES ☒ NO

As of February 9, 2024, a total of 6,552,470 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, were issued and outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements:	3
	Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 (unaudited) and September 30, 2023	3
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	5
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Stockholders Equity (Deficit) for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	6
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	7
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	45
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	51
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	51
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	54
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	54
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	54
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	54
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	54
Item 5.	Other Information	54
Item 6.	Exhibits	55
SIGNATURES		56

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(in USD, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	81,512,264	$	155,267,098
Restricted cash		7,426,972		429,372
Accounts receivable		—		671,750
Inventory		30,719,529		16,807,013
Prepaid expenses and prepaid inventories		23,863,455		24,955,223
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS		143,522,220		198,130,456
Property, plant, and equipment, net		86,916,241		82,032,785
Intangible assets, net		103,569,927		104,235,249
Related party receivable		2,733,998		2,250,489
Right-of-use assets		13,400,598		5,249,417
Goodwill, net		28,846,832		28,846,832
Other non-current assets		2,186,704		960,502
TOTAL ASSETS	$	381,176,520	$	421,705,730
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	15,458,604	$	13,175,504
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		38,166,937		41,201,929
Dividends payable		423,163		401,859
Derivative liabilities		20,714,620		64,863,309
Liability to issue shares		11,489,068		9,935,950
Lease liabilities, current portion		2,137,882		2,134,494
Notes payable, current portion		7,622,156		7,461,492
Refundable deposits		426,972		429,372
Other current liabilities		—		7,000
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES		96,439,402		139,610,909
Liability to issue shares, net of current portion		1,527,153		1,827,889
Lease liabilities, net of current portion		9,230,806		3,566,922
Deferred tax liability		2,165,062		3,891,900
TOTAL LIABILITIES	$	109,362,423	$	148,897,620
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 19)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock; $0.001 par value; 500,000,000 preferred shares authorized;
Preferred Series D; 437,500,001 shares authorized; 363,097 and 363,097 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively (preference in liquidation of $159,000 and $159,000 at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively)		363		363
Preferred Series C; 40,000,000 shares authorized; 1,211,757 and 1,211,757 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively (preference in liquidation of $10,696,895 and $10,696,895 at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively)		1,212		1,212
Preferred Series A; 200,000 shares authorized; 648 and 648 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively (preference in liquidation of $836		1		1

3

and $836 at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively)
Common stock; $0.001 par value; 5,000,000,000 and 5,000,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively; 5,884,691 and 2,871,707 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 respectively (*)		5,885		2,872
Additional paid-in capital (*)		2,134,106,479		2,071,110,126
Accumulated deficit		(1,923,556,935)		(1,862,162,037)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY'S STOCKHOLDERS		210,557,005		208,952,537
Noncontrolling interest		61,257,092		63,855,573
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY		271,814,097		272,808,110
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	381,176,520	$	421,705,730
(*) Adjusted retroactively for reverse stock splits, see Note 1

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.

4

MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in USD, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	$	43,234,052	$	64,996,011
Research and development		16,169,967		8,622,009
Loss from operations		(59,404,019)		(73,618,020)
Other income (expense):
Other financing costs - initial recognition of derivative liabilities		—		(255,960,025)
Loss on derivative liability revaluation		(6,728,981)		(40,781,976)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net		—		(6,412,170)
Gain on sale of fixed assets		75,990		—
Gain on lease termination		50,000		—
Interest expense		(258,023)		(2,828,089)
Other income, net		545,416		645,881
Net loss before income tax benefit		(65,719,617)		(378,954,399)
Income tax benefit		1,726,238		493,654
Net loss	$	(63,993,379)	$	(378,460,745)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		(2,598,481)		(2,184,959)
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(61,394,898)	$	(376,275,786)
Accrued accumulated preferred dividends		(21,303)		(638,677)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders after preferred dividends	$	(61,416,201)	$	(376,914,463)
Net Loss per Share	$	(15.32)	$	(6,233.08)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		4,007,791		60,470

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.

5

MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in USD, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	Preferred Stock, total
	(see Note 9 for details)			Common Stock			Paid-in		Accumulated		Noncontrolling		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Interest		Equity
Balance, October 1, 2022	5,721,897		5,721	37,043		37		948,598,587		(889,907,455)		98,259,819		156,956,709
Share-based compensation issued to management, directors, employees, and consultants	—		—	5,062		5		30,267,655		—		—		30,267,660
Shares issued to extinguish penalty	—		—	1,022		1		5,519,999		—		—		5,520,000
Cashless warrant exercise	—		—	15,891		16		110,327,225		—		—		110,327,241
Surplus common stock issued on cashless warrant exercise	—		—	3,499		3		26,735,475		—		—		26,735,478
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock	(4,146,819)		(4,147)	184		—		4,147		—		—		0
Dividends accumulated on preferred stock	—		—	—		—		(638,677)		—		—		(638,677)
Other transactions	—		—	—		—		(3,122,227)		—		—		(3,122,227)
Shares issued to settle note payable	—		—	2,758		3		13,736,400		—		—		13,736,403
Shares issued for convertible notes	—		—	9,815		10		59,402,866		—		—		59,402,876
Preferred shares issued to officers	1		—	—		—		25,000		—		—		25,000
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		—	—		—		—		—		(2,184,959)		(2,184,959)
Net loss attributable to stockholders	—		—	—		—		—		(376,275,786)		—		(376,275,786)
Balance, December 31, 2022	1,575,079		1,575	75,274		75		1,190,856,449		(1,266,183,241)		96,074,860		20,749,719
Balance, October 1, 2023	1,575,502		1,576	2,871,707		2,872		2,071,110,126		(1,862,162,037)		63,855,573		272,808,110
Cashless warrant exercise	—		—	2,020,152		2,020		50,875,649		—		—		50,877,669
Share-based compensation	—		—	671,798		672		12,142,328		—		—		12,143,000
Dividends accumulated on preferred stock	—		—	—		—		(21,303)		—		—		(21,303)
Shares issued to avoid fractional shares on reverse stock split	—		—	321,034		321		(321)		—		—		—
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		—	—		—		—		—		(2,598,481)		(2,598,481)
Net loss attributable to stockholders	—		—	—		—		—		(61,394,898)		—		(61,394,898)
Balance, December 31, 2023	1,575,502		1,576	5,884,691		5,885		2,134,106,479		(1,923,556,935)		61,257,092		271,814,097

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.

6

MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in USD, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss	$	(63,993,379)	$	(378,460,745)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		13,903,416		40,753,410
Revaluation of derivative liabilities		6,728,981		40,781,976
Depreciation and amortization		4,343,960		4,794,327
Amortization of debt discount		160,664		74,577
Deferred income taxes		(1,726,238)		(493,654)
Other gains		(125,990)		—
Other financing costs - initial recognition of derivative liabilities		—		255,960,025
Gain on conversion of derivative liabilities to common stock		—		(9,965,728)
Non-cash financing loss on over-exercise of warrants		—		8,934,892
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—		6,412,171
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		671,750		—
Inventories		(13,912,516)		—
Prepaids and other assets		(1,781,132)		(8,457,324)
Accounts payable		1,317,232		7,724,852
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(3,044,392)		(1,576,292)
Right of use assets and lease liabilities		(2,433,909)		289,821
Net cash used in operating activities		(59,891,553)		(33,227,692)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of equipment		(6,865,681)		(726,482)
Purchase of intangible assets		—		(74,826)
ELMS assets purchase		—		(92,916,874)
Net cash used in investing activities		(6,865,681)		(93,718,182)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable		—		150,000,000
Net cash provided by financing activities		—		150,000,000
Change in cash		(66,757,234)		23,054,126
Cash and restricted cash (in amount of $429,372), beginning of period		155,696,470		84,375,085
Cash and restricted cash (in amount of $7,426,972), ending of period	$	88,939,236	$	107,429,211
Supplemental disclosure of Cash Flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	—	$	3,056
Supplemental Disclosure for Non-Cash Activities:
Exercise of warrants recognized earlier as liabilities	$	50,877,669	$	84,799,179
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange of operating lease liabilities	$	8,932,159	$	—
Convertible notes and interest - conversion to common stock	$	—	$	59,402,877
Debt conversion to common stock	$	—	$	1,096,787

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements.

7

MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 –DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Description of Business

Mullen Automotive Inc., a Delaware corporation (“MAI”, “Mullen”, “we” or the “Company”), is a Southern California-based development-stage electric vehicle company that operates in various verticals of businesses focused within the automotive industry.

Mullen Automotive Inc., a California corporation (“Previous Mullen”), was originally formed on April 20 2010, as a developer and manufacturer of electric vehicle technology and operated as the Electric Vehicle (“EV”) division of Mullen Technologies, Inc. (“MTI”) until November 5, 2021, at which time Previous Mullen underwent a capitalization and corporate reorganization by way of a spin-off to its shareholders, followed by a reverse merger with and into Net Element, Inc., which was accounted for as a reverse merger transaction, in which Previous Mullen was treated as the acquirer for financial accounting purposes. (the “Merger”).  The Company changed its name from “Net Element, Inc.” to “Mullen Automotive Inc” and the Nasdaq ticker symbol for the Company’s common stock changed from “NETE” to “MULN” on the Nasdaq Capital Market at the opening of trading on November 5, 2021.

Mullen is building and delivering the newest generation of commercial trucks. We also have a portfolio of high-performance passenger vehicles in various stages of product development for launch in subsequent years.

Acquisition of controlling interest in Bollinger Motors, Inc. in September 2022 positioned Mullen into the medium duty truck classes 4-6, along with the Sport Utility and Pick Up Trucks EV segments. First Bollinger class 4 trucks are expected to be sold in late 2024.

In October 2022, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court approved acquisition of ELMS’ (Electric Last Mile Solutions) assets in an all-cash purchase. With this transaction, Mullen acquired ELMS’ manufacturing plant in Mishawaka, Indiana and all the intellectual property needed to engineer and build Class 1 and Class 3 electric vehicles. First vehicles produced in our Tunica, Mississippi plant were delivered to customers during August, 2023.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries Mullen Investment Properties LLC, a Mississippi corporation, Ottava Automotive, Inc., a California corporation, Mullen Real Estate, LLC, a Delaware corporation, Mullen Advanced Energy Operations, LLC, a California corporation as well as a 60%-owned subsidiary Bollinger Motors Inc., a Delaware corporation. Intercompany accounts and transactions, if any, have been eliminated. Noncontrolling interest presented in these consolidated condensed financial statements relates to the portion of equity (net assets) in subsidiaries not attributable, directly or indirectly, to Mullen. Net income or loss are allocated to noncontrolling interests by multiplying the relative ownership interest of the noncontrolling interest holders for the period by the net income or loss of the entity to which the noncontrolling interest relates.

These unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements are prepared in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The consolidated condensed financial statements include all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments and transactions or events discretely impacting the interim periods, considered necessary by management to fairly state our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. The operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. These consolidated condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with

8

MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

the audited consolidated condensed financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023. Certain columns and rows may not add due to rounding.

Reverse Stock Splits

In January 2023, the Company’s stockholders, in an effort for the Company to regain compliance with NASDAQ listing rules, approved a proposal to authorize the Board of the Company (the “Board”) to implement a reverse stock split of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock at a ratio up to 1-for-25. Pursuant to such authority granted by the Company’s stockholders, the Board approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a rate of 1-for-25 shares of common stock, which resulted in a reduction in the number of outstanding shares of common stock and a proportionate increase in the value of each share. The common stock began trading on a reverse split-adjusted basis on the NASDAQ on May 4, 2023.

In August 2023, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize the Board to implement a second reverse stock split of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock at a ratio up to 1-for-100. Pursuant to such authority granted by the Company’s stockholders, the Board approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a rate of 1-for-9 shares of common stock, which resulted in a reduction in the number of outstanding shares of common stock and a proportionate increase in the value of each share. The common stock began trading on a reverse split-adjusted basis on the NASDAQ on August 11, 2023.

In December 2023, the stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio within the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-100, as determined by the Board of the Company. The Board approved a 1-for-100 reverse stock split effective on December 21, 2023. As a result of the reverse stock split, every 100 shares of the Company’s pre-reverse stock split common stock combined and automatically became 1 share of common stock.

As a result of the reverse stock splits, the number of shares of common stock that can be issued upon exercise of warrants, preferred stock, and other convertible securities, as well as any commitments to issue securities, that provide for adjustments in the event of a reverse stock split, was appropriately adjusted pursuant to their applicable terms for the reverse stock splits. If applicable, the conversion price for each outstanding share of preferred stock and the exercise price for each outstanding warrant was increased, pursuant to their terms, in inverse proportion to the split ratio such that upon conversion or exercise, the aggregate conversion price for conversion of preferred stock and the aggregate exercise price payable by the warrant holder to the Company for shares of common stock subject to such warrant will remain approximately the same as the aggregate conversion or exercise price, as applicable, prior to the reverse stock splits.

The reverse stock splits have not changed the authorized number of shares or the par value of the common stock nor modified any voting rights of the common stock.

No proportionate adjustment was made to the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”) pursuant to an amendment to the 2022 Plan approved by stockholders in August 2023, increasing the maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock and stock equivalents available for the grant of awards under the 2022 Plan by an additional 52,000,000 shares, which amount is not subject to any decrease or increase in the number shares of common stock resulting from a stock spilt, reverse stock split, recapitalization, combination, reclassification, the payment of a stock dividend on the common stock or any other decrease in the number of such shares of common stock effected without receipt of consideration by the Company.

No fractional shares were issued in connection with the reverse stock splits. All shares of common stock that were held by a stockholder were aggregated subsequent to the reverse stock split and each fractional share resulting from such aggregation held by a stockholder was rounded up to the next whole share. As a result, an additional 321,036 shares were

9

MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

issued for the benefit of stockholders that would otherwise obtain fractional shares upon reverse stock split in December 2023.

The number and par value of Series A Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock were not affected by the reverse stock splits, but their conversion ratios have been proportionally adjusted. There were no outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock as of the effective date of the reverse stock splits.

The Company retroactively adjusted its historical financial statements to reflect the reverse stock splits (See Note 10 for reverse stock splits effect on loss per share). All issued and outstanding common stock and per share amounts contained in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock splits for all periods presented. The common stock and additional paid-in-capital line items of the financial statements were adjusted to account for the reverse stock splits for all periods presented (with $833,431 value of common stock decreased and additional paid-in-capital increased on September 30, 2022).

NOTE 2 – LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES, AND GOING CONCERN

These consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared on the basis that assumes the Company will continue as a going concern which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business.

The Company's principal source of liquidity consists of existing cash and restricted cash of approximately $88.9 million as of December 31, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company used approximately $59.9 million of cash for operating activities. The net working capital on December 31, 2023 amounted to approximately $47.1 million, or approximately $79.3 million after excluding derivative liabilities and liabilities to issue stock that are supposed to be settled by issuing common stock without using cash. For the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company has incurred a net loss of $64 million and, as of December 31, 2023, our accumulated deficit was $1,923.6 million.

These factors raise substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company is evaluating strategies to obtain the required additional funding for future operations. These strategies may include, but are not limited to, obtaining equity financing, issuing debt, or entering other financing arrangements, and restructuring of operations to grow revenues and decrease expenses. However, given the impact of the economic downturn on the U.S. and global financial markets, the Company may be unable to access further equity or debt financing when needed. As such, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional liquidity when needed or under acceptable terms, if at all. Therefore, there can be no assurance that our plans will be successful in alleviating the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. These financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainties.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a material impact on our operating results. The Company has not observed any impairments of its assets or a significant change in the fair value of its assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At this time, it is not possible for the Company to predict the duration or magnitude of the adverse results of the outbreak and its effects on the Company’s business or results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity.

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Significant accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions.

10

MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of total expenses in the reporting periods. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, cash flow projections and discount rate for calculation of goodwill impairment, fair value and impairment of long-lived assets, including intangible assets, inventory reserves, accrued expenses, fair value of financial instruments, depreciable lives of property and equipment, income taxes, contingencies, valuation of preferred stock and warrants. Additionally, the rates of interest on several debt agreements have been imputed where there was no stated interest rate within the original agreement. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

Risks and Uncertainties

We operate within an industry that is subject to rapid technological change, intense competition, and significant government regulation. It is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including competitive, financial, developmental, operational, technological, required knowledge of industry governmental regulations, and other risks associated with an emerging business. Any one or combination of these or other risks could have a substantial influence on our future operations and prospects for commercial success.

Business Combination

Business acquisitions are accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 “Business Combinations”. FASB ASC 805 requires the reporting entity to identify the acquirer, determine the acquisition date, recognize and measure the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity, and recognize and measure goodwill or a gain from the purchase. The acquiree’s results are included in the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements from the date of acquisition. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their fair values and the excess of the purchase price over the amounts assigned is recorded as goodwill. Adjustments to fair value assessments are recorded to goodwill over the measurement period (not longer than twelve months). The acquisition method also requires that acquisition-related transaction and post-acquisition restructuring costs be charged to expense.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and so near their maturity (generally, with original maturities of three months or less) that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.

Restricted Cash

The main part of restricted cash in amount of $7 million relates to escrow account that shall become the property of the party determined in the arbitration with GEM Group (see Note 19 – Contingencies and Claims). The amount and interests earned shall be released only upon further order of the arbitrator, a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction, or by agreement of the parties.

Cash obtained from customer deposits is held by the Company and is restricted from use to fund operations. Refundable deposits were $429 thousand as at December 31, 2023.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses consist of various advance payments made for goods or services to be received in the future. These prepaid expenses include insurance and other contracted services requiring up-front payments.

Inventory

Cost of inventories is determined using the standard cost method, which approximates actual cost on a first-in first-out basis. This method includes direct materials, direct labor, and a proportionate share of manufacturing overhead costs based on normal capacity. Regular reviews are performed to identify and account for variances between the standard costs and actual costs. Any variances identified are recognized in the cost of goods sold during the period in which they occur.

On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews its inventory for excess quantities and obsolescence. This analysis takes into account factors such as demand forecasts, product life cycles, product development plans, and current market conditions. Provisions are made to reduce the carrying value of the inventories to their net realizable value.

Once inventory is written down, a new, lower-cost basis is established, and the inventory is not subsequently written up if market conditions improve. All such inventory write-downs are included as a component of cost of goods sold in the period in which the write-down occurs. Adjustments to these estimates and assumptions could impact our financial position and results of operations.

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated economic useful lives of the assets. Repairs and maintenance expenditures that do not extend the useful lives of related assets are expensed as incurred.

Estimated Useful Lives

Description	Estimated useful lives
Buildings	20 to 30 years
Furniture and equipment	3 to 7 years
Computer and software	1 to 5 years
Machinery, shop and testing equipment	3 to 7 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of the estimated useful life or the underlying lease term
Vehicles	5 years
Intangibles	5 to 10 years

Expenditures for major improvements are capitalized, while minor replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the asset lives, are charged to operations as incurred. Upon sale or disposition, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in operations. Company management continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying balances of its property, plant, and equipment may not be recoverable in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” When such events or changes in circumstances are present, we assess the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Income Taxes

Income taxes are recorded in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which provides for deferred taxes using an asset and liability approach. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated condensed financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the consolidated condensed financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided, if based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return are accounted for using the “more likely than not” threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement. There are transactions that occur during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination may be uncertain. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no material changes to either the nature or the amounts of the uncertain tax positions.

The Company’s income tax provision consists of an estimate for U.S. federal and state income taxes based on enacted rates, as adjusted for allowable credits, deductions, uncertain tax positions, changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in the tax law.

Intangible Assets, net

Intangible assets consist of acquired and developed intellectual property. In accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Others,” goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives (including in-process research and development assets acquired in a business combination) are not subject to amortization but are tested for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

Intangible assets with determinate lives are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Amortizable intangible assets generally are amortized on a straight-line basis over periods up to 120 months. The costs to periodically renew our intangible assets are expensed as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company periodically evaluates long-lived assets (both intangible assets and property, plant, and equipment) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a potential impairment may have occurred. If such events or changes in circumstances arise, the Company compares the carrying amount of the long-lived assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the long-lived assets. If the estimated aggregate undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the long-lived assets, an impairment charge, calculated as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets, is recorded. The fair value of the long-lived assets is determined based on the estimated discounted cash flows expected to be generated from the long-lived asset unless another method provides a more reliable estimate. If an impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount of a long-lived asset is recognized as a new cost basis of the impaired asset. Impairment loss is not reversed even if fair value exceeds carrying amount in subsequent periods.

Extinguishment of Liabilities

The Company derecognizes financial liabilities when the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled, or expired.

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Leases

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 842, “Leases”, which requires a lessee to recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset for the lease term.

Contingencies and Commitments

The Company follows ASC 440 and ASC 450 to account for contingencies and commitments, respectively. Certain conditions, as a result of past events, may exist as of the balance sheet date, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated, then the estimated liability is accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be reasonably estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Legal costs associated with such loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed.

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses are expenses that have been incurred but not yet paid and are classified within current liabilities on the consolidated condensed balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue includes revenue from the sale of electric vehicles and is accounted for in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The Company applies a five-step analysis to: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Payments for electric vehicles sales are generally received at or shortly after delivery. Sales tax is excluded from the measurement of the transaction price. The revenue from the sale of electric vehicles is recognized when control of the vehicle is transferred to the customer. In general, the control is transferred at the point of delivery to the customer, signifying the fulfillment of our primary performance obligation under ASC 606. Certain contracts with our dealers contain a return provision, stating that they may return unsold vehicles after 1 year. Since the Company does not have sufficient relevant statistics of returns yet, we defer revenue recognition until the vehicles have been sold by such dealer or until there is sufficient evidence to justify a reasonable estimate for the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. For any amounts received (or receivable) for which the Company does not recognize revenue when it transfers products to customers, a refund liability is recognized. Relevant vehicles transferred to the dealer are presented as “Finished goods delivered to dealer for distribution” in the consolidated condensed balance sheets at initial cost, less any expected costs to recover those products (including potential decreases in the value to the entity of returned products). At the end of each reporting period, the Company updates the measurement of these assets and refund liabilities.

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Cost of Goods Sold

The Company’s cost of goods sold includes mainly production costs of vehicles sold in the relevant period as well as a provision for expected warranty expenses.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include expenses such as salaries and employee benefits, professional fees, rent, repairs and maintenance, utilities and office expense, depreciation and amortization, advertising and marketing, settlements and penalties, taxes, and licenses. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses, other than trade show expenses which are deferred until occurrence of the future event, we expense advertising costs as incurred in accordance with ASC 720-35, “Other Expenses – Advertising Cost.” Advertising costs for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were approximately $6.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively.

Research and Development Costs

Per ASC 730, "Research and Development," the Company recognizes all research and developments costs in the statement of operations as they occur. These include expenses related to the design, development, testing, and improvement of our electric vehicles and corresponding technologies. Assets with alternative future uses are capitalized and depreciated over their useful lives, with the depreciation expense reported under research and development costs.

Share-Based Compensation

The share-based awards issued by the Company are accounted for in accordance with ASC Subtopic 718-10, “Compensation – Share Compensation,” which requires fair value measurement on the grant date and recognition of compensation expense for all shares of common stock of the Company issued to employees, non-employees and directors. Generally, the fair value of awards is estimated based on the market price of the shares of common stock of the Company the day immediately preceding the grant date. The fair value of non-marketable share-based awards (granted to employees before the Company became public) has been estimated based on an independent valuation. The Company recognizes forfeitures of award in the periods they occur.

The overwhelming part of share-based awards to employees per employment contracts, and a certain part of contracts with non-employees (consultants), are classified as equity with costs and additional paid-in capital recognized ratably over the service period. A significant part of the Company’s share-based awards to consultants is liability-classified: mainly if the number of shares a consultant is entitled to depends on a certain monetary value fixed in the contract. An accrued part of liability in this case is revaluated each period based on market price of the shares of common stock of the Company, until sufficient number of shares is issued.

The Company has also adopted incentive plans that entitle the Chief Executive Officer to share-based awards generally calculated as 1-3% of then outstanding number of shares of common stock, issuable upon achievement of specific financial and operational targets (milestones) that are supposed to significantly increase value of the Company. This share-based compensation is accrued over the service term when it is probable that the milestone will be achieved. The liability to issue stock (presented within non-current liabilities if the achievement is expected later than 12 month after the balance sheet date) is revalued on every balance sheet date based on the length of the service period, current market price of the common stock and on the number of shares of common stock outstanding – until the shares have been issued, or until fulfilling the milestone requirements becomes unlikely.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We apply fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded at fair value, Company management considers the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as risks inherent in valuation techniques, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair value is estimated by applying the hierarchy as per requirements of ASC 820, “Fair value measurements”.

Expected credit losses

The estimation of expected credit losses that may be incurred as we work through the invoice collection process with our customers and other counterparties requires us to make judgments and estimates regarding probability the amounts due to us are going to be paid. We monitor our customers' payment history and current credit worthiness to determine that collectability is reasonably assured. We also consider the overall business climate in which our customers and other counterparties operate. At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, no material allowance for credit losses needed to be recognized to cover anticipated credit losses under current conditions. However, uncertainties regarding changes in the financial condition of our customers, either adverse or positive, could impact the amount and timing of any additional credit losses that may be required.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company maintains cash balances in several financial institutions that are insured by either the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the National Credit Union Association up to certain federal limitations, generally $250,000. At times, our cash balance may exceed these federal limitations. However, we have not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes we are not exposed to any significant credit risk on these accounts. The amounts in excess of insured limits as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are $87.8 million and $154.9 million, respectively.

Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has implemented all applicable accounting pronouncements that are in effect. The following pronouncements have been recently adopted by the Company:

ASU 2022-04 - Supplier Finance Program (SFP). This ASU requires that a buyer in a SFP disclose qualitative and quantitative information about its program, including the nature of the SFP and key terms, outstanding amounts as of the end the reporting period, and presentation in its financial statements. This pronouncement has not had an impact on the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements.

ASU 2016-13 - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (CECL). This guidance, commonly referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”), changes impairment recognition to a model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses.  The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including trade receivables.  The Company evaluated and determined the amendment did not have a material effect on the consolidated condensed financial statements.

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The following are accounting pronouncements that have been issued but are not yet effective for the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements:

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The amendments in ASU No. 2020-06 simplify the complexity associated with applying GAAP for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. More specifically, the amendments focus on the guidance for convertible instruments and derivative scope exceptions for contracts in an entity’s own equity. For smaller reporting companies ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect its application to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements. 

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07—Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. It requires all annual disclosures currently required by ASC 280 to be included in interim periods and requires disclosure of significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), a description of other segment items by reportable segment, and applicable additional measures of segment profit or loss used by the CODM when allocating resources and assessing business performance. All public entities will be required to report segment information in accordance with the new guidance starting in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company expects to enhance segment reporting disclosures based on new requirements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." ASU No. 2023-09, which enhances the transparency, effectiveness and comparability of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information related to income tax rate reconciliations and the jurisdictions in which income taxes are paid. The guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect its application to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements.

Other accounting pronouncements issued but not yet effective are not believed by management to be relevant or to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future consolidated condensed financial statements.

NOTE 4 – ACQUISITION OF SUBSIDIARIES AND CERTAIN ASSETS

Acquisition of ELMS assets

On October 13, 2022, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware issued an order approving the sale for approximately $105 million to Mullen of certain assets and assumption and assignment of contracts and related liabilities of Electric Last Mile, Inc. and Electric Last Mile Solutions, Inc. (collectively, “ELMS”) pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Asset Purchase Agreement dated September 16, 2022.

The ELMS asset acquisition closed on November 30, 2022, and is expected to accelerate the market introduction of our cargo van program and provide us with critical manufacturing capacity at a much lower investment than previously expected to supply the rest of our product portfolio.

ELMS assets include:

● The factory in Mishawaka, Indiana, providing Mullen with the capability to produce up to 50,000 vehicles per year;

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

● All Intellectual Property, including all manufacturing data that is required for the assembly of the Class 1 van and Class 3 Cab Chassis;

● All inventory including finished and unfinished vehicles, part modules, component parts, raw materials, and tooling; and

● All property including equipment, machinery, supplies, computer hardware, software, communication equipment, data networks and all other data storage.

The following table details the allocation of purchase price by asset category for the ELMS asset purchase:

	Fair Value
Asset Category	Allocation
Land	$	1,440,000
Buildings and site improvements		41,287,038
Equipment		27,336,511
Intangible assets: engineering design		22,112,791
Inventory		13,198,692
Total Purchased Assets	$	105,375,032

On November 9, 2022, the Company formed Mullen Indiana Real Estate LLC, a limited liability company in the State of Delaware, to hold the acquired real property located in Mishawaka, Indiana.

NOTE 5 – INVENTORY

The Company's inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and consist of the following:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Inventory
Work in process	$	4,010,456	$	3,136,590
Raw materials		18,524,512		13,733,385
Finished goods		226,009		—
Finished goods delivered to dealer for distribution		7,958,552		937,322
Less: write-down to net realizable value		—		(1,000,284)
Total Inventory	$	30,719,529	$	16,807,013

The cost of inventories is determined using a standard cost method, which approximates the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. This includes direct materials, direct labor, and relevant manufacturing overhead costs. Variances between standard and actual costs are recognized in the cost of goods sold during the period in which they occur.

The Company regularly reviews its inventories for excess and obsolete items by assessing their net realizable value (NRV). The NRV is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, approximately $65 thousand of the Company's inventories was consumed for R&D activities, which was recognized as part of research and development expense in the consolidated condensed statement of operations.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 6 – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The goodwill in net carrying amount of $28,846,832 as at December 31, 2023 and as at September 30, 2023 pertains to the Bollinger Motors Inc. acquisition on September 7, 2022.

Goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if there are indicators of impairment. Every reporting period the Company assesses qualitative factors (such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, financial performance of the Company, entity-specific events etc.) to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. Upon the quantitative goodwill impairment test, impairment may arise to the extent carrying amount of a reporting unit that includes goodwill (i.e. Bollinger production unit, see Note 21 – Segment information) exceeds its fair value. As a result of the impairment test performed on September 1, 2023 by management with the assistance of independent third-party valuation professionals, the Company has recognized impairment loss in amount of $63,988,000 in the last quarter of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. No additional impairment was recognized during the quarter ended December 31, 2023.

Other intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated amortization. Patents and other identifiable intellectual property purchased as part of the Bollinger Motors acquisition in September 2022 have been initially recognized at fair value.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but instead tested for impairment. Due to unfavorable market conditions and decline of the market prices of the Company’s common stock, we have tested long-lived assets for recoverability in the last quarter of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. Based on the test performed on September 1, 2023 by independent professional appraisers, the assets of the Bollinger's segment (see Note 21 - Segment information), including indefinite-lived in-process research and development assets, acquired in September 2022, were not impaired, except for impairment of goodwill (see above). No impairment was recognized during the quarter ended December 31, 2023.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized over the period of estimated benefit using the straight-line method. The weighted average useful life of intangible assets is 8.7 years. The straight-line method of amortization represents management’s best estimate of the distribution of the economic value of the intangible assets.

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In the last quarter of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, an impairment loss in amount of $5,873,000 has been recognized in respect of the intangible assets of the ELMS/Legacy Mullen segment (primarily engineering designs and website design and development). No additional impairment was recognized during the quarter ended December 31, 2023.

	December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
					Net						Net
	Cost		Accumulated		Carrying		Cost		Accumulated		Carrying
	Basis		Amortization		Amount		Basis		Amortization		Amount
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Patents		32,447,460		(4,263,548)		28,183,912		31,708,460		(3,445,694)		28,262,766
Engineering designs		16,200,332		(621,075)		15,579,257		16,200,332		(184,274)		16,016,058
Other		1,841,639		(339,493)		1,502,146		745,947		(158,590)		587,357
Trademarks		—		—		—		1,180,138		(115,682)		1,064,456
Total finite-lived intangible assets		50,489,431		(5,224,116)		45,265,315		49,834,877		(3,904,240)		45,930,637
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
In-process research and development assets	$	58,304,612	$	—	$	58,304,612	$	58,304,612	$	—	$	58,304,612
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets		58,304,612		—		58,304,612		58,304,612		—		58,304,612
Total Intangible Assets	$	108,794,043	$	(5,224,116)	$	103,569,927	$	108,139,489	$	(3,904,240)	$	104,235,249

Total future amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets is as follows:

Years Ended September 30,	Future Amortization
2024 (9 months)	$	3,930,834
2025		5,250,711
2026		5,250,711
2027		5,240,901
2028		5,110,712
Thereafter		20,481,446
Total Future Amortization	$	45,265,315

For the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, amortization of the intangible assets was $1,319,877 and $2,756,704 respectively.

