rbb-10q_20180630.htm

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, non-accelerated filer or smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of common stock of the registrant: 16,544,627 outstanding as of August 8, 2018.

	June 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	72,788		$	70,048
Federal funds sold and other cash equivalents		—			80,000
Cash and cash equivalents		72,788			150,048

Interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions		600			600

Securities:
Available for sale (amortized cost of $63,157 and $65,587 at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)		61,299			64,957
Held to maturity (fair value of $9,982 and $10,250 at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)		9,986			10,009
Mortgage loans held for sale		281,755			125,847

Loans held for investment:
Real estate	$	876,494		$	839,230
Commercial		407,052			410,812
Total loans		1,283,546			1,250,042
Unaccreted discount on acquired loans		(1,488	)		(2,762	)
Deferred loan costs (fees), net		2,024			1,794
Total loans, net of deferred loan fees		1,284,082			1,249,074
Allowance for loan losses		(14,657	)		(13,773	)
Net loans		1,269,425			1,235,301

Premises and equipment		7,502			6,583
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		7,738			6,770
Net deferred tax assets		7,089			6,086
Income tax receivable		2,170			272
Other real estate owned		293			293
Cash surrender value of life insurance		33,180			32,782
Goodwill		29,940			29,940
Servicing assets		6,134			5,957
Core deposit intangibles		1,280			1,438
Accrued interest and other assets		25,693			14,176
Total assets	$	1,816,872		$	1,691,059

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

	June 30,			December 31,
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	2018			2017
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	306,362		$	285,690
Savings, NOW and money market accounts		424,261			411,663
Time deposits under $250,000		268,967			293,471
Time deposits $250,000 and over		424,816			346,457
Total deposits		1,424,406			1,337,281

Reserve for unfunded commitments		483			282
FHLB advances		40,000			25,000
Long-term debt		49,601			49,528
Subordinated debentures		3,470			3,424
Accrued interest and other liabilities		12,710			10,368
Total liabilities		1,530,670			1,425,883

Commitments and contingencies - Note 13		—			—

Shareholders' equity:
Preferred Stock - 100,000,000 shares authorized, no par value; none outstanding		—			—
Common Stock - 100,000,000 shares authorized, no par value; 16,544,627 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2018 and 15,908,893 shares at December 31,2017		214,025			205,927
Additional paid-in capital		6,680			8,426
Retained earnings		66,804			51,266
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) - net unrealized loss on securities available for sale, net of tax benefit of $551 at June 30, 2018 and $186 at December 31, 2017		(1,307	)		(443	)
Total shareholders’ equity		286,202			265,176
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,816,872		$	1,691,059

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	June 30,					June 30,
	2018		2017			2018		2017
Interest and dividend income:
Interest and fees on loans	$	21,132	$	16,759		$	40,206	$	32,792
Interest on interest-earning deposits		209		209			395		360
Interest on investment securities		603		313			1,163		591
Dividend income on FHLB stock		134		82			253		235
Interest on federal funds sold and other		206		158			443		302
Total interest income		22,284		17,521			42,460		34,280
Interest expense:
Interest on savings deposits, now and money market accounts		998		575			1,700		1,049
Interest on time deposits		2,410		1,993			4,456		3,842
Interest on subordinated debentures and other		920		907			1,833		1,812
Interest on other borrowed funds		129		12			200		29
Total interest expense		4,457		3,487			8,189		6,732
Net interest income		17,827		14,034			34,271		27,548
Provision for credit losses		700		(4,188	)		884		(4,188	)

Net interest income after provision for credit losses		17,127		18,222			33,387		31,736
Noninterest income:
Service charges, fees and other		446		646			912		1,106
Gain on sale of loans		2,085		2,289			3,900		3,786
Loan servicing fees, net of amortization		58		(5	)		27		257
Recoveries on loans acquired in business combinations		5		29			11		57
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance		199		216			398		401
		2,793		3,175			5,248		5,607
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits		4,709		4,243			9,660		8,426
Occupancy and equipment expenses		834		727			1,626		1,471
Data processing		487		454			960		806
Legal and professional		423		296			680		(91	)
Office expenses		192		177			363		331
Marketing and business promotion		262		143			465		325
Insurance and regulatory assessments		213		205			422		410
Amortization of intangibles		77		87			158		181
OREO expenses		—		14			7		28
Other expenses		994		614			2,139		1,651
		8,191		6,960			16,480		13,538
Income before income taxes		11,729		14,437			22,155		23,805
Income tax expense		2,292		5,901			3,872		9,776
Net income	$	9,437	$	8,536		$	18,283	$	14,029

Net income per share
Basic	$	0.58	$	0.67		$	1.13	$	1.09
Diluted	$	0.54	$	0.62		$	1.06	$	1.02
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.09	$	—		$	0.17	$	0.30

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net income	$	9,437		$	8,536		$	18,283		$	14,029

Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale:
Change in unrealized gains (losses)		(379	)		185			(1,227	)		300
Reclassification of gains (losses) recognized in net income		—			—			—			—
		(379	)		185			(1,227	)		300
Related income tax effect:
Change in unrealized gains (losses)		112			(76	)		363			(123	)
Reclassification of gains recognized in net income		—			—			—			—
		112			(76	)		363			(123	)

Total other comprehensive income		(267	)		109			(864	)		177

Total comprehensive income	$	9,170		$	8,645		$	17,419		$	14,206

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

											Accumulated
					Additional						Other
	Common Stock				Paid-in			Retained			Comprehensive
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Earnings			Income (Loss)			Total
Balance at January 1, 2018		15,908,893	$	205,927	$	8,426		$	51,266		$	(443	)	$	265,176
Net income									18,283						18,283
Stock-based compensation						262									262
Cash dividend									(2,745	)					(2,745	)
Stock options exercised		635,734		8,098		(2,008	)								6,090
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes												(864	)		(864	)
Balance at June 30, 2018		16,544,627	$	214,025	$	6,680		$	66,804		$	(1,307	)	$	286,202

Balance at January 1, 2017		12,827,803	$	142,651	$	8,417		$	30,784		$	(267	)	$	181,585
Net income									14,029						14,029
Stock-based compensation						395									395
Cash dividend									(3,849	)					(3,849	)
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes												177			177
Balance at June 30, 2017		12,827,803	$	142,651	$	8,812		$	40,964		$	(90	)	$	192,337

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2018			2017
Operating activities
Net income	$	18,283		$	14,029
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from
Operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of premises, equipment and intangibles		417			664
Net accretion of securities, loans, deposits, and other		(742	)		(881	)
Provision for loan losses		884			(4,188	)
Stock-based compensation		262			395
Deferred tax benefit		(1,897	)		—
Gain on sale of loans		(3,900	)		(3,786	)
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance		(398	)		(401	)
Loans originated and purchased for sale		(208,830	)		(101,210	)
Proceeds from loans sold		130,010			87,387
Other items		2,390			(2,392	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(63,521	)		(10,383	)
Investing activities
Decrease in interest-earning deposits		—			245
Securities available for sale:
Purchases		(31,898	)		(2,000	)
Maturities, prepayments and calls		34,259			2,167
Purchase of FHLB stock and other equity securities, net		(8,010	)		(27	)
Purchase of investment in qualified affordable housing projects		(4,500	)		—
Net increase in loans		(107,957	)		(57,571	)
Purchase of life insurance		—			(10,000	)
Purchases of premises and equipment		(1,103	)		(200	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(119,209	)		(67,386	)
Financing activities
Net increase in demand deposits and savings accounts		33,270			93,373
Net increase in time deposits		53,855			32,398
Net increase in FHLB advances		15,000			—
Cash dividends paid		(2,745	)		(3,849	)
Exercise of stock options		6,090			—
Net cash from financing activities		105,470			121,922
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(77,260	)		44,153
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		150,048			118,713
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	72,788		$	162,866
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period:
Interest paid	$	1,107		$	6,793
Taxes paid	$	6,085		$	9,690
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of loan to available for sale securities	$	—		$	1,000
Transfer of loans to held for sale	$	72,211		$	67,188
Net change in unrealized holding gain on securities available for sale	$	(1,227	)	$	300

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

RBB Bancorp (“RBB”) is a financial holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. Our principal business is to serve as the holding company for our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Royal Business Bank, a California-chartered commercial bank (“Bank”), and RBB Asset Management Company (“RAM”), all collectively referred to herein as “the Company”, “we”, “our” or “us”. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. RBB Bancorp was formed in January 2011 to be the bank holding company of the Bank. RAM was formed in 2012 to hold and manage problem assets acquired in business combinations. RBB Bancorp has no significant business activity other than its investments in the Bank and RAM. In 2016 the Bank became a Community Development Financial Institution and uses any grants we receive to invest back into the low to moderate income areas in the communities we serve.

At June 30, 2018, the Company had total assets of $1.8 billion, gross loans of $1.3 billion, total deposits of $1.4 billion and total stockholders' equity of $286.2 million. On July 31, 2017, RBB completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of 3,750,000 shares of its common stock at a price to the public of $23.00 per share. RBB’s common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “RBB”.

The Bank provides business banking services to the Chinese-American communities in Los Angeles County, Orange County and Ventura County in California and in Las Vegas, which is in Clark County, Nevada, including remote deposit, E-banking, mobile banking, commercial and investor real estate loans, business loans and lines of credit, Small Business Administration (“SBA”) 7A and 504 loans, mortgage loans, trade finance and a full range of depository accounts.

The Company operates full-service banking offices in Arcadia, Cerritos, Diamond Bar, Los Angeles, Monterey Park, Oxnard, Rowland Heights, San Gabriel, Silver Lake, Torrance, West LA, and Westlake Village, California and Las Vegas, Nevada. .

We generate our revenue primarily from interest received on loans and leases to customers, who are predominately small and middle-market businesses and individuals, and to a lesser extent, from interest received on investment securities. We have also derived income from noninterest sources, such as fees received in connection with various lending and deposit services, residential mortgage loan originations, loan servicing and gain on sales of loans. Our principle expenses include interest expense on deposits and subordinated debentures, and operating expenses, such as salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment, data processing, and income tax expense.

We completed four acquisitions between July 8, 2011 and February 19, 2016. Our acquisitions have been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, the operating results of the acquired entities have been included in the consolidated financial statements from their respective acquisition dates. See Note 3 – Acquisitions, for more information about our acquisition transactions.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for Form 10-Q and conform to practices within the banking industry and include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments), which are necessary for a fair presentation of financial results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. These interim unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in our annual report filed on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (our “2017 Annual Report”).