NOTE 7 – DEBT

Short and Long-Term Debt

Short-term debt is defined as debt with principal maturities of one year or less, long-term debt has maturities greater than one year.

The following is a summary of our indebtedness at December 31, 2023:

	Net Carrying Value
	Unpaid Principal						Contractual		Contractual
Type of Debt	Balance		Current		Long-Term		Interest Rate		Maturity
Matured notes	$	2,398,881	$	2,398,881	$	—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2019 - 2021
Real estate note		5,000,000		5,000,000		—	8.99	%	2024
Loan advances		332,800		332,800		—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2016 - 2018
Less: debt discount		(109,525)		(109,525)		—
Total Debt	$	7,622,156	$	7,622,156	$	—

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The following is a summary of our indebtedness at September 30, 2023:

	Net Carrying Value
	Unpaid Principal						Contractual		Contractual
Type of Debt	Balance		Current		Long-Term		Interest Rate		Maturity
Matured notes	$	2,398,881	$	2,398,881	$	—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2019 - 2021
Real estate note		5,000,000		5,000,000		—	8.99	%	2024
Loan advances		332,800		332,800		—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2016 – 2018
Less: debt discount		(270,189)		(270,189)		—
Total Debt	$	7,461,492	$	7,461,492	$	—

Scheduled Debt Maturities

The following are scheduled debt maturities as at December 31, 2023:

	2024 (9 months)		2025		2026		2027		Total
Total Debt	$	7,622,156	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,622,156

Accrued interest

As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, accrued interest on outstanding notes payable was $1,617,759 and $1,548,723, respectively.

NuBridge Commercial Lending LLC Promissory Note

On March 7, 2022, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Mullen Investment Properties, LLC, entered into a Promissory Note (the “Promissory Note”) with NuBridge Commercial Lending LLC for a principal amount of $5 million. The Promissory Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 8.99% per annum and the principal amount is due March 1, 2024. Collateral for the loan includes the title to the Company’s property at 1 Greentech Drive, Tunica, MS. Under the Promissory Note, prepaid interest and issuance costs of $1,157,209 were withheld from the principal and recorded as debt discount, which is being amortized over the term of the Promissory note. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining unamortized debt discount was $109,525.

Drawbridge and Amended A&R Note with Esousa

On October 14, 2022, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Secured Convertible Note and Security Agreement (the “A&R Note”) with Esousa Holdings LLC (“Esousa”), including principal of $1,032,217 (net of debt discount of $64,570) and accrued interest of $316,127 along with the liability to issue 467 shares of common stock (having a then carrying value of $10,710,000) and an obligation to compensate for the losses from market value decline of shares were exchanged for a new convertible note payable with a face value of $12,945,914 and 1,022 shares of common stock (having a fair value of $5,524,600), resulting in a loss on extinguishment of $6,452,170. On November 1, 2022, the A&R Note payable to Esousa, inclusive of any accrued interest, was converted into 2,758 shares of common stock.  

Non-convertible secured promissory note

On December 18, 2023, Mullen entered into a Debt Agreement to issue a non-convertible secured promissory note (the “Note”) with a principal amount of $50 million, purchased for $32 million, reflecting an $18 million original issue

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

discount. The Note, which does not include conversion rights, stock, warrants, or other securities, aims to raise capital for the Company's manufacturing operations. The issuance of this non-convertible Note is scheduled for the first trading day when all closing conditions are met. By the date these consolidated condensed financial statements are available to be issued, the loan has not been received. The $18 million original issue discount was considered a settlement cost related to a dispute over financings that occurred during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. The $18 million settlement cost has been accrued as of September 30, 2023 and is included as accrued expenses and other liabilities at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. When the debt is issued, the $18 million will be reclassified to note payable.

The Note will incur 10% annual interest, escalating to 18% post-Event of Default. It matures three months post-issuance. The Note's terms allow for accelerated repayment upon default, requiring the Company to pay the principal, accrued interest, and other due amounts. The Note will be secured by the Company’s assets and imposes restrictions on the Company, limiting additional debt, asset liens, stock repurchases, outstanding debt repayment, and affiliate transactions, except for specified exceptions. It mandates prepayment of the principal from net proceeds of any subsequent financing.

Convertible Notes

On November 14, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 (“Amendment No. 3”) to the June 7, 2022, Securities Purchase Agreement (as amended, the “Series D SPA”). The investors paid $150 million and, in lieu of receiving shares of Series D Preferred Stock and warrants, the investors received notes convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock (“Notes”) and warrants.

Amendment No. 3 further provided that the remaining $90 million of the commitment amount will be paid in the first half of 2023 in two tranches. The purchase price per share of Series D Preferred Stock would be the lower of (i) $1.27 ($28,575 after reverse stock splits, see Note 1), the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date the Securities Purchase Agreement was executed, or (ii) the closing price of the common stock on the trading day immediately preceding the respective purchase date, subject to a floor price of $0.10 per share. For no additional consideration, for every share of Series D Preferred Stock purchased, investors received warrants to purchase shares of common stock equal to 185% of the number of shares of Series D Preferred Stock purchased by the investors at an exercise price equal to the purchase price for shares of Series D Preferred Stock (the warrants also permit cashless exercise). The Company exercised its right and received these investments in April and June 2023, see Note 8 Warrants and Other Derivative Liabilities and Fair Value Measurements.

On November 15, 2022, the Company issued the unsecured convertible Notes aggregating $150,000,000 in lieu of Series D Preferred Stock. The Notes bore interest at 15% and were convertible into shares of common stock either: (A) at the option of the noteholder at the lower of: (i) $0.303 (to be adjusted to stock splits); or (ii) the closing price of our common stock on January 3, 2023; or (B) mandatorily on November 21, 2022 at the lower of: (i) $0.303 ($6,818 after reverse stock splits, see Note 1); or (ii) the closing price of our common stock on November 18, 2022, provided adequate unissued authorized shares were available. For each share issued upon conversion, the holders were entitled to 1.85 times as many five-year warrants with an exercise price equal to the conversion price for the Notes.

As a result, and since the Company had an insufficient number of authorized shares available to settle potential future warrant exercises, the Company recognized a derivative liability of $244,510,164 for the warrants with a corresponding increase in debt discount of $150,000,000 and interest expense of $94,510,164 (presented combined in the Statement of Operations as "Other financing costs - initial recognition of derivative liabilities"). The debt discount was amortized over the term of the Note through the date the convertible notes were mandatorily convertible. Accordingly, the entire amount was expensed in the first quarter of the year ended September 30, 2023. On November 21, 2022, principal of $59,402,877 was mandatorily converted into 9,815 shares of common stock.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On December 23, 2022, the Company defaulted on the Notes by not having sufficient authorized shares to allow for both the Notes to be fully converted and the warrants to be exercised. On January 13, 2023, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement and Release in which investors waived the default prior to February 1, 2023. In exchange, the Company granted the investors the right to purchase additional shares of Series D Preferred Stock and warrants in an amount equal to such investor’s pro rata portion of $10 million. This right expired on June 30, 2023.

During February 2023, the remaining balance of the Notes (with the principal of $90,362,418) and accrued interest (in amount of $3,456,941) were converted by the holders into 13,762 shares of common stock. See Note 8 – Warrants and Other Derivative Liabilities and Fair Value Measurements with regards to warrants issued upon conversion of these Notes.

NOTE 8 – WARRANTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

ASC 825-10 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of non-performance. ASC 825-10 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 825-10 establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

● Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3 – Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of assets or liabilities.

To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is disclosed and is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Financial Instruments at Carrying Value That Approximated Fair Value

Certain financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on the consolidated condensed balance sheets are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, due to their short-term nature and credit risk. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, and debt. Accounts payable are short-term in nature and generally are due upon receipt or within 30 to 90 days.

Non-Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

Non-financial assets are only required to be measured at fair value when acquired as a part of business combination or when an impairment loss is recognized. See Note 4 – Acquisition of subsidiaries and certain assets, Note 14 - Property, Plant, and Equipment and Note 6 – Intangible assets for further information. All these valuations are based on Level 3 –

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of these assets or liabilities.

Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company had the following financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Preferred C Warrants

The warrants, which were exercisable for common stock, issued in connection with the sale of Series C Preferred Stock (the “Preferred C Warrants”) in accordance with the November 2021 Merger Agreement and further amendments had an exercise price per share of $8.834 (after the reverse stock splits - $198,765) and a cashless exercise option based on certain formula established by relevant contracts.

These warrant liabilities were recognized as liabilities due to requirements of ASC 480 because the variable number of shares to be issued upon cashless exercise (which was deemed to be the predominant exercise option) was based predominantly on a fixed monetary value.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, 132 Preferred C Warrants that remained outstanding as at September 30, 2022 were fully exercised.

Preferred D Warrants

In accordance with Series D SPA for every share of Series D Preferred Stock purchased, the investors received 185% (for the final $100 million voluntary investment right expiring June 30, 2023 - 110%) warrants (the “Preferred D Warrants”) exercisable for shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to the lower of (i) $1.27 (after the reverse stock splits - $28,575) or (ii) the market price of common stock on the trading day immediately preceding the purchase notice date. The Preferred D Warrants are exercisable during a five-year period commencing upon issuance. The contracts for the Preferred D Warrants contain cashless exercise provisions similar to Preferred C Warrants described above. Therefore, management applied similar accounting treatment to recognition, measurement, and presentation of the warrant liabilities.

In September 2022, the Company received an initial investment amount of $35 million (exercise price was $0.4379, or $9,853 after reverse stock splits) and issued to investors 79,926,925 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, and 263 Preferred D Warrants (hereinafter warrants and shares of common stock are presented giving effect to the reverse stock splits, see Note 1).

By September 30, 2022, no Preferred D Warrants were exercised and all Preferred D Warrants remained outstanding with the fair value on September 30, 2022 in the amount of $55,398,551.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, all initial Preferred D Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis for 10,182 shares of common stock.

In November 2022, the Company received $150,000,000 and issued, in lieu of Series D Preferred Stock, notes convertible into shares of common stock and Preferred D Warrants. As a result of the conversion of the convertible debt into shares of common stock in November 2022 and February 2023, 43,616 Preferred D Warrants were issued. By June 30, 2023, all these Preferred D Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis for 93,664 shares of common stock.

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

During April 2023, we exercised our investment rights under the Series D SPA and requested an additional $45 million (exercise price was $0.1 or $2,250 after reverse stock splits) issuing to investors: 273,363,635 Series D Preferred Stock, 7,851 shares of common stock (in lieu of Series D Preferred Stock), and 37,000 Preferred D Warrants (post reverse stock split). The warrant liability recognized initially amounted to $73,260,454. By June 30, 2023, all these Preferred D Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis for 147,672 shares of common stock (post reverse stock split).

In June 2023, we exercised the second half of our investment right for $45 million (exercise price was $0.432 or $388.8 after reverse stock splits) and, in lieu of Series D Preferred Stock, investors received: 60,778 shares of common stock and 54,962 prefunded warrants exercisable for one share of common stock each, as well as 214,120 Preferred D Warrants.

In June 2023, one of the investors exercised their investment rights and invested $7 million (exercise price was $0.52 or $468 after reverse stock splits). The Company issued, in lieu of Series D Preferred Stock, 14,957 shares of common stock and 27,671 Preferred D Warrants.

Final voluntary investment rights under the Series D SPA were exercised by the pool of investors in June 2023 and the Company received $100 million (exercise price was $0.1601, or $144.09 after reverse stock splits, for majority of investors, and $0.1696, or $152.64 after reverse stock splits, for one investor), issuing to investors, in lieu of Series D Preferred Stock: 183,731 shares of common stock and 508,159 prefunded warrants exercisable for one share of common stock each, as well as 761,079 Preferred D Warrants.

The warrant liability recognized in June 2023 upon initial accounting of these investments amounted to $254,962,776. By September 30, 2023, a part of these prefunded warrants and Preferred D Warrants was exercised on a cashless basis for 2,194,413 shares of common stock (post reverse stock splits).

As of September 30, 2023, none of prefunded warrants and 382,436 Preferred D Warrants (recognized as liability in the consolidated condensed balance sheets) exercisable into 1,438,009 shares of common stock with fair value of $64,739,175 remained outstanding.

During the 3 months ended December 31, 2023, a part of remaining Preferred D Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis for 2,020,152 shares of common stock (post reverse stock splits). As of December 31, 2023, Preferred D Warrants (recognized as liability in the consolidated condensed balance sheets) with fair value of $20,704,136 remained outstanding and their exercise (on a cash or cashless basis) is available to investors for a period of approximately 4.5 years.

The fair value of warrant obligations is calculated based on the number and market value of shares that can be issued upon exercise of the warrants. The number of shares to be issued in accordance with relevant agreements is variable and depends on (i) lowest closing market price of shares for 2 days before the exercise, and (i) multiplicator calculated based on Black Scholes formula where all elements, except for risk-free rate, are fixed on the investment date. Accordingly, the fair value of warrants on recognition date and on subsequent dates was estimated as a maximum of (i) Black Scholes value for cash exercise of relevant warrants and (ii) current market value of the number of shares the Company would be required to issue upon cashless warrant exercise on a relevant date in accordance with warrant contract requirements. The latter valuation, based on observable inputs (level 2), has been higher and reflects the pattern of the warrants exercise since the inception of the Series D SPA.

At each warrant exercise date and each accounting period end the warrant liability for the remaining unexercised warrants was marked-to-market value and the resulting gain or loss was recorded in consolidated condensed statement of operations as a “Gain / (loss) on derivative liability revaluation”.

All the warrants mentioned in this section provide that if the Company issues or sells, enters into a definitive, binding agreement pursuant to which the Company is required to issue or sell or is deemed, pursuant to the provisions of the

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

warrants, to have issued or sold, any shares of common stock for a price per share lower than the exercise price then in effect, subject to certain limited exceptions, then the exercise price of the warrants shall be reduced to such lower price per share. In addition, the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants are subject to adjustment in connection with stock splits, dividends or distributions or other similar transactions.

Other derivative liabilities

Other derivative liabilities recognized and remeasured subsequently at fair value include: embedded derivatives issued with convertible notes (primarily, conversion option), and preferred stock that failed equity presentation when the Company had insufficient number of authorized shares available to settle all potential future conversion transactions, automatic increase in interest rate upon an event of default, and optional conversion feature that were not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of a debt host. These derivative liabilities were initially recognized on November 15, 2022, when the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Series D SPA (see Note 7) having an insufficient number of authorized shares of common stock available for issuance upon conversion of preferred stock and convertible notes payable and the exercise of outstanding warrants. They were carried at fair value and have been reclassified to equity respectively upon final conversion of the Notes in February 2023, and upon authorization of increase of common stock available for issuance by stockholders of the Company in January 2023.

Qiantu Warrants

On March 14, 2023, the Company entered into an Intellectual Property and Distribution Agreement (the “IP Agreement”) with Qiantu Motor (Suzhou) Ltd., and two of Qiantu Suzhou’s affiliates (herein “Qiantu”). Pursuant to the IP Agreement, Qiantu granted the Company the exclusive license to use certain of Qiantu’s trademarks and the exclusive right to assemble, manufacture, and sell the homologated vehicles based on the Qiantu K-50 model throughout North America and South America for a period of five years (see Note 19 for more details). These rights will be obtained and the commitment will only be effective upon the Company’s assessment of feasibility and profitability of the project.

As a part of consideration for the Company’s entry into the IP Agreement, the Company issued to Qiantu USA warrants to purchase up to 3,334 (giving effect to the reverse stock splits, see Note 1) shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Qiantu Warrants”).

The Qiantu warrants, per contract, are exercisable at Qiantu USA’s discretion at any time from September 30, 2023 up to and including September 30, 2024 at 110% of the market price of the Company’s common stock at the close of trading on the earlier of (a) when the Company completes its obligations to its Series D Preferred Stock investors; or (b) June 15, 2023, so their exercise price is $234 (giving effect to the reverse stock splits). The Qiantu Warrants have anti-dilution provisions similar to those described above, but they provide for exemption for Series D Preferred Stock transactions rights and obligations that existed on the date the Qiantu Warrants were issued.

As it was expected that the Company may not have a sufficient number of authorized shares of common stock available for issuance during the term of the contract (up to September 2024), and the shares to be issued upon possible exercise of warrants have not been registered, the Qiantu Warrants were recognized at fair value on inception ($6,814,000) and on each subsequent period end. Due to decline in market price of shares the fair value of Qiantu Warrants on September 30, 2023 decreased to $124,133, and on December 31, 2023 to $10,485. The difference has been recognized within gains (losses) on derivative liabilities revaluation in the consolidated condensed statements of operations.

Upon issuance and upon revaluation of the instruments, the Company estimated the fair value of these derivatives using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model and binomial option valuation techniques based on the following assumptions: (1) dividend yield of 0%, (2) expected annualized volatility of 198-222%, and (3) risk-free interest rate of 4.3% to 4.7%. These liabilities are classified as having significant unobservable inputs (level 3) in the table below.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Breakdown of items recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in consolidated condensed balance sheets by levels of observable and unobservable inputs as of December 31, 2023 and on September 30, 2023 is presented below:

			Quoted Prices		Significant
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	December 31,		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Derivative liability	$	20,714,620	$	—	$	20,704,135	$	10,485
				Quoted Prices		Significant
				in Active		Other	Significant
				Markets for		Observable	Unobservable
	September 30,			Identical Assets		Inputs	Inputs
		2023		(Level 1 )		(Level 2)	(Level 3)
Derivative liability	$	64,863,309	$	—	$	64,739,175	$	124,134

A summary of all changes in warrants and other derivative liabilities is presented below:

Balance, September 30, 2023	$	64,863,309
Loss / (gain) on derivative liability revaluation		6,728,980
Conversions of warrants into common shares		(50,877,669)
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	20,714,620
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	84,799,179
Derivative liabilities recognized upon issuance of convertible instruments		244,510,164
Derivative liability upon authorized shares shortfall		11,978,167
Loss / (gain) on derivative liability revaluation		40,781,976
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity upon authorization of sufficient common shares		(10,183,443)
Financing loss upon over-issuance of shares from warrants		8,934,892
Receivables upon over-issuance of shares from warrants		17,721,868
Conversions of warrants into common shares		(137,062,719)
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	261,480,084

NOTE 9 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock

At a special meeting on January 25, 2023, stockholders approved the proposal to increase the Company’s authorized common stock capital from 1.75 billion to 5 billion shares. At December 31, 2023, the Company had 5 billion shares of common stock authorized with $0.001 par value per share.

As described in detail in the Note 1 above, by December 31, 2023, the Company has effectuated a series of reverse stock splits. All stock splits resulted in reduction of shares of common stock issued and outstanding and did not affect authorized common stock or preferred stock. The Company had 5,884,691 and 2,871,707 shares of common stock (post reverse stock splits) issued and outstanding on December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held at all meetings of stockholders. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the common stockholders are entitled to receive the remaining assets following distribution of liquidation preferences, if any, to the holders of our preferred stock. The holders of common stock are not entitled to receive dividends unless declared by our Board. To date, no dividends were declared or paid to the holders of common stock. 

When the Company receives a warrant exercise notice or preferred stock conversion notice close to the balance sheet date, and issues relevant order to a transfer agent which is effectively exercised only after the balance sheet date, relevant shares of common stock are presented in the balance sheet as common stock owed but not issued.

Change in Control Agreements

On August 11, 2023, the Board of Directors approved, and the Company entered, Change in Control Agreements with each non-employee director and Chief Executive Officer. Pursuant to the Change in Control Agreements with each non-employee director, upon a change in control of the Company, any unvested equity compensation will immediately vest in full and such non-employee director will receive $5 million. Pursuant to the Agreement with CEO, upon a change in control of the Company, any unvested equity compensation will immediately vest in full and CEO will receive an aggregate percentage of the transaction proceeds as follows: 10% of the transaction proceeds that are up to and including $1 billion; plus an additional 5% of transaction proceeds that are more than $1 billion and up to $1.5 billion; and an additional 5% of transaction proceeds that are more than $1.5 billion. A change in control, as defined in the agreements occurs upon (i) any person becoming the beneficial owner of 50% or more of the total voting power of the Company’s then outstanding voting securities, (ii) a change in the composition of the Board, as a result of which fewer than a majority of the directors are Incumbent Directors (as defined in the Change in Control Agreements), or (iii) the consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company (except when the total voting power of the Company continues to represent at least 50% of the surviving entity), any liquidation, or the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of its assets.

Preferred Stock

Under the terms of our Certificate of Incorporation, the Board may determine the rights, preferences, and terms of our authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock. On December 31, 2023, the Company had 500,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock authorized with $0.001 par value per share. The reverse stock splits (see Note 1 above) did not affect the number of shares of Preferred Stock authorized and outstanding, but the conversion ratios were proportionately adjusted to decrease the number of shares of common stock to be issued as a result.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company has designated Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, and Series D Preferred Stock, and Series AA Preferred Stock. Transactions with Preferred stock are presented below:

	Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock
	Total			Series A			Series C			Series D			Series AA
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance, October 1, 2022	5,721,897		5,721	1,924		2	1,360,321		1,360	4,359,652		4,359	—		—
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock	(4,146,819)		(4,147)	—		—	(150,265)		(150)	(3,996,554)		(3,997)	—		—
Preferred shares issued to officers	1		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	1		—
Balance, December 31, 2022	1,575,079		1,575	1,924		2	1,210,056		1,210	363,098		363	1		—
Balance, October 1, 2023	1,575,502		1,576	648		1	1,211,757		1,212	363,097		363	—		—
Balance, December 31, 2023	1,575,502		1,576	648		1	1,211,757		1,212	363,097		363	—		—

Redemption Rights

The shares of Preferred Stock are not subject to mandatory redemption.  

The Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock are voluntarily redeemable by the Company in accordance with the following schedule, provided that the issuance of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion has been registered and the registration statement remains effective:

Year 1: No Redemption

Year 2: Redemption at 120% of the Redemption Price

Year 3: Redemption at 115% of the Redemption Price

Year 4: Redemption at 110% of the Redemption Price

Year 5: Redemption at 105% of the Redemption Price

Year 6 and thereafter: Redemption at 100% of the Redemption Price

The Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock are also redeemable by the Company at any time for a price per share equal to the Issue Price ($8.84 for Series C Preferred Stock and $0.4379 for remaining Series D Preferred Stock), plus all unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends on such share (whether or not declared), provided: (A) the Preferred Stock has been issued and outstanding for a period of at least one year, (B) the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Preferred Stock has been registered pursuant to the Securities Act and such registration remains effective, and (C) the trading price for the common stock is less than the Conversion Price for 20 trading days in any period of 30 consecutive trading days on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

Dividends

The holders of Series A and Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to non-cumulative dividends if declared by the Board of Directors. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock participate on a pro rata basis (on an “as converted” basis to common stock) in any cash dividend paid on common stock. No dividends have been declared or paid during three months ended December 31, 2023, and 2022.

The Series C Preferred Stock originally provided for a cumulative 15.0% per annum fixed dividend on the Series C Original Issue Price plus unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends. On January 13, 2023, the Company and holders of Series C

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Preferred Stock entered into a waiver agreement pursuant to which such holders irrevocably waived their right to receive any and all cumulative 15.0% per annum fixed dividends on such Preferred Stock, including all unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends.

The Series D Preferred Stock bears a 15.0% per annum fixed dividend accumulated and compounded monthly, payable no later than the 5^th day after the end of each month on the Series D Original Issue Price plus unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends. Dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock are payable prior to any dividends on any other series of Preferred Stock or the common stock. The amount of Series D Preferred Stock dividends accumulated as at December 31, 2023 was approximately $0.4 million.

The Company may elect to pay dividends for any month with a payment-in-kind (“PIK”) election if (i) the shares issuable further to the PIK are subject to an effective registration statement, (ii) the Company is then in compliance with all listing requirements of NASDAQ and (iii) the average daily trading dollar volume of the Company’s common stock for 10 trading days in any period of 20 consecutive trading days on the NASDAQ is equal to or greater than $27.5 million.

Liquidation, Dissolution, and Winding Up

In the event of any Liquidation Event, the holders of the Series D Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution of the proceeds to the holders of the other series of Preferred Stock or the common stock by reason of their ownership thereof, an amount per share equal to the Series D Original Issue Price ($0.4379 per share in respect of the outstanding Series D Preferred Stock) plus declared but unpaid dividends (none declared but unpaid dividends on December 31, 2023 and 2022).

In the event of any Liquidation Event, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, after full execution of rights of the Series D Preferred Stock holders, and prior and in preference to any distribution of the proceeds to the holders of the other series of Preferred Stock or the common stock by reason of their ownership thereof, an amount per share equal to the Series B Original Issue Price plus declared but unpaid dividends (none declared but unpaid dividends on December 31, 2023 and 2022).

Upon the completion of a distribution pursuant to a Liquidation Event to the Series D Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock, the holders of the Series C Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution of the proceeds to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock or the common stock by reason of their ownership thereof, an amount per share equal to the Series C Original Issue Price ($8.84 per share) plus declared but unpaid dividends (none declared but unpaid dividends on December 31, 2023 and 2022).

Upon the completion of a distribution pursuant to a Liquidation Event to the Series D Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution of any proceeds to the holders of the common stock, by reason of their ownership thereof, $1.29 per share of each share of the Series A Preferred Stock, plus declared but unpaid dividends on such share (none declared but unpaid dividends on December 31, 2023 and 2022). “Liquidation Event” is as defined in the Certificate of Incorporation and, subject to certain exceptions, includes a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, certain mergers, consolidations and transfers of securities, and any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company.

Conversion

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into 0.0044 (giving effect to the reverse stock splits – see Note 1) shares of fully paid and non-assessable shares of common stock (rounding up to the nearest share).

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Each share of Series B Preferred Stock and each share of Series C Preferred Stock are convertible at the option of the holder at any time into such number of shares of common stock as is determined by dividing the Issue Price by the relevant Conversion Price (in each case, subject to adjustment). As of December 31, 2023, there were no shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. As of December 31, 2023, each share of Series C Preferred Stock is convertible into 0.000044 (giving effect to the reverse stock split – see Note 1) shares of fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock (rounding up to the nearest share).

Each share of Series C Preferred Stock will automatically be converted into shares of common stock at the applicable conversion rate at the time in effect immediately upon (A) the issuance of shares of common stock underlying the Series C Preferred Stock being registered pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and such registration remaining effective, (B) the trading price for the Company’s common stock being more than two times the Series C Conversion Price for 20 trading days in any period of 30 consecutive trading days on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and (C) the average daily trading dollar volume of the Company’s common stock during such 20 trading days is equal to or greater than $4.0 million.

The Series D Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of each holder at any time into the number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the Series D Original Issue Price (plus all unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends thereon, as applicable, whether or not declared), by the Series D Conversion Price, subject to adjustment as set in the Certificate of Designation. As of December 31, 2023, each share of Series D is convertible into 0.000044 (giving effect to the reverse stock split – see Note 1) shares of fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock (rounding up to the nearest share).

Each share of Series D Preferred Stock will automatically be converted into shares of common stock at the applicable Conversion Rate at the time in effect immediately upon (A) the issuance of shares of common stock underlying the Series D Preferred Stock being registered pursuant to the Securities Act and such registration remaining effective, (B) the trading price for the Company’s common stock being more than two times the Series D Conversion Price for 20 trading days in any period of 30 consecutive trading days on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and (C) the average daily trading dollar volume of the Company’s common stock during such 20 trading days is equal to or greater than $27.5 million.

Voting Rights

The holders of shares of common stock and Series A, Series B and Series C Preferred Stock at all times vote together as a single class on all matters (including the election of directors) submitted to a vote of the stockholders; provided, however, that, any proposal which adversely affects the rights, preferences and privileges of the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, or Series C Preferred Stock, as applicable, must be approved by a majority in interest of the affected series of Preferred Stock, as the case may be.

Each holder of common stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock has right to one vote for each share of common stock into which such Series B Preferred Stock and/or Series C Preferred Stock, as applicable, could be converted. Each holder of Series A Preferred has the right to 1,000 votes per share held of record by such holder (this right will terminate on November 5, 2024).

The holders of Series D Preferred Stock have no voting rights except for protective voting rights (one vote for each share) in such cases as approval of a liquidation event, authorization of issue of securities having a preference over or parity with the Series D Preferred Stock with respect to dividends, liquidation, redemption or voting, entering a merger or consolidation, etc.

Series AA Preferred Stock

The Series AA Certificate of Designation, filed in November 2022, provided that the Series AA Preferred Stock would have 57,778 votes (giving effect to reverse stock splits, see Note 1) per share of Series AA Preferred Stock and would vote

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

together with the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock as a single class exclusively with respect to any proposal to adopt an amendment to the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. The Preferred Stock otherwise had no voting rights except as otherwise required by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. The Series AA Preferred Stock was not convertible into, or exchangeable for, shares of any other class or series of stock or other securities of the Company. The Series AA Preferred Stock had no rights with respect to any distribution of assets of the Company, including upon a liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, merger, acquisition, sale, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntarily or involuntarily. The holder of the Series AA Preferred Stock was not entitled to receive dividends of any kind. On November 14, 2022, the Company entered into a Subscription and Investment Representation Agreement with David Michery, its Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold one share of the Company’s Series AA Preferred Stock for $25,000 in cash. In January 2023, the outstanding share of Series AA Preferred Stock was redeemed for $25,000, upon the approval by the Company’s stockholders of an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation to implement a reverse stock split (see Note 1) and the Company filed a certificate of cancellation of the Series AA Preferred Stock.

NOTE 10 – LOSS PER SHARE

Earnings per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income allocated to common stockholders by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing income allocated to common stockholders plus dividends on dilutive convertible preferred stock and preferred stock that can be tendered to exercise warrants, by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding plus amounts representing the dilutive effect of outstanding warrants and the dilution resulting from the conversion of convertible preferred stock, if applicable.

For the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, outstanding warrants, convertible debt and shares of Preferred Stock were excluded from the diluted share count because the result would have been antidilutive under the “if-converted method.”

The following table presents the reconciliation of net loss attributable to common stockholders to net loss used in computing basic and diluted net income per share of common stock (giving effect to the reverse stock splits – see Note 1):

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(61,394,898)	$	(376,275,786)
Less: accumulated preferred stock dividends		(21,303)		(638,677)
Net loss used in computing basic net loss per share of common stock	$	(61,416,201)	$	(376,914,463)
Net loss per share	$	(15.32)	$	(6,233.08)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		4,007,791		60,470

NOTE 11 – SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company has incentive plans that are a part of annual discretionary share-based compensation program. The plans include consultants and employees, directors and officers. The Company has been issuing new shares of common stock under the share-based compensation programs, and cash has not been used to settle equity instruments granted under share-based payment arrangements.

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	For the three months ended December 31,
Composition of Stock-Based Compensation Expense	2023		2022
Directors, officers and employees share-based compensation	$	2,161,387	$	36,376,972
Share-based compensation to consultants (equity-classified)		1,066,548		2,642,074
Share-based compensation to consultants (liability-classified)		10,675,481		1,734,364
Total share-based compensation expense	$	13,903,416	$	40,753,410

Employees of the Company

Employees of the Company, including officers, are entitled to a number of shares of common stock specified in relevant employment contracts and subject to the approval of our Board of Directors Compensation Committee. The total expense of share awards to employees represents the grant date fair value of relevant number of shares to be issued and is recognized, along with additional paid-in capital, ratably over the service period. The majority of awards to employees are equity-classified. The liability that relates to liability classified stock-based compensation contracts amounts to $25,000 on December 31, 2023.

Consultants

From time to time the Company also issues share-based compensation to external consultants providing consulting, marketing, R&D, legal and other services. The number of shares specified within the individual agreements, or a monetary value of those shares, if applicable, is usually negotiated by our Chief Executive Officer and approved by the Board of Directors Compensation Committee. These costs are generally presented as professional fees within general and administrative, and certain qualifying costs may be presented as part of research and development expenses ($0.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2023).

A part of these share-based awards is classified as equity and accounted for similar to stock-based compensation to employees. Another part of the Company’s share-based awards to consultants is classified as liabilities: mainly if a number of shares a consultant is entitled to is predominantly based on monetary value fixed in the contract. An accrued part of liability in this case is revaluated each period based on market price of the shares of common stock of the Company, until sufficient number of shares is issued. The liability to consultants as at December 31, 2023 amounted to $3.4 million. The Company generally practices prepayment for future services of the consultants by unrestricted shares of common stock – in this case a prepaid asset is recognized on the balance sheet and is amortized over the period the consultant is delivering their services to the Company. These prepaid costs amounted to $4.6 million as at December 31, 2023.

CEO Award Incentive Plans

The Company adopted the CEO Performance Stock Award Agreement, approved by the Board and by stockholders in 2022 (“2022 PSA Agreement”) and CEO Performance Stock Award Agreement, approved by the Board and by stockholders in 2023 (“2023 PSA Agreement”). Under these plans, the Chief Executive Officer is entitled to share-based awards generally calculated as 1-3% of then outstanding number of shares of common stock, issuable upon achievement of specific financial and operational targets (milestones) that are supposed to significantly increase value of the Company.

This share-based compensation is accrued over the service term when it is probable that the milestone will be achieved. The liability to issue stock (presented within non-current liabilities if the achievement is expected later than 12 months after the balance sheet date) is revalued on every balance sheet date based on the length of the service period, current market price of the common stock, and on the number of shares of common stock outstanding – until the shares have been issued, or until fulfilling of the milestone requirements is no longer probable.

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As at December 31, 2023, the accrual for future awards under 2022 PSA Agreement amounted to approximately $1.3 million. Out of all remaining 2022 PSA Agreement awards, the only awards that are considered probable are capital benchmarks that provide for a 1% of outstanding common stock on every $100 million the Company raises.

As at December 31, 2023, the accrual for future awards under 2023 PSA Agreement amounted to approximately $8.0 million. A part of this provision in the amount of $1.5 million has been recognized within non-current liabilities as the achievement is expected later than 12 months after the balance sheet date. Out of all remaining 2023 PSA Agreement awards, all awards are considered probable by the Company, except for Vehicle Completion Milestone (i) (USA certification and homologation of Class Three Van – expired by end of December 2023), and except for Accelerated Development Milestone which has been achieved (Mullen has acquired a facility with existing equipment that allows the Company to expedite scaling of battery pack production in the USA).

The costs recognized within the line item "Directors, Officers and Employees share-based compensation" in the table above represent both actual issuances of common stock under PSA Agreements and these provisions for future probable awards.

NOTE 12 – ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Provision for penalties & settlements	$	26,392,247	$	27,800,000
Accounts payable accrual		3,228,426		2,964,864
IRS tax liability		2,186,436		2,849,346
Accrued payroll		2,102,931		2,406,650
Accrued interest		1,617,759		1,548,724
Legal fees		611,853		868,495
Refund liability		652,200		652,200
Accrued expense - other		1,375,085		2,111,650
Total	$	38,166,937	$	41,201,929

NOTE 13 - LIABILITY TO ISSUE STOCK

The liability on December 31, 2023 (current liability in amount of $11.5 million and non-current liability in amount of $1.5 million) represents CEO incentive award provision to be settled in shares of common stock upon achievement of specific targets (current liability in amount of $7.8 million and non-current liability in amount of $1.5 million), as well as certain liability-classified contracts with consultants (current liability in amount of $3.4 million) and other parties (current liability in amount of $0.2 million). The liability on September 30, 2023 mainly related to CEO incentive award provision, see Note 11 - Share Based Compensation for more details.

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 14 – PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property, plant, and equipment, net consists of the following:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Buildings	$	48,539,340	$	48,081,466
Machinery and equipment		31,175,282		27,861,452
Land		3,040,303		3,040,303
Construction-in-progress		8,186,675		5,180,642
Other fixed assets		3,953,967		2,824,165
Total cost of assets excluding accumulated impairment		94,895,567		86,988,028
Less: accumulated depreciation		(7,979,326)		(4,955,243)
Property, Plant, and Equipment, net	$	86,916,241	$	82,032,785

During the last quarter of fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, due to unfavorable market conditions, decline of the market prices of the Company’s common stock, and budgeted performance misses compared to the budgets prepared previously, we have tested long-lived asset for recoverability. The test was performed on September 1, 2023 by independent professional appraisers using both discounted cash flow method and guideline public company method. The fair value of the property, plant, and equipment of the ELMS/Legacy Mullen segment (classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy) was determined on a standalone basis utilizing the cost and market approaches to value. The assets of the Bollinger's segment (see Note 21 - Segment information) were not impaired, except for impairment of goodwill (see Note 6 - Goodwill and intangible assets). An impairment loss in amount of $13,519,492 has been recognized in respect of the property, plant, and equipment of the ELMS/Legacy Mullen segment: primarily construction-in-progress, and machinery and equipment. No additional impairment has been recognized during the quarter ended December 31, 2023.

Depreciation expense related to property, plant, and equipment for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $3,024,083 and $2,037,623, respectively.

NOTE 15 – PREPAID EXPENSES AND PREPAID INVENTORY

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Prepaid expenses and prepaid inventory
Prepaid expense	$	6,686,868	$	8,850,311
Prepaid trade shows		3,779,338		2,731,352
Prepaid services		4,606,224		6,041,111
Prepaid inventory		2,813,722		5,063,965
Other prepayments		1,961,227		2,025,154
Prepaid rent		730,833		47,215
Prepaid retainer		685,243		196,115
Customs surety bond		2,600,000		-
Total prepaid expenses and prepaid inventory	$	23,863,455	$	24,955,223

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 16 – OPERATING EXPENSES

General and administrative expenses consist of the following:

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Professional fees	$	16,220,998	$	8,652,777
Compensation to employees		7,227,842		44,142,360
Advertising and promotions		6,341,015		2,968,234
Depreciation		3,024,083		4,388,355
Amortization		1,319,877		405,972
Employee benefits		1,879,490		1,033,638
Utilities and office expense		1,584,456		255,039
Listing and regulatory fees		1,491,707		1,301,844
Repairs and maintenance		823,234		181,239
Settlements and penalties		1,911,664		20,844
Lease		198,485		831,090
Executive expenses and directors' fees		284,362		209,044
Other		926,839		605,575
Total	$	43,234,052	$	64,996,011

The main portions of the Professional fees and Compensation to employees relate to stock-based compensation issued to non-employees and employees, respectively, see Note 11 - Share Based Compensation for additional information.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, were $16,169,967 and $8,622,009, respectively. Costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses are primarily comprised of external fees and internal costs for engineering, homologation, prototyping costs, and other expenses related to preparation to mass-production of electric vehicles such as Mullen Five EV, Mullen One EV cargo van, etc.

NOTE 17 – LEASES

We have entered into various operating lease agreements for certain offices, manufacturing and warehouse facilities, and corporate aircraft. Operating leases led to recognition of right-of-use assets, and current and noncurrent portion of lease liabilities, as appropriate. These right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made and initial direct costs incurred at lease commencement and exclude lease incentives. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have lease agreements which require payments for both lease and non-lease components and have elected to account for these as a single lease component. Certain leases provide for annual increases to lease payment based on an index or rate. We calculate the present value of future lease payments based on the index or at the lease commencement date for new leases.

On November 1, 2023, the Company entered a 5-year lease agreement for premises of approximately 122,000 sq. ft. in Fullerton, California, designated for light manufacturing and distribution of electric vehicle batteries. Base rent is $2,992 thousand for the first year (and increases approximately 4% every year) and additional operating expenses are approximately $715 thousand in the first year with subsequent annual recalculation. Security deposit payable to the landlord is approximately $1 million.

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The table below presents information regarding our lease assets and liabilities.

	December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	13,400,598		$	5,249,417
Liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, current		(2,137,882)			(2,134,494)
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		(9,230,806)			(3,566,922)
Total lease liabilities	$	(11,368,688)		$	(5,701,416)
Weighted average remaining lease terms:
Operating leases		4.32 years			3.98 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases		28	%		28	%

Operating lease costs:	For the three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Fixed lease cost	$	1,316,045	$	771,771
Variable lease cost		56,696		31,288
Sublease income		(167,163)		(63,857)
Total operating lease costs	$	1,205,578	$	739,202

Operating Lease Commitments

Our leases primarily consist of land, land and building, or equipment leases. Our lease obligations are based upon contractual minimum rates. Most leases provide that we pay taxes, maintenance, insurance and operating expenses applicable to the premises. The initial term for most real property leases is typically 1 to 3 years, with renewal options of 1 to 5 years, and may include rent escalation clauses.

The following table reflects maturities of operating lease liabilities at December 31, 2023:

Years ending
September 30,
2024 (9 months)	$	2,276,166
2025		5,498,855
2026		4,044,143
2027		3,962,569
2028		3,728,589
Thereafter		1,874,007
Total lease payments	$	21,384,329
Less: imputed interest		(10,015,641)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	11,368,688

NOTE 18 – INCOME TAXES

The Company and its less than 100% owned subsidiaries are filing separate tax returns and we calculate the provision for income taxes by using a “separate return” method. Section 174 deduction and R&D credits are calculated using consolidated tax return rules and allocated among its members. Tax effects of significant unusual or infrequently occurring items are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate calculation and recognized in the interim period in which they occur.

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We maintain a full valuation allowance against the value of our U.S. and state net deferred tax assets because recoverability of the tax assets does not meet the “more likely than not” likelihood at December 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023.

NOTE 19 – CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS

ASC 450.20 governs the disclosure and recognition of loss contingencies, including potential losses from litigation, regulation, tax and other matters. The accounting standard defines a “loss contingency” as “an existing condition, situation, or set of circumstances involving uncertainty as to possible loss to an entity that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur.” ASC 450 requires accrual for a loss contingency when it is probable that one or more future events will occur confirming the fact of loss and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Under this standard an event is probable when it is likely to occur.

From time to time, we are subject to asserted and actual claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business. Company management reviews any such legal proceedings and claims on an ongoing basis and follows appropriate accounting guidance when making accrual and disclosure decisions. We recognize accruals for those contingencies where the incurrence of a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated, and disclose the amount accrued and the amount of a reasonably possible loss in excess of the amount accrued, if such disclosure is necessary for our consolidated condensed financial statements to not be misleading. As required by ASC 450 we do not record liabilities when the likelihood is not probable, or when the likelihood is probable, but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated. To estimate whether a loss contingency should be accrued by a charge to income, management evaluates, among other factors, the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of the loss.

The outcomes of our legal proceedings and other contingencies are inherently unpredictable, subject to significant uncertainties, and could be material to our operating results and cash flows for a particular period. We evaluate, at least quarterly, developments in our legal proceedings and other contingencies that could affect the amount of liability, including amounts in excess of any previous accruals and reasonably possible losses disclosed, and make adjustments and changes to our accruals and disclosures as appropriate. For the matters we disclose that do not include an estimate of the amount of loss or range of losses, such an estimate is not possible or is immaterial, and we may be unable to estimate the possible loss or range of losses that could potentially result from the application of non-monetary remedies. Until the final resolution of such matters, if any of our estimates and assumptions change or prove to have been incorrect, we may experience losses in excess of the amounts recorded, which could have a material effect on our business, consolidated condensed financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Information with respect to our legal proceedings is contained in Note 19 – Contingencies and Claims of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023. Other than as set forth herein, there are no additional updates to the legal proceedings involving the Company and/or its subsidiaries.

Qiantu Motor (Suzhou) Ltd.

On October 11, 2019, Mullen Technologies, Inc. filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California (Case No. 3:19-cv-01979-W-DEB) on October 11, 2019. This matter arises out of a contract dispute between Mullen and Qiantu Motor (Suzhou) Ltd. (“Qiantu”) related to the engineering, design, support, and homologation of Qiantu’s K50 vehicle by Mullen. On July 1, 2020, the court ordered this matter to arbitration. It was submitted to the American Arbitration Association on February 9, 2021, for arbitration in Denver, Colorado. On March 14, 2023, the parties entered into a Settlement Agreement providing for full settlement of all pending litigation between Mullen and Qiantu. Mullen continues its analysis of the homologation costs and the parties continue to negotiate licensing rights to the European territories.

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

No loss contingencies have been accrued in respect of this matter as at December 31, 2023, other than those paid, as the Company can reasonably estimate neither probability of additional losses, nor their magnitude (if any), based on all available information presently known to management.

International Business Machines (“IBM”)

On May 7, 2019, International Business Machines (‘IBM”) filed a claim against Mullen Technologies, Inc, in the Supreme Court of the State of New York. This matter arises out of a contract dispute between Mullen and IBM related to a joint development and technology license agreement, patent license agreement, and a logo trademark agreement.

The Company has recognized the amounts paid ($5.9 million) as losses on settlement in the year ended September 30, 2022 and does not expect any additional losses to be reasonably possible.

TOA Trading LLC Litigation

On April 11, 2022, TOA Trading LLC and Munshibari LLC (“Plaintiffs”), filed a complaint against Mullen in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. This claim arises out of an alleged breach of contract related to an unpaid finder’s fee. On January 8, 2024, the court, sua sponte reset the February 12, 2024 trial to April 30, 2024.

Based on the early stage of the litigation, no loss contingencies have been accrued in respect of this matter as at December 31, 2023 as the Company can reasonably estimate neither probability of the loss, nor their magnitude (if any), based on all available information presently known to management.

DBI Lease Buyback Servicing LLC, Drawbridge Investments LLC

On March 2, 2023, DBI and Drawbridge Investments LLC (collectively, “Drawbridge”) filed a complaint in the Commercial Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York against Mullen. The complaint arises out of a letter agreement providing DBI with a right to purchase up to $25 million worth of a to be issued Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants and asserts claims for: (1) specific performance of the alleged agreement; (2) money damages (in an amount exceeding $100 million) arising out of Mullen’s alleged breach of the alleged agreement; and (3) declaratory judgment setting forth Drawbridge’s rights and Mullen’s obligations under the alleged agreement.

On December 5, 2023, as part of the settlement, Drawbridge withdrew its appeal to Mullen’s Motion to Dismiss, which was granted by the court on August 25, 2023, with prejudice. Based on the contract signed by the parties, the Company accrued $1.95 million as of December 31, 2023 in full and complete satisfaction of the claims.

The GEM Group

On September 21, 2021, the GEM Group filed an arbitration demand and statement of claim with the American Arbitration Association against Mullen seeking declaratory relief and damages. This matter arises out of an alleged breach of a securities purchase agreement dated November 13, 2020. On January 24, 2024, the arbitrator ordered Mullen to deposit an additional $24,114,921 into escrow on or before March 9, 2024. The Company is immediately filing an action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California contesting the arbitrator’s decision. The Company has also filed an action in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York seeking to void the GEM Group agreements made in violation of the Securities Act dealer registration requirements as GEM Group is not a registered FINRA dealer.

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Mullen Stockholder Litigation

In re Mullen Automotive, Inc. Securities Litigation

On May 5, 2022, Plaintiff Margaret Schaub, a purported stockholder, filed a putative class action complaint in the United States District Court Central District of California against the “Company”, as well as its Chief Executive Officer, David Michery, and the Chief Executive Officer of a predecessor entity, Oleg Firer (the “Schaub Lawsuit”). This lawsuit was brought by Schaub both individually and on behalf of a putative class of the Company’s shareholders, claiming false or misleading statements regarding the Company’s business partnerships, technology, and manufacturing capabilities, and alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. An amended complaint was filed on September 23, 2022. The Schaub Lawsuit seeks to certify a putative class of shareholders, and seeks monetary damages, as well as an award of reasonable fees and expenses.

No loss contingencies have been accrued in respect of this matter as at December 31, 2023, as the Company can reasonably estimate neither probability of the loss, nor their magnitude (if any), based on all available information presently known to management.

Trinon Coleman v. David Michery et al. 

On December 8, 2023, Trinon Coleman, a purported stockholder, filed a shareholder derivative action in the Court of Chancery for the State of Delaware, purportedly in the right and for the benefit of the Company as a nominal defendant, against Mr. Michery, and Company directors Mr. Puckett, Ms. Winter, Mr. Betor, Mr. Miltner, and Mr. New (the “Coleman Lawsuit”).  This lawsuit asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, insider trading, and unjust enrichment primarily in connection with the issues and claims asserted in the Schaub Lawsuit.  The Coleman Lawsuit seeks to direct the Company to improve its corporate governance and internal procedures, and seeks monetary damages and an award of reasonable fees and expenses.

No loss contingencies have been accrued in respect of this matter as at December 31, 2023, as the Company can reasonably estimate neither probability of the loss, nor their magnitude (if any), based on all available information presently known to management.

David Gru v. Mullen Automotive Inc.

On May 12, 2022, David Gru, a purported stockholder, filed a putative class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against the Company, Mr. Michery, and Mr. Firer (the “Gru Lawsuit”). This lawsuit was brought by Gru both individually and on behalf of a putative class of Mullen’s shareholders, claiming false or misleading statements regarding Mullen’s business partnerships, technology, and manufacturing capabilities, and alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5. The Gru Lawsuit sought to declare the action to be a class action, and sought monetary damages, pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, as well as an award of reasonable fees and expenses. On August 4, 2022, the Court consolidated this action into the Schaub Lawsuit, and ordered this action administratively closed.

In re Mullen Automotive, Inc. Derivative Litigation

On August 1, 2022, Jeff Witt and Joseph Birbigalia, purported stockholders, filed a shareholder derivative action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, purportedly in the right and for the benefit of the Company as a nominal defendant, and Mr. Michery, Mr. Firer, and current or former Company directors Ignacio Novoa, Mary Winter, Kent Puckett, Mark Betor, William Miltner and Jonathan New (the “Witt Lawsuit”). The Witt lawsuit asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, waste of corporate assets, and violation of Section

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

14 of the Exchange Act primarily in connection with the issues and claims asserted in the Schaub Lawsuit. The Witt Lawsuit seeks monetary damages, as well as an award of reasonable fees and expenses.

No loss contingencies have been accrued in respect of this matter as at December 31, 2023, as the Company can reasonably estimate neither probability of the loss, nor their magnitude (if any), based on all available information presently known to management.

Hany Morsy v. David Michery, et al.

On September 30, 2022, Hany Morsy, a purported stockholder, filed a shareholder derivative action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, purportedly in the right and for the benefit of the Company as a nominal defendant, against Mr. Michery, Mr. Firer, former Company officer and director, Jerry Alban, and Company directors Mr. Novoa, Ms. Winter, Mr. Puckett, Mr. Betor, Mr. Miltner, and Mr. New (the “Morsy Lawsuit”). This lawsuit asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and violation of Section 14 of the Exchange Act primarily in connection with the issues and claims asserted in the Schaub Lawsuit. The Morsy Lawsuit seeks to direct the Company to improve its corporate governance and internal procedures, and also seeks monetary damages, pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, restitution, and an award of reasonable fees and expenses.

On November 8, 2022, the Court consolidated this matter and the Witt Lawsuit.

Chosten Caris v. David Michery

On April 27, 2023, Chosten Caris, a purported stockholder, filed a complaint against Mr. Michery in the Eighth Judicial Circuit In and For Alachua County, Florida (the “Caris Lawsuit”).  This lawsuit purports to seek damages for claims arising under Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder.  The Caris Lawsuit also seeks punitive damages. On May 17, 2023, Mr. Michery removed the Caris Lawsuit to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida.

No loss contingencies have been accrued in respect of this matter as at December 31, 2023, as the Company can reasonably estimate neither probability of the loss, nor their magnitude (if any), based on all available information presently known to management.

Other contingencies

Accrued debt settlement

As discussed in the Note 7 - Debt, on December 18, 2023, Mullen entered into a Debt Agreement to issue a non-convertible secured promissory note with a principal amount of $50 million, purchased for $32 million, reflecting an $18 million original issue discount. The $18 million original issue discount was considered a settlement cost related to a dispute over financings that occurred during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. The $18 million settlement cost has been accrued as of September 30, 2023 and is included as accrued expenses and other liabilities at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. When the debt is issued, the $18 million liabilities will be reclassified to note payable.

Refund liabilities

As discussed in the Note 3 – Summary of significant accounting policies, the Company’s contract with a certain dealer contains return provision, stating that they may return unsold vehicles after 1 year. Since the Company does not have sufficient relevant statistics of returns yet, we defer revenue recognition until the vehicles have been sold by such dealer or until there is sufficient evidence to justify a reasonable estimate for the amount of consideration to which the Company

41

MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

expects to be entitled. For any amounts received (or receivable) for which the Company does not recognize revenue when it transfers products to customers, a refund liability is recognized. These liabilities are disclosed in the Note 12 – Accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

NOTE 20 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Related Party Receivable

Prior to its spinoff as a separate entity and the closing of the Merger on November 5, 2021, the Company operated as a division of MTI, an entity in which the Company’s CEO had a controlling financial interest and of which he was CEO and Chairman. Subsequent to the spinoff transaction and Merger on November 5, 2021, the Company processed and disbursed payroll and related compensation benefits for 11 employees that provided services only to MTI and rent costs for facilities utilized by MTI pursuant to a Transition Services Agreement (“TSA”). The terms of the TSA required MTI to repay monthly the amounts advanced by the Company, with penalties calculated at the lower of the prime rate plus 1% or the maximum rate under applicable law charged on the unpaid amounts. The terms of the TSA did not provide for any other payment processing service fee from MTI to the Company except the interest fee on overdue advance balances.

On March 31, 2023, the Company converted approximately $1.4 million of these advances to MTI to a note receivable from MTI. The note bore interest at 10% per year and would mature on March 31, 2025 with a default rate of 15% per annum. By the end of the 2023 fiscal year, the note principal had been increased by additional $0.4 million. The Company incurred approximately $2.5 million and $2.1 million of disbursements on behalf of MTI, and charged penalties and interest in amount of approximately $238 thousand and $179 thousand, by December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. No amounts have been collected for the funds advanced through December 31, 2023. Remaining advances, note and interest receivable as at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are presented within non-current assets of the consolidated condensed balance sheets.

On January 16, 2023, the Company terminated the TSA with MTI, and received cash from MTI in full settlement of all then receivable amounts outstanding (refer to Note 22 - Subsequent events).

Director Provided Services

For the three months ended December 31, 2023, our non-employee directors have earned compensation for service on our Board of Directors and Committees of our Board of Directors in amount of $118,250 in cash and $150,000 in shares of common stock. In addition, the following non-employee directors were engaged in certain other consulting contracts with the Company:

William Miltner

William Miltner is a litigation attorney who provides legal services to Mullen Automotive and its subsidiaries. Mr. Miltner also is an elected Director for the Company, beginning his term in August 2021. For the three months ending December 31, 2023, Mr. Miltner received $14,500 for services rendered. Mr. Miltner has been providing legal services to us since 2020.

Mary Winter

On October 26, 2021, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Mary Winter, Corporate Secretary and Director, to compensate for Corporate Secretary Services and director responsibilities for the period from October 1, 2021

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

to December 31, 2023, in the amount of $5,000 per month. For the 3 months ended December 31, 2023, Ms. Winter is entitled to $15,000 in consulting fees.

NOTE 21 – SEGMENT INFORMATION

Our CEO and Chairman of the Board, as the chief operating decision maker, makes decisions about resources to be acquired, allocated and utilized to each operating segment. The Company is currently comprised of 2 major operating segments:

● Bollinger. The Company acquired the controlling interest of Bollinger Motors Inc. (60%) on September 7, 2022. This acquisition positions Mullen into the medium duty truck classes 4-6, along with the Sport Utility and Pick Up Trucks EV segments.

● Mullen/ELMS. By November 30, 2022, Mullen acquired ELMS’ manufacturing plant in Mishawaka Indiana and all the intellectual property needed to engineer and build Class 1 and Class 3 electric vehicles.

All long-lived assets of the Company are located in the United States of America.

The table below represents main financial information pertaining to the segments (there were no material differences from the last annual report in the basis of segmentation or in the basis of measurement of segment profit or loss).

Segment reporting for the 3 months ended December 31, 2023
	Bollinger		Mullen/ELMS		Total
Revenues	$	—	$	—	$	—
Segment's net loss before income taxes		(8,223,042)		(57,496,575)		(65,719,617)
Total segment assets		158,619,890		222,556,630		381,176,520
Segment reporting for the 3 months ended December 31, 2022
	Bollinger		Mullen/ELMS		Total
Revenues	$	—	$	—	$	—
Segment's net loss before income taxes		(3,897,767)		(375,056,632)		(378,954,399)
Total segment assets		255,966,515		184,985,524		440,952,039

NOTE 22 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Company management has evaluated subsequent events through February 13, 2024, which is the date these financial statements were available to be issued. Except as discussed below, management has determined that there were no subsequent events which required recognition, adjustment to or disclosure in the financial statements:

Continued NASDAQ listing

On October 26, 2023, Mullen received approval from the Nasdaq Hearings Panel to continue its listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. This decision was subject to two conditions:

1. By January 22, 2024, Mullen must demonstrate a closing bid price of $1 per share for 20 consecutive trading sessions to comply with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).

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MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2. By March 8, 2024, the Company needs to hold an annual shareholder meeting, satisfying Listing Rule 5620(a), which requires providing stockholders an opportunity to discuss company affairs with management.

On January 24, 2024, the Company received formal notice from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC confirming the Company has regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).  

Mullen has scheduled its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on February 29, 2024 to regain compliance with the annual shareholder meeting requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5620(a).

Repayment of related party receivables

On January 16, 2024, the Company terminated the Transition Services Agreement between the Company and Mullen Technologies, Inc., and received cash payment in full settlement of all amounts outstanding (including outstanding notes receivable, advances and related interest and penalties) of approximately $2.7 million (refer to Note 20 – Related party transactions).

Repayment of Promissory Note

The Promissory Note issued to NuBridge Commercial Lending LLC for a principal amount of $5 million (with carrying amount, net of debt discount, of approximately $4.9 million as of December 31, 2023 - see Note 7 - Debt) was repaid by the Company on January 31, 2024, further reducing the overall debt of the Company to approximately $2.7 million.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis is intended to help the reader understand Mullen’s results of operations and financial condition. You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our audited financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Report.

In connection with the Merger Agreement (as defined below), and as disclosed in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 12, 2021, our fiscal year end changed from December 31 to September 30, effective for our fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. As a result, and unless otherwise indicated, references to our fiscal year 2023 and prior years mean the fiscal year ended on September 30 of such year.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the words “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “potential,” “projects,” “predicts,” “continue,” or “should,” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. There can be no assurance that actual results will not materially differ from expectations. The forward-looking statements contained in this Report are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. Future developments affecting us may not be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control), and other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under the section titled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A above. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation (and expressly disclaim any obligation) to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. These risks and others described under the section titled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A above may not be exhaustive. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Report. In addition, even if our results or operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Report, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated condensed financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries Mullen Investment Properties LLC, a Mississippi corporation, Ottava Automotive, Inc., a California corporation, Mullen Real Estate, LLC, a Delaware corporation, as well as a 60%-owned subsidiary Bollinger Motors Inc., a Delaware corporation. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated, if any. The financial statements reflect the consolidated condensed financial position and results of operations of Mullen, which have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States. The operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.

Components of Results of Operations

We are an early-stage company, and our historical results may not be indicative of our future results for reasons that may be difficult to anticipate. Accordingly, the drivers of our future financial results, as well as the components of such results, may not be comparable to our historical or projected results of operations.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 to the Three Months Ended December 31, 2022

The following table sets forth our historical operating results for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	December 31,
	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
	(dollar amounts, except percentages)
Operating expenses:
General and administrative		43,234,052		64,996,011		(21,761,959)	33	%
Research and development		16,169,967		8,622,009		7,547,958	(88)	%
Loss from Operations	$	(59,404,019)	$	(73,618,020)	$	14,214,001	(19)	%
Other income (expense):
Other financing costs - initial recognition of derivative liabilities		—		(255,960,025)		255,960,025	100	%
Loss on derivative liability revaluation		(6,728,981)		(40,781,976)		34,052,995	84	%
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net		—		(6,412,170)		6,412,170	100	%
Gain on sale of fixed assets		75,990		—		75,990	100	%
Gain on lease termination		50,000		—		50,000	100	%
Interest expense		(258,023)		(2,828,089)		2,570,066	91	%
Other income, net		545,416		645,881		(100,465)	16	%
Net loss before income tax benefit	$	(65,719,617)	$	(378,954,399)	$	313,234,782	83	%
Income tax benefit		1,726,238		493,654		1,232,584	250	%
Net loss	$	(63,993,379)	$	(378,460,745)	$	314,467,366	83	%
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		(2,598,481)		(2,184,959)		(413,522)	(19)	%
Net loss attributable to stockholders	$	(61,394,898)	$	(376,275,786)	$	314,880,888	84	%
Accrued accumulated preferred dividends		(21,303)		(638,677)		617,374	97	%
Net loss attributable to common stockholders after preferred dividends	$	(61,416,201)	$	(376,914,463)	$	315,498,262	84	%

Revenues

We are a development stage company and have only recently started to generate notable revenues. As we expand production and commercialization of vehicles, we expect the majority of our revenue to be derived from sales of commercial vehicles. We are planning to ramp up production and reach sufficient revenue levels in subsequent periods – primarily from sales of Commercial Delivery Vehicles (Class 1 – 6). As we continue to develop our product line, we expect additional revenue streams in the future, also from the sales of Sport Utility Vehicles ("SUVs") and the flexible leasing of our electric vehicles ("EVs").

In accordance with accounting standards, we recognize revenue from the sale of electric vehicles upon transfer of control to a customer. In general, the control is transferred at the point of delivery to the customer but certain contracts with our dealers contain a return provision, stating that they may return unsold vehicles after 1 year. Since the Company does not have sufficient relevant statistics of returns yet, we defer revenue recognition until the vehicles have been sold by such dealer or until there is sufficient evidence to justify a reasonable estimate for consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. Payments from customers are generally expected to be received within 30-60 days after delivery.

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The tables below disclose information on deliveries of vehicles, revenue recognized, and payments received from our customers over the recent periods.

	Invoiced during the year ended September 30, 2023
#	Type	Units Invoiced	Amount invoiced		Cash received		Revenue recognized
1	Urban Delivery -UD0	25		366,000		366,000		366,000
2	Mullen 3 -UU	10		652,200		652,200		—
	Total	35	$	1,018,200	$	1,018,200	$	366,000
	Invoiced during the quarter ended December 31, 2023
#	Type	Units Invoiced		Amount invoiced	Cash received			Revenue recognized
1	Mullen 3 -UU	131		8,543,820		—		—
2	Urban Delivery -UD1	100		3,363,500		—		—
	Total	231	$	11,907,320	$	—	$	—

Cost of Goods Sold

Costs of goods sold primarily includes vehicle components and parts, labor costs, amortized tooling costs, provisions for estimated warranty expenses, and other relevant costs associated with the production of our vehicles.

Research and Development 

Research and development expenses increased by approximately $7.5 million or 88% from approximately $8.6 million through the three months ended December 31, 2022, to approximately $16.2 million through the three months ended December 31, 2023. Research and development expenses are primarily comprised of external fees and internal costs for engineering, homologation, prototyping costs and other expenses related to preparation to mass-production of electric vehicles such as Mullen Five EV, Mullen One EV cargo van, etc.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses include all non-production expenses incurred by us in any given period. This includes expenses such as professional fees, salaries, rent, repairs and maintenance, utilities and office expense, employee benefits, depreciation and amortization, advertising and marketing, settlements and penalties, taxes, licenses and other expenses. We expense advertising costs as incurred. General and administrative expenses decreased by approximately $21.8 million or 33% from approximately $65.0 million in the three months ended December 31, 2022, to approximately $43.2 million in the three months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to decreases in compensation to employees, depreciation expense, and lease expense offset by increases in professional fees, utilities, office expense, advertising and promotions expenses. 

Other losses

The line item “Other financing costs - initial recognition of derivative liabilities” in the three months ended December 31, 2023 is zero versus the three months ended December 31, 2022 when it amounted to approximately $256 million. Similarly, the derivative liability revaluation loss has decreased by 84% from $40.8 million to $6.7 million. These changes are due to the fact that no additional warrants or convertible notes were issued during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and the monetary value of relevant obligations has significantly decreased in comparison to the three months ended December 31, 2022 (see Notes 7 and 8 to the financial statements).