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements were compiled in accordance with the accounting policies set forth in Note 1 – Summary of Significant Policies in our Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in our 2017 Annual Report. The accompanying consolidated unaudited financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to reflect a fair statement of our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. The results of operations for acquired companies are included from the dates of acquisition. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2018.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU" or “Update”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This Update requires an entity to recognize revenue as performance obligations are met, in order to reflect the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity is entitled to receive for those goods or services. The following steps are applied in the updated guidance: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when, or as, the entity satisfies a performance obligation. These amendments are effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Our revenue is primarily comprised of net interest income on financial assets and financial liabilities, which is explicitly excluded from the scope of ASU 2014-09, and non-interest income. Accordingly, the majority of the Company’s revenues will not be affected. In addition, the standard does not materially impact the timing or measurement of the Company’s revenue recognition as it is consistent with the Company’s existing accounting for contracts within the scope of the standard. As an emerging growth company, the Company plans to adopt ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2019, utilizing the modified prospective approach. Company will perform an overall assessment of revenue streams potentially affected by the ASU, including certain deposit related fees and interchange fees, to determine the impact this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Subtopic 825-10). Changes made to the current measurement model primarily affect the accounting for equity securities and readily determinable fair values, where changes in fair value will impact earnings instead of other comprehensive income. The accounting for other financial instruments, such as loans, investments in debt securities, and financial liabilities is largely unchanged. This Update also changes the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments including a requirement that public business entities use exit price when measuring the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for disclosure purposes. This Update is generally effective for public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years and one year later for nonpublic business entities. Based upon an evaluation of the guidance in ASU 2016-01 the Company determined the ASU will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the accounting for other financial instruments, such as loans, investments in debt securities, and financial liabilities is largely unchanged. The Company adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2018 but will continue to monitor any updates to the guidance.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The most significant change for lessees is the requirement under the new guidance to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases not considered short-term leases, which is generally defined as a lease term of less than 12 months. This change will result in lessees recognizing right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for most leases currently accounted for as operating leases under current lease accounting guidance. The amendments in this Update are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, for an emerging growth company. The Company has several lease agreements which are currently considered operating leases and are therefore not included on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under the new guidance the Company expects that some of the lease agreements will have to be recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a right-of-use asset with a corresponding lease liability. Based upon a preliminary evaluation the Company expects that the ASU will have an impact on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company will continue to evaluate how extensive the impact will be under the ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company anticipates adopting this ASU 2016-02 beginning January 1, 2019.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718.) ASU 2016-09 includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. Under ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits and certain tax deficiencies will no longer be recorded in additional paid-in capital (APIC). Instead, they will record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement, and APIC pools will be eliminated. In addition, the guidance requires excess tax benefits be presented as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. ASU 2016-09 also permits an accounting policy election for the impact of forfeitures on the recognition of expense for share-based payment awards. Forfeitures can be estimated, as required today, or recognized when they occur. This guidance is effective for public business entities for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and for nonpublic business entities annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within the reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, but all of the guidance must be adopted in the same period. The Company early adopted the ASU as of January 1, 2017. The Company plans to recognize forfeitures as they occur. The early adoption of the ASU did not have a material effect on the company’s financial statements or disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instrument (Topic 326). This ASU significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that aren't measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace today's "incurred loss" approach with an "expected loss" model. The new model, referred to as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model, will apply to: (1) financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, and (2) certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. This includes, but is not limited to, loans, leases, held to maturity securities, loan commitments, and financial guarantees. For available for sale (“AFS”) debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to what they do today, except that the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. ASU 2016-13 also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity's assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses. In addition, public business entities will need to disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination. ASU 2016-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods for an emerging growth company beginning after December 15, 2020. Entities will apply the standard's provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (i.e., modified retrospective approach). The Company has begun its evaluation of the impact of the implementation of ASU 2016-13. The implementation of the provisions of ASU 2016-13 will most likely impact the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements as to the level of reserves that will be required for credit losses. The Company will continue to access the potential impact that this Update will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company anticipates adopting this ASU 2016-13 beginning January 1, 2021.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230). The new guidance clarifies the classification within the statement of cash flows for certain transactions, including debt extinguishment costs, zero-coupon debt, contingent consideration related to business combinations, insurance proceeds, equity method distributions and beneficial interests in securitizations. The guidance also clarifies that cash flows with aspects of multiple classes of cash flows that cannot be separated by source or use should be classified based on the activity that is likely to be the predominant source or use of cash flows for the item. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and will require application using a retrospective transition method. The Company adopted this statement as of January 1, 2018. The Company believes the requirement to separately identify cash flows and application of the predominance principle is the cash flow item currently applicable to the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. Currently, Topic 805 specifies three elements of a business – inputs, processes, and outputs. While an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a “set”) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required. In addition, all the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs, for example, by integrating the acquired set with their own inputs and processes. This led many transactions to be accounted for as business combinations rather than asset purchases under legacy GAAP. The primary goal of ASU 2017-01 is to narrow the definition of a business, and the guidance in this update provides a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this update should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 and will be applied prospectively for any future business combinations. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350). This Update simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The amendments in this Update are required for public business entities and other entities that have goodwill reported in their financial statements and have not

elected the private company alternative for the subsequent measurement of goodwill. As a result, under this Update, “an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.” ASU 2017-14 is effective for annual and any interim impairment tests performed in periods beginning after December 15, 2021 for an emerging growth company. . Adoption of ASU 2017-04 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities, which is intended to enhance “the accounting for the amortization of premiums for purchased callable debt securities.” This Update shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities purchased at a premium by requiring that the premium be amortized to the earliest call date. Under current GAAP, entities generally amortize the premium as an adjustment of yield over the contractual life of the instrument. The amendments in this Update affects all entities that hold investments in callable debt securities that have an amortized cost basis in excess of the amount that is repayable by the issuer at the earliest call date (that is, at a premium). The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. The ASU’s amendments are effective for emerging growth companies for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. An entity should apply the amendments in this Update on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Additionally, in the period of adoption, an entity should provide disclosures about a change in accounting principle. The implementation of the provisions of ASU 2017-08 will most likely not have a material impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company will continue to access the potential impact that this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of codification Accounting.” The amendments in ASU 2017-09 provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share- entity to apply modification accounting. An entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all the following are met: (1) The fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. If the modification does not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification. (2) The vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. (3) The classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The amendments in ASU 2017-09 are effective for annual periods, and interim within those annual reporting periods, for an emerging growth company, beginning after December 15, 2018. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” This Update allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the new U.S. Federal corporate income tax rate enacted on December 22, 2017. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2018-02 and elected to reclassify the income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act from AOCI to retained earnings. The amount of the reclassification is $72,000, which is the difference between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted 21% corporate income tax rate.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The ASU clarifies certain aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-01. There are two issues addressed that may affect RBB: (1) Equity Securities without a Readily Determinable Fair Value—Discontinuation, and (2) Equity Securities without a Readily Determinable Fair Value—Adjustments. Similar to ASU 2016-01, this ASU is generally effective for emerging growth company fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will continue to assess the potential impact that this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” The amendments in this Update expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. For emerging growth companies, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. This Update has the potential to only impact share-based payments to members of the Company’s board of directors. The Company will assess the potential impact that this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, “Codification Improvements”, which affects a wide variety of topics, including amendments to subtopics: 220-10, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Overall; 470-50, Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments; 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity—Overall; 718-740, Compensation—Stock Compensation—Income Taxes; 805-740, Business Combinations— Income Taxes; and, 820-10, Fair Value Measurement— Overall. The transition and effective date guidance is based on the facts and circumstances of each amendment. Some of the amendments in ASU 2018-09 do not require transition guidance and will be effective upon issuance of ASU 2018-09. However, many of the amendments do have transition guidance with effective dates for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, for public business entities and after December 15, 2019 for emerging growth companies.

On April 23, 2018, RBB and First American International Corporation (“FAIC”) entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), providing for the merger of FAIC with and into RBB, with RBB as the surviving corporation (the “Merger”). Immediately following the effectiveness of the Merger, First American International Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of FAIC (“FAIB”) will be merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank being the surviving bank in the merger (the “Bank Merger”).

Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, which has been unanimously approved by each of the Boards of Directors of RBB and FAIC, at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each share of the common stock of FAIC will be convertible into the right to receive (i) 1.3472 shares of the common stock, no par value per share, of RBB and (ii) $15.30 in cash. Holders of in-the-money FAIC stock options (“FAIC Stock Options”) will receive an amount equal to (1) $51.00 minus (2) the exercise price per share with respect to the corresponding FAIC Stock Option.

Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, RBB and FAIC have agreed that FAIC will repurchase its currently outstanding $17 million of preferred stock held by the United States Treasury and issued under the Troubled Asset Relief Program prior to completion of the Merger (the “TARP Redemption”) and that RBB will assist in financing such repurchase, if necessary.

The Merger Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants made by each of RBB and FAIC, and the completion of the Merger and the Bank Merger are subject to certain conditions. The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights for both RBB and FAIC including, among others, if the Merger is not consummated on or before April 30, 2019, unless further extended in accordance with the Merger Agreement; if there is a Material Adverse Effect with respect to FAIC or RBB; or if the requisite approval of the shareholders of FAIC is not obtained. In addition, FAIC is entitled under certain circumstances to terminate the Merger Agreement and enter into a definitive agreement with a third party providing for a superior offer and, in connection therewith, to concurrently pay to RBB a termination fee in such event equal to $5,000,000 (the "Termination Fee"). The Termination Fee is also payable by FAIC or RBB upon termination of the Merger Agreement in certain other instances as set forth in the Merger Agreement. The Merger is expected to close in the early fourth quarter of 2018.

The foregoing summary of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the full text of the Merger Agreement, which is filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company on April 23, 2018.

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of available for sale (“AFS”) securities and held to maturity (“HTM”) securities at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income:

			Gross		Gross
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
June 30, 2018	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
Available for sale
Government agency securities	$	1,949	$	—	$	(95	)	$	1,854
Mortgage-backed securities
Government sponsored agencies		43,453		0		(1,611	)		41,842
Corporate debt securities		17,755		90		(242	)		17,603
Total	$	63,157	$	90	$	(1,948	)	$	61,299

Held to maturity
Municipal taxable securities	$	4,293	$	155	$	—		$	4,448
Municipal securities		5,693		4		(163	)		5,534
Total	$	9,986	$	159	$	(163	)	$	9,982

December 31, 2017
Available for sale
Government agency securities	$	7,968	$	—	$	(152	)	$	7,816
Mortgage-backed securities
Government sponsored agencies		39,806		17		(608	)		39,215
Corporate debt securities		17,813		161		(48	)		17,926
Total	$	65,587	$	178	$	(808	)	$	64,957

Held to maturity
Municipal taxable securities	$	4,295	$	228	$	—		$	4,523
Municipal securities		5,714		32		(19	)		5,727
Total	$	10,009	$	260	$	(19	)	$	10,250

One security with a fair value of $729,000 and $796,000 at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, was pledged to secure a local agency deposit.

The amortized cost and fair value of the investment securities portfolio at June 30, 2018 are shown by expected maturity below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The following table summarizes available for sale securities with unrealized losses at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position:

	Less than Twelve Months					Twelve Months or More					Total
	Unrealized			Estimated		Unrealized			Estimated		Unrealized			Estimated
(dollars in thousands)	Losses			Fair Value		Losses			Fair Value		Losses			Fair Value
June 30, 2018
Government agency securities	$	—		$	—	$	(95	)	$	1,854	$	(95	)	$	1,854
Mortgage-backed securities
Government sponsored agencies		(1,097	)		28,642		(514	)		12,890		(1,611	)		41,532
Corporate debt securities		(164	)		9,586		(78	)		1,927		(242	)		11,513
Total available for sale	$	(1,261	)	$	38,228	$	(687	)	$	16,671	$	(1,948	)	$	54,899

Municipal securities	$	(163	)	$	4,653	$	—		$	—	$	(163	)	$	4,653
Total held to maturity	$	(163	)	$	4,653	$	—		$	—	$	(163	)	$	4,653

December 31, 2017
Government agency securities	$	(32	)	$	4,039	$	(120	)	$	3,777	$	(152	)	$	7,816
Mortgage-backed securities
Government sponsored agencies		(359	)		23,609		(249	)		11,887		(608	)		35,496
Corporate debt securities		(15	)		5,035		(33	)		1,972		(48	)		7,007
Total available for sale	$	(406	)	$	32,683	$	(402	)	$	17,636	$	(808	)	$	50,319

Municipal securities	$	(19	)	$	2,232	$	—		$	—	$	(19	)	$	2,232
Total held to maturity	$	(19	)	$	2,232	$	—		$	—	$	(19	)	$	2,232

Unrealized losses have not been recognized into income because the issuer bonds are of high credit quality, management does not intend to sell, it is not more likely than not that management would be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery and the decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates. The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach maturity.

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings.

The Company's loan portfolio consists primarily of loans to borrowers within Los Angeles, Ventura and Orange County, California and Las Vegas, Nevada. Although the Company seeks to avoid concentrations of loans to a single industry or based upon a single class of collateral, real estate and real estate associated businesses are among the principal industries in the Company's market area and, as a result, the Company's loan and collateral portfolios are, to some degree, concentrated in those industries.

The following tables present the balance and activity related to the allowance for loan losses for held for investment loans by type for the periods presented.

	Three months ended June 30,
	2018									2017
(dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		Commercial		Unallocated			Total		Real Estate			Commercial			Unallocated		Total
Beginning balance	$	9,962	$	3,926	$	69		$	13,957	$	6,942		$	7,244		$	—	$	14,186
Additions (reductions) to the allowance charged to expense		530		174		(4	)		700		(509	)		(4,489	)		810		(4,188	)
Recoveries on loans charged-off		—		—		—			—		—			629			—		629
Less loans charged-off		—		—		—			—		—			—			—		—
Ending balance	$	10,492	$	4,100	$	65		$	14,657	$	6,433		$	3,384		$	810	$	10,627

	Six months ended June 30,
	2018									2017
(dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		Commercial		Unallocated			Total		Real Estate			Commercial			Unallocated		Total
Beginning balance	$	9,309	$	4,044	$	420		$	13,773	$	8,111		$	6,051		$	—	$	14,162
Additions (reductions) to the allowance charged to expense		1,183		56		(355	)		884		(1,678	)		(3,320	)		810		(4,188	)
Recoveries on loans charged-off		—		—		—			—		—			653			—		653
Less loans charged-off		—		—		—			—		—			—			—		—
Ending balance	$	10,492	$	4,100	$	65		$	14,657	$	6,433		$	3,384		$	810	$	10,627

The following table presents the recorded investment in loans and impairment method as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, and the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2017, by portfolio segment:

(dollars in thousands)
As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2018	Real Estate		Commercial		Unallocated		Total
Reserves:
Specific	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
General		10,492		4,100		65		14,657
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality		—		—		—		—
Total allowance for loan losses	$	10,492	$	4,100	$	65	$	14,657
Loans evaluated for impairment:
Individually	$	3,356	$	3,197	$	—	$	6,553
Collectively		872,088		405,130		—		1,277,218
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality		311		—		—		311
Total loans, net of deferred loan fees	$	875,755	$	408,327	$	—	$	1,284,082

As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2017	Real Estate		Commercial			Unallocated		Total
Reserves:
Specific	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—
General		6,433		3,384			810		10,627
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality		—		—			—		—
Total allowance for loan losses	$	6,433	$	3,384		$	810	$	10,627
Loans evaluated for impairment:
Individually	$	4,843	$	3,638		$	—	$	8,481
Collectively		752,488		384,719			—		1,137,207
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality		317		—			—		317
Total loans, net of deferred loan fees	$	757,648	$	388,357		$	—	$	1,146,005

As of and for the year ended December 31, 2017	Real Estate		Commercial			Unallocated		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning of year	$	8,111	$	6,051		$	—	$	14,162
Provisions		1,198		(2,671	)		420		(1,053	)
Charge-offs		—		(83	)		—		(83	)
Recoveries		—		747			—		747
	$	9,309	$	4,044		$	420	$	13,773
Reserves:
Specific	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—
General		9,309		4,044			420		13,773
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality		—		—			—		—
Total allowance for loan losses	$	9,309	$	4,044		$	420	$	13,773
Loans evaluated for impairment:
Individually	$	2,420	$	155		$	—	$	2,575
Collectively		834,152		412,032			—		1,246,184
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality		315		—			—		315
Total loans, net of deferred loan fees	$	836,887	$	412,187		$	—	$	1,249,074

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis typically includes larger, non-homogeneous loans such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass - Loans classified as pass include loans not meeting the risk ratings defined below.