Interest Expense

Interest expense decreased by approximately $2.6 million, or 91%, from approximately $2.8 million through the three months ended December 31, 2022, to approximately $0.3 million through the three months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to a decrease in convertible debt that has was fully converted in March, 2023.

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Net Loss

The net loss attributable to common stockholders (after preferred dividends) was approximately $61.4 million, or $15.32 net loss per share, for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to a net loss attributable to common stockholders after preferred dividends of approximately $376.9 million, or $6,233.08 loss per share, for the three months ended December 31, 2022 (giving effect to reverse stock splits, see below).

Operating segments

The Company is currently comprised of 2 major operating segments:

● Bollinger Motors. The Company acquired the controlling interest of Bollinger Motors Inc. (60%) on September 7, 2022. This acquisition positions Mullen into the medium duty truck classes 4-6, along with the Sport Utility and Pick Up Trucks EV segments.

● Mullen/ELMS. By November 30, 2022, Mullen acquired ELMS’ manufacturing plant in Mishawaka Indiana and all the intellectual property needed to engineer and build Class 1 and Class 3 electric vehicles.

Reverse Stock Splits and NASDAQ listing rules compliance

During the calendar year ended December 31, 2023 we have completed 3 reverse stock splits in order to regain compliance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). In May 2023, we completed a 1-for-25 reverse split of our outstanding shares of common stock. In August 2023, we completed a 1-for-9 reverse split of our outstanding shares of common stock. The last 1-for-100 reverse stock split was effectuated in December 2023.

On January 24, 2024, the Company received formal notice from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC confirming the Company has regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).  

Mullen has scheduled its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on February 29, 2024 to regain compliance with the annual shareholder meeting requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5620(a).

Liquidity and Capital Resources

To date, we have yet to generate any significant revenue from our business operations. We have funded our capital expenditure and working capital requirements through the sale of equity securities, as further discussed below. Our ability to successfully expand our business will depend on many factors, including our working capital needs, the availability of equity or debt financing and, over time, our ability to generate cash flows from operations.

The Company's principal source of liquidity consists of existing cash and restricted cash of approximately $88.9 million as of December 31, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company used approximately $59.9 million of cash for operating activities. The net working capital on December 31, 2023 amounted to approximately $47.1 million, or approximately $79.3 million after excluding derivative liabilities and liabilities to issue stock that are supposed to be settled by issuing common stock without using cash. For the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company has incurred a net loss of $64 million and, as of December 31, 2023, our accumulated deficit was $1,923.6 million.

The Company is evaluating strategies to obtain the required additional funding for future operations. These strategies may include, but are not limited to, obtaining equity financing, issuing debt, or entering other financing arrangements, and restructuring of operations to grow revenues and decrease expenses. However, given the impact of the economic downturn on the U.S. and global financial markets, the Company may be unable to access further equity or debt financing when needed. As such, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional liquidity when needed or under acceptable terms, if at all.

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Despite these efforts, there can be no assurance that our plans will be successful in alleviating the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. These financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty, such as the potential need to liquidate assets, restructure operations, or make other significant changes to the business model.

COVID-19

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a material impact on our operating results. The Company has not observed any impairments of its assets or a significant change in the fair value of its assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At this time, it is not possible for the Company to predict the duration or magnitude of the adverse results of the outbreak and its effects on the Company’s business or results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity.

Debt

To date, our current working capital and development needs have been primarily funded through the issuance of convertible indebtedness, convertible preferred stock and common stock. Debt comprises an insignificant component of our funding needs.

The short-term debt classification primarily is based upon loans due within twelve-months from the balance sheet date, in addition to loans that have matured and remain unpaid. Management plans to renegotiate matured loans with creditors for favorable terms, such as reduce interest rate, extend maturities, or both; however, there is no guarantee favorable terms will be reached. Until negotiations with creditors are resolved, these matured loans remain outstanding and will be classified within short-term debt on the balance sheet. Interest and fees on loans are being accounted for within accrued interest.

The following is a summary of our debt as of December 31, 2023:

	Net Carrying Value
	Unpaid Principal						Contractual		Contractual
Type of Debt	Balance		Current		Long-Term		Interest Rate		Maturity
Matured notes	$	2,398,881	$	2,398,881	$	—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2019 - 2021
Real estate note		5,000,000		5,000,000		—	8.99	%	2024
Loan advances		332,800		332,800		—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2016 - 2018
Less: debt discount		(109,525)		(109,525)		—
Total Debt	$	7,622,156	$	7,622,156	$	—

The Promissory Note issued to NuBridge Commercial Lending LLC for a principal amount of $5 million (with carrying amount, net of debt discount, of approximately $4.9 million as of December 31, 2023) was repaid by the Company on January 31, 2024, further reducing the overall debt of the Company to approximately $2.7 million.

Cash Flows

The following table provides a summary of our cash flow data for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended December 31,
Net cash provided by (used in):	2023		2022
Operating activities	$	(59,891,553)	$	(33,227,692)
Investing activities		(6,865,681)		(93,718,182)
Financing activities		—		150,000,000

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Cash Flows used in Operating Activities

Our cash flow used in operating activities to date has been primarily comprised of costs related to research and development, payroll and other general and administrative activities. As we continue to ramp up hiring ahead of starting commercial operations, we expect our cash used in operating activities to increase before we start to generate any material cash flow from our business.

Net cash used in operating activities was $59.9 million in the three months ended December 31, 2023, an 80% increase from $33.2 million net cash used during the three months ended December 31, 2022.

Cash Flows used in Investing Activities

Our cash flows used in investing activities, to date, have been comprised mainly of purchases of equipment.

Net cash used in investing activities was $6.9 million in the three months ended December 31, 2023, a 93% decrease from $93.7 million used in investing activities the three months ended December 31, 2022. The primary factor of the change was the ELMS assets acquisition during the three months ended December 31, 2022.

Cash Flows provided by Financing Activities

Through December 31, 2023, we have financed our operations primarily through the issuance of convertible notes and equity securities.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.0 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $150 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022, when we issued convertible notes in lieu of preferred shares.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following tables summarizes our contractual obligations and other commitments for cash expenditures as of December 31, 2023, and the years in which these obligations are due:

Operating Lease Commitments

	Scheduled
Years Ended September 30,	Payments
2024 (9 months)	$	2,276,166
2025		5,498,855
2026		4,044,143
2027		3,962,569
2028		3,728,589
Thereafter		1,874,007
Total Future Minimum Lease Payments	$	21,384,329

Non-convertible secured promissory note

On December 18, 2023, Mullen entered into a Debt Agreement to issue a non-convertible secured promissory note (the “Note”) with a principal amount of $50 million, purchased for $32 million, reflecting an $18 million original issue discount. The Note, which does not include conversion rights, stock, warrants, or other securities, aims to raise capital for the Company's manufacturing operations. The issuance of this non-convertible Note is scheduled for the first trading day when all closing conditions are met. By February 12, 2024, the loan has not been received. The $18 million original issue discount was considered a settlement cost related to a dispute over financings that occurred during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. The $18 million settlement cost has been accrued as of September 30, 2023 and is included as accrued

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expenses and other liabilities at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. When the debt is issued the $18 million will be reclassified to note payable.

The Note will incur 10% annual interest, escalating to 18% post-Event of Default. It matures three months post-issuance. The Note's terms allow for accelerated repayment upon default, requiring the Company to pay the principal, accrued interest, and other due amounts. The Note is secured by the Company’s assets and imposes restrictions on the Company, limiting additional debt, asset liens, stock repurchases, outstanding debt repayment, and affiliate transactions, except for specified exceptions. It mandates prepayment of the principal from net proceeds of any subsequent financing.

Scheduled Debt Maturities

The following are scheduled debt maturities as of December 31, 2023:

	Year Ended September 30,
	2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total
Total Debt	$	7,622,156	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,622,156

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under SEC rules.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In the preparation of these financial statements, our management is required to use judgment in making estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Management considers an accounting judgment, estimate or assumption to be critical when (1) the estimate or assumption is complex in nature or requires a high degree of judgment and (2) the use of different judgments, estimates and assumptions could have a material impact on the consolidated condensed financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 3 to the consolidated condensed financial statements. Management believes none of the accounting policies and estimates are considered critical for the preparation of these consolidated condensed financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting standard updates issued but not yet effective were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated condensed financial statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Not Applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (“DCP”) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed by us under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, is: (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and (b) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

We conducted an evaluation pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our DCP as of December 31, 2023, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our

51

Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our DCP were not effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2023 because of material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting described below.  

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. In conducting our annual review of our internal control over financial reporting for the year ended September 30, 2023, we identified the following material weaknesses described below.

● Based on management’s review of key accounting and information technology policies and procedures, we have determined that although such policies and procedures exist, they are not all formalized in a written procedure format that is up to date.

● As a result of absence of formalized review of key controls across several business processes and/or insufficiently formalized documentation evidencing such review, management’s ability to evaluate the design and monitor the effective operation of these preventative and detective internal controls is limited. Accordingly, management’s ability to timely detect, prevent and remediate deficiencies and potential risks has been assessed as inadequate.

● The Company identified certain design deficiencies in its management and analytical review controls associated with the financial close process. These deficiencies, individually or in the aggregate, combined with inadequate compensating controls, created a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement to the consolidated condensed financial statements might not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

● The Company lacks in-house accounting expertise to identify rights and obligations reflected in non-standard agreements, requiring specialized accounting for complex transactions.

● The Company’s internal control system as well as disclosure controls and procedures failed to ensure the Company properly presents certain related party disclosures in the financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2022, as discussed in the Note 20 to the financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2023.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, these control deficiencies did not result in identified material misstatements in our consolidated condensed financial statements; however, the control deficiencies described above created a more than remote possibility that a material misstatement in the consolidated condensed financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Therefore, our management concluded that the deficiencies represent material weaknesses.

Based on the performance of additional procedures by management designed to ensure reliability of financial reporting, the Company’s management has concluded that, notwithstanding the material weaknesses described above, the consolidated condensed financial statements, included in this Form 10-Q, fairly present, in all material respects, the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows as of the dates, and for the periods presented, in conformity with U.S. GAAP.

Remediation Efforts to Address the Material Weaknesses

While the Company has significantly improved its internal control over financial reporting, the material weaknesses remain un-remediated as of December 31, 2023, and the Company’s remediation efforts will continue to take place in 2024.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the management continued implementing actions in accordance with the remediation plan, including:

● Improvement of accounting policies and procedures.

● Development of systems and IT tools to enable the effectiveness and consistent execution of controls over timely and accurate accounting for certain transactions.

52

● Consulting with independent accounting firm on accounting and valuation matters.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The following changes in internal control took place during the three months ended December 31, 2023 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting:

● In the fourth quarter of the year ended September 30, 2022, the Company acquired a controlling interest (60%) in a substantial subsidiary, Bollinger Motors, Inc. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, as part of our ongoing integration activities, management has been considering the controls design to be incorporated into this business concurrent with the augmentation of our Company-wide controls.

● During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company started considerable production and sales activities and is implementing internal control procedures related to ASC 606.

● Management of the Company has launched a substantial upgrade of information systems to implement a new enterprise resource planning system (SAP) that is expected to go live in April, 2024.

In addition to the remedial actions taken to date, the Company is considering the full extent of the procedures to implement in order to remediate the material weaknesses described above. Currently, the remediation plan includes:

● Revising and enhancing effectiveness of the controls put in place during previous periods, including those mentioned above.

● Continuing to implement processes and controls to better manage and monitor our financial reporting risks, including enhancing the usage of technology and tools.

● Continuing professional training and education on accounting subjects for accounting staff.

● Enhancing management review controls related to our financial statement close and financial reporting involving estimates, judgments, and assumptions.

● Augmenting the design of the financial statement closing and financial reporting process including documentation of accounting treatment of significant and unusual transactions.

The actions that we are taking are subject to ongoing management review and audit committee oversight. We believe these measures will aid to remediate the control deficiencies that gave rise to the material weaknesses, but the material weaknesses will not be considered fully remediated until controls have been designed and implemented for a sufficient period of time, and properly tested for our management to conclude that the control environment is operating effectively.

We are committed to continuing to improve our internal control processes, and, as we continue to evaluate and work to improve our internal control over financial reporting, we may take additional measures to address control deficiencies, or we may modify certain of the remediation measures described above.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and processes as well as internal control over financial reporting, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and implemented, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Because of its inherent limitations, any internal control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain judgments and assumptions, and cannot provide absolute assurance that its objectives will be met. Similarly, an evaluation of controls cannot provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future

53

periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business, to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or of which any of their property is the subject, are described in the “Note 19 - Contingencies and Claims” of the notes to the consolidated condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the information set forth in this Report, you should read and consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, for the year ended September 30, 2023 which could materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results of operation. The risks described in such report are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may eventually prove to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and/or future operating results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Director and Officer Trading Arrangements

None of the Company's directors or executive officers adopted, modified, or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the Company's quarter ended December 30, 2023.

54

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Certificate of Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation filed on December 20, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed with the SEC on December 21, 2023)
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws, as November 30, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on January 17, 2024)
10.1	Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 18, 2023, by and among Mullen Automotive Inc. and the purchaser named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on December 22, 2023)
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL Document and include in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith (furnished herewith with respect to Exhibit 32.1).

55

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Mullen Automotive Inc.
February 13, 2024		By:	/s/ David Michery
			David Michery
			Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer and duly authorized officer)
			/s/ Jonathan New
			Jonathan New Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

56

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CEO Certification

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, David Michery, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Mullen Automotive Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:February 13, 2024By:/s/ David Michery​ ​​ ​

David Michery

Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CFO Certification

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Jonathan New, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Mullen Automotive Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:February 13, 2024By:/s/ Jonathan New​ ​​ ​​ ​

Jonathan New

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2023 of Mullen Automotive Inc. (the “Company”) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned, in the capacities and on the dates indicated below, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the periods presented in the Report.

By:/s/  David Michery​ ​​ ​

David Michery

Chief Executive Officer

February 13, 2024

By:/s/  Jonathan New​ ​​ ​​ ​

Jonathan New

Chief Financial Officer

February 13, 2024

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 09, 2024
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-34887
Entity Registrant Name	MULLEN AUTOMOTIVE INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	86-3289406
Entity Address, Address Line One	1405 Pioneer Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Brea
Entity Address State Or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92821
City Area Code	714
Local Phone Number	613-1900
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.001
Trading Symbol	MULN
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		6,552,470
Entity Central Index Key	0001499961
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 81,512,264	$ 155,267,098
Restricted cash	7,426,972	429,372
Accounts receivable		671,750
Inventory	30,719,529	16,807,013
Prepaid expenses and prepaid inventories	23,863,455	24,955,223
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS	143,522,220	198,130,456
Property, plant, and equipment, net	86,916,241	82,032,785
Intangible assets, net	103,569,927	104,235,249
Related party receivable	2,733,998	2,250,489
Right-of-use assets	13,400,598	5,249,417
Goodwill, net	28,846,832	28,846,832
Other non-current assets	2,186,704	960,502
TOTAL ASSETS	381,176,520	421,705,730
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	15,458,604	13,175,504
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	38,166,937	41,201,929
Dividends payable	423,163	401,859
Derivative liabilities	20,714,620	64,863,309
Liability to issue shares	11,489,068	9,935,950
Lease liabilities, current portion	2,137,882	2,134,494
Notes payable, current portion	7,622,156	7,461,492
Refundable deposits	426,972	429,372
Other current liabilities		7,000
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES	96,439,402	139,610,909
Liability to issue shares, net of current portion	1,527,153	1,827,889
Lease liabilities, net of current portion	9,230,806	3,566,922
Deferred tax liability	2,165,062	3,891,900
TOTAL LIABILITIES	109,362,423	148,897,620
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 19)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock, Value
Common stock; $0.001 par value; 5,000,000,000 and 5,000,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively; 5,884,691 and 2,871,707 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 respectively (*)	5,885	2,872
Additional paid-in capital (*)	2,134,106,479	2,071,110,126
Accumulated deficit	(1,923,556,935)	(1,862,162,037)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY'S STOCKHOLDERS	210,557,005	208,952,537
Noncontrolling interest	61,257,092	63,855,573
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	271,814,097	272,808,110
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	381,176,520	421,705,730
Series D Preferred Stock
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Dividends payable	400,000
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock, Value	363	363
Series C Preferred Stock
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock, Value	1,212	1,212
Series A Preferred Stock
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock, Value	$ 1	$ 1

XML

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Preferred Stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred Stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common Stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common Stock, shares authorized	5,000,000,000	5,000,000,000
Common Stock, shares issued	5,884,691	2,871,707
Common Stock, shares outstanding	5,884,691	2,871,707
Series D Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock, shares authorized	437,500,001	437,500,001
Preferred Stock, shares issued	363,097	363,097
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	363,097	363,097
Preferred Stock, preference in liquidation	$ 159,000	$ 159,000
Series C Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock, shares authorized	40,000,000	40,000,000
Preferred Stock, shares issued	1,211,757	1,211,757
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	1,211,757	1,211,757
Preferred Stock, preference in liquidation	$ 10,696,895	$ 10,696,895
Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock, shares authorized	200,000	200,000
Preferred Stock, shares issued	648	648
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	648	648
Preferred Stock, preference in liquidation	$ 836	$ 836

XML

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	$ 43,234,052	$ 64,996,011
Research and development	16,169,967	8,622,009
Loss from operations	(59,404,019)	(73,618,020)
Other income (expense):
Other financing costs - initial recognition of derivative liabilities		(255,960,025)
Loss on derivative liability revaluation	(6,728,981)	(40,781,976)
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net		(6,412,170)
Gain on sale of fixed assets	75,990
Gain on lease termination	50,000
Interest expense	(258,023)	(2,828,089)
Other income (expense), net	545,416	645,881
Net loss before income tax benefit	(65,719,617)	(378,954,399)
Income tax benefit/ (provision)	1,726,238	493,654
Net loss	(63,993,379)	(378,460,745)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(2,598,481)	(2,184,959)
Net loss attributable to stockholders	(61,394,898)	(376,275,786)
Accrued accumulated preferred dividends	(21,303)	(638,677)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders after preferred dividends	$ (61,416,201)	$ (376,914,463)
Net Loss per Share, basic	$ (15.32)	$ (6,233.08)
Net Loss per share, diluted	$ (15.32)	$ (6,233.08)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic	4,007,791	60,470
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	4,007,791	60,470

XML

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)	Preferred Stock Series A Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series C Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series D Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Non-controlling Interest	Total
Balance, beginning at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 2	$ 1,360	$ 4,359	$ 5,721	$ 37	$ 948,598,587	$ (889,907,455)	$ 98,259,819	$ 156,956,709
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	1,924	1,360,321	4,359,652	5,721,897	37,043
Share based compensation					$ 5	30,267,655			30,267,660
Share-based compensation (in shares)					5,062
Shares issued to extinguish penalty					$ 1	5,519,999			5,520,000
Shares issued to extinguish penalty (in shares)					1,022
Cashless warrant exercise					$ 16	110,327,225			110,327,241
Cashless warrant exercise (in shares)					15,891
Surplus common stock issued on cashless warrant exercise					$ 3	26,735,475			26,735,478
Surplus common stock issued on cashless warrant exercise (in shares)					3,499
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock		$ (150)	$ (3,997)	$ (4,147)		4,147			0
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock (in shares)		(150,265)	(3,996,554)	(4,146,819)	184
Dividends accumulated on preferred stock						(638,677)			(638,677)
Other transactions						(3,122,227)			(3,122,227)
Shares issued to settle note payable					$ 3	13,736,400			13,736,403
Shares issued to settle note payable (in shares)					2,758
Shares issued for convertible notes					$ 10	59,402,866			59,402,876
Shares issued for convertible notes (in shares)					9,815
Preferred shares issued to officers						25,000			25,000
Preferred shares issued to officers (in shares)				1
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest								(2,184,959)	(2,184,959)
Net Income (Loss)							(376,275,786)		(376,275,786)
Balance, ending at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 2	$ 1,210	$ 363	$ 1,575	$ 75	1,190,856,449	(1,266,183,241)	96,074,860	20,749,719
Balance, ending (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	1,924	1,210,056	363,098	1,575,079	75,274
Balance, beginning at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 1	$ 1,212	$ 363	$ 1,576	$ 2,872	2,071,110,126	(1,862,162,037)	63,855,573	272,808,110
Balance, beginning (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	648	1,211,757	363,097	1,575,502	2,871,707
Share based compensation					$ 672	12,142,328			12,143,000
Share-based compensation (in shares)					671,798
Cashless warrant exercise					$ 2,020	50,875,649			50,877,669
Cashless warrant exercise (in shares)					2,020,152
Dividends accumulated on preferred stock						(21,303)			(21,303)
Shares issued to avoid fractional shares on reverse stock split					$ 321	(321)
Shares issued to avoid fractional shares on reverse stock split (in shares)					321,034
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest								(2,598,481)	(2,598,481)
Net Income (Loss)							(61,394,898)		(61,394,898)
Balance, ending at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 1	$ 1,212	$ 363	$ 1,576	$ 5,885	$ 2,134,106,479	$ (1,923,556,935)	$ 61,257,092	$ 271,814,097
Balance, ending (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	648	1,211,757	363,097	1,575,502	5,884,691

XML

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (63,993,379)	$ (378,460,745)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation	13,903,416	40,753,410
Revaluation of derivative liabilities	6,728,981	40,781,976
Depreciation and amortization	4,343,960	4,794,327
Amortization of debt discount	160,664	74,577
Deferred income taxes	(1,726,238)	(493,654)
Other gains	(125,990)
Other financing costs - initial recognition of derivative liabilities		255,960,025
Gain on conversion of derivative liabilities to common stock		(9,965,728)
Non-cash financing loss on over-exercise of warrants		8,934,892
Loss on extinguishment of debt		6,412,171
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	671,750
Inventories	(13,912,516)
Prepaids and other assets	(1,781,132)	(8,457,324)
Accounts payable	1,317,232	7,724,852
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(3,044,392)	(1,576,292)
Right of use assets and lease liabilities	(2,433,909)	289,821
Net cash used in operating activities	(59,891,553)	(33,227,692)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of equipment	(6,865,681)	(726,482)
Purchase of intangible assets		(74,826)
ELMS assets purchase		(92,916,874)
Net cash used in investing activities	(6,865,681)	(93,718,182)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable		150,000,000
Net cash provided by financing activities		150,000,000
Change in cash	(66,757,234)	23,054,126
Cash and restricted cash (in amount of $429,372), beginning of period	155,696,470	84,375,085
Cash and restricted cash (in amount of $7,426,972), ending of period	88,939,236	107,429,211
Supplemental disclosure of Cash Flow information:
Cash paid for interest		3,056
Supplemental Disclosure for Non-Cash Activities:
Exercise of warrants recognized earlier as liabilities	50,877,669	84,799,179
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange of operating lease liabilities	$ 8,932,159
Convertible notes and interest - conversion to common stock		59,402,877
Debt conversion to common stock		$ 1,096,787

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CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Restricted cash	$ 7,426,972	$ 429,372

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DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

NOTE 1 –DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Description of Business

Mullen Automotive Inc., a Delaware corporation (“MAI”, “Mullen”, “we” or the “Company”), is a Southern California-based development-stage electric vehicle company that operates in various verticals of businesses focused within the automotive industry.

Mullen Automotive Inc., a California corporation (“Previous Mullen”), was originally formed on April 20 2010, as a developer and manufacturer of electric vehicle technology and operated as the Electric Vehicle (“EV”) division of Mullen Technologies, Inc. (“MTI”) until November 5, 2021, at which time Previous Mullen underwent a capitalization and corporate reorganization by way of a spin-off to its shareholders, followed by a reverse merger with and into Net Element, Inc., which was accounted for as a reverse merger transaction, in which Previous Mullen was treated as the acquirer for financial accounting purposes. (the “Merger”).  The Company changed its name from “Net Element, Inc.” to “Mullen Automotive Inc” and the Nasdaq ticker symbol for the Company’s common stock changed from “NETE” to “MULN” on the Nasdaq Capital Market at the opening of trading on November 5, 2021.

Mullen is building and delivering the newest generation of commercial trucks. We also have a portfolio of high-performance passenger vehicles in various stages of product development for launch in subsequent years.

Acquisition of controlling interest in Bollinger Motors, Inc. in September 2022 positioned Mullen into the medium duty truck classes 4-6, along with the Sport Utility and Pick Up Trucks EV segments. First Bollinger class 4 trucks are expected to be sold in late 2024.

In October 2022, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court approved acquisition of ELMS’ (Electric Last Mile Solutions) assets in an all-cash purchase. With this transaction, Mullen acquired ELMS’ manufacturing plant in Mishawaka, Indiana and all the intellectual property needed to engineer and build Class 1 and Class 3 electric vehicles. First vehicles produced in our Tunica, Mississippi plant were delivered to customers during August, 2023.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries Mullen Investment Properties LLC, a Mississippi corporation, Ottava Automotive, Inc., a California corporation, Mullen Real Estate, LLC, a Delaware corporation, Mullen Advanced Energy Operations, LLC, a California corporation as well as a 60%-owned subsidiary Bollinger Motors Inc., a Delaware corporation. Intercompany accounts and transactions, if any, have been eliminated. Noncontrolling interest presented in these consolidated condensed financial statements relates to the portion of equity (net assets) in subsidiaries not attributable, directly or indirectly, to Mullen. Net income or loss are allocated to noncontrolling interests by multiplying the relative ownership interest of the noncontrolling interest holders for the period by the net income or loss of the entity to which the noncontrolling interest relates.

These unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements are prepared in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The consolidated condensed financial statements include all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments and transactions or events discretely impacting the interim periods, considered necessary by management to fairly state our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. The operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. These consolidated condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with

the audited consolidated condensed financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023. Certain columns and rows may not add due to rounding.

Reverse Stock Splits

In January 2023, the Company’s stockholders, in an effort for the Company to regain compliance with NASDAQ listing rules, approved a proposal to authorize the Board of the Company (the “Board”) to implement a reverse stock split of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock at a ratio up to 1-for-25. Pursuant to such authority granted by the Company’s stockholders, the Board approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a rate of 1-for-25 shares of common stock, which resulted in a reduction in the number of outstanding shares of common stock and a proportionate increase in the value of each share. The common stock began trading on a reverse split-adjusted basis on the NASDAQ on May 4, 2023.

In August 2023, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal to authorize the Board to implement a second reverse stock split of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock at a ratio up to 1-for-100. Pursuant to such authority granted by the Company’s stockholders, the Board approved a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a rate of 1-for-9 shares of common stock, which resulted in a reduction in the number of outstanding shares of common stock and a proportionate increase in the value of each share. The common stock began trading on a reverse split-adjusted basis on the NASDAQ on August 11, 2023.

In December 2023, the stockholders approved a proposal to authorize a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio within the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-100, as determined by the Board of the Company. The Board approved a 1-for-100 reverse stock split effective on December 21, 2023. As a result of the reverse stock split, every 100 shares of the Company’s pre-reverse stock split common stock combined and automatically became 1 share of common stock.

As a result of the reverse stock splits, the number of shares of common stock that can be issued upon exercise of warrants, preferred stock, and other convertible securities, as well as any commitments to issue securities, that provide for adjustments in the event of a reverse stock split, was appropriately adjusted pursuant to their applicable terms for the reverse stock splits. If applicable, the conversion price for each outstanding share of preferred stock and the exercise price for each outstanding warrant was increased, pursuant to their terms, in inverse proportion to the split ratio such that upon conversion or exercise, the aggregate conversion price for conversion of preferred stock and the aggregate exercise price payable by the warrant holder to the Company for shares of common stock subject to such warrant will remain approximately the same as the aggregate conversion or exercise price, as applicable, prior to the reverse stock splits.

The reverse stock splits have not changed the authorized number of shares or the par value of the common stock nor modified any voting rights of the common stock.

No proportionate adjustment was made to the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”) pursuant to an amendment to the 2022 Plan approved by stockholders in August 2023, increasing the maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock and stock equivalents available for the grant of awards under the 2022 Plan by an additional 52,000,000 shares, which amount is not subject to any decrease or increase in the number shares of common stock resulting from a stock spilt, reverse stock split, recapitalization, combination, reclassification, the payment of a stock dividend on the common stock or any other decrease in the number of such shares of common stock effected without receipt of consideration by the Company.

No fractional shares were issued in connection with the reverse stock splits. All shares of common stock that were held by a stockholder were aggregated subsequent to the reverse stock split and each fractional share resulting from such aggregation held by a stockholder was rounded up to the next whole share. As a result, an additional 321,036 shares were

issued for the benefit of stockholders that would otherwise obtain fractional shares upon reverse stock split in December 2023.

The number and par value of Series A Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock were not affected by the reverse stock splits, but their conversion ratios have been proportionally adjusted. There were no outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock as of the effective date of the reverse stock splits.

The Company retroactively adjusted its historical financial statements to reflect the reverse stock splits (See Note 10 for reverse stock splits effect on loss per share). All issued and outstanding common stock and per share amounts contained in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock splits for all periods presented. The common stock and additional paid-in-capital line items of the financial statements were adjusted to account for the reverse stock splits for all periods presented (with $833,431 value of common stock decreased and additional paid-in-capital increased on September 30, 2022).

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LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES, AND GOING CONCERN CONSIDERATION

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES, AND GOING CONCERN CONSIDERATION

LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES, AND GOING CONCERN

NOTE 2 – LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES, AND GOING CONCERN

These consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared on the basis that assumes the Company will continue as a going concern which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business.

The Company's principal source of liquidity consists of existing cash and restricted cash of approximately $88.9 million as of December 31, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company used approximately $59.9 million of cash for operating activities. The net working capital on December 31, 2023 amounted to approximately $47.1 million, or approximately $79.3 million after excluding derivative liabilities and liabilities to issue stock that are supposed to be settled by issuing common stock without using cash. For the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company has incurred a net loss of $64 million and, as of December 31, 2023, our accumulated deficit was $1,923.6 million.

These factors raise substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company is evaluating strategies to obtain the required additional funding for future operations. These strategies may include, but are not limited to, obtaining equity financing, issuing debt, or entering other financing arrangements, and restructuring of operations to grow revenues and decrease expenses. However, given the impact of the economic downturn on the U.S. and global financial markets, the Company may be unable to access further equity or debt financing when needed. As such, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional liquidity when needed or under acceptable terms, if at all. Therefore, there can be no assurance that our plans will be successful in alleviating the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. These financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainties.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a material impact on our operating results. The Company has not observed any impairments of its assets or a significant change in the fair value of its assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At this time, it is not possible for the Company to predict the duration or magnitude of the adverse results of the outbreak and its effects on the Company’s business or results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Significant accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of total expenses in the reporting periods. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, cash flow projections and discount rate for calculation of goodwill impairment, fair value and impairment of long-lived assets, including intangible assets, inventory reserves, accrued expenses, fair value of financial instruments, depreciable lives of property and equipment, income taxes, contingencies, valuation of preferred stock and warrants. Additionally, the rates of interest on several debt agreements have been imputed where there was no stated interest rate within the original agreement. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

Risks and Uncertainties

We operate within an industry that is subject to rapid technological change, intense competition, and significant government regulation. It is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including competitive, financial, developmental, operational, technological, required knowledge of industry governmental regulations, and other risks associated with an emerging business. Any one or combination of these or other risks could have a substantial influence on our future operations and prospects for commercial success.

Business Combination

Business acquisitions are accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 “Business Combinations”. FASB ASC 805 requires the reporting entity to identify the acquirer, determine the acquisition date, recognize and measure the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity, and recognize and measure goodwill or a gain from the purchase. The acquiree’s results are included in the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements from the date of acquisition. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their fair values and the excess of the purchase price over the amounts assigned is recorded as goodwill. Adjustments to fair value assessments are recorded to goodwill over the measurement period (not longer than twelve months). The acquisition method also requires that acquisition-related transaction and post-acquisition restructuring costs be charged to expense.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and so near their maturity (generally, with original maturities of three months or less) that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.

Restricted Cash

The main part of restricted cash in amount of $7 million relates to escrow account that shall become the property of the party determined in the arbitration with GEM Group (see Note 19 – Contingencies and Claims). The amount and interests earned shall be released only upon further order of the arbitrator, a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction, or by agreement of the parties.

Cash obtained from customer deposits is held by the Company and is restricted from use to fund operations. Refundable deposits were $429 thousand as at December 31, 2023.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses consist of various advance payments made for goods or services to be received in the future. These prepaid expenses include insurance and other contracted services requiring up-front payments.

Inventory

Cost of inventories is determined using the standard cost method, which approximates actual cost on a first-in first-out basis. This method includes direct materials, direct labor, and a proportionate share of manufacturing overhead costs based on normal capacity. Regular reviews are performed to identify and account for variances between the standard costs and actual costs. Any variances identified are recognized in the cost of goods sold during the period in which they occur.

On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews its inventory for excess quantities and obsolescence. This analysis takes into account factors such as demand forecasts, product life cycles, product development plans, and current market conditions. Provisions are made to reduce the carrying value of the inventories to their net realizable value.

Once inventory is written down, a new, lower-cost basis is established, and the inventory is not subsequently written up if market conditions improve. All such inventory write-downs are included as a component of cost of goods sold in the period in which the write-down occurs. Adjustments to these estimates and assumptions could impact our financial position and results of operations.

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated economic useful lives of the assets. Repairs and maintenance expenditures that do not extend the useful lives of related assets are expensed as incurred.

Estimated Useful Lives

Description	Estimated useful lives
Buildings	20 to 30 years
Furniture and equipment	3 to 7 years
Computer and software	1 to 5 years
Machinery, shop and testing equipment	3 to 7 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of the estimated useful life or the underlying lease term
Vehicles	5 years
Intangibles	5 to 10 years

Expenditures for major improvements are capitalized, while minor replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the asset lives, are charged to operations as incurred. Upon sale or disposition, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in operations. Company management continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying balances of its property, plant, and equipment may not be recoverable in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” When such events or changes in circumstances are present, we assess the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are recorded in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which provides for deferred taxes using an asset and liability approach. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated condensed financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the consolidated condensed financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided, if based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return are accounted for using the “more likely than not” threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement. There are transactions that occur during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination may be uncertain. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no material changes to either the nature or the amounts of the uncertain tax positions.

The Company’s income tax provision consists of an estimate for U.S. federal and state income taxes based on enacted rates, as adjusted for allowable credits, deductions, uncertain tax positions, changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in the tax law.

Intangible Assets, net

Intangible assets consist of acquired and developed intellectual property. In accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Others,” goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives (including in-process research and development assets acquired in a business combination) are not subject to amortization but are tested for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

Intangible assets with determinate lives are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Amortizable intangible assets generally are amortized on a straight-line basis over periods up to 120 months. The costs to periodically renew our intangible assets are expensed as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company periodically evaluates long-lived assets (both intangible assets and property, plant, and equipment) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a potential impairment may have occurred. If such events or changes in circumstances arise, the Company compares the carrying amount of the long-lived assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the long-lived assets. If the estimated aggregate undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the long-lived assets, an impairment charge, calculated as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets, is recorded. The fair value of the long-lived assets is determined based on the estimated discounted cash flows expected to be generated from the long-lived asset unless another method provides a more reliable estimate. If an impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount of a long-lived asset is recognized as a new cost basis of the impaired asset. Impairment loss is not reversed even if fair value exceeds carrying amount in subsequent periods.

Extinguishment of Liabilities

The Company derecognizes financial liabilities when the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled, or expired.

Leases

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 842, “Leases”, which requires a lessee to recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset for the lease term.

Contingencies and Commitments

The Company follows ASC 440 and ASC 450 to account for contingencies and commitments, respectively. Certain conditions, as a result of past events, may exist as of the balance sheet date, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated, then the estimated liability is accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be reasonably estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Legal costs associated with such loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed.

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses are expenses that have been incurred but not yet paid and are classified within current liabilities on the consolidated condensed balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue includes revenue from the sale of electric vehicles and is accounted for in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The Company applies a five-step analysis to: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Payments for electric vehicles sales are generally received at or shortly after delivery. Sales tax is excluded from the measurement of the transaction price. The revenue from the sale of electric vehicles is recognized when control of the vehicle is transferred to the customer. In general, the control is transferred at the point of delivery to the customer, signifying the fulfillment of our primary performance obligation under ASC 606. Certain contracts with our dealers contain a return provision, stating that they may return unsold vehicles after 1 year. Since the Company does not have sufficient relevant statistics of returns yet, we defer revenue recognition until the vehicles have been sold by such dealer or until there is sufficient evidence to justify a reasonable estimate for the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. For any amounts received (or receivable) for which the Company does not recognize revenue when it transfers products to customers, a refund liability is recognized. Relevant vehicles transferred to the dealer are presented as “Finished goods delivered to dealer for distribution” in the consolidated condensed balance sheets at initial cost, less any expected costs to recover those products (including potential decreases in the value to the entity of returned products). At the end of each reporting period, the Company updates the measurement of these assets and refund liabilities.

Cost of Goods Sold

The Company’s cost of goods sold includes mainly production costs of vehicles sold in the relevant period as well as a provision for expected warranty expenses.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include expenses such as salaries and employee benefits, professional fees, rent, repairs and maintenance, utilities and office expense, depreciation and amortization, advertising and marketing, settlements and penalties, taxes, and licenses. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses, other than trade show expenses which are deferred until occurrence of the future event, we expense advertising costs as incurred in accordance with ASC 720-35, “Other Expenses – Advertising Cost.” Advertising costs for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were approximately $6.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively.

Research and Development Costs

Per ASC 730, "Research and Development," the Company recognizes all research and developments costs in the statement of operations as they occur. These include expenses related to the design, development, testing, and improvement of our electric vehicles and corresponding technologies. Assets with alternative future uses are capitalized and depreciated over their useful lives, with the depreciation expense reported under research and development costs.

Share-Based Compensation

The share-based awards issued by the Company are accounted for in accordance with ASC Subtopic 718-10, “Compensation – Share Compensation,” which requires fair value measurement on the grant date and recognition of compensation expense for all shares of common stock of the Company issued to employees, non-employees and directors. Generally, the fair value of awards is estimated based on the market price of the shares of common stock of the Company the day immediately preceding the grant date. The fair value of non-marketable share-based awards (granted to employees before the Company became public) has been estimated based on an independent valuation. The Company recognizes forfeitures of award in the periods they occur.

The overwhelming part of share-based awards to employees per employment contracts, and a certain part of contracts with non-employees (consultants), are classified as equity with costs and additional paid-in capital recognized ratably over the service period. A significant part of the Company’s share-based awards to consultants is liability-classified: mainly if the number of shares a consultant is entitled to depends on a certain monetary value fixed in the contract. An accrued part of liability in this case is revaluated each period based on market price of the shares of common stock of the Company, until sufficient number of shares is issued.

The Company has also adopted incentive plans that entitle the Chief Executive Officer to share-based awards generally calculated as 1-3% of then outstanding number of shares of common stock, issuable upon achievement of specific financial and operational targets (milestones) that are supposed to significantly increase value of the Company. This share-based compensation is accrued over the service term when it is probable that the milestone will be achieved. The liability to issue stock (presented within non-current liabilities if the achievement is expected later than 12 month after the balance sheet date) is revalued on every balance sheet date based on the length of the service period, current market price of the common stock and on the number of shares of common stock outstanding – until the shares have been issued, or until fulfilling the milestone requirements becomes unlikely.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We apply fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded at fair value, Company management considers the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as risks inherent in valuation techniques, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair value is estimated by applying the hierarchy as per requirements of ASC 820, “Fair value measurements”.

Expected credit losses

The estimation of expected credit losses that may be incurred as we work through the invoice collection process with our customers and other counterparties requires us to make judgments and estimates regarding probability the amounts due to us are going to be paid. We monitor our customers' payment history and current credit worthiness to determine that collectability is reasonably assured. We also consider the overall business climate in which our customers and other counterparties operate. At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, no material allowance for credit losses needed to be recognized to cover anticipated credit losses under current conditions. However, uncertainties regarding changes in the financial condition of our customers, either adverse or positive, could impact the amount and timing of any additional credit losses that may be required.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company maintains cash balances in several financial institutions that are insured by either the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the National Credit Union Association up to certain federal limitations, generally $250,000. At times, our cash balance may exceed these federal limitations. However, we have not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes we are not exposed to any significant credit risk on these accounts. The amounts in excess of insured limits as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are $87.8 million and $154.9 million, respectively.

Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has implemented all applicable accounting pronouncements that are in effect. The following pronouncements have been recently adopted by the Company:

ASU 2022-04 - Supplier Finance Program (SFP). This ASU requires that a buyer in a SFP disclose qualitative and quantitative information about its program, including the nature of the SFP and key terms, outstanding amounts as of the end the reporting period, and presentation in its financial statements. This pronouncement has not had an impact on the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements.

ASU 2016-13 - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (CECL). This guidance, commonly referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”), changes impairment recognition to a model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses.  The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including trade receivables.  The Company evaluated and determined the amendment did not have a material effect on the consolidated condensed financial statements.

The following are accounting pronouncements that have been issued but are not yet effective for the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements:

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The amendments in ASU No. 2020-06 simplify the complexity associated with applying GAAP for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. More specifically, the amendments focus on the guidance for convertible instruments and derivative scope exceptions for contracts in an entity’s own equity. For smaller reporting companies ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect its application to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements. 

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07—Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. It requires all annual disclosures currently required by ASC 280 to be included in interim periods and requires disclosure of significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), a description of other segment items by reportable segment, and applicable additional measures of segment profit or loss used by the CODM when allocating resources and assessing business performance. All public entities will be required to report segment information in accordance with the new guidance starting in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company expects to enhance segment reporting disclosures based on new requirements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." ASU No. 2023-09, which enhances the transparency, effectiveness and comparability of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information related to income tax rate reconciliations and the jurisdictions in which income taxes are paid. The guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect its application to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements.

Other accounting pronouncements issued but not yet effective are not believed by management to be relevant or to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future consolidated condensed financial statements.

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ACQUISITION OF SUBSIDIARIES AND CERTAIN ASSETS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

ACQUISITION OF SUBSIDIARIES AND CERTAIN ASSETS

ACQUISITION OF SUBSIDIARIES AND CERTAIN ASSETS

NOTE 4 – ACQUISITION OF SUBSIDIARIES AND CERTAIN ASSETS

Acquisition of ELMS assets

On October 13, 2022, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware issued an order approving the sale for approximately $105 million to Mullen of certain assets and assumption and assignment of contracts and related liabilities of Electric Last Mile, Inc. and Electric Last Mile Solutions, Inc. (collectively, “ELMS”) pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Asset Purchase Agreement dated September 16, 2022.

The ELMS asset acquisition closed on November 30, 2022, and is expected to accelerate the market introduction of our cargo van program and provide us with critical manufacturing capacity at a much lower investment than previously expected to supply the rest of our product portfolio.

ELMS assets include:

● The factory in Mishawaka, Indiana, providing Mullen with the capability to produce up to 50,000 vehicles per year;

● All Intellectual Property, including all manufacturing data that is required for the assembly of the Class 1 van and Class 3 Cab Chassis;

● All inventory including finished and unfinished vehicles, part modules, component parts, raw materials, and tooling; and

● All property including equipment, machinery, supplies, computer hardware, software, communication equipment, data networks and all other data storage.

The following table details the allocation of purchase price by asset category for the ELMS asset purchase:

	Fair Value
Asset Category	Allocation
Land	$	1,440,000
Buildings and site improvements		41,287,038
Equipment		27,336,511
Intangible assets: engineering design		22,112,791
Inventory		13,198,692
Total Purchased Assets	$	105,375,032

On November 9, 2022, the Company formed Mullen Indiana Real Estate LLC, a limited liability company in the State of Delaware, to hold the acquired real property located in Mishawaka, Indiana.

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INVENTORY

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

INVENTORY

INVENTORY

NOTE 5 – INVENTORY

The Company's inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and consist of the following:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Inventory
Work in process	$	4,010,456	$	3,136,590
Raw materials		18,524,512		13,733,385
Finished goods		226,009		—
Finished goods delivered to dealer for distribution		7,958,552		937,322
Less: write-down to net realizable value		—		(1,000,284)
Total Inventory	$	30,719,529	$	16,807,013

The cost of inventories is determined using a standard cost method, which approximates the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. This includes direct materials, direct labor, and relevant manufacturing overhead costs. Variances between standard and actual costs are recognized in the cost of goods sold during the period in which they occur.

The Company regularly reviews its inventories for excess and obsolete items by assessing their net realizable value (NRV). The NRV is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, approximately $65 thousand of the Company's inventories was consumed for R&D activities, which was recognized as part of research and development expense in the consolidated condensed statement of operations.

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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

NOTE 6 – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The goodwill in net carrying amount of $28,846,832 as at December 31, 2023 and as at September 30, 2023 pertains to the Bollinger Motors Inc. acquisition on September 7, 2022.

Goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if there are indicators of impairment. Every reporting period the Company assesses qualitative factors (such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, financial performance of the Company, entity-specific events etc.) to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. Upon the quantitative goodwill impairment test, impairment may arise to the extent carrying amount of a reporting unit that includes goodwill (i.e. Bollinger production unit, see Note 21 – Segment information) exceeds its fair value. As a result of the impairment test performed on September 1, 2023 by management with the assistance of independent third-party valuation professionals, the Company has recognized impairment loss in amount of $63,988,000 in the last quarter of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. No additional impairment was recognized during the quarter ended December 31, 2023.

Other intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated amortization. Patents and other identifiable intellectual property purchased as part of the Bollinger Motors acquisition in September 2022 have been initially recognized at fair value.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but instead tested for impairment. Due to unfavorable market conditions and decline of the market prices of the Company’s common stock, we have tested long-lived assets for recoverability in the last quarter of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. Based on the test performed on September 1, 2023 by independent professional appraisers, the assets of the Bollinger's segment (see Note 21 - Segment information), including indefinite-lived in-process research and development assets, acquired in September 2022, were not impaired, except for impairment of goodwill (see above). No impairment was recognized during the quarter ended December 31, 2023.

Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized over the period of estimated benefit using the straight-line method. The weighted average useful life of intangible assets is 8.7 years. The straight-line method of amortization represents management’s best estimate of the distribution of the economic value of the intangible assets.

In the last quarter of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, an impairment loss in amount of $5,873,000 has been recognized in respect of the intangible assets of the ELMS/Legacy Mullen segment (primarily engineering designs and website design and development). No additional impairment was recognized during the quarter ended December 31, 2023.

	December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
					Net						Net
	Cost		Accumulated		Carrying		Cost		Accumulated		Carrying
	Basis		Amortization		Amount		Basis		Amortization		Amount
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Patents		32,447,460		(4,263,548)		28,183,912		31,708,460		(3,445,694)		28,262,766
Engineering designs		16,200,332		(621,075)		15,579,257		16,200,332		(184,274)		16,016,058
Other		1,841,639		(339,493)		1,502,146		745,947		(158,590)		587,357
Trademarks		—		—		—		1,180,138		(115,682)		1,064,456
Total finite-lived intangible assets		50,489,431		(5,224,116)		45,265,315		49,834,877		(3,904,240)		45,930,637
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
In-process research and development assets	$	58,304,612	$	—	$	58,304,612	$	58,304,612	$	—	$	58,304,612
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets		58,304,612		—		58,304,612		58,304,612		—		58,304,612
Total Intangible Assets	$	108,794,043	$	(5,224,116)	$	103,569,927	$	108,139,489	$	(3,904,240)	$	104,235,249

Total future amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets is as follows:

Years Ended September 30,	Future Amortization
2024 (9 months)	$	3,930,834
2025		5,250,711
2026		5,250,711
2027		5,240,901
2028		5,110,712
Thereafter		20,481,446
Total Future Amortization	$	45,265,315

For the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, amortization of the intangible assets was $1,319,877 and $2,756,704 respectively.

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DEBT

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

DEBT

DEBT

NOTE 7 – DEBT

Short and Long-Term Debt

Short-term debt is defined as debt with principal maturities of one year or less, long-term debt has maturities greater than one year.

The following is a summary of our indebtedness at December 31, 2023:

	Net Carrying Value
	Unpaid Principal						Contractual		Contractual
Type of Debt	Balance		Current		Long-Term		Interest Rate		Maturity
Matured notes	$	2,398,881	$	2,398,881	$	—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2019 - 2021
Real estate note		5,000,000		5,000,000		—	8.99	%	2024
Loan advances		332,800		332,800		—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2016 - 2018
Less: debt discount		(109,525)		(109,525)		—
Total Debt	$	7,622,156	$	7,622,156	$	—

The following is a summary of our indebtedness at September 30, 2023:

	Net Carrying Value
	Unpaid Principal						Contractual		Contractual
Type of Debt	Balance		Current		Long-Term		Interest Rate		Maturity
Matured notes	$	2,398,881	$	2,398,881	$	—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2019 - 2021
Real estate note		5,000,000		5,000,000		—	8.99	%	2024
Loan advances		332,800		332,800		—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2016 – 2018
Less: debt discount		(270,189)		(270,189)		—
Total Debt	$	7,461,492	$	7,461,492	$	—

Scheduled Debt Maturities

The following are scheduled debt maturities as at December 31, 2023:

	2024 (9 months)		2025		2026		2027		Total
Total Debt	$	7,622,156	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,622,156

Accrued interest

As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, accrued interest on outstanding notes payable was $1,617,759 and $1,548,723, respectively.

NuBridge Commercial Lending LLC Promissory Note

On March 7, 2022, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Mullen Investment Properties, LLC, entered into a Promissory Note (the “Promissory Note”) with NuBridge Commercial Lending LLC for a principal amount of $5 million. The Promissory Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 8.99% per annum and the principal amount is due March 1, 2024. Collateral for the loan includes the title to the Company’s property at 1 Greentech Drive, Tunica, MS. Under the Promissory Note, prepaid interest and issuance costs of $1,157,209 were withheld from the principal and recorded as debt discount, which is being amortized over the term of the Promissory note. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining unamortized debt discount was $109,525.

Drawbridge and Amended A&R Note with Esousa

On October 14, 2022, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Secured Convertible Note and Security Agreement (the “A&R Note”) with Esousa Holdings LLC (“Esousa”), including principal of $1,032,217 (net of debt discount of $64,570) and accrued interest of $316,127 along with the liability to issue 467 shares of common stock (having a then carrying value of $10,710,000) and an obligation to compensate for the losses from market value decline of shares were exchanged for a new convertible note payable with a face value of $12,945,914 and 1,022 shares of common stock (having a fair value of $5,524,600), resulting in a loss on extinguishment of $6,452,170. On November 1, 2022, the A&R Note payable to Esousa, inclusive of any accrued interest, was converted into 2,758 shares of common stock.  

Non-convertible secured promissory note

On December 18, 2023, Mullen entered into a Debt Agreement to issue a non-convertible secured promissory note (the “Note”) with a principal amount of $50 million, purchased for $32 million, reflecting an $18 million original issue

discount. The Note, which does not include conversion rights, stock, warrants, or other securities, aims to raise capital for the Company's manufacturing operations. The issuance of this non-convertible Note is scheduled for the first trading day when all closing conditions are met. By the date these consolidated condensed financial statements are available to be issued, the loan has not been received. The $18 million original issue discount was considered a settlement cost related to a dispute over financings that occurred during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. The $18 million settlement cost has been accrued as of September 30, 2023 and is included as accrued expenses and other liabilities at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. When the debt is issued, the $18 million will be reclassified to note payable.

The Note will incur 10% annual interest, escalating to 18% post-Event of Default. It matures three months post-issuance. The Note's terms allow for accelerated repayment upon default, requiring the Company to pay the principal, accrued interest, and other due amounts. The Note will be secured by the Company’s assets and imposes restrictions on the Company, limiting additional debt, asset liens, stock repurchases, outstanding debt repayment, and affiliate transactions, except for specified exceptions. It mandates prepayment of the principal from net proceeds of any subsequent financing.

Convertible Notes

On November 14, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 (“Amendment No. 3”) to the June 7, 2022, Securities Purchase Agreement (as amended, the “Series D SPA”). The investors paid $150 million and, in lieu of receiving shares of Series D Preferred Stock and warrants, the investors received notes convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock (“Notes”) and warrants.

Amendment No. 3 further provided that the remaining $90 million of the commitment amount will be paid in the first half of 2023 in two tranches. The purchase price per share of Series D Preferred Stock would be the lower of (i) $1.27 ($28,575 after reverse stock splits, see Note 1), the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date the Securities Purchase Agreement was executed, or (ii) the closing price of the common stock on the trading day immediately preceding the respective purchase date, subject to a floor price of $0.10 per share. For no additional consideration, for every share of Series D Preferred Stock purchased, investors received warrants to purchase shares of common stock equal to 185% of the number of shares of Series D Preferred Stock purchased by the investors at an exercise price equal to the purchase price for shares of Series D Preferred Stock (the warrants also permit cashless exercise). The Company exercised its right and received these investments in April and June 2023, see Note 8 Warrants and Other Derivative Liabilities and Fair Value Measurements.

On November 15, 2022, the Company issued the unsecured convertible Notes aggregating $150,000,000 in lieu of Series D Preferred Stock. The Notes bore interest at 15% and were convertible into shares of common stock either: (A) at the option of the noteholder at the lower of: (i) $0.303 (to be adjusted to stock splits); or (ii) the closing price of our common stock on January 3, 2023; or (B) mandatorily on November 21, 2022 at the lower of: (i) $0.303 ($6,818 after reverse stock splits, see Note 1); or (ii) the closing price of our common stock on November 18, 2022, provided adequate unissued authorized shares were available. For each share issued upon conversion, the holders were entitled to 1.85 times as many five-year warrants with an exercise price equal to the conversion price for the Notes.

As a result, and since the Company had an insufficient number of authorized shares available to settle potential future warrant exercises, the Company recognized a derivative liability of $244,510,164 for the warrants with a corresponding increase in debt discount of $150,000,000 and interest expense of $94,510,164 (presented combined in the Statement of Operations as "Other financing costs - initial recognition of derivative liabilities"). The debt discount was amortized over the term of the Note through the date the convertible notes were mandatorily convertible. Accordingly, the entire amount was expensed in the first quarter of the year ended September 30, 2023. On November 21, 2022, principal of $59,402,877 was mandatorily converted into 9,815 shares of common stock.

On December 23, 2022, the Company defaulted on the Notes by not having sufficient authorized shares to allow for both the Notes to be fully converted and the warrants to be exercised. On January 13, 2023, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement and Release in which investors waived the default prior to February 1, 2023. In exchange, the Company granted the investors the right to purchase additional shares of Series D Preferred Stock and warrants in an amount equal to such investor’s pro rata portion of $10 million. This right expired on June 30, 2023.

During February 2023, the remaining balance of the Notes (with the principal of $90,362,418) and accrued interest (in amount of $3,456,941) were converted by the holders into 13,762 shares of common stock. See Note 8 – Warrants and Other Derivative Liabilities and Fair Value Measurements with regards to warrants issued upon conversion of these Notes.

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WARRANTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

WARRANTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

WARRANTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

NOTE 8 – WARRANTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

ASC 825-10 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of non-performance. ASC 825-10 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 825-10 establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

● Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3 – Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of assets or liabilities.

To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is disclosed and is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Financial Instruments at Carrying Value That Approximated Fair Value

Certain financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on the consolidated condensed balance sheets are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, due to their short-term nature and credit risk. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, and debt. Accounts payable are short-term in nature and generally are due upon receipt or within 30 to 90 days.

Non-Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

Non-financial assets are only required to be measured at fair value when acquired as a part of business combination or when an impairment loss is recognized. See Note 4 – Acquisition of subsidiaries and certain assets, Note 14 - Property, Plant, and Equipment and Note 6 – Intangible assets for further information. All these valuations are based on Level 3 –

Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of these assets or liabilities.

Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company had the following financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Preferred C Warrants

The warrants, which were exercisable for common stock, issued in connection with the sale of Series C Preferred Stock (the “Preferred C Warrants”) in accordance with the November 2021 Merger Agreement and further amendments had an exercise price per share of $8.834 (after the reverse stock splits - $198,765) and a cashless exercise option based on certain formula established by relevant contracts.

These warrant liabilities were recognized as liabilities due to requirements of ASC 480 because the variable number of shares to be issued upon cashless exercise (which was deemed to be the predominant exercise option) was based predominantly on a fixed monetary value.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, 132 Preferred C Warrants that remained outstanding as at September 30, 2022 were fully exercised.

Preferred D Warrants

In accordance with Series D SPA for every share of Series D Preferred Stock purchased, the investors received 185% (for the final $100 million voluntary investment right expiring June 30, 2023 - 110%) warrants (the “Preferred D Warrants”) exercisable for shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to the lower of (i) $1.27 (after the reverse stock splits - $28,575) or (ii) the market price of common stock on the trading day immediately preceding the purchase notice date. The Preferred D Warrants are exercisable during a five-year period commencing upon issuance. The contracts for the Preferred D Warrants contain cashless exercise provisions similar to Preferred C Warrants described above. Therefore, management applied similar accounting treatment to recognition, measurement, and presentation of the warrant liabilities.

In September 2022, the Company received an initial investment amount of $35 million (exercise price was $0.4379, or $9,853 after reverse stock splits) and issued to investors 79,926,925 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, and 263 Preferred D Warrants (hereinafter warrants and shares of common stock are presented giving effect to the reverse stock splits, see Note 1).

By September 30, 2022, no Preferred D Warrants were exercised and all Preferred D Warrants remained outstanding with the fair value on September 30, 2022 in the amount of $55,398,551.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, all initial Preferred D Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis for 10,182 shares of common stock.

In November 2022, the Company received $150,000,000 and issued, in lieu of Series D Preferred Stock, notes convertible into shares of common stock and Preferred D Warrants. As a result of the conversion of the convertible debt into shares of common stock in November 2022 and February 2023, 43,616 Preferred D Warrants were issued. By June 30, 2023, all these Preferred D Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis for 93,664 shares of common stock.

During April 2023, we exercised our investment rights under the Series D SPA and requested an additional $45 million (exercise price was $0.1 or $2,250 after reverse stock splits) issuing to investors: 273,363,635 Series D Preferred Stock, 7,851 shares of common stock (in lieu of Series D Preferred Stock), and 37,000 Preferred D Warrants (post reverse stock split). The warrant liability recognized initially amounted to $73,260,454. By June 30, 2023, all these Preferred D Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis for 147,672 shares of common stock (post reverse stock split).

In June 2023, we exercised the second half of our investment right for $45 million (exercise price was $0.432 or $388.8 after reverse stock splits) and, in lieu of Series D Preferred Stock, investors received: 60,778 shares of common stock and 54,962 prefunded warrants exercisable for one share of common stock each, as well as 214,120 Preferred D Warrants.

In June 2023, one of the investors exercised their investment rights and invested $7 million (exercise price was $0.52 or $468 after reverse stock splits). The Company issued, in lieu of Series D Preferred Stock, 14,957 shares of common stock and 27,671 Preferred D Warrants.

Final voluntary investment rights under the Series D SPA were exercised by the pool of investors in June 2023 and the Company received $100 million (exercise price was $0.1601, or $144.09 after reverse stock splits, for majority of investors, and $0.1696, or $152.64 after reverse stock splits, for one investor), issuing to investors, in lieu of Series D Preferred Stock: 183,731 shares of common stock and 508,159 prefunded warrants exercisable for one share of common stock each, as well as 761,079 Preferred D Warrants.

The warrant liability recognized in June 2023 upon initial accounting of these investments amounted to $254,962,776. By September 30, 2023, a part of these prefunded warrants and Preferred D Warrants was exercised on a cashless basis for 2,194,413 shares of common stock (post reverse stock splits).

As of September 30, 2023, none of prefunded warrants and 382,436 Preferred D Warrants (recognized as liability in the consolidated condensed balance sheets) exercisable into 1,438,009 shares of common stock with fair value of $64,739,175 remained outstanding.

During the 3 months ended December 31, 2023, a part of remaining Preferred D Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis for 2,020,152 shares of common stock (post reverse stock splits). As of December 31, 2023, Preferred D Warrants (recognized as liability in the consolidated condensed balance sheets) with fair value of $20,704,136 remained outstanding and their exercise (on a cash or cashless basis) is available to investors for a period of approximately 4.5 years.

The fair value of warrant obligations is calculated based on the number and market value of shares that can be issued upon exercise of the warrants. The number of shares to be issued in accordance with relevant agreements is variable and depends on (i) lowest closing market price of shares for 2 days before the exercise, and (i) multiplicator calculated based on Black Scholes formula where all elements, except for risk-free rate, are fixed on the investment date. Accordingly, the fair value of warrants on recognition date and on subsequent dates was estimated as a maximum of (i) Black Scholes value for cash exercise of relevant warrants and (ii) current market value of the number of shares the Company would be required to issue upon cashless warrant exercise on a relevant date in accordance with warrant contract requirements. The latter valuation, based on observable inputs (level 2), has been higher and reflects the pattern of the warrants exercise since the inception of the Series D SPA.

At each warrant exercise date and each accounting period end the warrant liability for the remaining unexercised warrants was marked-to-market value and the resulting gain or loss was recorded in consolidated condensed statement of operations as a “Gain / (loss) on derivative liability revaluation”.

All the warrants mentioned in this section provide that if the Company issues or sells, enters into a definitive, binding agreement pursuant to which the Company is required to issue or sell or is deemed, pursuant to the provisions of the

warrants, to have issued or sold, any shares of common stock for a price per share lower than the exercise price then in effect, subject to certain limited exceptions, then the exercise price of the warrants shall be reduced to such lower price per share. In addition, the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants are subject to adjustment in connection with stock splits, dividends or distributions or other similar transactions.

Other derivative liabilities

Other derivative liabilities recognized and remeasured subsequently at fair value include: embedded derivatives issued with convertible notes (primarily, conversion option), and preferred stock that failed equity presentation when the Company had insufficient number of authorized shares available to settle all potential future conversion transactions, automatic increase in interest rate upon an event of default, and optional conversion feature that were not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of a debt host. These derivative liabilities were initially recognized on November 15, 2022, when the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Series D SPA (see Note 7) having an insufficient number of authorized shares of common stock available for issuance upon conversion of preferred stock and convertible notes payable and the exercise of outstanding warrants. They were carried at fair value and have been reclassified to equity respectively upon final conversion of the Notes in February 2023, and upon authorization of increase of common stock available for issuance by stockholders of the Company in January 2023.

Qiantu Warrants

On March 14, 2023, the Company entered into an Intellectual Property and Distribution Agreement (the “IP Agreement”) with Qiantu Motor (Suzhou) Ltd., and two of Qiantu Suzhou’s affiliates (herein “Qiantu”). Pursuant to the IP Agreement, Qiantu granted the Company the exclusive license to use certain of Qiantu’s trademarks and the exclusive right to assemble, manufacture, and sell the homologated vehicles based on the Qiantu K-50 model throughout North America and South America for a period of five years (see Note 19 for more details). These rights will be obtained and the commitment will only be effective upon the Company’s assessment of feasibility and profitability of the project.

As a part of consideration for the Company’s entry into the IP Agreement, the Company issued to Qiantu USA warrants to purchase up to 3,334 (giving effect to the reverse stock splits, see Note 1) shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Qiantu Warrants”).

The Qiantu warrants, per contract, are exercisable at Qiantu USA’s discretion at any time from September 30, 2023 up to and including September 30, 2024 at 110% of the market price of the Company’s common stock at the close of trading on the earlier of (a) when the Company completes its obligations to its Series D Preferred Stock investors; or (b) June 15, 2023, so their exercise price is $234 (giving effect to the reverse stock splits). The Qiantu Warrants have anti-dilution provisions similar to those described above, but they provide for exemption for Series D Preferred Stock transactions rights and obligations that existed on the date the Qiantu Warrants were issued.