Special Mention - Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution's credit position at some future date.

Substandard - Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Impaired - A loan is considered impaired, when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Additionally, all loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired.

The risk category of loans by class of loans was as follows at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

(dollars in thousands)			Special
June 30, 2018	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Impaired		Total
Real estate:
Construction and land development	$	94,618	$	—	$	—	$	283	$	94,901
Commercial real estate		483,251		4,439		2,231		3,073		492,994
Single-family residential mortgages		287,860		—		—		—		287,860
Commercial:
Other		308,320		2,364		500		—		311,184
SBA		91,128		—		2,818		3,197		97,143
Total loan	$	1,265,177	$	6,803	$	5,549	$	6,553	$	1,284,082


December 31, 2017
Real estate:
Construction and land development	$	91,619	$	—	$	—	$	289	$	91,908
Commercial real estate		469,422		19,070		5,416		2,131		496,039
Single-family residential mortgages		248,940		—		—		—		248,940
Commercial:
Other		277,518		2,360		888		—		280,766
SBA		126,759		1,778		2,729		155		131,421
Total loan	$	1,214,258	$	23,208	$	9,033	$	2,575	$	1,249,074

As of June 30, 2018, there was no past due loan in single-family residential mortgages held for sale. The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past-due loans at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 by class of loans:

(dollars in thousands)	30-59		60-89		90 Days		Total		Loans Not				Non- Accrual
June 30, 2018	Days		Days		Or More⁽²⁾		Past Due		Past Due		Total Loans		Loans⁽¹⁾
Real estate:
Construction and land development	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	94,901	$	94,901	$	—
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		492,994		492,994		—
Single-family residential mortgages		787		—		—		787		287,073		287,860		—
Commercial:
Other		277		—		—		277		310,907		311,184		—
SBA		—		—		2,173		2,173		94,970		97,143		2,173
	$	1,064	$	—	$	2,173	$	3,237	$	1,280,845	$	1,284,082	$	2,173

December 31, 2017
Real estate:
Construction and land development	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	91,908	$	91,908	$	—
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		496,039		496,039		—
Single-family residential mortgages		1,175		338		—		1,513		247,427		248,940		—
Commercial:
Other		—		—		—		—		280,766		280,766		—
SBA		—		1,426		84		1,510		129,911		131,421		155
	$	1,175	$	1,764	$	84	$	3,023	$	1,246,051	$	1,249,074	$	155
Real estate:
Single-family residential mortgages held for sale	$	697	$	—	$	—	$	697	$	125,150	$	125,847	$	—

Information relating to individually impaired loans presented by class of loans was as follows at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

	Unpaid
(dollars in thousands)	Principal		Recorded		Average		Interest		Related
June 30, 2018	Balance		Investment		Balance		Income		Allowance
With no related allowance recorded
Construction and land development	$	283	$	283	$	286	$	11	$	—
Commercial real estate		3,073		3,073		2,614		130		—
Commercial - SBA		3,197		3,197		1,712		88		—
Total	$	6,553	$	6,553	$	4,612	$	229	$	—


December 31, 2017
With no related allowance recorded
Construction and land development	$	289	$	289	$	296	$	16	$	—
Commercial real estate		2,131		2,131		2,192		297		—
Commercial - SBA		155		155		78		15		—
Total	$	2,575	$	2,575	$	2,566	$	328	$	—

No interest income was recognized on a cash basis for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The Company had six and four loans identified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. There were no specific reserves on TDRs as of June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017. There are no commitments to lend additional amounts at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as TDRs.

As of June 30, 2018, the terms of two loans were modified as TDRs. The modification of the terms generally included loans where a moratorium on loan payments was granted. Such moratoriums ranged from six months to nine months on the loans restructured in 2018 and 2017.

The following table presents loans by class modified as TDRs that occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2018. There were three new TDRs as of June 30, 2018:

The Company has purchased loans as part of its whole bank acquisitions, for which there was at acquisition, evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected.

The outstanding balance and carrying amount of purchased credit-impaired loans at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

For these purchased credit-impaired loans, the Company did not increase the allowance for loan losses during the six months ended June 30, 2018 or for the year ended December 31, 2017, as there were no significant reductions in the expected cash flows.

Below is a summary of activity in the accretable yield on purchased credit-impaired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and for the year ended December 31, 2017:

Mortgage and SBA loans serviced for others are not reported as assets. The principal balances at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows:

The fair value of servicing assets for mortgage loans was $3.0 million and $2.5 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The fair value of servicing assets for SBA loans was $5.7 million and $5.9 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Servicing fees net of servicing asset amortization totaled $27,000 and $257,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The decrease primarily due to increases in servicing income, partially offset by servicing asset write-downs. Write-downs of servicing assets was caused by loan payoffs, primarily caused by customers repaying SBA loans.

When mortgage and SBA loans are sold with servicing retained, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in gains on sales of loans. Fair value is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. All classes of servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires servicing rights to be amortized into noninterest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans.

Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to carrying amount. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual grouping, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular grouping, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income.

Servicing fee income is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal. The amortization of mortgage servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income.

Goodwill is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill resulting from whole bank acquisitions is not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually. The Company has selected December 31st as the date to perform the annual impairment test. Goodwill amounted to $29.9 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the balance sheet. There were no impairment losses recognized on goodwill during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

Other intangible assets consist of core deposit intangible ("CDI") assets arising from whole bank acquisitions. CDI assets are amortized on an accelerated method over their estimated useful life of 8 to 10 years. The unamortized balance at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $1.3 million and $1.4 million, respectively. CDI amortization expense was $158,000 and $181,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively.

In March 2016, the Company issued $50 million of 6.5% fixed to floating rate subordinated debentures, due March 31, 2026. The interest rate is fixed through March 31, 2021 and floats at 3 month LIBOR plus 516 basis points thereafter. The subordinated debentures are considered Tier-two capital at the Company. The Company allocated $35 million to the Bank as Tier-one capital.

The Company, through the acquisition of TFC Bancorp in 2016, acquired TFC Statutory Trust (the “Trust”). The Trust contained a pooled private offering of 5,000 trust preferred securities with a liquidation amount of $1,000 per security. TFC Bancorp issued $5 million of subordinated debentures to the Trust in exchange for ownership of all of the common securities of the Trust and the proceeds of the preferred securities sold by the Trust. The Company is not considered the primary beneficiary of this Trust as this Trust is a variable interest entity and therefore the Trust is not consolidated in the Company's financial statements, but rather the subordinated debentures are shown as a liability at market value as of the close of the acquisition which was $3.3 million. There was a $1.9 million valuation reserve recorded to arrive at market value which is treated as a yield adjustment and is amortized over the life of the security. The amount of amortization expense recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $45,000. The Company also purchased an investment in the common stock of the Trust for $155,000 which is included in other assets. The Company may redeem the subordinated debentures, subject to prior approval by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on or after March 15, 2012, at 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The subordinated debentures mature on March 15, 2037. The Company has the option to defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures from time to time for a period not to exceed five consecutive years. The Company has been paying interest on a quarterly basis. The subordinated debentures may be included in Tier I capital (with certain limitations applicable) under current regulatory guidelines and interpretations. The subordinated debentures have a variable rate of interest equal to the three month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus 1.65%, which was 3.99% and 3.24% at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

The Company has established secured and unsecured lines of credit. The Company may borrow funds from time to time on a term or overnight basis from the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco ("FHLB"), the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("FRB") and other financial institutions as indicated below.

Federal Funds Arrangements with Commercial Banks. At June 30, 2018, the Company may borrow on an unsecured basis, up to $20.0 million, $10.0 million, $12.0 million and $5.0 million overnight from Zions Bank, Wells Fargo Bank, First Tennessee National Bank, and Pacific Coast Bankers' Bank, respectively.

Letter of Credit Arrangements. At June 30, 2018, the Company had an unsecured commercial letter of credit line with Wells Fargo Bank for $2.0 million.

FRB Secured Line of Credit. The secured borrowing capacity with the FRB of $14.0 million at June 30, 2018 is collateralized by loans pledged with a carrying value of $25.2 million.

FHLB Secured Line of Credit. The secured borrowing capacity with the FHLB of $405.5 million at June 30, 2018 is collateralized by loans pledged with a carrying value of $464.0 million.

At June 30, 2018, the Company had $40.0 million at 2.08% in short-term borrowings with the FHLB and $25.0 million at 1.41% at December 31, 2017. There were no amounts outstanding under any of the other borrowing arrangements above at June 30, 2018 and 2017 except FHLB advances.

The asset and liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $3.9 million and $9.8 million, respectively, reflecting an effective tax rate of 17.5% and 41.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $2.3 million and $5.9 million, respectively, reflecting and effective tax rate of 19.5% and 40.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These decreases in income tax expense was consistent with the reduction in the corporate income tax rate following passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 at the end of 2017 and a corresponding decrease in pre-tax income..

The Company leases several of its operating facilities under various noncancellable operating leases expiring at various dates through 2028. The Company is also responsible for common area maintenance, taxes and insurance at the various branch locations.

Future minimum rent payments on the Company’s leases were as follows at June 30, 2018:

The minimum rent payments shown above are given for the existing lease obligation and are not a forecast of future rental expense. Total rental expense, recognized on a straight-line basis, was $895,000 and $742,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into financial commitments to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial commitments include commitments to extend credit, unused lines of credit, commercial and similar letters of credit and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk not recognized in the Company's financial statements.

The Company's exposure to loan loss in the event of nonperformance on these financial commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for loans reflected in the financial statements.

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had the following financial commitments whose contractual amount represents credit risk:

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each client's credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained if deemed necessary by the Company is based on management's credit evaluation of the customer.

The Company is involved in various matters of litigation which have arisen in the ordinary course of business and accruals for estimates of potential losses have been provided when necessary and appropriate under generally accepted accounting principles. In the opinion of management, the disposition of such pending litigation will not have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.

Loan commitments outstanding to executive officers, directors and their related interests with whom they are associated totaled approximately $0.5 million and $2.1 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Deposits from principal officers, directors, and their affiliates at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $45.0 million and $43.8 million, respectively.

The 2017 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (the “OSIP”) was adopted by the Company’s board of directors on January 18, 2017 and approved by the Company’s shareholders at the Company’s annual meeting on May 23, 2017. The OSIP was designed to ensure continued availability of equity awards that will assist the Company in attracting and retaining competent managerial personnel and rewarding key employees, directors and other service providers for high levels of performance. Pursuant to the OSIP, the Company’s board of directors are allowed to grant awards to eligible persons in the form of qualified and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other incentive awards. The Company has reserved up to 30% of issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of the date the Company adopted the 2017 OSIP, or 3,848,341 shares. This represents 23% of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock as of June 30, 2018. As of June 30, 2018, there were 1,363,207 shares of common stock available for issuance under the OSIP. Awards vest, become exercisable and contain such other terms and conditions as determined by the board of directors and set forth in individual agreements with the employees receiving the awards. The OSIP enables the board of directors to set specific performance criteria that must be met before an award vests. The OSIP allows for acceleration of vesting and exercise privileges of grants if a participant’s termination of employment is due to a change in control, death or total disability. If a participant’s job is terminated for cause, then all awards expire at the date of termination.