As it was expected that the Company may not have a sufficient number of authorized shares of common stock available for issuance during the term of the contract (up to September 2024), and the shares to be issued upon possible exercise of warrants have not been registered, the Qiantu Warrants were recognized at fair value on inception ($6,814,000) and on each subsequent period end. Due to decline in market price of shares the fair value of Qiantu Warrants on September 30, 2023 decreased to $124,133, and on December 31, 2023 to $10,485. The difference has been recognized within gains (losses) on derivative liabilities revaluation in the consolidated condensed statements of operations.

Upon issuance and upon revaluation of the instruments, the Company estimated the fair value of these derivatives using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model and binomial option valuation techniques based on the following assumptions: (1) dividend yield of 0%, (2) expected annualized volatility of 198-222%, and (3) risk-free interest rate of 4.3% to 4.7%. These liabilities are classified as having significant unobservable inputs (level 3) in the table below.

Breakdown of items recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in consolidated condensed balance sheets by levels of observable and unobservable inputs as of December 31, 2023 and on September 30, 2023 is presented below:

			Quoted Prices		Significant
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	December 31,		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Derivative liability	$	20,714,620	$	—	$	20,704,135	$	10,485
				Quoted Prices		Significant
				in Active		Other	Significant
				Markets for		Observable	Unobservable
	September 30,			Identical Assets		Inputs	Inputs
		2023		(Level 1 )		(Level 2)	(Level 3)
Derivative liability	$	64,863,309	$	—	$	64,739,175	$	124,134

A summary of all changes in warrants and other derivative liabilities is presented below:

Balance, September 30, 2023	$	64,863,309
Loss / (gain) on derivative liability revaluation		6,728,980
Conversions of warrants into common shares		(50,877,669)
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	20,714,620
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	84,799,179
Derivative liabilities recognized upon issuance of convertible instruments		244,510,164
Derivative liability upon authorized shares shortfall		11,978,167
Loss / (gain) on derivative liability revaluation		40,781,976
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity upon authorization of sufficient common shares		(10,183,443)
Financing loss upon over-issuance of shares from warrants		8,934,892
Receivables upon over-issuance of shares from warrants		17,721,868
Conversions of warrants into common shares		(137,062,719)
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	261,480,084

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

NOTE 9 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock

At a special meeting on January 25, 2023, stockholders approved the proposal to increase the Company’s authorized common stock capital from 1.75 billion to 5 billion shares. At December 31, 2023, the Company had 5 billion shares of common stock authorized with $0.001 par value per share.

As described in detail in the Note 1 above, by December 31, 2023, the Company has effectuated a series of reverse stock splits. All stock splits resulted in reduction of shares of common stock issued and outstanding and did not affect authorized common stock or preferred stock. The Company had 5,884,691 and 2,871,707 shares of common stock (post reverse stock splits) issued and outstanding on December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held at all meetings of stockholders. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the common stockholders are entitled to receive the remaining assets following distribution of liquidation preferences, if any, to the holders of our preferred stock. The holders of common stock are not entitled to receive dividends unless declared by our Board. To date, no dividends were declared or paid to the holders of common stock. 

When the Company receives a warrant exercise notice or preferred stock conversion notice close to the balance sheet date, and issues relevant order to a transfer agent which is effectively exercised only after the balance sheet date, relevant shares of common stock are presented in the balance sheet as common stock owed but not issued.

Change in Control Agreements

On August 11, 2023, the Board of Directors approved, and the Company entered, Change in Control Agreements with each non-employee director and Chief Executive Officer. Pursuant to the Change in Control Agreements with each non-employee director, upon a change in control of the Company, any unvested equity compensation will immediately vest in full and such non-employee director will receive $5 million. Pursuant to the Agreement with CEO, upon a change in control of the Company, any unvested equity compensation will immediately vest in full and CEO will receive an aggregate percentage of the transaction proceeds as follows: 10% of the transaction proceeds that are up to and including $1 billion; plus an additional 5% of transaction proceeds that are more than $1 billion and up to $1.5 billion; and an additional 5% of transaction proceeds that are more than $1.5 billion. A change in control, as defined in the agreements occurs upon (i) any person becoming the beneficial owner of 50% or more of the total voting power of the Company’s then outstanding voting securities, (ii) a change in the composition of the Board, as a result of which fewer than a majority of the directors are Incumbent Directors (as defined in the Change in Control Agreements), or (iii) the consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company (except when the total voting power of the Company continues to represent at least 50% of the surviving entity), any liquidation, or the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of its assets.

Preferred Stock

Under the terms of our Certificate of Incorporation, the Board may determine the rights, preferences, and terms of our authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock. On December 31, 2023, the Company had 500,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock authorized with $0.001 par value per share. The reverse stock splits (see Note 1 above) did not affect the number of shares of Preferred Stock authorized and outstanding, but the conversion ratios were proportionately adjusted to decrease the number of shares of common stock to be issued as a result.

The Company has designated Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, and Series D Preferred Stock, and Series AA Preferred Stock. Transactions with Preferred stock are presented below:

	Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock
	Total			Series A			Series C			Series D			Series AA
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance, October 1, 2022	5,721,897		5,721	1,924		2	1,360,321		1,360	4,359,652		4,359	—		—
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock	(4,146,819)		(4,147)	—		—	(150,265)		(150)	(3,996,554)		(3,997)	—		—
Preferred shares issued to officers	1		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	1		—
Balance, December 31, 2022	1,575,079		1,575	1,924		2	1,210,056		1,210	363,098		363	1		—
Balance, October 1, 2023	1,575,502		1,576	648		1	1,211,757		1,212	363,097		363	—		—
Balance, December 31, 2023	1,575,502		1,576	648		1	1,211,757		1,212	363,097		363	—		—

Redemption Rights

The shares of Preferred Stock are not subject to mandatory redemption.  

The Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock are voluntarily redeemable by the Company in accordance with the following schedule, provided that the issuance of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion has been registered and the registration statement remains effective:

Year 1: No Redemption

Year 2: Redemption at 120% of the Redemption Price

Year 3: Redemption at 115% of the Redemption Price

Year 4: Redemption at 110% of the Redemption Price

Year 5: Redemption at 105% of the Redemption Price

Year 6 and thereafter: Redemption at 100% of the Redemption Price

The Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock are also redeemable by the Company at any time for a price per share equal to the Issue Price ($8.84 for Series C Preferred Stock and $0.4379 for remaining Series D Preferred Stock), plus all unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends on such share (whether or not declared), provided: (A) the Preferred Stock has been issued and outstanding for a period of at least one year, (B) the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Preferred Stock has been registered pursuant to the Securities Act and such registration remains effective, and (C) the trading price for the common stock is less than the Conversion Price for 20 trading days in any period of 30 consecutive trading days on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

Dividends

The holders of Series A and Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to non-cumulative dividends if declared by the Board of Directors. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock participate on a pro rata basis (on an “as converted” basis to common stock) in any cash dividend paid on common stock. No dividends have been declared or paid during three months ended December 31, 2023, and 2022.

The Series C Preferred Stock originally provided for a cumulative 15.0% per annum fixed dividend on the Series C Original Issue Price plus unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends. On January 13, 2023, the Company and holders of Series C

Preferred Stock entered into a waiver agreement pursuant to which such holders irrevocably waived their right to receive any and all cumulative 15.0% per annum fixed dividends on such Preferred Stock, including all unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends.

The Series D Preferred Stock bears a 15.0% per annum fixed dividend accumulated and compounded monthly, payable no later than the 5^th day after the end of each month on the Series D Original Issue Price plus unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends. Dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock are payable prior to any dividends on any other series of Preferred Stock or the common stock. The amount of Series D Preferred Stock dividends accumulated as at December 31, 2023 was approximately $0.4 million.

The Company may elect to pay dividends for any month with a payment-in-kind (“PIK”) election if (i) the shares issuable further to the PIK are subject to an effective registration statement, (ii) the Company is then in compliance with all listing requirements of NASDAQ and (iii) the average daily trading dollar volume of the Company’s common stock for 10 trading days in any period of 20 consecutive trading days on the NASDAQ is equal to or greater than $27.5 million.

Liquidation, Dissolution, and Winding Up

In the event of any Liquidation Event, the holders of the Series D Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution of the proceeds to the holders of the other series of Preferred Stock or the common stock by reason of their ownership thereof, an amount per share equal to the Series D Original Issue Price ($0.4379 per share in respect of the outstanding Series D Preferred Stock) plus declared but unpaid dividends (none declared but unpaid dividends on December 31, 2023 and 2022).

In the event of any Liquidation Event, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, after full execution of rights of the Series D Preferred Stock holders, and prior and in preference to any distribution of the proceeds to the holders of the other series of Preferred Stock or the common stock by reason of their ownership thereof, an amount per share equal to the Series B Original Issue Price plus declared but unpaid dividends (none declared but unpaid dividends on December 31, 2023 and 2022).

Upon the completion of a distribution pursuant to a Liquidation Event to the Series D Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock, the holders of the Series C Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution of the proceeds to the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock or the common stock by reason of their ownership thereof, an amount per share equal to the Series C Original Issue Price ($8.84 per share) plus declared but unpaid dividends (none declared but unpaid dividends on December 31, 2023 and 2022).

Upon the completion of a distribution pursuant to a Liquidation Event to the Series D Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution of any proceeds to the holders of the common stock, by reason of their ownership thereof, $1.29 per share of each share of the Series A Preferred Stock, plus declared but unpaid dividends on such share (none declared but unpaid dividends on December 31, 2023 and 2022). “Liquidation Event” is as defined in the Certificate of Incorporation and, subject to certain exceptions, includes a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, certain mergers, consolidations and transfers of securities, and any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company.

Conversion

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into 0.0044 (giving effect to the reverse stock splits – see Note 1) shares of fully paid and non-assessable shares of common stock (rounding up to the nearest share).

Each share of Series B Preferred Stock and each share of Series C Preferred Stock are convertible at the option of the holder at any time into such number of shares of common stock as is determined by dividing the Issue Price by the relevant Conversion Price (in each case, subject to adjustment). As of December 31, 2023, there were no shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. As of December 31, 2023, each share of Series C Preferred Stock is convertible into 0.000044 (giving effect to the reverse stock split – see Note 1) shares of fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock (rounding up to the nearest share).

Each share of Series C Preferred Stock will automatically be converted into shares of common stock at the applicable conversion rate at the time in effect immediately upon (A) the issuance of shares of common stock underlying the Series C Preferred Stock being registered pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and such registration remaining effective, (B) the trading price for the Company’s common stock being more than two times the Series C Conversion Price for 20 trading days in any period of 30 consecutive trading days on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and (C) the average daily trading dollar volume of the Company’s common stock during such 20 trading days is equal to or greater than $4.0 million.

The Series D Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of each holder at any time into the number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the Series D Original Issue Price (plus all unpaid accrued and accumulated dividends thereon, as applicable, whether or not declared), by the Series D Conversion Price, subject to adjustment as set in the Certificate of Designation. As of December 31, 2023, each share of Series D is convertible into 0.000044 (giving effect to the reverse stock split – see Note 1) shares of fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock (rounding up to the nearest share).

Each share of Series D Preferred Stock will automatically be converted into shares of common stock at the applicable Conversion Rate at the time in effect immediately upon (A) the issuance of shares of common stock underlying the Series D Preferred Stock being registered pursuant to the Securities Act and such registration remaining effective, (B) the trading price for the Company’s common stock being more than two times the Series D Conversion Price for 20 trading days in any period of 30 consecutive trading days on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and (C) the average daily trading dollar volume of the Company’s common stock during such 20 trading days is equal to or greater than $27.5 million.

Voting Rights

The holders of shares of common stock and Series A, Series B and Series C Preferred Stock at all times vote together as a single class on all matters (including the election of directors) submitted to a vote of the stockholders; provided, however, that, any proposal which adversely affects the rights, preferences and privileges of the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, or Series C Preferred Stock, as applicable, must be approved by a majority in interest of the affected series of Preferred Stock, as the case may be.

Each holder of common stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock has right to one vote for each share of common stock into which such Series B Preferred Stock and/or Series C Preferred Stock, as applicable, could be converted. Each holder of Series A Preferred has the right to 1,000 votes per share held of record by such holder (this right will terminate on November 5, 2024).

The holders of Series D Preferred Stock have no voting rights except for protective voting rights (one vote for each share) in such cases as approval of a liquidation event, authorization of issue of securities having a preference over or parity with the Series D Preferred Stock with respect to dividends, liquidation, redemption or voting, entering a merger or consolidation, etc.

Series AA Preferred Stock

The Series AA Certificate of Designation, filed in November 2022, provided that the Series AA Preferred Stock would have 57,778 votes (giving effect to reverse stock splits, see Note 1) per share of Series AA Preferred Stock and would vote

together with the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock as a single class exclusively with respect to any proposal to adopt an amendment to the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. The Preferred Stock otherwise had no voting rights except as otherwise required by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. The Series AA Preferred Stock was not convertible into, or exchangeable for, shares of any other class or series of stock or other securities of the Company. The Series AA Preferred Stock had no rights with respect to any distribution of assets of the Company, including upon a liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, merger, acquisition, sale, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntarily or involuntarily. The holder of the Series AA Preferred Stock was not entitled to receive dividends of any kind. On November 14, 2022, the Company entered into a Subscription and Investment Representation Agreement with David Michery, its Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold one share of the Company’s Series AA Preferred Stock for $25,000 in cash. In January 2023, the outstanding share of Series AA Preferred Stock was redeemed for $25,000, upon the approval by the Company’s stockholders of an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation to implement a reverse stock split (see Note 1) and the Company filed a certificate of cancellation of the Series AA Preferred Stock.

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LOSS PER SHARE

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

LOSS PER SHARE

LOSS PER SHARE

NOTE 10 – LOSS PER SHARE

Earnings per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income allocated to common stockholders by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing income allocated to common stockholders plus dividends on dilutive convertible preferred stock and preferred stock that can be tendered to exercise warrants, by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding plus amounts representing the dilutive effect of outstanding warrants and the dilution resulting from the conversion of convertible preferred stock, if applicable.

For the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, outstanding warrants, convertible debt and shares of Preferred Stock were excluded from the diluted share count because the result would have been antidilutive under the “if-converted method.”

The following table presents the reconciliation of net loss attributable to common stockholders to net loss used in computing basic and diluted net income per share of common stock (giving effect to the reverse stock splits – see Note 1):

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(61,394,898)	$	(376,275,786)
Less: accumulated preferred stock dividends		(21,303)		(638,677)
Net loss used in computing basic net loss per share of common stock	$	(61,416,201)	$	(376,914,463)
Net loss per share	$	(15.32)	$	(6,233.08)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		4,007,791		60,470

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

NOTE 11 – SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company has incentive plans that are a part of annual discretionary share-based compensation program. The plans include consultants and employees, directors and officers. The Company has been issuing new shares of common stock under the share-based compensation programs, and cash has not been used to settle equity instruments granted under share-based payment arrangements.

	For the three months ended December 31,
Composition of Stock-Based Compensation Expense	2023		2022
Directors, officers and employees share-based compensation	$	2,161,387	$	36,376,972
Share-based compensation to consultants (equity-classified)		1,066,548		2,642,074
Share-based compensation to consultants (liability-classified)		10,675,481		1,734,364
Total share-based compensation expense	$	13,903,416	$	40,753,410

Employees of the Company

Employees of the Company, including officers, are entitled to a number of shares of common stock specified in relevant employment contracts and subject to the approval of our Board of Directors Compensation Committee. The total expense of share awards to employees represents the grant date fair value of relevant number of shares to be issued and is recognized, along with additional paid-in capital, ratably over the service period. The majority of awards to employees are equity-classified. The liability that relates to liability classified stock-based compensation contracts amounts to $25,000 on December 31, 2023.

Consultants

From time to time the Company also issues share-based compensation to external consultants providing consulting, marketing, R&D, legal and other services. The number of shares specified within the individual agreements, or a monetary value of those shares, if applicable, is usually negotiated by our Chief Executive Officer and approved by the Board of Directors Compensation Committee. These costs are generally presented as professional fees within general and administrative, and certain qualifying costs may be presented as part of research and development expenses ($0.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2023).

A part of these share-based awards is classified as equity and accounted for similar to stock-based compensation to employees. Another part of the Company’s share-based awards to consultants is classified as liabilities: mainly if a number of shares a consultant is entitled to is predominantly based on monetary value fixed in the contract. An accrued part of liability in this case is revaluated each period based on market price of the shares of common stock of the Company, until sufficient number of shares is issued. The liability to consultants as at December 31, 2023 amounted to $3.4 million. The Company generally practices prepayment for future services of the consultants by unrestricted shares of common stock – in this case a prepaid asset is recognized on the balance sheet and is amortized over the period the consultant is delivering their services to the Company. These prepaid costs amounted to $4.6 million as at December 31, 2023.

CEO Award Incentive Plans

The Company adopted the CEO Performance Stock Award Agreement, approved by the Board and by stockholders in 2022 (“2022 PSA Agreement”) and CEO Performance Stock Award Agreement, approved by the Board and by stockholders in 2023 (“2023 PSA Agreement”). Under these plans, the Chief Executive Officer is entitled to share-based awards generally calculated as 1-3% of then outstanding number of shares of common stock, issuable upon achievement of specific financial and operational targets (milestones) that are supposed to significantly increase value of the Company.

This share-based compensation is accrued over the service term when it is probable that the milestone will be achieved. The liability to issue stock (presented within non-current liabilities if the achievement is expected later than 12 months after the balance sheet date) is revalued on every balance sheet date based on the length of the service period, current market price of the common stock, and on the number of shares of common stock outstanding – until the shares have been issued, or until fulfilling of the milestone requirements is no longer probable.

As at December 31, 2023, the accrual for future awards under 2022 PSA Agreement amounted to approximately $1.3 million. Out of all remaining 2022 PSA Agreement awards, the only awards that are considered probable are capital benchmarks that provide for a 1% of outstanding common stock on every $100 million the Company raises.

As at December 31, 2023, the accrual for future awards under 2023 PSA Agreement amounted to approximately $8.0 million. A part of this provision in the amount of $1.5 million has been recognized within non-current liabilities as the achievement is expected later than 12 months after the balance sheet date. Out of all remaining 2023 PSA Agreement awards, all awards are considered probable by the Company, except for Vehicle Completion Milestone (i) (USA certification and homologation of Class Three Van – expired by end of December 2023), and except for Accelerated Development Milestone which has been achieved (Mullen has acquired a facility with existing equipment that allows the Company to expedite scaling of battery pack production in the USA).

The costs recognized within the line item "Directors, Officers and Employees share-based compensation" in the table above represent both actual issuances of common stock under PSA Agreements and these provisions for future probable awards.

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

NOTE 12 – ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Provision for penalties & settlements	$	26,392,247	$	27,800,000
Accounts payable accrual		3,228,426		2,964,864
IRS tax liability		2,186,436		2,849,346
Accrued payroll		2,102,931		2,406,650
Accrued interest		1,617,759		1,548,724
Legal fees		611,853		868,495
Refund liability		652,200		652,200
Accrued expense - other		1,375,085		2,111,650
Total	$	38,166,937	$	41,201,929

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LIABILITY TO ISSUE STOCK

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

LIABILITY TO ISSUE STOCK

LIABILITY TO ISSUE STOCK

NOTE 13 - LIABILITY TO ISSUE STOCK

The liability on December 31, 2023 (current liability in amount of $11.5 million and non-current liability in amount of $1.5 million) represents CEO incentive award provision to be settled in shares of common stock upon achievement of specific targets (current liability in amount of $7.8 million and non-current liability in amount of $1.5 million), as well as certain liability-classified contracts with consultants (current liability in amount of $3.4 million) and other parties (current liability in amount of $0.2 million). The liability on September 30, 2023 mainly related to CEO incentive award provision, see Note 11 - Share Based Compensation for more details.

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PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

NOTE 14 – PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Property, plant, and equipment, net consists of the following:

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Buildings	$	48,539,340	$	48,081,466
Machinery and equipment		31,175,282		27,861,452
Land		3,040,303		3,040,303
Construction-in-progress		8,186,675		5,180,642
Other fixed assets		3,953,967		2,824,165
Total cost of assets excluding accumulated impairment		94,895,567		86,988,028
Less: accumulated depreciation		(7,979,326)		(4,955,243)
Property, Plant, and Equipment, net	$	86,916,241	$	82,032,785

During the last quarter of fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, due to unfavorable market conditions, decline of the market prices of the Company’s common stock, and budgeted performance misses compared to the budgets prepared previously, we have tested long-lived asset for recoverability. The test was performed on September 1, 2023 by independent professional appraisers using both discounted cash flow method and guideline public company method. The fair value of the property, plant, and equipment of the ELMS/Legacy Mullen segment (classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy) was determined on a standalone basis utilizing the cost and market approaches to value. The assets of the Bollinger's segment (see Note 21 - Segment information) were not impaired, except for impairment of goodwill (see Note 6 - Goodwill and intangible assets). An impairment loss in amount of $13,519,492 has been recognized in respect of the property, plant, and equipment of the ELMS/Legacy Mullen segment: primarily construction-in-progress, and machinery and equipment. No additional impairment has been recognized during the quarter ended December 31, 2023.

Depreciation expense related to property, plant, and equipment for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $3,024,083 and $2,037,623, respectively.

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PREPAID EXPENSES AND PREPAID INVENTORY

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

PREPAID EXPENSES AND PREPAID INVENTORY

PREPAID EXPENSES AND PREPAID INVENTORY

NOTE 15 – PREPAID EXPENSES AND PREPAID INVENTORY

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Prepaid expenses and prepaid inventory
Prepaid expense	$	6,686,868	$	8,850,311
Prepaid trade shows		3,779,338		2,731,352
Prepaid services		4,606,224		6,041,111
Prepaid inventory		2,813,722		5,063,965
Other prepayments		1,961,227		2,025,154
Prepaid rent		730,833		47,215
Prepaid retainer		685,243		196,115
Customs surety bond		2,600,000		-
Total prepaid expenses and prepaid inventory	$	23,863,455	$	24,955,223

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OPERATING EXPENSES

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

OPERATING EXPENSES

OPERATING EXPENSES

NOTE 16 – OPERATING EXPENSES

General and administrative expenses consist of the following:

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Professional fees	$	16,220,998	$	8,652,777
Compensation to employees		7,227,842		44,142,360
Advertising and promotions		6,341,015		2,968,234
Depreciation		3,024,083		4,388,355
Amortization		1,319,877		405,972
Employee benefits		1,879,490		1,033,638
Utilities and office expense		1,584,456		255,039
Listing and regulatory fees		1,491,707		1,301,844
Repairs and maintenance		823,234		181,239
Settlements and penalties		1,911,664		20,844
Lease		198,485		831,090
Executive expenses and directors' fees		284,362		209,044
Other		926,839		605,575
Total	$	43,234,052	$	64,996,011

The main portions of the Professional fees and Compensation to employees relate to stock-based compensation issued to non-employees and employees, respectively, see Note 11 - Share Based Compensation for additional information.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, were $16,169,967 and $8,622,009, respectively. Costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses are primarily comprised of external fees and internal costs for engineering, homologation, prototyping costs, and other expenses related to preparation to mass-production of electric vehicles such as Mullen Five EV, Mullen One EV cargo van, etc.

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LEASES

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

LEASES

LEASES

NOTE 17 – LEASES

We have entered into various operating lease agreements for certain offices, manufacturing and warehouse facilities, and corporate aircraft. Operating leases led to recognition of right-of-use assets, and current and noncurrent portion of lease liabilities, as appropriate. These right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made and initial direct costs incurred at lease commencement and exclude lease incentives. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have lease agreements which require payments for both lease and non-lease components and have elected to account for these as a single lease component. Certain leases provide for annual increases to lease payment based on an index or rate. We calculate the present value of future lease payments based on the index or at the lease commencement date for new leases.

On November 1, 2023, the Company entered a 5-year lease agreement for premises of approximately 122,000 sq. ft. in Fullerton, California, designated for light manufacturing and distribution of electric vehicle batteries. Base rent is $2,992 thousand for the first year (and increases approximately 4% every year) and additional operating expenses are approximately $715 thousand in the first year with subsequent annual recalculation. Security deposit payable to the landlord is approximately $1 million.

The table below presents information regarding our lease assets and liabilities.

	December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	13,400,598		$	5,249,417
Liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, current		(2,137,882)			(2,134,494)
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		(9,230,806)			(3,566,922)
Total lease liabilities	$	(11,368,688)		$	(5,701,416)
Weighted average remaining lease terms:
Operating leases		4.32 years			3.98 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases		28	%		28	%

Operating lease costs:	For the three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Fixed lease cost	$	1,316,045	$	771,771
Variable lease cost		56,696		31,288
Sublease income		(167,163)		(63,857)
Total operating lease costs	$	1,205,578	$	739,202

Operating Lease Commitments

Our leases primarily consist of land, land and building, or equipment leases. Our lease obligations are based upon contractual minimum rates. Most leases provide that we pay taxes, maintenance, insurance and operating expenses applicable to the premises. The initial term for most real property leases is typically 1 to 3 years, with renewal options of 1 to 5 years, and may include rent escalation clauses.

The following table reflects maturities of operating lease liabilities at December 31, 2023:

Years ending
September 30,
2024 (9 months)	$	2,276,166
2025		5,498,855
2026		4,044,143
2027		3,962,569
2028		3,728,589
Thereafter		1,874,007
Total lease payments	$	21,384,329
Less: imputed interest		(10,015,641)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	11,368,688

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INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

NOTE 18 – INCOME TAXES

The Company and its less than 100% owned subsidiaries are filing separate tax returns and we calculate the provision for income taxes by using a “separate return” method. Section 174 deduction and R&D credits are calculated using consolidated tax return rules and allocated among its members. Tax effects of significant unusual or infrequently occurring items are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate calculation and recognized in the interim period in which they occur.

We maintain a full valuation allowance against the value of our U.S. and state net deferred tax assets because recoverability of the tax assets does not meet the “more likely than not” likelihood at December 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023.

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CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS

CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS

NOTE 19 – CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS

ASC 450.20 governs the disclosure and recognition of loss contingencies, including potential losses from litigation, regulation, tax and other matters. The accounting standard defines a “loss contingency” as “an existing condition, situation, or set of circumstances involving uncertainty as to possible loss to an entity that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur.” ASC 450 requires accrual for a loss contingency when it is probable that one or more future events will occur confirming the fact of loss and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Under this standard an event is probable when it is likely to occur.

From time to time, we are subject to asserted and actual claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business. Company management reviews any such legal proceedings and claims on an ongoing basis and follows appropriate accounting guidance when making accrual and disclosure decisions. We recognize accruals for those contingencies where the incurrence of a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated, and disclose the amount accrued and the amount of a reasonably possible loss in excess of the amount accrued, if such disclosure is necessary for our consolidated condensed financial statements to not be misleading. As required by ASC 450 we do not record liabilities when the likelihood is not probable, or when the likelihood is probable, but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated. To estimate whether a loss contingency should be accrued by a charge to income, management evaluates, among other factors, the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of the loss.

The outcomes of our legal proceedings and other contingencies are inherently unpredictable, subject to significant uncertainties, and could be material to our operating results and cash flows for a particular period. We evaluate, at least quarterly, developments in our legal proceedings and other contingencies that could affect the amount of liability, including amounts in excess of any previous accruals and reasonably possible losses disclosed, and make adjustments and changes to our accruals and disclosures as appropriate. For the matters we disclose that do not include an estimate of the amount of loss or range of losses, such an estimate is not possible or is immaterial, and we may be unable to estimate the possible loss or range of losses that could potentially result from the application of non-monetary remedies. Until the final resolution of such matters, if any of our estimates and assumptions change or prove to have been incorrect, we may experience losses in excess of the amounts recorded, which could have a material effect on our business, consolidated condensed financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Information with respect to our legal proceedings is contained in Note 19 – Contingencies and Claims of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023. Other than as set forth herein, there are no additional updates to the legal proceedings involving the Company and/or its subsidiaries.

Qiantu Motor (Suzhou) Ltd.

On October 11, 2019, Mullen Technologies, Inc. filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California (Case No. 3:19-cv-01979-W-DEB) on October 11, 2019. This matter arises out of a contract dispute between Mullen and Qiantu Motor (Suzhou) Ltd. (“Qiantu”) related to the engineering, design, support, and homologation of Qiantu’s K50 vehicle by Mullen. On July 1, 2020, the court ordered this matter to arbitration. It was submitted to the American Arbitration Association on February 9, 2021, for arbitration in Denver, Colorado. On March 14, 2023, the parties entered into a Settlement Agreement providing for full settlement of all pending litigation between Mullen and Qiantu. Mullen continues its analysis of the homologation costs and the parties continue to negotiate licensing rights to the European territories.

No loss contingencies have been accrued in respect of this matter as at December 31, 2023, other than those paid, as the Company can reasonably estimate neither probability of additional losses, nor their magnitude (if any), based on all available information presently known to management.

International Business Machines (“IBM”)

On May 7, 2019, International Business Machines (‘IBM”) filed a claim against Mullen Technologies, Inc, in the Supreme Court of the State of New York. This matter arises out of a contract dispute between Mullen and IBM related to a joint development and technology license agreement, patent license agreement, and a logo trademark agreement.

The Company has recognized the amounts paid ($5.9 million) as losses on settlement in the year ended September 30, 2022 and does not expect any additional losses to be reasonably possible.

TOA Trading LLC Litigation

On April 11, 2022, TOA Trading LLC and Munshibari LLC (“Plaintiffs”), filed a complaint against Mullen in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. This claim arises out of an alleged breach of contract related to an unpaid finder’s fee. On January 8, 2024, the court, sua sponte reset the February 12, 2024 trial to April 30, 2024.

Based on the early stage of the litigation, no loss contingencies have been accrued in respect of this matter as at December 31, 2023 as the Company can reasonably estimate neither probability of the loss, nor their magnitude (if any), based on all available information presently known to management.

DBI Lease Buyback Servicing LLC, Drawbridge Investments LLC

On March 2, 2023, DBI and Drawbridge Investments LLC (collectively, “Drawbridge”) filed a complaint in the Commercial Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York against Mullen. The complaint arises out of a letter agreement providing DBI with a right to purchase up to $25 million worth of a to be issued Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants and asserts claims for: (1) specific performance of the alleged agreement; (2) money damages (in an amount exceeding $100 million) arising out of Mullen’s alleged breach of the alleged agreement; and (3) declaratory judgment setting forth Drawbridge’s rights and Mullen’s obligations under the alleged agreement.

On December 5, 2023, as part of the settlement, Drawbridge withdrew its appeal to Mullen’s Motion to Dismiss, which was granted by the court on August 25, 2023, with prejudice. Based on the contract signed by the parties, the Company accrued $1.95 million as of December 31, 2023 in full and complete satisfaction of the claims.

The GEM Group

On September 21, 2021, the GEM Group filed an arbitration demand and statement of claim with the American Arbitration Association against Mullen seeking declaratory relief and damages. This matter arises out of an alleged breach of a securities purchase agreement dated November 13, 2020. On January 24, 2024, the arbitrator ordered Mullen to deposit an additional $24,114,921 into escrow on or before March 9, 2024. The Company is immediately filing an action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California contesting the arbitrator’s decision. The Company has also filed an action in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York seeking to void the GEM Group agreements made in violation of the Securities Act dealer registration requirements as GEM Group is not a registered FINRA dealer.

Mullen Stockholder Litigation

In re Mullen Automotive, Inc. Securities Litigation

On May 5, 2022, Plaintiff Margaret Schaub, a purported stockholder, filed a putative class action complaint in the United States District Court Central District of California against the “Company”, as well as its Chief Executive Officer, David Michery, and the Chief Executive Officer of a predecessor entity, Oleg Firer (the “Schaub Lawsuit”). This lawsuit was brought by Schaub both individually and on behalf of a putative class of the Company’s shareholders, claiming false or misleading statements regarding the Company’s business partnerships, technology, and manufacturing capabilities, and alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. An amended complaint was filed on September 23, 2022. The Schaub Lawsuit seeks to certify a putative class of shareholders, and seeks monetary damages, as well as an award of reasonable fees and expenses.

No loss contingencies have been accrued in respect of this matter as at December 31, 2023, as the Company can reasonably estimate neither probability of the loss, nor their magnitude (if any), based on all available information presently known to management.

Trinon Coleman v. David Michery et al. 