Under the RBB Bancorp 2010 Stock Option Plan (the “2010 Plan”), the Company was permitted to grant awards to eligible persons in the form of qualified and non-qualified stock options. The Company reserved up to 30% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of the date the Company adopted the 2010 Plan or 3,494,478 shares, for issuance under the 2010 Plan. After approval of the OSIP at the Company’s annual meeting on May 23, 2017, no additional grants will be made under the 2010 Plan. The 2010 Plan has terminated and options that were granted under that Plan have become subject to the OSIP. Awards that were granted under the 2010 Plan will remain exercisable pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in individual award agreements, but such awards will be assumed and administered under the OSIP. The 2010 Plan award agreements allow for acceleration of exercise privileges of grants upon occurrence of a change in control of the Company. If a participant’s job is terminated for cause, then all unvested awards expire at the date of termination.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $262,000 and $395,000 and recognized income tax benefits on that expense of $56,000 and $121,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Holding companies (with assets over $1 billion at the beginning of the year) and banks are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory - and possibly additional discretionary - actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

In July 2013, the federal bank regulatory agencies approved the final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's capital guidelines for U.S. banks. The new rules became effective on January 1, 2015, with certain of the requirements phased-in over a multi-year schedule. Under the rules, minimum requirements increased for both the quantity and quality of capital held by the Bank. The rules include a new common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital to risk-weighted assets ratio with minimums for capital adequacy and prompt corrective action purposes of 4.5% and 6.5%, respectively. The minimum Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio was raised from 4.0% to 6.0% under the capital adequacy framework and from 6.0% to 8.0% to be well-capitalized under the prompt corrective action framework. In addition, the rules introduced the concept of a "conservation buffer" of 2.5% applicable to the three capital adequacy risk-weighted asset ratios (CET1, Tier 1, and Total). The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 at 0.625% and will be phased in over a four-year period (increasing by that amount on each subsequent January 1, until it reaches 2.5% on January 1, 2019). The capital conservation buffer for June 30, 2018 is 11.14% and 12.54% for the Bank and RBB, respectively. If the capital adequacy minimum ratios plus the phased-in conservation buffer amount exceed actual risk-weighted capital ratios, then dividends, share buybacks, and discretionary bonuses to executives could be limited in amount.

Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank's assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total, Tier 1 and CET1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). As permitted by the regulators for financial institutions that are not deemed to be “advanced approaches” institutions, the Company has elected to opt out of the Basel III requirement to include accumulated other comprehensive income in risk-based capital. Management believes, at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, that the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.

As defined in applicable regulations and set forth in the tables below, the RBB and the Bank continue to exceed the regulatory capital minimum requirements and the Bank continues to exceed the "well capitalized" standards at the dates indicated:

				Amount of Capital Required
										To Be Well-Capitalized
				Minimum Required for			Regulatory Capital Ratio Requirements,			Under Prompt Corrective
	Actual			Capital Adequacy Purposes			including fully phased-in Capital Conservation Buffer			Provisions
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio
As of June 30, 2018:
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio
Consolidated	$	260,042	15.23%	$	68,275	4.00%	$	68,275	4.00%	$	85,344	5.00%
Bank	$	252,675	14.84%	$	68,126	4.00%	$	68,126	4.00%	$	85,157	5.00%
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio
Consolidated	$	256,573	18.29%	$	63,114	4.50%	$	98,178	7.00%	$	91,165	6.50%
Bank	$	252,675	18.06%	$	62,963	4.50%	$	97,943	7.00%	$	90,947	6.50%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio
Consolidated	$	260,042	18.54%	$	84,152	6.00%	$	119,216	8.50%	$	112,203	8.00%
Bank	$	252,675	18.06%	$	83,951	6.00%	$	118,931	8.50%	$	111,935	8.00%
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio
Consolidated	$	324,784	23.16%	$	112,203	8.00%	$	147,266	10.50%	$	140,254	10.00%
Bank	$	267,816	19.14%	$	111,935	8.00%	$	146,915	10.50%	$	139,919	10.00%

				Amount of Capital Required
										To Be Well-Capitalized
				Minimum Required for			Regulatory Capital Ratio Requirements,			Under Prompt Corrective
	Actual			Capital Adequacy Purposes			including fully phased-in Capital Conservation Buffer			Provisions
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio
As of December 31, 2017:
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio
Consolidated	$	238,219	14.35%	$	66,423	4.00%	$	66,423	4.00%	$	83,029	5.00%
Bank	$	232,765	14.50%	$	64,214	4.00%	$	64,214	4.00%	$	80,267	5.00%
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio
Consolidated	$	234,794	17.54%	$	60,233	4.50%	$	93,696	7.00%	$	87,003	6.50%
Bank	$	232,765	17.42%	$	60,122	4.50%	$	93,524	7.00%	$	86,843	6.50%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio
Consolidated	$	238,219	17.80%	$	80,311	6.00%	$	113,774	8.50%	$	107,081	8.00%
Bank	$	232,765	17.42%	$	80,163	6.00%	$	113,564	8.50%	$	106,884	8.00%
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio
Consolidated	$	301,802	22.55%	$	107,081	8.00%	$	140,544	10.50%	$	133,851	10.00%
Bank	$	246,820	18.47%	$	106,884	8.00%	$	140,285	10.50%	$	133,605	10.00%

The California Financial Code generally acts to prohibit banks from making a cash distribution to its shareholders in excess of the lesser of the bank's undivided profits or the bank's net income for its last three fiscal years less the amount of any distribution made by the bank's shareholders during the same period.

The California general corporation law generally acts to prohibit companies from paying dividends on common stock unless its retained earnings, immediately prior to the dividend payment, equals or exceeds the amount of the dividend. If a company fails this test, then it may still pay dividends if after giving effect to the dividend the company's assets are at least 125% of its liabilities.

Additionally, the FRB has issued guidance which requires that they be consulted before payment of a dividend if a financial holding company does not have earnings over the prior four quarters of at least equal to the dividend to be paid, plus other holding company obligations.

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value:

Securities: The fair values of securities available for sale are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1) or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for specific securities but rather by relying on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2).

Other Real Estate Owned: Nonrecurring adjustments to certain commercial and residential real estate properties classified as other real estate owned are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized. Fair values are generally based on third party appraisals of the property which are commonly adjusted by management to reflect an expectation of the amount to be ultimately collected and selling costs (Level 3).

Appraisals for other real estate owned are performed by state licensed appraisers (for commercial properties) or state certified appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. When a Notice of Default is recorded, an appraisal report is ordered. Once received, a member of the credit administration department reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison to

independent data sources such as recent market data or industry wide-statistics for residential appraisals. Commercial appraisals are sent to an independent third party to review. The Company also compares the actual selling price of collateral that has been sold to the most recent appraised value to determine what additional adjustments, if any, should be made to the appraisal values on any remaining other real estate owned to arrive at fair value. If the existing appraisal is older than twelve months a new appraisal report is ordered. No significant adjustments to appraised values have been made as a result of this comparison process as of June 30, 2018.

The following table provides the hierarchy and fair value for each major category of assets and liabilities measured at fair value at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value Measurements Using:
June 30, 2018	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets measured at fair value:
On a recurring basis:
Securities available for sale
Government agency securities			$	1,854			$	1,854
Mortgage-backed securities								—
Government sponsored agencies				41,842				41,842
Corporate debt securities				17,603				17,603
	$	—	$	61,299	$	—	$	61,299

On a non-recurring basis:
Other real estate owned	$	—	$	—	$	293	$	293

December 31, 2017
Assets measured at fair value:
On a recurring basis:
Securities available for sale
Government agency securities			$	7,816				7,816
Mortgage-backed securities
Government sponsored agencies				39,215				39,215
Corporate debt securities				17,926				17,926
	$	—	$	64,957	$	—	$	64,957

On a non-recurring basis:
Other real estate owned	$	—	$	—	$	293	$	293

No write-downs to OREO were recorded in for the six months ended June 30, 2018 or for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Quantitative information about the Company's non-recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is as follows:

Weighted-

(dollars in thousands)

Fair Value

Valuation

Unobservable

Adjustment

Average

June 30, 2018

Amount

Technique

Input

Range

Adjustment

Other real estate owned

293

Third Party

Management Adjustments

21%

Appraisals

to Reflect Current

Conditions and Selling

Costs

December 31, 2017

Other real estate owned

293

Third Party

Management Adjustments

21%

Appraisals

to Reflect Current

Conditions and Selling

Costs

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the asset or obligation could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market value exists for a significant portion of the financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and matters of judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on financial instruments both on and off the balance sheet without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Additionally, tax consequences related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a potential effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in many of the estimates.

Fair value measurement and disclosure standards also establish a framework for measuring fair values. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Further, the standards establish a fair value hierarchy that encourages an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and limit the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair values. The standards describe three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

•Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

•Level 2: Significant observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company's own assumptions about the factors that market participants would likely consider in pricing an asset or liability.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market data and information about the financial instruments. The estimates incorporate our assumptions with regard to the impact of prepayments on future cash flows and credit quality adjustments based on risk characteristics of various financial instruments, among other things. The estimates are subjective and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment, and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly alter the fair values presented.

The fair value hierarchy level and estimated fair value of significant financial instruments at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are summarized as follows:

		June 30,				December 31,
		2018				2017
	Fair Value	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Hierarchy	Value		Value		Value		Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	Level 1	$	72,780	$	72,780	$	70,048	$	70,048
Federal funds sold and other cash equivalents	Level 1		—		—		80,000		80,000
Interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions	Level 1		600		600		600		600
Investment securities - AFS	Level 2		61,299		61,299		64,957		64,957
Investment securities - HTM	Level 2		9,986		9,982		10,009		10,250
Mortgage loans held for sale	Level 1		281,755		289,103		125,847		128,972
Loans, net	Level 3		1,269,425		1,326,775		1,235,301		1,236,289

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits	Level 2		1,424,406		1,423,802	$	1,337,281	$	1,336,353
FHLB advances	Level 2		40,000		40,000		25,000		25,000
Long-term debt	Level 2		49,601		42,457		49,528		44,319
Subordinated debentures	Level 3		3,470		3,861		3,424		3,348

The following is a reconciliation of net income and shares outstanding to the income and number of shares used to compute earnings per share (“EPS”):

	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2018					2017
(dollars in thousands except per share amounts)	Income		Shares			Income		Shares
Net income as reported	$	18,283				$	14,029
Shares outstanding				16,544,627					12,827,803
Impact of weighting shares				(298,564	)				—
Used in basic EPS		18,283		16,246,063			14,029		12,827,803
Dilutive effect of outstanding
Stock options				1,002,062					970,672
Used in dilutive EPS	$	18,283		17,248,125		$	14,029		13,798,475

Basic earnings per common share	$	1.13				$	1.09
Diluted earnings per common share	$	1.06				$	1.02

	Three months ended
	June 30,
	2018					2017
(dollars in thousands except per share amounts)	Income		Shares			Income		Shares
Net income as reported	$	9,437				$	8,536
Shares outstanding				16,544,627					12,827,803
Impact of weighting shares				(137,188	)				—
Used in basic EPS		9,437		16,407,439			8,536		12,827,803
Dilutive effect of outstanding
Stock options				915,361					1,035,470
Used in dilutive EPS	$	9,437		17,322,800		$	8,536		13,863,273

Basic earnings per common share	$	0.58				$	0.67
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.54				$	0.62

The Company began investing in qualified housing projects in 2016. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the balance of the investment for qualified affordable housing projects was $9.8 million and $5.7 million, respectively. This balance is reflected in the accrued interest and other assets line on the consolidated balance sheets. Total unfunded commitments related to the investments in qualified housing projects totaled $8.1 million and $4.2 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company expects to fulfill these commitments during the years ending 2027 and 2028.

For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized amortization expense of $322,000 and $119,000, respectively, which was included within income tax expense on the consolidated statements of income.

On July 18, 2018, RBB declared a cash dividend of $0.09 per share for the second quarter of 2018. The dividend is payable on August 15, 2018 to common shareholders of record as of July 31, 2018.

On April 23, 2018, RBB and FAIC entered into the Merger Agreement, providing for the merger of FAIC with and into RBB, with RBB as the surviving corporation (the Merger). Immediately following the effectiveness of the Merger, FAIB, a wholly-owned bank subsidiary of FAIC will be merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank being the surviving bank in the merger. See Item 1, Note 3 herein.

This Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our results of operations, financial condition and financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “would” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

There are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following:

The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this Report. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

The discussion and analysis of the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements are based upon its unaudited consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these unaudited consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The following is a summary of the more judgmental and complex accounting estimates and principles. In each area, we have identified the variables we believe are most important in our estimation process. We utilize information available to us to make the necessary estimates to value the related assets and liabilities. Actual performance that differs from our estimates and future changes in the key variables and information could change future valuations and impact the results of operations.

Our significant accounting policies are described in greater detail in our 2017 audited financial statements included in our 2017 Annual Report, which are essential to understanding Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

RBB is a financial holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. Our principal business is to serve as the holding company for the Bank and RAM. At June 30, 2018, RBB had total assets of $1.8 billion, gross loans of $1.3 billion, total deposits of $1.4 billion and total stockholders' equity of $286.2 million. On July 31, 2017, RBB completed its initial public offering of 3,750,000 shares at a price to the public of $23.00 per share. RBB’s stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “RBB”.

The Bank provides business banking services to the Chinese-American communities in Los Angeles County, Orange County, Ventura County (California) and in Las Vegas (Clark County, Nevada), including remote deposit, E-banking, mobile banking, commercial and investor real estate loans, business loans and lines of credit, SBA 7A and 504 loans, mortgage loans, trade finance and a full range of depository accounts. RAM was formed to hold and manage problem assets acquired in business combinations.

RBB operates full-service banking offices in Arcadia, Cerritos, Diamond Bar, Los Angeles, Monterey Park, Oxnard, Rowland Heights, San Gabriel, Silver Lake, Torrance, West Los Angeles, and Westlake Village, California and Las Vegas, Nevada. The Bank is a Community Development Financial Institution and as such is able to receive grants from the United States Treasury Department. Any grants we receive will be used to invest in low to moderate income areas in the communities we serve.

RBB has complete four acquisitions since 2011. We acquired First Asian Bank (“FAB”) and Ventura County Business Bank (“VCBB”) in 2011, Los Angeles National Bank (“LANB” in 2014 and TomatoBank (“TB”) in 2016. We have entered into a merger agreement with First American International Corp. on April 23, 2018.

The following discussion provides information about the results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and capital resources of RBB and its wholly owned subsidiaries. This information is intended to facilitate the understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to our financial condition and the results of our operations. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements included in our 2017 Annual Report, and the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes presented elsewhere in this Report.

For the second quarter of 2018, we reported net earnings of $9.4 million, compared with $8.5 million for the second quarter of 2017. This represented an increase of $901,000 from the second quarter of 2017. Diluted earnings per share were $0.54 per share for the second quarter of 2018, compared to $0.62 for the same period last year. Included in the net income for the three months ended June 30, 2017 is a recapture of the provision for loan losses of $4.2 million, reflecting the receipt of a guaranteed payment on a SBA 7A guaranteed loan of $629,000 in May 2017 that was previously charged-off and the receipt of $3.6 million in July 2017 pursuant to a SBA loan guaranty that we previously fully reserved for in the allowance for loan losses.

At June 30, 2018, total assets were $1.8 billion, an increase of $125.8 million, or 7.44%, from total assets of $1.7 billion at December 31, 2017. Interest-earning assets were $1.7 billion as of June 30, 2018, an increase of $110.0 million, or 6.87%, when compared with $1.6 billion at December 31, 2017. The increase in interest-earning assets was primarily due to a $35.0 million increase in total loans, a $155.9 million increase in mortgage loans held for sale, partially offset by a $77.3 million decrease in cash and cash equivalents, and a $3.7 million decrease in securities.

At June 30, 2018, AFS investment securities totaled $61.3 million inclusive of a pre-tax unrealized loss of $1.9 million, compared to $65.0 million, inclusive of a pre-tax unrealized loss of $629,000, at December 31, 2017. At June 30, 2018, HTM investment securities totaled $10.0 million.

Total loans and leases, net of deferred fees and discounts, were $1.3 billion at June 30, 2018, compared to $1.2 billion at December 31, 2017 and $1.1 billion at June 30, 2017. Total loans and leases, net of deferred fees and discounts increased $35.0 million, or 2.80%, from December 31, 2017. The $35.0 million increase in total loans was principally due to increases of approximately $38.9 million in single-family residential (“SFR”) mortgage loans, $30.4 million in commercial and industrial loans, $3.0 million in construction loans, which were partially offset by decreases of $3.0 million in commercial real estate loans and $34.3 million in SBA loans.

Noninterest-bearing deposits were $306.4 million at June 30, 2018, an increase of $20.7 million, or 7.24%, compared to $285.7 million at December 31, 2017. At June 30, 2018, noninterest-bearing deposits were 21.5% of total deposits, compared to 21.4% at December 31, 2017. The growth in non-interest deposits is mainly due to marketing efforts by our branches and by branch management.

Our average cost of total deposits was 1.01% for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, compared to 0.83% for the same period last year. The increase is due to increasing market deposit rates due to Federal Reserve actions. Borrowings, consisting of long-term debt, remained constant at $49.6 million as of June 30, 2018 compared to $49.5 million as of December 31, 2017. As of June 30, 2018 we had $40.0 million in advances from the FHLB and $25.0 million as of December 31, 2017.

The allowance for loan losses was $14.7 million at June 30, 2018, compared to $13.8 million at December 31, 2017. The allowance for loan losses increased by $700,000 for the second quarter of 2018. The increase was due to the $700,000 loan loss provision due to normal loan growth. There were zero net charge-offs in the second quarter of 2018. The allowance for loan losses to total loans and leases outstanding was 1.14% and 1.10% as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Shareholders’ equity increased $21.0 million, or 7.93%, to $286.2 million during the first half of 2018 as $18.3 million of net income, $262,000 in stock-based compensation, $6.1 million from the exercise of stock options, which was partially offset by $2.7 million of common dividends declared and a $864,000 decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income. The decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income primarily resulted from decreases in unrealized gains on available for sale securities.

Our capital ratios under the revised capital framework referred to as Basel III remain well-above regulatory standards. As of June 30, 2018, the Company’s Tier 1 leverage capital ratio totaled 15.23%, our common equity Tier 1 ratio totaled 18.29%, our Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio totaled 18.54%, and our total risk-based capital ratio totaled 23.16%. See Regulatory Capital Requirements herein for a further discussion of our regulatory capital requirements. Subsequent to the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017, we raised $60.3 million in common stock (which was net of $1.5 million in expenses) through our IPO, which was completed on July 31, 2017.

	For the three months ended															For the six months ended
	June 30,								Variance							June 30,								Variance
	2018				2017				$				%			2018				2017				$				%
(dollars in thousands except per share amounts)
Interest income	$	22,284			$	17,521			$	4,763				27.2	%	$	42,460			$	34,280			$	8,180				23.86	%
Interest expense		4,457				3,487				(970	)			-27.8			8,189				6,732				(1,457	)			-21.65
Net interest income		17,827				14,034				3,793				27.0			34,271				27,548				6,723				24.41
Provision (recapture) for loan losses		700				(4,188	)			(4,888	)			116.7			884				(4,188	)			(5,072	)			121.12
Net interest income after provision (recapture) for credit losses		17,127				18,222				(1,095	)			-6.0			33,387				31,736				1,651				5.20
Noninterest income		2,793				3,175				(382	)			-12.0			5,248				5,607				(359	)			-6.40
Noninterest expense		(8,191	)			(6,960	)			1,231				-17.7			(16,480	)			(13,538	)			2,942				-21.73
Income before income taxes		11,729				14,437				(2,708	)			-18.8			22,155				23,805				(1,650	)			-6.93
Income tax expense		(2,292	)			(5,901	)			(3,609	)			61.2			(3,872	)			(9,776	)			(5,904	)			60.40
Net income	$	9,437			$	8,536			$	901				10.6		$	18,283			$	14,029			$	4,254				30.33
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.58			$	0.67			$	(0.09	)					$	1.13			$	1.09			$	0.04
Diluted (1)		0.54				0.62				-0.08							1.06				1.02				0.04
Return on average assets		2.18		%		2.29		%		-0.11		%					2.18		%		1.93	%			215.67	%
Return on average shareholders’ equity		13.45				18.27				-1813.55							13.35				15.25	%			1319.41	%
Efficiency ratio (2)		39.72				40.44				-4004.28							41.70				40.83	%			4129.13	%
Dividend payout ratio		16.67				0.00				16.67							16.04				20.13	%			1583.68	%
Average equity to assets ratio		16.21				12.54				-1237.79							16.30				12.66	%			1617.75	%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (3)		14.28				10.70				-1055.72							14.28				10.70	%			1417.25	%
Tangible book value per share (3)	$	15.41			$	12.53			$	2.88						$	15.41			$	12.53			$	2.88
Return on average tangible common equity (3)		15.13		%		21.97		%		-6.84		%					15.05		%		18.38		%		-3.33		%

The principal component of our earnings is net interest income, which is the difference between the interest and fees earned on loans and investments (interest-earning assets) and the interest paid on deposits and borrowed funds (interest-bearing liabilities). Net interest margin is net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets for the period. The level of interest rates and the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities impact net interest income and net interest margin. The net interest spread is the yield on average interest earning assets minus the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin and net interest spread are included on a tax equivalent (TE) basis by adjusting interest income utilizing the federal statutory tax rate of 21% (for 2018) or 35% (for 2017). Our net interest income, interest spread, and net interest margin are sensitive to general business and economic conditions. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, monetary supply, and the strength of the international, national and state economies, in general, and more specifically, the local economies in which we conduct business. Our ability to manage net interest income during changing interest rate environments will have a significant impact on our overall performance. We manage net interest income through affecting changes in the mix of interest-earning assets as well as the mix of interest-bearing liabilities, changes in the level of interest-bearing liabilities in proportion to interest-earning assets, and in the growth and maturity of earning assets. For additional information see the sections on Capital Resources and Liquidity Management and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk included in the Report.

The following tables present average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The average balances are principally daily averages and, for loans, include both performing and nonperforming balances. Interest income on loans includes the effects of discount accretion and net deferred loan origination costs accounted for as yield adjustments.

	For the three months ended June 30,
	2018							2017
	Average		Interest		Yield /			Average		Interest		Yield /
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		& Fees		Rate			Balance		& Fees		Rate
Earning assets:
Federal funds sold, cash equivalents and other (1)	$	79,065	$	549		2.78	%	$	134,089	$	449		1.34
Securities
Available for sale		74,836		519		2.78			40,618		253		2.50
Held to maturity (2)		9,992		92		3.68			6,204		60		3.88
Mortgage loans held for sale		209,423		2,428		4.65			71,356		848		4.77
Loans held for investment: (3)
Real estate		885,630		12,635		5.72			768,585		10,645		5.56
Commercial (4)		377,077		6,069		6.46			378,436		5,266		5.58
Total loans		1,262,707		18,704		5.94			1,147,021		15,911		5.56
Total earning assets		1,636,023	$	22,292		5.47			1,399,288	$	17,521		5.02
Noninterest-earning assets		100,442							95,434
Total assets	$	1,736,465						$	1,494,722

Interest-bearing liabilities
NOW and money market deposits	$	387,116	$	968		1.00		$	302,483	$	536		0.71
Savings deposits		29,499		30		0.40			34,203		39		0.46
Time deposits		666,493		2,410		1.45			701,314		1,993		1.14
Total interest-bearing deposits		1,083,108		3,408		1.26			1,038,000		2,568		0.99
FHLB short-term advances		34,011		129		1.52			5,220		12		0.92
Long-term debt		49,583		849		6.87			49,432		850		6.90
Subordinated debentures		3,459		71		8.26			3,366		57		6.79
Total interest-bearing liabilities		1,170,161	$	4,457		1.53			1,096,018	$	3,487		1.28
Noninterest-bearing liabilities
Noninterest-bearing deposits		271,920							198,126
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		12,930							13,176
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities		284,850							211,302
Shareholders' equity		281,454							187,402
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	1,736,465						$	1,494,722
Net interest income / interest rate spreads			$	17,835		3.94	%			$	14,034		3.74
Net interest margin						4.37						$	4.02

	For the six months ended June 30,
	2018							2017
	Average		Interest		Yield /			Average		Interest		Yield /
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		& Fees		Rate			Balance		& Fees		Rate
Earning assets:
Federal funds sold, cash equivalents and other (1)	$	85,509	$	1,092		2.58	%	$	126,214	$	897		1.43
Securities
Available for sale		72,453		996		2.77			39,737		470		2.39
Held to maturity (2)		9,997		184		3.71			6,207		121		3.93
Mortgage loans held for sale		184,315		4,266		4.67			61,606		1,469		4.81
Loans held for investment: (3)
Real estate		865,588		23,732		5.53			767,138		21,317		5.60
Commercial (4)		380,740		12,208		6.47			373,697		10,006		5.40
Total loans		1,246,329		35,940		5.82			1,140,835		31,323		5.54
Total earning assets		1,598,603	$	42,478		5.36			1,374,599	$	34,280		5.03
Noninterest-earning assets		95,754							91,422
Total assets	$	1,694,357						$	1,466,021

Interest-bearing liabilities
NOW and money market deposits	$	365,909	$	1,636		0.90		$	284,879	$	971		0.69
Savings deposits		30,709		65		0.43			34,174		78		0.46
Time deposits		653,837		4,456		1.37			697,135		3,842		1.11
Total interest-bearing deposits		1,050,455		6,157		1.18			1,016,188		4,891		0.97
FHLB short-term advances		32,565		200		1.24			7,735		29		0.76
Long-term debt		49,567		1,698		6.91			49,414		1,698		6.93
Subordinated debentures		3,449		135		7.92			3,354		114		6.85
Total interest-bearing liabilities		1,136,036	$	8,190		1.45			1,076,691	$	6,732		1.26
Noninterest-bearing liabilities
Noninterest-bearing deposits		269,957							191,975
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		12,114							11,810
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities		282,071							203,785
Shareholders' equity		276,250							185,545
Total liabilities and shareholders equity	$	1,694,357						$	1,466,021
Net interest income / interest rate spreads			$	34,288		3.90	%			$	27,548		3.77
Net interest margin						4.33							4.04

Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest rates. The following table shows the effect that these factors had on the interest earned on our interest-earning assets and the interest incurred on our interest-bearing liabilities. The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the change in volume by the previous period’s average rate. Similarly, the effect of rate changes is calculated by multiplying the change in average rate by the previous period’s volume. Changes which are not due solely to volume or rate have been allocated to these categories based on the respective percent changes in average volume and average rate as they compare to each other.