On December 8, 2023, Trinon Coleman, a purported stockholder, filed a shareholder derivative action in the Court of Chancery for the State of Delaware, purportedly in the right and for the benefit of the Company as a nominal defendant, against Mr. Michery, and Company directors Mr. Puckett, Ms. Winter, Mr. Betor, Mr. Miltner, and Mr. New (the “Coleman Lawsuit”).  This lawsuit asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, insider trading, and unjust enrichment primarily in connection with the issues and claims asserted in the Schaub Lawsuit.  The Coleman Lawsuit seeks to direct the Company to improve its corporate governance and internal procedures, and seeks monetary damages and an award of reasonable fees and expenses.

No loss contingencies have been accrued in respect of this matter as at December 31, 2023, as the Company can reasonably estimate neither probability of the loss, nor their magnitude (if any), based on all available information presently known to management.

David Gru v. Mullen Automotive Inc.

On May 12, 2022, David Gru, a purported stockholder, filed a putative class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Central District of California against the Company, Mr. Michery, and Mr. Firer (the “Gru Lawsuit”). This lawsuit was brought by Gru both individually and on behalf of a putative class of Mullen’s shareholders, claiming false or misleading statements regarding Mullen’s business partnerships, technology, and manufacturing capabilities, and alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5. The Gru Lawsuit sought to declare the action to be a class action, and sought monetary damages, pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, as well as an award of reasonable fees and expenses. On August 4, 2022, the Court consolidated this action into the Schaub Lawsuit, and ordered this action administratively closed.

In re Mullen Automotive, Inc. Derivative Litigation

On August 1, 2022, Jeff Witt and Joseph Birbigalia, purported stockholders, filed a shareholder derivative action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, purportedly in the right and for the benefit of the Company as a nominal defendant, and Mr. Michery, Mr. Firer, and current or former Company directors Ignacio Novoa, Mary Winter, Kent Puckett, Mark Betor, William Miltner and Jonathan New (the “Witt Lawsuit”). The Witt lawsuit asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, waste of corporate assets, and violation of Section

14 of the Exchange Act primarily in connection with the issues and claims asserted in the Schaub Lawsuit. The Witt Lawsuit seeks monetary damages, as well as an award of reasonable fees and expenses.

No loss contingencies have been accrued in respect of this matter as at December 31, 2023, as the Company can reasonably estimate neither probability of the loss, nor their magnitude (if any), based on all available information presently known to management.

Hany Morsy v. David Michery, et al.

On September 30, 2022, Hany Morsy, a purported stockholder, filed a shareholder derivative action in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, purportedly in the right and for the benefit of the Company as a nominal defendant, against Mr. Michery, Mr. Firer, former Company officer and director, Jerry Alban, and Company directors Mr. Novoa, Ms. Winter, Mr. Puckett, Mr. Betor, Mr. Miltner, and Mr. New (the “Morsy Lawsuit”). This lawsuit asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and violation of Section 14 of the Exchange Act primarily in connection with the issues and claims asserted in the Schaub Lawsuit. The Morsy Lawsuit seeks to direct the Company to improve its corporate governance and internal procedures, and also seeks monetary damages, pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, restitution, and an award of reasonable fees and expenses.

On November 8, 2022, the Court consolidated this matter and the Witt Lawsuit.

Chosten Caris v. David Michery

On April 27, 2023, Chosten Caris, a purported stockholder, filed a complaint against Mr. Michery in the Eighth Judicial Circuit In and For Alachua County, Florida (the “Caris Lawsuit”).  This lawsuit purports to seek damages for claims arising under Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder.  The Caris Lawsuit also seeks punitive damages. On May 17, 2023, Mr. Michery removed the Caris Lawsuit to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida.

No loss contingencies have been accrued in respect of this matter as at December 31, 2023, as the Company can reasonably estimate neither probability of the loss, nor their magnitude (if any), based on all available information presently known to management.

Other contingencies

Accrued debt settlement

As discussed in the Note 7 - Debt, on December 18, 2023, Mullen entered into a Debt Agreement to issue a non-convertible secured promissory note with a principal amount of $50 million, purchased for $32 million, reflecting an $18 million original issue discount. The $18 million original issue discount was considered a settlement cost related to a dispute over financings that occurred during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. The $18 million settlement cost has been accrued as of September 30, 2023 and is included as accrued expenses and other liabilities at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. When the debt is issued, the $18 million liabilities will be reclassified to note payable.

Refund liabilities

As discussed in the Note 3 – Summary of significant accounting policies, the Company’s contract with a certain dealer contains return provision, stating that they may return unsold vehicles after 1 year. Since the Company does not have sufficient relevant statistics of returns yet, we defer revenue recognition until the vehicles have been sold by such dealer or until there is sufficient evidence to justify a reasonable estimate for the amount of consideration to which the Company

expects to be entitled. For any amounts received (or receivable) for which the Company does not recognize revenue when it transfers products to customers, a refund liability is recognized. These liabilities are disclosed in the Note 12 – Accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

NOTE 20 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Related Party Receivable

Prior to its spinoff as a separate entity and the closing of the Merger on November 5, 2021, the Company operated as a division of MTI, an entity in which the Company’s CEO had a controlling financial interest and of which he was CEO and Chairman. Subsequent to the spinoff transaction and Merger on November 5, 2021, the Company processed and disbursed payroll and related compensation benefits for 11 employees that provided services only to MTI and rent costs for facilities utilized by MTI pursuant to a Transition Services Agreement (“TSA”). The terms of the TSA required MTI to repay monthly the amounts advanced by the Company, with penalties calculated at the lower of the prime rate plus 1% or the maximum rate under applicable law charged on the unpaid amounts. The terms of the TSA did not provide for any other payment processing service fee from MTI to the Company except the interest fee on overdue advance balances.

On March 31, 2023, the Company converted approximately $1.4 million of these advances to MTI to a note receivable from MTI. The note bore interest at 10% per year and would mature on March 31, 2025 with a default rate of 15% per annum. By the end of the 2023 fiscal year, the note principal had been increased by additional $0.4 million. The Company incurred approximately $2.5 million and $2.1 million of disbursements on behalf of MTI, and charged penalties and interest in amount of approximately $238 thousand and $179 thousand, by December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. No amounts have been collected for the funds advanced through December 31, 2023. Remaining advances, note and interest receivable as at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are presented within non-current assets of the consolidated condensed balance sheets.

On January 16, 2023, the Company terminated the TSA with MTI, and received cash from MTI in full settlement of all then receivable amounts outstanding (refer to Note 22 - Subsequent events).

Director Provided Services

For the three months ended December 31, 2023, our non-employee directors have earned compensation for service on our Board of Directors and Committees of our Board of Directors in amount of $118,250 in cash and $150,000 in shares of common stock. In addition, the following non-employee directors were engaged in certain other consulting contracts with the Company:

William Miltner

William Miltner is a litigation attorney who provides legal services to Mullen Automotive and its subsidiaries. Mr. Miltner also is an elected Director for the Company, beginning his term in August 2021. For the three months ending December 31, 2023, Mr. Miltner received $14,500 for services rendered. Mr. Miltner has been providing legal services to us since 2020.

Mary Winter

On October 26, 2021, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Mary Winter, Corporate Secretary and Director, to compensate for Corporate Secretary Services and director responsibilities for the period from October 1, 2021

to December 31, 2023, in the amount of $5,000 per month. For the 3 months ended December 31, 2023, Ms. Winter is entitled to $15,000 in consulting fees.

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SEGMENT INFORMATION

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SEGMENT INFORMATION

SEGMENT INFORMATION

NOTE 21 – SEGMENT INFORMATION

Our CEO and Chairman of the Board, as the chief operating decision maker, makes decisions about resources to be acquired, allocated and utilized to each operating segment. The Company is currently comprised of 2 major operating segments:

● Bollinger. The Company acquired the controlling interest of Bollinger Motors Inc. (60%) on September 7, 2022. This acquisition positions Mullen into the medium duty truck classes 4-6, along with the Sport Utility and Pick Up Trucks EV segments.

● Mullen/ELMS. By November 30, 2022, Mullen acquired ELMS’ manufacturing plant in Mishawaka Indiana and all the intellectual property needed to engineer and build Class 1 and Class 3 electric vehicles.

All long-lived assets of the Company are located in the United States of America.

The table below represents main financial information pertaining to the segments (there were no material differences from the last annual report in the basis of segmentation or in the basis of measurement of segment profit or loss).

Segment reporting for the 3 months ended December 31, 2023
	Bollinger		Mullen/ELMS		Total
Revenues	$	—	$	—	$	—
Segment's net loss before income taxes		(8,223,042)		(57,496,575)		(65,719,617)
Total segment assets		158,619,890		222,556,630		381,176,520
Segment reporting for the 3 months ended December 31, 2022
	Bollinger		Mullen/ELMS		Total
Revenues	$	—	$	—	$	—
Segment's net loss before income taxes		(3,897,767)		(375,056,632)		(378,954,399)
Total segment assets		255,966,515		184,985,524		440,952,039

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

NOTE 22 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Company management has evaluated subsequent events through February 13, 2024, which is the date these financial statements were available to be issued. Except as discussed below, management has determined that there were no subsequent events which required recognition, adjustment to or disclosure in the financial statements:

Continued NASDAQ listing

On October 26, 2023, Mullen received approval from the Nasdaq Hearings Panel to continue its listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market. This decision was subject to two conditions:

1. By January 22, 2024, Mullen must demonstrate a closing bid price of $1 per share for 20 consecutive trading sessions to comply with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).

2. By March 8, 2024, the Company needs to hold an annual shareholder meeting, satisfying Listing Rule 5620(a), which requires providing stockholders an opportunity to discuss company affairs with management.

On January 24, 2024, the Company received formal notice from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC confirming the Company has regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).  

Mullen has scheduled its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on February 29, 2024 to regain compliance with the annual shareholder meeting requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5620(a).

Repayment of related party receivables

On January 16, 2024, the Company terminated the Transition Services Agreement between the Company and Mullen Technologies, Inc., and received cash payment in full settlement of all amounts outstanding (including outstanding notes receivable, advances and related interest and penalties) of approximately $2.7 million (refer to Note 20 – Related party transactions).

Repayment of Promissory Note

The Promissory Note issued to NuBridge Commercial Lending LLC for a principal amount of $5 million (with carrying amount, net of debt discount, of approximately $4.9 million as of December 31, 2023 - see Note 7 - Debt) was repaid by the Company on January 31, 2024, further reducing the overall debt of the Company to approximately $2.7 million.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of total expenses in the reporting periods. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, cash flow projections and discount rate for calculation of goodwill impairment, fair value and impairment of long-lived assets, including intangible assets, inventory reserves, accrued expenses, fair value of financial instruments, depreciable lives of property and equipment, income taxes, contingencies, valuation of preferred stock and warrants. Additionally, the rates of interest on several debt agreements have been imputed where there was no stated interest rate within the original agreement. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

Risks and Uncertainties

Risks and Uncertainties

We operate within an industry that is subject to rapid technological change, intense competition, and significant government regulation. It is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including competitive, financial, developmental, operational, technological, required knowledge of industry governmental regulations, and other risks associated with an emerging business. Any one or combination of these or other risks could have a substantial influence on our future operations and prospects for commercial success.

Business Combination

Business Combination

Business acquisitions are accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 “Business Combinations”. FASB ASC 805 requires the reporting entity to identify the acquirer, determine the acquisition date, recognize and measure the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity, and recognize and measure goodwill or a gain from the purchase. The acquiree’s results are included in the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements from the date of acquisition. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their fair values and the excess of the purchase price over the amounts assigned is recorded as goodwill. Adjustments to fair value assessments are recorded to goodwill over the measurement period (not longer than twelve months). The acquisition method also requires that acquisition-related transaction and post-acquisition restructuring costs be charged to expense.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and so near their maturity (generally, with original maturities of three months or less) that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.

Restricted Cash

Restricted Cash

The main part of restricted cash in amount of $7 million relates to escrow account that shall become the property of the party determined in the arbitration with GEM Group (see Note 19 – Contingencies and Claims). The amount and interests earned shall be released only upon further order of the arbitrator, a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction, or by agreement of the parties.

Cash obtained from customer deposits is held by the Company and is restricted from use to fund operations. Refundable deposits were $429 thousand as at December 31, 2023.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses consist of various advance payments made for goods or services to be received in the future. These prepaid expenses include insurance and other contracted services requiring up-front payments.

Inventory

Inventory

Cost of inventories is determined using the standard cost method, which approximates actual cost on a first-in first-out basis. This method includes direct materials, direct labor, and a proportionate share of manufacturing overhead costs based on normal capacity. Regular reviews are performed to identify and account for variances between the standard costs and actual costs. Any variances identified are recognized in the cost of goods sold during the period in which they occur.

On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews its inventory for excess quantities and obsolescence. This analysis takes into account factors such as demand forecasts, product life cycles, product development plans, and current market conditions. Provisions are made to reduce the carrying value of the inventories to their net realizable value.

Once inventory is written down, a new, lower-cost basis is established, and the inventory is not subsequently written up if market conditions improve. All such inventory write-downs are included as a component of cost of goods sold in the period in which the write-down occurs. Adjustments to these estimates and assumptions could impact our financial position and results of operations.

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated economic useful lives of the assets. Repairs and maintenance expenditures that do not extend the useful lives of related assets are expensed as incurred.

Estimated Useful Lives

Description	Estimated useful lives
Buildings	20 to 30 years
Furniture and equipment	3 to 7 years
Computer and software	1 to 5 years
Machinery, shop and testing equipment	3 to 7 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of the estimated useful life or the underlying lease term
Vehicles	5 years
Intangibles	5 to 10 years

Expenditures for major improvements are capitalized, while minor replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the asset lives, are charged to operations as incurred. Upon sale or disposition, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in operations. Company management continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying balances of its property, plant, and equipment may not be recoverable in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” When such events or changes in circumstances are present, we assess the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Income taxes are recorded in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which provides for deferred taxes using an asset and liability approach. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated condensed financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the consolidated condensed financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided, if based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return are accounted for using the “more likely than not” threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement. There are transactions that occur during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination may be uncertain. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no material changes to either the nature or the amounts of the uncertain tax positions.

The Company’s income tax provision consists of an estimate for U.S. federal and state income taxes based on enacted rates, as adjusted for allowable credits, deductions, uncertain tax positions, changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in the tax law.

Intangible Assets, net

Intangible Assets, net

Intangible assets consist of acquired and developed intellectual property. In accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Others,” goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives (including in-process research and development assets acquired in a business combination) are not subject to amortization but are tested for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

Intangible assets with determinate lives are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Amortizable intangible assets generally are amortized on a straight-line basis over periods up to 120 months. The costs to periodically renew our intangible assets are expensed as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company periodically evaluates long-lived assets (both intangible assets and property, plant, and equipment) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a potential impairment may have occurred. If such events or changes in circumstances arise, the Company compares the carrying amount of the long-lived assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the long-lived assets. If the estimated aggregate undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the long-lived assets, an impairment charge, calculated as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets, is recorded. The fair value of the long-lived assets is determined based on the estimated discounted cash flows expected to be generated from the long-lived asset unless another method provides a more reliable estimate. If an impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount of a long-lived asset is recognized as a new cost basis of the impaired asset. Impairment loss is not reversed even if fair value exceeds carrying amount in subsequent periods.

Extinguishment of Liabilities

Extinguishment of Liabilities

The Company derecognizes financial liabilities when the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled, or expired.

Leases

Leases

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 842, “Leases”, which requires a lessee to recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset for the lease term.

Contingencies and Commitments

Contingencies and Commitments

The Company follows ASC 440 and ASC 450 to account for contingencies and commitments, respectively. Certain conditions, as a result of past events, may exist as of the balance sheet date, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated, then the estimated liability is accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be reasonably estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed. Legal costs associated with such loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed.

Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses are expenses that have been incurred but not yet paid and are classified within current liabilities on the consolidated condensed balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue includes revenue from the sale of electric vehicles and is accounted for in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The Company applies a five-step analysis to: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Payments for electric vehicles sales are generally received at or shortly after delivery. Sales tax is excluded from the measurement of the transaction price. The revenue from the sale of electric vehicles is recognized when control of the vehicle is transferred to the customer. In general, the control is transferred at the point of delivery to the customer, signifying the fulfillment of our primary performance obligation under ASC 606. Certain contracts with our dealers contain a return provision, stating that they may return unsold vehicles after 1 year. Since the Company does not have sufficient relevant statistics of returns yet, we defer revenue recognition until the vehicles have been sold by such dealer or until there is sufficient evidence to justify a reasonable estimate for the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. For any amounts received (or receivable) for which the Company does not recognize revenue when it transfers products to customers, a refund liability is recognized. Relevant vehicles transferred to the dealer are presented as “Finished goods delivered to dealer for distribution” in the consolidated condensed balance sheets at initial cost, less any expected costs to recover those products (including potential decreases in the value to the entity of returned products). At the end of each reporting period, the Company updates the measurement of these assets and refund liabilities.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of Goods Sold

The Company’s cost of goods sold includes mainly production costs of vehicles sold in the relevant period as well as a provision for expected warranty expenses.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include expenses such as salaries and employee benefits, professional fees, rent, repairs and maintenance, utilities and office expense, depreciation and amortization, advertising and marketing, settlements and penalties, taxes, and licenses. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses, other than trade show expenses which are deferred until occurrence of the future event, we expense advertising costs as incurred in accordance with ASC 720-35, “Other Expenses – Advertising Cost.” Advertising costs for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were approximately $6.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively.

Research and Development Costs

Research and Development Costs

Per ASC 730, "Research and Development," the Company recognizes all research and developments costs in the statement of operations as they occur. These include expenses related to the design, development, testing, and improvement of our electric vehicles and corresponding technologies. Assets with alternative future uses are capitalized and depreciated over their useful lives, with the depreciation expense reported under research and development costs.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

The share-based awards issued by the Company are accounted for in accordance with ASC Subtopic 718-10, “Compensation – Share Compensation,” which requires fair value measurement on the grant date and recognition of compensation expense for all shares of common stock of the Company issued to employees, non-employees and directors. Generally, the fair value of awards is estimated based on the market price of the shares of common stock of the Company the day immediately preceding the grant date. The fair value of non-marketable share-based awards (granted to employees before the Company became public) has been estimated based on an independent valuation. The Company recognizes forfeitures of award in the periods they occur.

The overwhelming part of share-based awards to employees per employment contracts, and a certain part of contracts with non-employees (consultants), are classified as equity with costs and additional paid-in capital recognized ratably over the service period. A significant part of the Company’s share-based awards to consultants is liability-classified: mainly if the number of shares a consultant is entitled to depends on a certain monetary value fixed in the contract. An accrued part of liability in this case is revaluated each period based on market price of the shares of common stock of the Company, until sufficient number of shares is issued.

The Company has also adopted incentive plans that entitle the Chief Executive Officer to share-based awards generally calculated as 1-3% of then outstanding number of shares of common stock, issuable upon achievement of specific financial and operational targets (milestones) that are supposed to significantly increase value of the Company. This share-based compensation is accrued over the service term when it is probable that the milestone will be achieved. The liability to issue stock (presented within non-current liabilities if the achievement is expected later than 12 month after the balance sheet date) is revalued on every balance sheet date based on the length of the service period, current market price of the common stock and on the number of shares of common stock outstanding – until the shares have been issued, or until fulfilling the milestone requirements becomes unlikely.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We apply fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded at fair value, Company management considers the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as risks inherent in valuation techniques, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair value is estimated by applying the hierarchy as per requirements of ASC 820, “Fair value measurements”.

Expected credit losses

Expected credit losses

The estimation of expected credit losses that may be incurred as we work through the invoice collection process with our customers and other counterparties requires us to make judgments and estimates regarding probability the amounts due to us are going to be paid. We monitor our customers' payment history and current credit worthiness to determine that collectability is reasonably assured. We also consider the overall business climate in which our customers and other counterparties operate. At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, no material allowance for credit losses needed to be recognized to cover anticipated credit losses under current conditions. However, uncertainties regarding changes in the financial condition of our customers, either adverse or positive, could impact the amount and timing of any additional credit losses that may be required.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company maintains cash balances in several financial institutions that are insured by either the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the National Credit Union Association up to certain federal limitations, generally $250,000. At times, our cash balance may exceed these federal limitations. However, we have not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes we are not exposed to any significant credit risk on these accounts. The amounts in excess of insured limits as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are $87.8 million and $154.9 million, respectively.

Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has implemented all applicable accounting pronouncements that are in effect. The following pronouncements have been recently adopted by the Company:

ASU 2022-04 - Supplier Finance Program (SFP). This ASU requires that a buyer in a SFP disclose qualitative and quantitative information about its program, including the nature of the SFP and key terms, outstanding amounts as of the end the reporting period, and presentation in its financial statements. This pronouncement has not had an impact on the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements.

ASU 2016-13 - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (CECL). This guidance, commonly referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”), changes impairment recognition to a model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses.  The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including trade receivables.  The Company evaluated and determined the amendment did not have a material effect on the consolidated condensed financial statements.

The following are accounting pronouncements that have been issued but are not yet effective for the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements:

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The amendments in ASU No. 2020-06 simplify the complexity associated with applying GAAP for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. More specifically, the amendments focus on the guidance for convertible instruments and derivative scope exceptions for contracts in an entity’s own equity. For smaller reporting companies ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect its application to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements. 

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07—Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. It requires all annual disclosures currently required by ASC 280 to be included in interim periods and requires disclosure of significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), a description of other segment items by reportable segment, and applicable additional measures of segment profit or loss used by the CODM when allocating resources and assessing business performance. All public entities will be required to report segment information in accordance with the new guidance starting in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company expects to enhance segment reporting disclosures based on new requirements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." ASU No. 2023-09, which enhances the transparency, effectiveness and comparability of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information related to income tax rate reconciliations and the jurisdictions in which income taxes are paid. The guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect its application to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated condensed financial statements.

Other accounting pronouncements issued but not yet effective are not believed by management to be relevant or to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future consolidated condensed financial statements.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Schedule of Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net Useful Lives

Description	Estimated useful lives
Buildings	20 to 30 years
Furniture and equipment	3 to 7 years
Computer and software	1 to 5 years
Machinery, shop and testing equipment	3 to 7 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of the estimated useful life or the underlying lease term
Vehicles	5 years
Intangibles	5 to 10 years

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ACQUISITION OF SUBSIDIARIES AND CERTAIN ASSETS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

ACQUISITION OF SUBSIDIARIES AND CERTAIN ASSETS

Summary of allocation of purchase price by asset category

	Fair Value
Asset Category	Allocation
Land	$	1,440,000
Buildings and site improvements		41,287,038
Equipment		27,336,511
Intangible assets: engineering design		22,112,791
Inventory		13,198,692
Total Purchased Assets	$	105,375,032

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INVENTORY (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

INVENTORY

Schedule of inventories

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Inventory
Work in process	$	4,010,456	$	3,136,590
Raw materials		18,524,512		13,733,385
Finished goods		226,009		—
Finished goods delivered to dealer for distribution		7,958,552		937,322
Less: write-down to net realizable value		—		(1,000,284)
Total Inventory	$	30,719,529	$	16,807,013

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Schedule of finite lived intangible assets

	December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
					Net						Net
	Cost		Accumulated		Carrying		Cost		Accumulated		Carrying
	Basis		Amortization		Amount		Basis		Amortization		Amount
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Patents		32,447,460		(4,263,548)		28,183,912		31,708,460		(3,445,694)		28,262,766
Engineering designs		16,200,332		(621,075)		15,579,257		16,200,332		(184,274)		16,016,058
Other		1,841,639		(339,493)		1,502,146		745,947		(158,590)		587,357
Trademarks		—		—		—		1,180,138		(115,682)		1,064,456
Total finite-lived intangible assets		50,489,431		(5,224,116)		45,265,315		49,834,877		(3,904,240)		45,930,637
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
In-process research and development assets	$	58,304,612	$	—	$	58,304,612	$	58,304,612	$	—	$	58,304,612
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets		58,304,612		—		58,304,612		58,304,612		—		58,304,612
Total Intangible Assets	$	108,794,043	$	(5,224,116)	$	103,569,927	$	108,139,489	$	(3,904,240)	$	104,235,249

Schedule of future amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets

Years Ended September 30,	Future Amortization
2024 (9 months)	$	3,930,834
2025		5,250,711
2026		5,250,711
2027		5,240,901
2028		5,110,712
Thereafter		20,481,446
Total Future Amortization	$	45,265,315

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DEBT (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

DEBT

Schedule of indebtedness of short term and long term debt

The following is a summary of our indebtedness at December 31, 2023:

	Net Carrying Value
	Unpaid Principal						Contractual		Contractual
Type of Debt	Balance		Current		Long-Term		Interest Rate		Maturity
Matured notes	$	2,398,881	$	2,398,881	$	—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2019 - 2021
Real estate note		5,000,000		5,000,000		—	8.99	%	2024
Loan advances		332,800		332,800		—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2016 - 2018
Less: debt discount		(109,525)		(109,525)		—
Total Debt	$	7,622,156	$	7,622,156	$	—

The following is a summary of our indebtedness at September 30, 2023:

	Net Carrying Value
	Unpaid Principal						Contractual		Contractual
Type of Debt	Balance		Current		Long-Term		Interest Rate		Maturity
Matured notes	$	2,398,881	$	2,398,881	$	—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2019 - 2021
Real estate note		5,000,000		5,000,000		—	8.99	%	2024
Loan advances		332,800		332,800		—	0.00 - 10.00	%	2016 – 2018
Less: debt discount		(270,189)		(270,189)		—
Total Debt	$	7,461,492	$	7,461,492	$	—

Scheduled debt maturities

	2024 (9 months)		2025		2026		2027		Total
Total Debt	$	7,622,156	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,622,156

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WARRANTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

WARRANTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Schedule of fair value of derivative liability on recurring basis

			Quoted Prices		Significant
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	December 31,		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	2023		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Derivative liability	$	20,714,620	$	—	$	20,704,135	$	10,485
				Quoted Prices		Significant
				in Active		Other	Significant
				Markets for		Observable	Unobservable
	September 30,			Identical Assets		Inputs	Inputs
		2023		(Level 1 )		(Level 2)	(Level 3)
Derivative liability	$	64,863,309	$	—	$	64,739,175	$	124,134

Summary of all changes in warrants and other derivative liabilities

Balance, September 30, 2023	$	64,863,309
Loss / (gain) on derivative liability revaluation		6,728,980
Conversions of warrants into common shares		(50,877,669)
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	20,714,620
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	84,799,179
Derivative liabilities recognized upon issuance of convertible instruments		244,510,164
Derivative liability upon authorized shares shortfall		11,978,167
Loss / (gain) on derivative liability revaluation		40,781,976
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity upon authorization of sufficient common shares		(10,183,443)
Financing loss upon over-issuance of shares from warrants		8,934,892
Receivables upon over-issuance of shares from warrants		17,721,868
Conversions of warrants into common shares		(137,062,719)
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	261,480,084

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Schedule of Preferred stock

	Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock			Preferred Stock
	Total			Series A			Series C			Series D			Series AA
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance, October 1, 2022	5,721,897		5,721	1,924		2	1,360,321		1,360	4,359,652		4,359	—		—
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock	(4,146,819)		(4,147)	—		—	(150,265)		(150)	(3,996,554)		(3,997)	—		—
Preferred shares issued to officers	1		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	1		—
Balance, December 31, 2022	1,575,079		1,575	1,924		2	1,210,056		1,210	363,098		363	1		—
Balance, October 1, 2023	1,575,502		1,576	648		1	1,211,757		1,212	363,097		363	—		—
Balance, December 31, 2023	1,575,502		1,576	648		1	1,211,757		1,212	363,097		363	—		—

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LOSS PER SHARE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

LOSS PER SHARE

Schedule of computation of basic and diluted net income per share

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(61,394,898)	$	(376,275,786)
Less: accumulated preferred stock dividends		(21,303)		(638,677)
Net loss used in computing basic net loss per share of common stock	$	(61,416,201)	$	(376,914,463)
Net loss per share	$	(15.32)	$	(6,233.08)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		4,007,791		60,470

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Table)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Schedule of composition of stock-based compensation expense

	For the three months ended December 31,
Composition of Stock-Based Compensation Expense	2023		2022
Directors, officers and employees share-based compensation	$	2,161,387	$	36,376,972
Share-based compensation to consultants (equity-classified)		1,066,548		2,642,074
Share-based compensation to consultants (liability-classified)		10,675,481		1,734,364
Total share-based compensation expense	$	13,903,416	$	40,753,410

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Provision for penalties & settlements	$	26,392,247	$	27,800,000
Accounts payable accrual		3,228,426		2,964,864
IRS tax liability		2,186,436		2,849,346
Accrued payroll		2,102,931		2,406,650
Accrued interest		1,617,759		1,548,724
Legal fees		611,853		868,495
Refund liability		652,200		652,200
Accrued expense - other		1,375,085		2,111,650
Total	$	38,166,937	$	41,201,929

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PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Schedule of property, plant and equipment, net

	December 31,		September 30,
	2023		2023
Buildings	$	48,539,340	$	48,081,466
Machinery and equipment		31,175,282		27,861,452
Land		3,040,303		3,040,303
Construction-in-progress		8,186,675		5,180,642
Other fixed assets		3,953,967		2,824,165
Total cost of assets excluding accumulated impairment		94,895,567		86,988,028
Less: accumulated depreciation		(7,979,326)		(4,955,243)
Property, Plant, and Equipment, net	$	86,916,241	$	82,032,785

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PREPAID EXPENSES AND PREPAID INVENTORY (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

PREPAID EXPENSES AND PREPAID INVENTORY

Schedule of prepaid expenses and other current assets

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
Prepaid expenses and prepaid inventory
Prepaid expense	$	6,686,868	$	8,850,311
Prepaid trade shows		3,779,338		2,731,352
Prepaid services		4,606,224		6,041,111
Prepaid inventory		2,813,722		5,063,965
Other prepayments		1,961,227		2,025,154
Prepaid rent		730,833		47,215
Prepaid retainer		685,243		196,115
Customs surety bond		2,600,000		-
Total prepaid expenses and prepaid inventory	$	23,863,455	$	24,955,223

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OPERATING EXPENSES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

OPERATING EXPENSES

Schedule of Operating Expenses

	Three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Professional fees	$	16,220,998	$	8,652,777
Compensation to employees		7,227,842		44,142,360
Advertising and promotions		6,341,015		2,968,234
Depreciation		3,024,083		4,388,355
Amortization		1,319,877		405,972
Employee benefits		1,879,490		1,033,638
Utilities and office expense		1,584,456		255,039
Listing and regulatory fees		1,491,707		1,301,844
Repairs and maintenance		823,234		181,239
Settlements and penalties		1,911,664		20,844
Lease		198,485		831,090
Executive expenses and directors' fees		284,362		209,044
Other		926,839		605,575
Total	$	43,234,052	$	64,996,011

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LEASES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

LEASES

Summary of lease assets and liabilities and lease costs

	December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	13,400,598		$	5,249,417
Liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, current		(2,137,882)			(2,134,494)
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		(9,230,806)			(3,566,922)
Total lease liabilities	$	(11,368,688)		$	(5,701,416)
Weighted average remaining lease terms:
Operating leases		4.32 years			3.98 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases		28	%		28	%

Operating lease costs:	For the three months ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Fixed lease cost	$	1,316,045	$	771,771
Variable lease cost		56,696		31,288
Sublease income		(167,163)		(63,857)
Total operating lease costs	$	1,205,578	$	739,202

Summary of maturities of operating lease liabilities

Years ending
September 30,
2024 (9 months)	$	2,276,166
2025		5,498,855
2026		4,044,143
2027		3,962,569
2028		3,728,589
Thereafter		1,874,007
Total lease payments	$	21,384,329
Less: imputed interest		(10,015,641)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	11,368,688

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SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SEGMENT INFORMATION

Schedule of all revenue presented in these financial statements relates to contracts with customers located in the United States of America

Segment reporting for the 3 months ended December 31, 2023
	Bollinger		Mullen/ELMS		Total
Revenues	$	—	$	—	$	—
Segment's net loss before income taxes		(8,223,042)		(57,496,575)		(65,719,617)
Total segment assets		158,619,890		222,556,630		381,176,520
Segment reporting for the 3 months ended December 31, 2022
	Bollinger		Mullen/ELMS		Total
Revenues	$	—	$	—	$	—
Segment's net loss before income taxes		(3,897,767)		(375,056,632)		(378,954,399)
Total segment assets		255,966,515		184,985,524		440,952,039