	Three months ended June 30, 2018 compared with three months ended June 30, 2017									Six months ended June 30, 2018 compared with six months ended June 30, 2017
	Change due to:									Change due to:
(tax-equivalent basis, dollars in thousands)	Volume			Rate			Interest Variance			Volume			Rate			Interest Variance
Earning assets:
Federal funds sold, cash equivalents & other (1)	$	(38,281	)	$	38,381		$	100		$	(14,552	)	$	14,747		$	195
Securities (2)
Available for sale		23,798			(23,532	)		266			19,548			(19,022	)		526
Held to maturity		3,484			(3,452	)		32			3,724			(3,661	)		63
Mortgage loans held for sale		160,483			(158,903	)		1,580			147,558			(144,761	)		2,797
Loans held for investment: (3)
Real estate		167,445			(165,455	)		1,990			137,831			(135,416	)		2,415
Commercial (4)		(2,194	)		2,997			803			9,508			(7,306	)		2,202
Total loans		165,251			(162,458	)		2,793			147,339			(142,722	)		4,617
Total earning assets	$	314,735		$	(309,964	)	$	4,771		$	303,617		$	(295,419	)	$	8,198

Interest-bearing liabilities
NOW and money market deposits	$	21,230		$	(20,798	)	$	432		$	13,978		$	(13,313	)	$	665
Savings deposits		(472	)		463			(9	)		(398	)		385			(13	)
Time deposits		(12,626	)		13,043			417			(12,015	)		12,629			614
Total interest-bearing deposits		8,132			(7,292	)		840			1,565			(299	)		1,266
FHLB short-term advances		10,958			(10,841	)		117			4,718			(4,547	)		171
Long-term debt		259			(260	)		(1	)		264			(264	)		0
Subordinated debentures		191			(177	)		14			162			(141	)		21
Total interest-bearing liabilities		19,540			(18,570	)		970			6,709			(5,251	)		1,458
Net interest	$	295,195		$	(291,394	)	$	3,801		$	296,908		$	(290,168	)	$	6,740

Results of Operations—Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

The following discussion of our results of operations compares the three months ended June 30, 2018 to the three months ended June 30, 2017. The results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018.

In the second quarter of 2018, we generated $17.8 million of net interest income, which was an increase of $3.8 million, or 27.0%, from the $14.0 million of net interest income we produced in the second quarter of 2017. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to a 16.9% increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, plus a 45 basis point increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets, which was partially offset by a 27 basis point increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits reflecting an increase in deposit rates. The increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets reflected increases in securities average balances and loan average balances, partially offset by decreases in federal funds sold, cash and other equivalents, which resulted from the deployment of capital raised in our July 2017 IPO into higher yielding earning assets. Our deposit average balances increased by $118.9 million primarily due to enhanced marketing efforts in 2018. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to a $74.1 million increase in interest-bearing liabilities and a 25 basis point increase in the average rate paid on deposits. For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, our net interest margin was 4.37% and 4.02%, respectively. Our net interest margin benefits from discount accretion on our purchased loan portfolios. Our net interest margin for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, excluding accretion income would have been 4.15% and 3.77%, respectively.

Total interest income was $22.3 million for the second quarter of 2018 compared to $17.5 million for the second quarter of 2017. The $4.8 million, or 27.2%, increase in total interest income was primarily due to increases in loan and securities average balances, as well as increases in yields on loans and securities, partially offset by decreases in average balances on federal funds sold and other cash equivalents.

Interest and fees on loans for the second quarter of 2018 was $21.1 million compared to $16.8 million for the second quarter of 2017. The $4.3 million, or 26.0%, increase was primarily due to a 9.3% increase in the average balance of loans outstanding and a 42 basis point increase in the average yield on loans. The increase in the average loan balance was primarily due to loan growth in single family residential mortgages and commercial loans. Accretion income totaled $922,000 in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $867,000 in the second quarter of 2017. The average yield on loans benefits from discount accretion on our purchased loan portfolio. For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the yield on total loans was 5.98% and 5.56%, respectively, while the yield on total loans excluding accretion income would have been 5.39% and 4.96%, respectively. Due to payoffs of acquired loans, we expect accretion income to continue to decline throughout 2018 in comparison to 2017. However, the pending acquisition of FAIC, if completed, will likely add purchased loan discounts, resulting in increased accretion. The table below illustrates by loan type the accretion income for June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017.

Interest income on our securities portfolio increased $298,000, or 95.1%, to $611,000 in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $313,000 in the second quarter of 2017. This increase is mainly attributable to an increase in average balances of $38.0 million or 81.2%. Securities income reported in the average balance sheet has been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis; interest income reported in the income statement has not been grossed-up.

Interest income on federal funds sold, cash equivalents and other investments increased to $549,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $449,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2017. This increase was primarily due to a 144 basis point increase in the yield on these instruments partially offset by a $55.0 million decrease in average short-term cash investments, as these assets were used to invest in securities and loans..

Interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities increased $970,000, or 27.8%, to $4.5 million for the second quarter of 2018 as compared to $3.5 million in the second quarter of 2017 due to increases in interest expense on both deposits and borrowings primarily from increased interest-bearing balances, partially offset by increased non-interest bearing deposits.

Interest expense on deposits increased to $3.4 million for the second quarter of 2018 as compared to $2.6 million for the second quarter of 2017. The $840,000, or 32.7%, increase in interest expense on deposits was primarily due to a 27 basis point increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits as well as a 4.4% increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits The increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits resulted from growth in NOW and money market deposits partially offset by decreases in time and savings average balances. The increase in the average rate paid was primarily due to the impact of higher market interest rates on deposits.

Interest expense on subordinated debentures increased $13,000 to $920,000 in the second quarter of 2018 as compared to $907,000 in the second quarter of 2017. Interest expense on FHLB short-term advances increased $117,000 to $129,000 in the second quarter of 2018 as compared to $12,000 in the second quarter of 2017. This increase was primarily due to the $28.8 million increase in the average advance for the second quarter of 2018 compared to the second quarter of 2017

The $4.9 million increase in the provision for loan losses from the second quarter of 2017 compared to the second quarter of 2018 was primarily due to a $700,000 loan loss provision in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the $4.2 million recapture of the provision for loan losses, reflecting both the receipt of a guaranteed payment on a SBA 7A guaranteed loan of $629,000 in May 2017 that was previously charged-off and the receipt of $3.6 million in July 2017 pursuant to a SBA loan guaranty that we previously fully reserved for in the allowance for loan losses.

Noninterest income decreased $382,000, or 12.0%, to $2.8 million for the second quarter of 2018, compared to $3.2 million in the prior comparable quarter. The following table sets forth the major components of our noninterest income for the second quarter of 2018 compared to the second quarter of 2017:

Service charges, fees and other income totaled $446,000 in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $646,000 in the second quarter of 2017, primarily due to lower analysis charges due to customers changing treasury management practices, and a non-recurring other loan income of $119,000 recorded in the second quarter of 2017.

Gain on sale of loans is comprised of gains on sale of SFR mortgage loans and gains on sale of SBA loans. Gain on sale of loans totaled $2.1 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $2.3 million in the second quarter of 2017. The following table presents information on loans sold and gains earned for the second quarter of 2018 and 2017:

Loan servicing income, net of amortization increased due to the increase in the volume of loans we are servicing. The increase in the respective servicing portfolios reflects the growth in our originations and sales of single-family residential and SBA loans for the three-months ended June 30, 2018.

Recoveries on loans acquired in business combinations decreased $24,000 to $5,000 in the quarter ended June 30, 2018 compared to $29,000 in the comparable quarter of 2017. This decrease is primarily due to our having completed collections from prior acquisitions.

Cash surrender value decreased $17,000 to $199,000 in the quarter ended June 30, 2018 compared to $216,000 in the second quarter in 2017 primarily due to lower interest rates on bank owned life insurance, or BOLI policies, following the purchase of an additional $10.0 million in BOLI policies in January 2017.

Noninterest expense increased $1.2 million, or 17.7%, to $8.2 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $7.0 million in the second quarter of 2017. The following table sets forth the major components of our noninterest expense for the second quarter of 2018 compared to the second quarter of 2017:

	For the three months ended
	June 30,				Increase (Decrease)
(dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		$			%
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	$	4,709	$	4,243	$	466			11.0
Occupancy and equipment expenses		834		727		107			14.7
Data processing		487		454		33			7.3
Legal and professional		423		296		127			42.9
Office expenses		192		177		15			8.5
Marketing and business promotion		262		143		119			83.2
Insurance and regulatory assessments		213		205		8			3.9
Amortization of intangibles		77		87		(10	)		-11.49
OREO expenses (income)		—		14		(14	)		-100.00
Other expenses		994		614		380			61.89
Total noninterest expense	$	8,191	$	6,960	$	1,231			17.7

Salaries and employee benefits expense increased $466,000, or 11.0%, to $4.7 million for the second quarter of 2018 compared to $4.2 million for the second quarter of 2017. The increase in salaries and employee benefits is attributable to additional staff for expansion, as well as normal salary increases.

Occupancy and equipment expense increased $107,000, or 14.7%, to $834,000 for the second quarter of 2018 compared to $727,000 for the second quarter of 2017. The increase was due to rent at our new Irvine branch location and temporary space for units pending the completion of our new headquarters office.

Legal and professional expense increased $127,000 to $423,000 for the second quarter of 2018, compared to $296,000 for the second quarter of 2017. The increase in expense for the second quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 was primarily due to increased compliance and reporting costs for being a public company.

Marketing and business promotion expense increased $119,000, or 83.2%, to $262,000 in the second quarter of 2018, compared to $143,000 for the second quarter of 2017. This increase was due to increased CRA and other donations, and business development.

Other expenses increased $380,000, or 61.9%, to $994,000 for the second quarter of 2018, compared to $614,000 in the second quarter of 2017. The increase in other expenses is attributable to merger expenses of $183,000 and provision for unfunded commitments of $376,000.

Income tax expense was $2.3 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $5.9 million in the second quarter of 2017. This decrease in income tax expense was consistent with the reduction in the corporate income tax rate following passage of tax reductions passed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 at the end of 2017, the impact of $1.1 million in tax deductions for stock option exercises, and a corresponding decrease in pre-tax income. Effective tax rates were 19.54% and 40.87% in the second quarter of 2018 and the second quarter of 2017, respectively.

Net income amounted to $9.4 million for the second quarter 2018, a $901,000 or 10.6% increase from the second quarter of 2017, primarily due to the growth in earning assets and net interest income, which was partially offset by increased loan loss provision (following a recapture in the second quarter of 2017), reduced gain on loan sales and increased noninterest expenses.

Results of Operations—Comparison of Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017

The following discussion of our results of operations compares the first half ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018.

In the first half of 2018, we generated net interest income of $34.3 million, an increase of $6.7 million or 24.4%, from the $27.5 million of net interest income of the first half of 2017. This increase was largely due to a 16.3% increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, as well as a 33 basis point increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets. The increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets was primarily due to organic growth in commercial and industrial, construction and SFR mortgage loans. For the six-months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, our net interest margin was 4.33% and 4.04%, respectively. Our net interest margin benefits from discount accretion on our purchased loan portfolios. Our net interest margin for the six-months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, excluding accretion income, would have been 4.16% and 3.76%, respectively.

Total interest income was $42.5 million for the first half of 2018 compared to $34.3 million for the first half of 2017. The $8.2 million, or 23.9%, increase in total interest income was due to increases in interest earned on our loan portfolio, securities portfolio and federal funds sold.

Interest and fees on loans was $40.2 million for the first half of 2018 compared to $32.8 million for the first half of 2017. The $7.4 million, or 22.6%, increase in interest income on loans was primarily due to an 8.1% increase in the average balance of loans outstanding primarily due to organic loan growth in commercial and industrial, SFR mortgage loans and construction loans during 2018. The average yield on loans benefits from discount accretion on our acquired loan portfolios. For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the yield on total loans was 5.88% and 5.54%, respectively, while the yield on total loans excluding accretion income would have been 5.67% and 5.19%, respectively. A substantial portion of our acquired loan portfolio that is subject to discount accretion consists of commercial real estate loans. The table below illustrates by loan type the accretion income for the first half of 2018 and 2017:

Interest income on our securities portfolio increased $571,000, or 96.6%, to $1.2 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $591,000 in the first half of 2017. The increase in interest income on securities was primarily due to an increase in the average balance of the portfolio of $36.5 million, or 79.5%, and by a 30 basis point increase in the average yield on securities. Securities income reported in the average balance sheet has been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis; interest income reported in the income statement has not been grossed-up.

Interest income on our federal funds sold, cash equivalents and other investments increased $195,000, or 21.7%, to $1.1 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $897,000 in the first half of 2017. The increase in interest income on cash equivalents was partially due to a 115 basis point increase in average yield of cash equivalents partially offset by a decrease in the average balance of $40.7 million. The main reasons for the increased yield were the increase in the federal funds rate over the period.

Interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities increased $1.5 million, or 21.7%, to $8.2 million in in the first half of 2018 compared to $6.7 million in the first half of 2017 due to increases in balances and rates on interest bearing liabilities.

Interest expense on deposits increased to $6.2 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $4.9 million in the first half of 2017. The $1.3 million, or 25.9%, increase in interest expense on deposits was primarily due to a 3.4% increase in the average balance of deposits, combined with a 21 basis point increase in rates. The increase in the average balance of deposits resulted primarily from normal growth of deposit accounts.

Interest expense on borrowings increased to $2.0 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $1.8 million in the first half of 2017. This increase reflected increased interest expense on subordinated debentures and other borrowed funds, consisting of FHLB short-term advances of less than 90-days. The increase was due to the Bank increasing average borrowings of FHLB short-term advances during the first half of 2018.

Provision for (or Recapture of) Loan Losses. In the first half of 2018 there was a provision for loan loss expense of $884,000 due to normal loan growth, compared to $4.2 million recapture in the provision for loan losses for the first half of 2017. The recapture reflects both the receipt of a guaranteed payment on a SBA 7A guaranteed loan of $629,000 in May 2017 that was previously charged-off and the receipt of $3.6 million in July 2017 pursuant to a SBA loan guaranty that we previously fully reserved for in the allowance for loan losses.

Noninterest Income. Noninterest income decreased $358,000 or 6.4%, to $5.2 million in the first half of 2018. The following table sets forth major components of our noninterest income for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017:

Noninterest income from service charges, fees and other income decreased to $911,000 in the first half of 2018 compared to $1.1 million in the first half of 2017. The decrease resulted from lower analysis charges due to customers changing treasury management practices, and non-recurring other loan income of $119,000 recorded in the first half of 2017.

Our gain on sale of loans increased to $3.9 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $3.8 million in the first half of 2017 due to an increased amount of sales of mortgage loans. We sold $91.8 million in SFR mortgage loans in the first half of 2018 compared to $37.7 million in the same period of 2017. The gain on sale of SFR mortgage loans was $2.2 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $802,000 in the first half of 2017, accounting for a $1.4 million increase.

We sold $35.6 million of SBA loans in the first half of 2018 compared to $46.3 million in the same period of 2017, resulting in a gain on sale of loans of $1.7 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $3.0 million in the same period of 2017.

Our loan servicing income, net of amortization decreased by $230,000 to $27,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $257,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to write-downs in the serving assets due to pay-off of serviced loans in the SBA area offset by the increase in loans being serviced. We were servicing $433.0 million of SFR mortgage loans as of June 30, 2018 compared to $273.9 million as of June 30, 2017. We were also servicing $177.3 million of SBA loans as of June 30, 2018 compared to $147.3 million as of June 30, 2017. The increase in the respective servicing portfolios reflects the growth in our originations and sales of SFR and SBA loans in 2018.

Recoveries on loans acquired in business combinations decreased $46,000 to $11,000 in the first half of 2018 compared to $57,000 in the first half of 2017. This decrease primarily resulted from lesser recoveries on loans acquired from other bank acquisitions.

Noninterest expense increased $2.9 million or 21.7%, to $16.5 million for the first half of 2018 compared to $13.5 million in the same period of 2017. The following table sets forth major components of our noninterest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017:

	For the six months ended
	June 30,					Increase (Decrease)
(dollars in thousands)	2018		2017			$			%
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	$	9,660	$	8,426		$	1,234			14.6
Occupancy and equipment expenses		1,626		1,471			155			10.5
Data processing		960		806			154			19.1
Legal and professional		680		(91	)		771			847.5
Office expenses		363		331			32			9.6
Marketing and business promotion		465		325			140			43.1
Insurance and regulatory assessments		422		410			12			3.0
Amortization of intangibles		158		181			(23	)		-12.5
OREO expenses (income)		7		28			(21	)		-75.0
Other expenses		2,139		1,651			488			29.5
Total noninterest expense	$	16,480	$	13,538		$	2,942			21.7

Salaries and employee benefits expense increased $1.2 million, or 14.6%, to $9.7 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $8.4 million in the same period of 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to additional staff for expansion. The number of full-time equivalent employees was 242 at June 30, 2018 compared to 185 at June 30, 2017.

Occupancy and equipment expense increased $155,000, or 10.5%, to $1.6 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $1.5 million in the first half of 2017. The increase in occupancy expense is mainly due to rent at our new Irvine location and temporary space for temporary space pending the completion of our new headquarters office.

Data processing expense increased $154,000, or 19.1%, to $960,000 in the first half of 2018 compared to $806,000 for the first half of 2017. This increase resulted primarily from the financial management system conversion, and increased processing volumes.

Legal and professional expense increased $771,000, from a credit of $91,000 in the first half of 2017 compared to $680,000 for the first half of 2018. This increase was primarily due to the reversal of a legal and professional expense reserve in the first half of 2017 and additional audit fees in 2018 for being a public company.

Office expenses. Office expenses are comprised of communications, postage, armored car, and office supplies and totaled $363,000 in first half of 2018 compared to $331,000 for the first half of 2017. This 9.6% increase primarily resulted from normal business growth.

Marketing and business promotion expense increased $140,000, or 43.1%, to $465,000 in the first half of 2018 compared to $325,000 for the first half of 2017. This increase was primarily due to normal business growth, business development, CRA and other donations.

Other noninterest expense totaled $2.1 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $1.7 million for the same period of 2017. The increase in other expenses is attributable to merger expenses of $223,000 and provision for unfunded commitments of $114,000.

Income tax expense was $3.9 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $9.8 million in the same period of 2017. This decrease in income tax expense was consistent with the reduction in the corporate income tax rate following passage of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 at the end of 2017, the impact of $2.6 million in tax deductions for stock option exercises, and corresponding decrease in pre-tax income. Effective tax rates were 17.5% and 41.1% in the first half of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Net income increased $4.3 million to $18.3 million in the first half of 2018, compared to $14.0 million in the same period of 2017. The increase is primarily due to the growth in earning assets, net interest income, and the decrease in income tax expense which was offset by an increase in the loan loss provision (following a recapture in the first half of 2017), and by a reduction in non-interest income and increased non-interest expense.

Total assets were $1.8 billion as of June 30, 2018 and $1.7 billion as of December 31, 2017. We increased our total loan portfolio by $35.0 million, primarily in commercial and industrial, construction and SFR mortgages, with decreases in commercial real estate and SBA loans. The decrease in SBA loans is primarily due to the Company selling more SBA loans than were originated and the decrease in commercial real estate loans is due to payoffs exceeding originations. Our mortgage loans held for sale increased by $155.9 million in the first half of 2018. The increase in assets was funded by an increase in deposits of $87.1 million and FHLB advances of $15.0 million.

Our investment strategy aims to maximize earnings while maintaining liquidity in securities with minimal credit risk. The types and maturities of securities purchased are primarily based on our current and projected liquidity and interest rate sensitivity positions.

The following table sets forth the book value and percentage of each category of securities at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The book value for securities classified as available for sale is reflected at fair market value and the book value for securities classified as held to maturity is reflected at amortized cost.

	June 30, 2018					December 31, 2017
	Book		% of			Book		% of
(dollars in thousands)	Value		Total			Value		Total
Securities, available for sale, at fair value
U.S. government agency securities	$	1,854		2.6	%	$	7,816		10.4	%
Mortgage-backed securities
Government sponsored agencies		41,842		58.7			39,215		52.3
Corporate debt securities (1)		17,603		24.7			17,926		23.9
Total securities, available for sale, at fair value	$	61,299		86.0		$	64,957		86.6
Securities, held to maturity, at amortized cost
Taxable municipal securities	$	4,293		6.0		$	4,295		5.8
Tax-exempt municipal securities		5,693		8.0			5,714		7.6
Total securities, held to maturity, at amortized cost		9,986		14.0			10,009		13.4
Total securities	$	71,285		100.0	%	$	74,966		100.0	%

The tables below set forth investment securities AFS and HTM for the periods presented.

			Gross		Gross
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
June 30, 2018	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
Available for sale
Government agency securities	$	1,949	$	—	$	(95	)	$	1,854
Mortgage-backed securities
Government sponsored agencies		43,453		—		(1,611	)		41,842
Corporate debt securities		17,755		90		(242	)		17,603
	$	63,157	$	90	$	(1,948	)	$	61,299

Held to maturity
Municipal taxable securities	$	4,293	$	155	$	—		$	4,448
Municipal securities		5,693		4		(163	)		5,534
	$	9,986	$	159	$	(163	)	$	9,982

December 31, 2017
Available for sale
U.S. government agency securities	$	7,968	$	—	$	(152	)	$	7,816
Mortgage-backed securities
Government sponsored agencies		39,806		17		(608	)		39,215
Corporate debt securities		17,813		161		(48	)		17,926
	$	65,587	$	178	$	(808	)	$	64,957

Held to maturity
Municipal taxable securities	$	4,295	$	228	$	—		$	4,523
Municipal securities		5,714		32		(19	)		5,727
	$	10,009	$	260	$	(19	)	$	10,250

The weighted-average yield on the total investment portfolio at June 30, 2018 was 2.93% with a weighted-average life of 6.78 years. This compares to a weighted-average yield of 2.70% with a weighted-average life of 6.6 years at December 31, 2017. The weighted average life is the average number of years that each dollar of unpaid principal due remains outstanding. Average life is computed as the weighted-average time to the receipt of all future cash flows, using as the weights the dollar amounts of the principal pay-downs.

The table below shows the Company’s investment securities’ gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The unrealized losses on these securities were primarily attributed to changes in interest rates. The issuers of these securities have not, to our knowledge, evidenced any cause for default on these securities. These securities have fluctuated in value since their purchase dates as market rates have fluctuated. However, we have the ability and the intention to hold these securities until their fair values recover to cost or maturity. As such, management does not deem these securities to be other-than-temporarily-impaired A summary of our analysis of these securities and the unrealized losses is described more fully in Note 3 — Investment Securities in the Notes to the 2017 consolidated financial statements included in our 2017 Annual Report. Economic trends may adversely affect the value of the portfolio of investment securities that we hold.

	Less than Twelve Months					Twelve Months or More					Total
	Unrealized			Estimated		Unrealized			Estimated		Unrealized			Estimated
(dollars in thousands)	Losses			Fair Value		Losses			Fair Value		Losses			Fair Value
June 30, 2018
Government agency securities	$	—		$	—	$	(95	)	$	1,854	$	(95	)	$	1,854
Mortgage-backed securities
Government sponsored agencies		(1,097	)		28,642		(514	)		12,890		(1,611	)		41,532
Corporate debt securities		(164	)		9,586		(78	)		1,927		(242	)		11,513
Total available for sale	$	(1,261	)	$	38,228	$	(687	)	$	16,671	$	(1,948	)	$	54,899

Municipal securities	$	(163	)	$	4,653	$	—		$	—	$	(163	)	$	4,653
Total held to maturity	$	(163	)	$	4,653	$	—		$	—	$	(163	)	$	4,653

December 31, 2017
Government agency securities	$	(32	)	$	4,039	$	(120	)	$	3,777	$	(152	)	$	7,816
Mortgage-backed securities
Government sponsored agencies		(359	)		23,609		(249	)		11,887		(608	)		35,496
Corporate debt securities		(15	)		5,035		(33	)		1,972		(48	)		7,007
Total available for sale	$	(406	)	$	32,683	$	(402	)	$	17,636	$	(808	)	$	50,319

Municipal securities	$	(19	)	$	2,232	$	—		$	—	$	(19	)	$	2,232
Total held to maturity	$	(19	)	$	2,232	$	—		$	—	$	(19	)	$	2,232

The Company did not record any charges for other-than-temporary impairment losses for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

The loan portfolio is the largest category of our earning assets. At June 30, 2018, total loans, net of allowance for loan losses, totaled $1.3 billion. The following table presents the balance and associated percentage of each major category in our loan portfolio at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

	As of June 30, 2018					As of December 31, 2017
(dollars in thousands)	Amount			%		Amount			%
Loans:
Commercial and industrial	$	311,186			24.2	$	280,766			22.5
SBA		97,142			7.6		131,421			10.5
Construction and land development		94,901			7.4		91,908			7.4
Commercial real estate (1)		492,993			38.4		496,039			39.7
Single-family residential mortgages		287,860			22.4		248,940			19.9
Total loans,(2)	$	1,284,082			100.0	$	1,249,074			100.0
Allowance for loan losses		(14,657	)				(13,773	)
Total loans, net	$	1,269,425				$	1,235,301

Net loans increased $34.1 million, or 2.8%, to $1.3 billion at June 30, 2018 as compared to December 31, 2017. The increase in net loans primarily resulted from organic growth in SFR mortgage, and commercial and industrial loans, which was partially offset by the sale of SBA loans and continued run-off of commercial real estate loans acquired in prior acquisitions.