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DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Details)					1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended
	Dec. 21, 2023 shares	Aug. 11, 2023	May 04, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 shares	Aug. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023 shares
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Reverse stock ratio	0.01	0.11	0.04		0.01	0.01	0.04
Fractional shares								0
Shares issued to avoid fractional shares on reverse stock split (in shares)	321,036
Decrease in equity of reverse stock | $				$ 833,431
Series B Preferred Stock
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding					0			0
Minimum
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Reverse stock ratio	0.5
Maximum
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Reverse stock ratio	0.01
Equity Incentive Plan, 2022
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Additional shares authorized								52,000,000
Bollinger Motors, Inc
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Beneficial ownership					60.00%			60.00%

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LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES, AND GOING CONCERN CONSIDERATION (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES, AND GOING CONCERN CONSIDERATION
Cash and restricted cash	$ 88,939,236	$ 107,429,211	$ 155,696,470	$ 84,375,085
Cash from operations	(59,891,553)	(33,227,692)
Net working capital	47,100,000
Working capital excluding derivative liabilities	79,300,000
Net loss	(63,993,379)	$ (378,460,745)
Accumulated deficit	$ (1,923,556,935)		$ (1,862,162,037)

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Property, Plant, and Equipment, net (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Buildings | Maximum
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	30 years
Buildings | Minimum
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	20 years
Furniture and equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	7 years
Furniture and equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	3 years
Computer and software | Maximum
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	5 years
Computer and software | Minimum
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	1 year
Machinery, shop and testing equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	7 years
Machinery, shop and testing equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	3 years
Vehicles
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	5 years
Intangibles | Maximum
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	10 years
Intangibles | Minimum
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	5 years

XML

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
Escrow deposit	$ 7,000
Refundable deposits	429
Amounts in excess of insured limits	87,800		$ 154,900
General and administrative ("G&A") expenses
Advertising costs	$ 6,300	$ 3,000
Minimum
Share-based awards granted to Chief Executive Office (as a percent)	1.00%
Maximum
Amortization period	120 months
Share-based awards granted to Chief Executive Office (as a percent)	3.00%

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ACQUISITION OF SUBSIDIARIES AND CERTAIN ASSETS (Details) - ELMS $ in Millions	Nov. 30, 2022 item	Oct. 13, 2022 USD ($)
Business Acquisition
Approximate sale consideration approved | $		$ 105
Number of vehicles | item	50,000

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ACQUISITION OF SUBSIDIARIES AND CERTAIN ASSETS - Fair value allocation of ELMS (Details) - ELMS	Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Asset acquisition
Land	$ 1,440,000
Buildings and site improvements	41,287,038
Equipment	27,336,511
Intangible assets: engineering design	22,112,791
Inventory	13,198,692
Total Purchased Assets	$ 105,375,032

XML

INVENTORY - Components (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
INVENTORY
Work in process	$ 4,010,456	$ 3,136,590
Raw materials	18,524,512	13,733,385
Finished goods	226,009
Finished goods delivered to dealer for distribution	7,958,552	937,322
Less: write-down to net realizable value		(1,000,284)
Total Inventories	$ 30,719,529	$ 16,807,013

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INVENTORY (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
INVENTORY
Inventories consumed for R&D activities	$ 65

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill	$ 28,846,832		$ 28,846,832
Impairment of goodwill	$ 0	$ 63,988,000

XML

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Other intangible assets (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
ELMS/Legacy Mullen
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Impairment loss of intangible assets		$ 5,873,000
Intellectual property
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Weighted average Useful life	8 years 8 months 12 days

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Intangible assets - Total (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 50,489,431	$ 49,834,877
Accumulated Amortization	(5,224,116)	(3,904,240)
Net Carrying Amount	45,265,315	45,930,637
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets	58,304,612	58,304,612
Total Intangible Assets, Gross	108,794,043	108,139,489
Total Intangible Assets	103,569,927	104,235,249
In-process research and development assets
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets	58,304,612	58,304,612
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Amount	32,447,460	31,708,460
Accumulated Amortization	(4,263,548)	(3,445,694)
Net Carrying Amount	28,183,912	28,262,766
Engineer Design - ELMS
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Amount	16,200,332	16,200,332
Accumulated Amortization	(621,075)	(184,274)
Net Carrying Amount	15,579,257	16,016,058
Other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Amount	1,841,639	745,947
Accumulated Amortization	(339,493)	(158,590)
Net Carrying Amount	$ 1,502,146	587,357
Trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Amount		1,180,138
Accumulated Amortization		(115,682)
Net Carrying Amount		$ 1,064,456

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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Future amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
Future Amortization Expense
2024 (9 months)	$ 3,930,834
2025	5,250,711
2026	5,250,711
2027	5,240,901
2028	5,110,712
Thereafter	20,481,446
Net Carrying Amount	45,265,315		$ 45,930,637
Amortization	$ 1,319,877	$ 2,756,704

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DEBT - Summary of our indebtedness (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Net Carrying Value Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 7,622,156	$ 7,461,492
Current	7,622,156	7,461,492
Less: debt discount	(109,525)	(270,189)
Less: debt discount (Current)	(109,525)	(270,189)
Matured notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Net Carrying Value Unpaid Principal Balance	2,398,881	2,398,881
Current	$ 2,398,881	$ 2,398,881
Matured notes | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual Interest Rate	10.00%	10.00%
Matured notes | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual Interest Rate	0.00%	0.00%
Real Estate note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Net Carrying Value Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 5,000,000	$ 5,000,000
Current	$ 5,000,000	$ 5,000,000
Real Estate note | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual Interest Rate	8.99%	8.99%
Loan advances
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Net Carrying Value Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 332,800	$ 332,800
Current	$ 332,800	$ 332,800
Loan advances | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual Interest Rate	10.00%	10.00%
Loan advances | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual Interest Rate	0.00%	0.00%

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DEBT - Scheduled debt maturities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Maturities
2024 (9 months)	$ 7,622,156
Net Carrying Value Unpaid Principal Balance	$ 7,622,156	$ 7,461,492

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DEBT - NuBridge Commercial Lending LLC Promissory Note (Details) - Promissory notes - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 07, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 5,000,000	$ 5,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)	8.99%
Amortization of debt discount	$ 1,157,209
Remaining unamortized discount		$ 109,525

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DEBT - Amended and Restated Secured Convertible Note and Security Agreement (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2022	Oct. 14, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount				$ 109,525	$ 270,189
Debt instrument accrued interest				$ 1,617,759	$ 1,548,723
Debt conversion to common stock			$ 1,096,787
Loss on extinguishment of debt			$ (6,412,170)
A&R Note | A&R Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Liability to issue common shares		10,710,000
A&R Note | Esousa Holdings, LLC | A&R Note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of debt converted		$ 1,032,217
Debt discount		64,570
Debt instrument accrued interest		$ 316,127
Liability to issue common shares		467
Debt conversion to common stock		$ 12,945,914
Shares issued for conversion of convertible debt ( in shares)		1,022
Shares issued fair value		$ 5,524,600
Loss on extinguishment of debt		$ (6,452,170)
Shares issuable upon conversion	2,758

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DEBT - Non-convertible secured promissory note (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Dec. 18, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Settlement cost			$ 18
Liabilities reclassified	$ 18
Non-convertible secured promissory note
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount	50
Proceeds from financing	32
Original issue discount	$ 18		18
Settlement cost			$ 18
Liabilities reclassified		$ 18
Interest rate (as a percent)	10.00%
Default interest rate	18.00%
Maturity term	3 months

XML

DEBT - Convertible Notes (Details)			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 21, 2022 USD ($) shares	Nov. 14, 2022 USD ($) tranche $ / shares	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 13, 2023 USD ($)	Nov. 15, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from investors in exchange for notes convertible into shares of the Company's Common Stock				$ 150,000,000
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Derivative Liability, Current
Debt instrument accrued interest					$ 1,617,759	$ 1,548,723
Amendment No. 3 to Securities Purchase Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from investors in exchange for notes convertible into shares of the Company's Common Stock		$ 150,000,000
Remaining Commitment Amount, Number of tranches | tranche		2
Share Purchase Price, Floor price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.10
Additional consideration for issuance of warrants		$ 0
Percentage of Preferred Stock exercisable for warrants		185.00%
Series D Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Original issue price | $ / shares					$ 0.4379
Series D Preferred Stock | Amendment No. 3 to Securities Purchase Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Remaining Commitment Amount		$ 90,000,000
Closing price of the Common Stock | $ / shares		$ 1.27
Amount after reverse stock splits for conversion of preferred stock		$ 28,575
Series D Preferred Stock | Securities Purchase Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Value of right to purchase additional shares and warrants							$ 10,000,000
Convertible notes | Share conversion price lower of (i) $0.303; or (ii) the closing price on November 18, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount After Reverse Stock Splits for Conversion of Debt	$ 6,818
Convertible notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount								$ 150,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)								15.00%
Conversion ratio	1.85
Warrants term	5 years
Derivative liability	$ 244,510,164
Increase in debt discount	150,000,000
Debt instrument interest expense	94,510,164
Amount of debt converted	$ 59,402,877		$ 90,362,418
Accrued interests			$ 3,456,941
Shares issued for conversion of convertible debt ( in shares) | shares	9,815		13,762
Convertible notes | Share conversion price lower of (i) $0.303; or (ii) the closing price on November 18, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion ratio	0.303

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WARRANTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - (Details)		1 Months Ended					3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 14, 2023 USD ($) item shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Feb. 28, 2023 shares	Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jun. 15, 2023 $ / shares	Nov. 21, 2022
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares						$ 0.4379
Warrants exercise price, after reverse stock splits | $ / shares						$ 9,853
Proceeds from issuance of shares and warrants | $						$ 35,000,000
Exercised on a cash-less basis						0
Securities Purchase Agreement
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares		$ 0.432							$ 0.432
Warrants exercise price, after reverse stock splits | $ / shares		$ 388.8							388.8
Proceeds from issuance of shares and warrants | $		$ 45,000,000
Warrants issued (in shares)		214,120
Securities Purchase Agreement | Scenario one
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares		$ 0.52							0.52
Warrants exercise price, after reverse stock splits | $ / shares		$ 468							468
Proceeds from issuance of shares and warrants | $		$ 7,000,000
Securities Purchase Agreement | Scenario two
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares		$ 0.1601							0.1601
Warrants exercise price, after reverse stock splits | $ / shares		$ 144.09							$ 144.09
Proceeds from issuance of shares and warrants | $									$ 100,000,000
Number of shares issued (in shares)									183,731
Warrants issued (in shares)									761,079
Warrants to acquire shares of common stock		1							1
Warrants exercisable									508,159
Securities Purchase Agreement | Scenario two | One Investor
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares		$ 0.1696							$ 0.1696
Warrants exercise price, after reverse stock splits | $ / shares		$ 152.64							$ 152.64
Securities Purchase Agreement | Scenario three
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants term							4 years 6 months
Proceeds from issuance of shares and warrants | $									$ 254,962,776
Fair value of common stock warrants | $							$ 20,704,136			$ 64,739,175
Convertible notes
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants term												5 years
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable | $					$ 150,000,000
Prefunded Warrants | Securities Purchase Agreement
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants exercisable		54,962
Warrants to purchase to common stock		1							1
Prefunded Warrants | Securities Purchase Agreement | Scenario three
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Exercisable on a cash-less basis										0
Preferred D Warrants | Securities Purchase Agreement
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares			$ 0.1
Proceeds from issuance of shares and warrants | $			$ 45,000,000
Preferred C Warrants 2021
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares							$ 8.834
Warrants exercise price, after reverse stock splits | $ / shares							198,765
Preferred C Warrants 2022
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants								132
Preferred D Warrants 2022
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares							1.27
Warrants exercise price, after reverse stock splits | $ / shares							$ 28,575
Percentage of warrants exercisable for common stock							185.00%		110.00%
Warrants term							5 years
Warrants issued (in shares)						263
Exercised on a cash-less basis								10,182
Fair value of common stock warrants | $						$ 55,398,551
Preferred D Warrants 2022 | Securities Purchase Agreement
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants exercise price, after reverse stock splits | $ / shares			$ 2,250
Warrants issued (in shares)			37,000
Exercisable on a cash-less basis									147,672
Fair value of common stock warrants | $			$ 73,260,454
Preferred D Warrants 2022 | Securities Purchase Agreement | Scenario one
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants issued (in shares)		27,671
Preferred D Warrants 2022 | Securities Purchase Agreement | Scenario three
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Exercised on a cash-less basis							2,020,152			2,194,413
Exercisable on a cash-less basis										382,436
Preferred D Warrants 2022 | Convertible notes
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants issued (in shares)				43,616
Exercisable on a cash-less basis									93,664
Qiantu Warrants
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares											$ 234
Number of intellectual property agreement | item	2
Period to use the license under intellectual property agreement	5 years
Market price of the Company's common shares	110.00%
Fair value of warrants | $	$ 6,814,000						$ 10,485			$ 124,133
Qiantu Warrants | Maximum
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants to acquire shares of common stock	3,334
Series D Preferred Stock
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Number of shares issued (in shares)						79,926,925
Investment right amount | $		$ 100,000,000							$ 100,000,000
Series D Preferred Stock | Securities Purchase Agreement
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Number of shares issued (in shares)			273,363,635
Common Stock | Securities Purchase Agreement
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Number of shares issued (in shares)		60,778
Common Stock | Securities Purchase Agreement | Scenario one
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Number of shares issued (in shares)		14,957
Common Stock | Securities Purchase Agreement | Scenario three
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Warrants to acquire shares of common stock										1,438,009
Common Stock | Series D Preferred Stock | Securities Purchase Agreement
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Conversion of stock, shares issued			7,851

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WARRANTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Fair Value of warrant (Details) - Revaluation prior to conversion of underlying instrument	Dec. 31, 2023
Dividend yield
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Embedded derivative, measurement input	0
Volatility | Minimum
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Embedded derivative, measurement input	198
Volatility | Maximum
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Embedded derivative, measurement input	222
Risk-free interest rate | Minimum
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Embedded derivative, measurement input	4.3
Risk-free interest rate | Maximum
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Embedded derivative, measurement input	4.7

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WARRANTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Recurring - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Derivative liability	$ 20,714,620	$ 64,863,309
Level 2
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Derivative liability	20,704,135	64,739,175
Level 3
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Derivative liability	$ 10,485	$ 124,134

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WARRANTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Changes in derivative liability (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
WARRANTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Balance, Beginning	$ 64,863,309	$ 84,799,179
Derivative liabilities recognized upon issuance of convertible instruments		244,510,164
Derivative liability recognized upon authorized shares shortfall		11,978,167
Loss / (gain) on derivative liability revaluation	6,728,980	40,781,976
Reclassification of derivative liabilities to equity upon authorization of sufficient common shares		(10,183,443)
Financing loss upon over-issuance of shares from warrants		8,934,892
Receivables upon over-issuance of shares from warrants		17,721,868
Conversions of warrants into shares of common stock	(50,877,669)	(137,062,719)
Balance, Ending	$ 20,714,620	$ 261,480,084

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - Common Stock (Details)				1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended
	Dec. 21, 2023	Aug. 11, 2023	May 04, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares	Aug. 31, 2023	Jan. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares	Jan. 25, 2023 shares	Jan. 24, 2023 shares
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common Stock, shares authorized				5,000,000,000			5,000,000,000	5,000,000,000	5,000,000,000	1,750,000,000
Common Stock, par value | $ / shares				$ 0.001			$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common Stock, shares issued				5,884,691			5,884,691	2,871,707
Common Stock, shares outstanding				5,884,691			5,884,691	2,871,707
Voting rights							one
Reverse stock ratio	0.01	0.11	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.04
Common stock dividends declared or paid | $							$ 0

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - Change in Control Agreements (Details) - Change in Control Agreements $ in Millions	Aug. 11, 2023 USD ($)
Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Beneficial ownership (as a percent)	50.00%
Board of Directors
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Payment pursuant to change in control	$ 5
Chief Executive Officer | Transaction Proceeds Scenario One [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of transaction proceeds paid as compensation (as a percent)	10.00%
Transaction proceeds threshold	$ 1,000
Chief Executive Officer | Transaction Proceeds Scenario Two [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of transaction proceeds paid as compensation (as a percent)	5.00%
Chief Executive Officer | Transaction Proceeds Scenario Two [Member] | Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Transaction proceeds threshold	$ 1,000
Chief Executive Officer | Transaction Proceeds Scenario Two [Member] | Maximum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Transaction proceeds threshold	$ 1,500
Chief Executive Officer | Transaction Proceeds Scenario Three [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of transaction proceeds paid as compensation (as a percent)	5.00%
Transaction proceeds threshold	$ 1,500

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - Preferred Stock and Series AA Preferred (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Nov. 14, 2022	Nov. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, shares authorized				500,000,000	500,000,000
Preferred Stock, par value				$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Balance, beginning			$ 156,956,709
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock			0
Balance, ending			20,749,719
Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Balance, beginning			$ 5,721
Balance, beginning (in shares)			5,721,897
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock			$ (4,147)
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock (in shares)			(4,146,819)
Preferred shares issued for cash (in shares)			1
Balance, ending			$ 1,575
Balance, ending (in shares)			1,575,079
Series A Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, shares authorized				200,000	200,000
Preferred Stock, shares issued				648	648
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding				648	648
Series A Preferred Stock | Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Balance, beginning			$ 2
Balance, beginning (in shares)			1,924
Balance, ending			$ 2
Balance, ending (in shares)			1,924
Series B Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, shares issued				0
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding				0
Series C Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, shares authorized				40,000,000	40,000,000
Preferred Stock, shares issued				1,211,757	1,211,757
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding				1,211,757	1,211,757
Series C Preferred Stock | Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Balance, beginning			$ 1,360
Balance, beginning (in shares)			1,360,321
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock			$ (150)
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock (in shares)			(150,265)
Balance, ending			$ 1,210
Balance, ending (in shares)			1,210,056
Series D Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, shares authorized				437,500,001	437,500,001
Preferred Stock, shares issued				363,097	363,097
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding				363,097	363,097
Series D Preferred Stock | Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Balance, beginning			$ 4,359
Balance, beginning (in shares)			4,359,652
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock			$ (3,997)
Issuance of common stock for conversion of preferred stock (in shares)			(3,996,554)
Balance, ending			$ 363
Balance, ending (in shares)			363,098
Series AA Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred shares issued for cash	$ 25,000
Preferred shares issued for cash (in shares)	1
Voting rights		$ 57,778
Consideration for redemption of preferred stock	$ 25,000
Series AA Preferred Stock | Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred shares issued for cash (in shares)			1
Balance, ending (in shares)			1

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - Redemption Rights and Dividends (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) D $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Minimum Term of Shares Issued and Outstanding	1 year
Preferred stock redemption, number of trading days | D	20
Preferred stock redemption, number of consecutive trading days | D	30
Dividends payable	$ 423,163		$ 401,859
Series A Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared or paid	0	$ 0
Series B Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividends declared or paid	$ 0	$ 0
Series C Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of redemption price in first year	0.00%
Percentage of redemption price in second year	120.00%
Percentage of redemption price in third year	115.00%
Percentage of redemption price in fourth year	110.00%
Percentage of redemption price in fifth year	105.00%
Percentage of redemption price in sixth year and thereafter	100.00%
Redemption Price | $ / shares	$ 8.84
Preferred stock dividends rate, percentage	15.00%
Series D Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of redemption price in first year	0.00%
Percentage of redemption price in second year	120.00%
Percentage of redemption price in third year	115.00%
Percentage of redemption price in fourth year	110.00%
Percentage of redemption price in fifth year	105.00%
Percentage of redemption price in sixth year and thereafter	100.00%
Redemption Price | $ / shares	$ 0.4379
Preferred stock dividends rate, percentage	15.00%
Dividends payable	$ 400,000
Number of Trading Days | D	10
Number of Consecutive Trading Days | D	20
Average daily trading volume of the Common Stock	$ 27,500,000

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - Liquidation, Conversion and Voting Rights (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) Vote D $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 08, 2022 $ / shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Voting rights	one
Number of votes per share | Vote	1,000
Series A Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Price per share in purchase agreement (USD per share) | $ / shares				$ 1.29
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	648	648
Preferred Stock, shares issued	648	648
Conversion ratio	0.0044
Accrued dividend | $	$ 0.0		$ 0.0
Series B Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	0
Preferred Stock, shares issued	0
Accrued dividend | $	$ 0.0		0.0
Series C Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	1,211,757	1,211,757
Preferred Stock, shares issued	1,211,757	1,211,757
Conversion ratio	0.000044
Original issue price | $ / shares	$ 8.84
Accrued dividend | $	$ 0.0		0.0
Ratio of Trading Price to Conversion Price	2
Trading days | D	20
Consecutive trading days | D	30
Value of average daily trading dollar volume | $	$ 4.0
Series D Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	363,097	363,097
Preferred Stock, shares issued	363,097	363,097
Conversion ratio	0.000044
Original issue price | $ / shares	$ 0.4379
Accrued dividend | $	$ 0.0		$ 0.0
Ratio of Trading Price to Conversion Price	2
Trading days | D	20
Consecutive trading days | D	30
Voting rights	one
Series B And C Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Voting rights	one

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LOSS PER SHARE (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
LOSS PER SHARE
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (61,394,898)	$ (376,275,786)
Accrued accumulated preferred dividends	(21,303)	(638,677)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders after preferred dividends	$ (61,416,201)	$ (376,914,463)
Net Loss per share, basic	$ (15.32)	$ (6,233.08)
Net Loss per share, diluted	$ (15.32)	$ (6,233.08)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic	4,007,791	60,470
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	4,007,791	60,470

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Composition of Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Directors, officers and employees share-based compensation	$ 2,161,387	$ 36,376,972
Share-based compensation to consultants (equity-classified)	1,066,548	2,642,074
Share-based compensation to consultants (liability-classified)	10,675,481	1,734,364
Total share-based compensation expense	$ 13,903,416	$ 40,753,410

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
SHARE- BASED COMPENSATION
Total share-based compensation expense	$ 13,903,416	$ 40,753,410
Research and development expenses
SHARE- BASED COMPENSATION
Total share-based compensation expense	400,000
Employee
SHARE- BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based compensation liability contract amount	25,000
Consultants
SHARE- BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-based compensation liability contract amount	3,400,000
Prepaid costs amount	$ 4,600,000
CEO Award Incentive Plans
SHARE- BASED COMPENSATION
Weighted average term of contracts	12 months
CEO Award Incentive Plans | CEO | Minimum
SHARE- BASED COMPENSATION
Percentage of awards to be issued	1.00%
CEO Award Incentive Plans | CEO | Maximum
SHARE- BASED COMPENSATION
Percentage of awards to be issued	3.00%
CEO Award Incentive Plan 2022
SHARE- BASED COMPENSATION
Percentage of common stock equal to issued and outstanding shares	1.00%
Accrual for future awards amount	$ 1,300,000
Outstanding common stock	100,000,000
CEO Award Incentive Plan 2023
SHARE- BASED COMPENSATION
Accrual for future awards amount	8,000,000.0
Recognized within non-current liabilities	$ 1,500,000

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Provision for penalties & settlements	$ 26,392,247	$ 27,800,000
Accounts payable accrual	3,228,426	2,964,864
IRS tax liability	2,186,436	2,849,346
Accrued payroll	2,102,931	2,406,650
Accrued interest	1,617,759	1,548,724
Legal fees	611,853	868,495
Refund liability	652,200	652,200
Accrued expense - other	1,375,085	2,111,650
Total	$ 38,166,937	$ 41,201,929

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LIABILITY TO ISSUE STOCK (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Schedule of Liability to Issue Stock [Line items]
Liability to issue shares	$ 11,489,068	$ 9,935,950
Liability to issue shares, net of current portion	1,527,153	$ 1,827,889
CEO
Schedule of Liability to Issue Stock [Line items]
Liability to issue shares	7,800,000
Liability to issue shares, net of current portion	1,500,000
Consultants
Schedule of Liability to Issue Stock [Line items]
Liability to issue shares	3,400,000
Other parties
Schedule of Liability to Issue Stock [Line items]
Liability to issue shares, net of current portion	$ 200,000

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PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of assets excluding accumulated impairment	$ 94,895,567		$ 86,988,028
Less: accumulated depreciation	(7,979,326)		(4,955,243)
Property, Plant, and Equipment, net	86,916,241		82,032,785
Depreciation	3,024,083	$ 2,037,623
Impairment loss	0
Mullen/ELMS
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Impairment loss			13,519,492
Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of assets excluding accumulated impairment	48,539,340		48,081,466
Machinery and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of assets excluding accumulated impairment	31,175,282		27,861,452
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of assets excluding accumulated impairment	3,040,303		3,040,303
Construction-in-progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of assets excluding accumulated impairment	8,186,675		5,180,642
Other fixed assets
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of assets excluding accumulated impairment	$ 3,953,967		$ 2,824,165

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PREPAID EXPENSES AND PREPAID INVENTORY (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Prepaid expenses and prepaid inventories
Prepaid expense	$ 6,686,868	$ 8,850,311
Prepaid trade shows	3,779,338	2,731,352
Prepaid services	4,606,224	6,041,111
Prepaid inventory	2,813,722	5,063,965
Other prepayments	1,961,227	2,025,154
Prepaid rent	730,833	47,215
Prepaid retainer	685,243	196,115
Customs surety bond	2,600,000
Total prepaid expenses and prepaid inventory	$ 23,863,455	$ 24,955,223

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OPERATING EXPENSES (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
OPERATING EXPENSES
Professional fees	$ 16,220,998	$ 8,652,777
Compensation to employees	7,227,842	44,142,360
Advertising and promotions	6,341,015	2,968,234
Depreciation	3,024,083	4,388,355
Amortization	1,319,877	405,972
Employee benefits	1,879,490	1,033,638
Utilities and office expense	1,584,456	255,039
Listing and regulatory fees	1,491,707	1,301,844
Repairs and maintenance	823,234	181,239
Settlements and penalties	1,911,664	20,844
Lease	198,485	831,090
Executive expenses and directors' fees	284,362	209,044
Other	926,839	605,575
Total	$ 43,234,052	$ 64,996,011

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OPERATING EXPENSES - Research and development (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Research & Development
Research and development	$ 16,169,967	$ 8,622,009

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LEASES - Lease assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 13,400,598	$ 5,249,417
Liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, current	(2,137,882)	(2,134,494)
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	(9,230,806)	(3,566,922)
Total lease liabilities	$ (11,368,688)	$ (5,701,416)
Weighted average remaining lease terms: Operating leases	4 years 3 months 25 days	3 years 11 months 23 days
Weighted average discount rate: Operating leases	28.00%	28.00%

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LEASES - Operating lease costs (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating lease costs:
Fixed lease cost	$ 1,316,045	$ 771,771
Variable lease cost	56,696	31,288
Sublease income	(167,163)	(63,857)
Total operating lease costs	$ 1,205,578	$ 739,202

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LEASES - Maturities of operating lease liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Year ending December 31,
2024 (9 months)	$ 2,276,166
2025	5,498,855
2026	4,044,143
2027	3,962,569
2028	3,728,589
Thereafter	1,874,007
Total lease payments	21,384,329
Less: imputed interest	(10,015,641)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 11,368,688	$ 5,701,416

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LEASES - Additional Information (Details)		3 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2023 USD ($) ft²	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Option to extend		true
Option to terminate		true
Lease		$ 198,485	$ 831,090
Fullerton, California Premises [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease term	5 years
Area of land given on lease (sq. ft) | ft²	122,000
Monthly base rent	$ 2,992,000
Annual rent increase (as a percent)	4.00%
Lease	$ 715,000
Security deposit	$ 1,000,000
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease term		1 year
Renewal term		1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease term		3 years
Renewal term		5 years

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CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
TOA Trading LLC Litigation
CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS
Loss contingencies accrued	$ 0
Trinon Coleman v. David Michery et al
CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS
Loss contingencies accrued	0
In re Mullen Automotive, Inc. Securities Litigation
CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS
Loss contingencies accrued	0
In re Mullen Automotive, Inc. Derivative Litigation
CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS
Loss contingencies accrued	0
Chosten Caris V David Michery
CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS
Loss contingencies accrued	$ 0

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CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS - Qiantu Motor (Suzhou) Ltd. (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Qiantu Motor (Suzhou) Ltd.
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Loss contingencies accrued	$ 0

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CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS - International Business Machines (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Lawsuit with IBM
CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS
Losses on settlement	$ (5.9)

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CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS - DBI Lease Buyback Servicing LLC, Drawbridge Investments LLC (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 02, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Jan. 24, 2024
CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS
Escrow Deposit		$ 7,000,000
DBI Lease Buyback Servicing LLC, Drawbridge Investments LLC
CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS
Option to purchase maximum value of stock and warrants.	$ 25,000,000
Damages in Drawbridge assets	$ 100,000,000
Litigation settlement, amount		$ 1,950,000
GEM Group
CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS
Escrow Deposit			$ 24,114,921

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CONTINGENCIES AND CLAIMS - other contingencies - Accrued debt settlement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Dec. 18, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Settlement cost			$ 18
Liabilities reclassified	$ 18
Non-convertible Secured Promissory Note [Member]
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Principal amount	50
Proceeds from financing	32
Original issue discount	$ 18		18
Settlement cost			$ 18
Liabilities reclassified		$ 18

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - Related Party Note Receivable (Details) - Related Party - Transition Services Agreement - Mullen Technologies, Inc. $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Nov. 05, 2021 employee	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of employees that provided services only to related party | employee		11
Disbursements on behalf of related party			$ 2,500	$ 2,100
Penalties and interest			$ 238	$ 179
Conversion of accounts receivable to note receivable	$ 1,400
Related party transaction rate	10.00%
Default rate (as a percent)	15.00%
Increase in principal amount of notes receivable	$ 400
Prime rate
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Spread on variable rate of advance receivable (as a percent)		1.00%

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTION - Director Provided Services (Details) - Non-employee director	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Compensation service on board of directors in cash	$ 118,250
Compensation service on board of directors in shares of common Stock	$ 150,000

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - William Miltner (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Related Party | William Miltner
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount paid for legal services	$ 14,500

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - Mary Winter (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Oct. 26, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Consulting payments		$ 16,220,998	$ 8,652,777
Consulting agreement | Mary Winters, Corporate Secretary and Director
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Monthly salary under agreement	$ 5,000
Consulting payments		$ 15,000

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SEGMENT INFORMATION - Additional Information (Details) - segment	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 07, 2022
SEGMENT INFORMATION
Number of operating segment	2
Bollinger Motors, Inc
SEGMENT INFORMATION
Business acquisition, percentage of voting interests acquired		60.00%

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SEGMENT INFORMATION (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
SEGMENT INFORMATION
Net loss before income tax benefit	$ (65,719,617)	$ (378,954,399)
Total segment assets	381,176,520		$ 421,705,730
Operating Segments
SEGMENT INFORMATION
Net loss before income tax benefit	(65,719,617)	(378,954,399)
Total segment assets	381,176,520	440,952,039
Operating Segments | Bollinger
SEGMENT INFORMATION
Net loss before income tax benefit	(8,223,042)	(3,897,767)
Total segment assets	158,619,890	255,966,515
Operating Segments | Mullen/ELMS
SEGMENT INFORMATION
Net loss before income tax benefit	(57,496,575)	(375,056,632)
Total segment assets	$ 222,556,630	$ 184,985,524

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details) - USD ($)	Jan. 22, 2024	Jan. 06, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 18, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 07, 2022
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Debt discount				$ 109,525		$ 270,189
overall debt				7,622,156		$ 7,461,492
Non-convertible secured promissory note
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Face amount of debt					$ 50,000,000
Promissory notes
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Face amount of debt				5,000,000			$ 5,000,000
Debt discount				$ 4,900,000
Subsequent Event
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Capital market closing bid price	$ 1
Capital market consecutive trading days	20 days
Amounts collected for the funds advanced		$ 2,700,000
Subsequent Event | Promissory notes
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
overall debt			$ 2,700,000

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (61,394,898)	$ (376,275,786)

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false