Outstanding loan balances increased due to new loan originations, advances on outstanding commitments, net of amounts received for loan payments and payoffs.

Commercial and industrial loans. We provide a mix of variable and fixed rate commercial and industrial loans. The loans are typically made to small- and medium-sized manufacturing, wholesale, retail and service businesses for working capital needs, business expansions and for international trade financing. Commercial and industrial loans include lines of credit with a maturity of one year or less, commercial and industrial term loans with maturities of five years or less, shared national credits with maturities of five years or less, mortgage warehouse lines with a maturity of one year or less, bank subordinated debentures with a maturity of 10 years, purchased receivables with a maturity of two months or less and international trade discounts with a maturity of three months or less. Substantially all of our commercial and industrial loans are collateralized by business assets or by real estate.

Commercial and industrial loans increased $30.4 million, or 10.8%, to $311.2 million as of June 30, 2018 compared to $280.8 million at December 31, 2017. This increase resulted primarily from an increase in shared national credits of $7.6 million and mortgage warehouse lines of $22.1 million. Mortgage warehouse lines increased due to increased volume from our correspondents.

Commercial real estate loans. Commercial real estate loans include owner-occupied and non-occupied commercial real estate, multi-family residential and SFR loans originated for a business purpose. The interest rate for the majority of these loans are prime-based and have a maturity of five years or less except for the SFR loans originated for a business purpose which may have a maturity of one year. At June 30, 2018, approximately 8.1% of the commercial real estate portfolio consisted of fixed-rate loans. Our policy maximum loan-to-value, or LTV is 75% for commercial real estate loans. The total commercial real estate portfolio totaled $493.0 million at June 30, 2018 and $496.0 million as of December 31, 2017, of which $194.0 million and $204.6 million, respectively, are secured by owner occupied properties. The multi-family residential loan portfolio totaled $107.1 million as of June 30, 2018 and $102.7 million as of December 31, 2017. The SFR loan portfolio originated for a business purpose totaled $32.1 million as of June 30, 2018 and $38.5 million as of December 31, 2017.

Commercial real estate loans decreased $3.0 million, or 0.6%, to $493.0 million at June 30, 2018 as compared to $496.0 million at December 31, 2017. This decrease resulted primarily from the continued pay-off of multi-family residential loans, and commercial real estate and SFR loans originated for a business purpose that were acquired in prior acquisitions.

Construction and land development loans. Construction and land development loans increased $3.0 million or 3.3%, to $94.9 million at June 30, 2018 as compared to $91.9 million at December 31, 2017, as originations exceeded loan repayments.

The following table shows the categories of our construction and land development portfolio as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

Small Business Administration guaranteed loans. We are designated a Preferred Lender under the SBA Preferred Lender Program. We offer mostly SBA 7(a) variable-rate loans. We generally sell the 75% guaranteed portion of the SBA loans that we originate. Our SBA loans are typically made to small-sized manufacturing, wholesale, retail, hotel/motel and service businesses for working capital needs or business expansions. SBA loans can have any maturity up to 25 years. Typically, non-real estate secured loans mature in less than 10 years. Collateral may also include inventory, accounts receivable and equipment, and includes personal guarantees. Our unguaranteed SBA loans collateralized by real estate are monitored by collateral type and are included in our CRE Concentration Guidance.

We originate SBA loans through our branch staff, loan officers and through SBA brokers. For the first six months of 2018, $14.7 million or 74.2 % of SBA loan originations were produced by branch staff and loan officers. The remaining $5.1 million was referred to us through SBA brokers.

As of June 30, 2018 our SBA portfolio totaled $97.1 million of which $26.9 million is guaranteed by the SBA and $70.2 million is unguaranteed. Of the unguaranteed portfolio, $66.4 million is secured by real estate and $3.8 million is unsecured or secured by business assets. We monitor the unguaranteed portfolio by type of real estate collateral. As of June 30, 2018, $33.3 million or 47.5% is secured by hotel/motels; $13.0 million or 18.5% by gas stations; and $23.9 million or 34.0% in other real estate types. We further analyze the unguaranteed portfolio by location. As of June 30, 2018, $46.9 million or 42.0% is located in California; $3.8 million or 3.8%% is located in Nevada; $10.6 million or 16.9% is located in Texas; $17.3 million or 16.6% is located in Washington; and $18.6 million or 20.7% is located in other states.

SBA loans decreased $34.3 million, or 26.1%, to $97.1 million at June 30, 2018 compared to $131.4 million at December 31, 2017. This decrease was primarily due to loan sales of $35.6 million, offset by $19.8 million in originations in the first half of 2018.

Single-family residential real estate loans. We originate mainly non-qualified, alternative documentation SFR mortgage loans through correspondent relationships or through our branch network or retail channel. The loan product is a seven-year hybrid adjustable mortgage with a current initial rate of 4.75% which re-prices after seven years to the one-year LIBOR plus 3.00%. As of June 30, 2018, the average loan-to-value of the portfolio was 59.5%, the average FICO score was 755 and the average duration of the portfolio was 4.5 years. We also offer qualified SFR mortgage loans as a correspondent to a national financial institution.

We originate these non-qualified SFR mortgage loans both to sell and hold for investment. The loans held for investment are generally originated through our retail branch network to our customers, many of whom establish a deposit relationship with us. During the first half of 2018, we originated $71.9 million of such loans through our retail channel and $222.8 million through our correspondent channel. We sell many of these non-qualified SFR mortgage loans to other Asian-American banks.

SFR real estate loans (which include $1.9 million of home equity loans) increased $39.0 million, or 15.7%, to $287.9 million as of June 30, 2018 as compared to $248.9 million as of December 31, 2017. In addition, loans held for sale increased $155.9 million or 123.9% to $281.8 million as of June 30, 2018 compared to $125.8 million December 31, 2017. The increase in loans held for sale is mainly due to a decrease in selling SFR mortgage loans in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.

We use what we believe is a comprehensive methodology to monitor credit quality and prudently manage credit concentration within our loan portfolio. Our underwriting policies and practices govern the risk profile and credit and geographic concentration for our loan portfolio. We also have what we believe to be a comprehensive methodology to monitor these credit quality standards, including a risk classification system that identifies potential problem loans based on risk characteristics by loan type as well as the early identification of deterioration at the individual loan level. In addition to our allowance for loan losses, our purchase discounts on acquired loans provide additional protections against credit losses.

Discounts on Purchased Loans. In connection with our acquisitions, we hire a third-party to determine the fair value of loans acquired. In many instances, fair values were determined by estimating the cash flows expected to result from those loans and discounting them at appropriate market rates. The excess of expected cash flows above the fair value of the majority of loans will be accreted to interest income over the remaining lives of the loans in accordance with FASB ASC 310-20 Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs.

None of the loans we acquired after 2011 had evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination for which it was probable, at acquisition, that the Company would be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable. Loans acquired that had evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination are referred to as PCI (purchase credit impaired) loans.

From prior acquisitions, we acquired $16.7 million contractual amount due with a fair value of $9.7 million of PCI loans. The outstanding balance and carrying amount of PCI loans as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $316,000 and $311,000 and $322,000 and $315,000, respectively.

Analysis of the Allowance for Loan Losses. The following table allocates the allowance for loan losses, or the allowance, by category:

The allowance and the balance of accretable credit discounts represent our estimate of probable and reasonably estimable credit losses inherent in loans held for investment as of the respective balance sheet date. The accretable credit discount was $1.5 million at June 30, 2018. Including the non-accretable credit discount as a percentage of the allowance and credit discounts to loans was 1.2%.

Allowance for loan losses. Our methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses includes a general allowance for performing loans, which are grouped based on similar characteristics, and a specific allowance for individual impaired loans or loans considered by management to be in a high-risk category. General allowances are established based on a number of factors, including historical loss rates, an assessment of portfolio trends and conditions, accrual status and economic conditions.

For commercial and industrial, SBA, commercial real estate, construction and land development and single family residential mortgage loans held for investment, a specific allowance may be assigned to individual loans based on an impairment analysis. Loans are considered impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The amount of impairment is based on an analysis of the most probable source of repayment, including the present value of the loan’s expected future cash flows, the estimated market value or the fair value of the underlying collateral. Interest income on impaired loans is accrued as earned, unless the loan is placed on nonaccrual status.

Credit-discount on loans purchased through acquisition. Purchased loans are recorded at market value in two categories, credit discount, and liquidity discount and premiums. The remaining credit discount at the end of a period is compared to the analysis for loan losses for each acquisition. If the credit discount is greater than the expected loss no additional provision is needed. The following table shows our credit discounts by loan portfolio for purchased loans only as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. We have recorded additional reserves of $1.2 million due to the credit discounts on acquired loans being less than the analysis for loan losses on those acquisitions as of June 30, 2018.

Individual loans considered to be uncollectible are charged off against the allowance. Factors used in determining the amount and timing of charge-offs on loans include consideration of the loan type, length of delinquency, sufficiency of collateral value, lien priority and the overall financial condition of the borrower. Collateral value is determined using updated appraisals and/or other market comparable information. Charge-offs are generally taken on loans once the impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary. Recoveries on loans previously charged off are added to the allowance. Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans were zero for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and zero and (0.12)% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The allowance for loan losses was $14.7 million at June 30, 2018 compared to $13.8 million at December 31, 2017. The $884,000 increase was due to the loan loss provision based on loan growth.

We analyze the loan portfolio, including delinquencies, concentrations, and risk characteristics, at least quarterly in order to assess the overall level of the allowance and nonaccretable discounts. We also rely on internal and external loan review procedures to further assess individual loans and loan pools, and economic data for overall industry and geographic trends.

In determining the allowance and the related provision for loan losses, we consider three principal elements: (i) valuation allowances based upon probable losses identified during the review of impaired commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, construction and land development loans, (ii) allocations, by loan classes, on loan portfolios based on historical loan loss experience and qualitative factors and (iii) review of the credit discounts in relationship to the valuation allowance calculated for purchased loans. Provisions for loan losses are charged to operations to record changes to the total allowance to a level deemed appropriate by us.

The following table provides an analysis of the allowance for loan losses, provision for loan losses and net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

Problem Loans. Loans are considered delinquent when principal or interest payments are past due 30 days or more; delinquent loans may remain on accrual status between 30 days and 89 days past due. Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. Typically, the accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when principal or interest payments are past due 90 days or when, in the opinion of management, there is a reasonable doubt as to collectability in the normal course of business. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Income on nonaccrual loans is subsequently recognized only to the extent that cash is received and the loan’s principal balance is deemed collectible. Loans are restored to accrual status when loans become well-secured and management believes full collectability of principal and interest is probable.

A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans include loans on nonaccrual status and performing restructured loans. Income from loans on nonaccrual status is recognized to the extent cash is received and when the loan’s principal balance is deemed collectible. Depending on a particular loan’s circumstances, we measure impairment of a loan based upon either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell if the loan is collateral dependent. A loan is considered collateral dependent when repayment of the loan is based solely on the liquidation of the collateral. Fair value, where possible, is determined by independent appraisals, typically on an annual basis. Between appraisal periods, the fair value may be adjusted based on specific events, such as if deterioration of quality of the collateral comes to our attention as part of our problem loan monitoring process, or if discussions with the borrower lead us to believe the last appraised value no longer reflects the actual market for the collateral. The impairment amount on a collateral-dependent loan is charged-off to the allowance if deemed not collectible and the impairment amount on a loan that is not collateral-dependent is set up as a specific reserve.

In cases where a borrower experiences financial difficulties and we make certain concessionary modifications to contractual terms, the loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring, or TDR. These concessions may include a reduction of the interest rate, principal or accrued interest, extension of the maturity date or other actions intended to minimize potential losses. Loans restructured at a rate equal to or greater than that of a new loan with comparable risk at the time the loan is modified may be excluded from restructured loan disclosures in years subsequent to the restructuring if the loans are in compliance with their modified terms. A restructured loan is considered impaired despite its accrual status and a specific reserve is calculated based on the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell if the loan is collateral dependent.

Real estate we acquire as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as OREO until sold, and is carried at the balance of the loan at the time of foreclosure or at estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell, whichever is less.

The following table sets forth the allocation of our nonperforming assets among our different asset categories as of the dates indicated. Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, and loans modified under troubled debt restructurings. Nonperforming loans exclude PCI loans. The balances of nonperforming loans reflect the net investment in these assets.

The increase in nonperforming loans at June 30, 2018 was primarily due to the addition of $3.2 million in SBA loans and $945,000 in commercial real estate loans during the first half of 2018.

Our 30-89 day delinquent loans decreased to $1.1 million as of June 30, 2018. Of this amount, $648,000 hasbeen brought current.

We did not recognize any interest income on nonaccrual loans during the periods ended June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 while the loans were in nonaccrual status. We recognized interest income on loans modified under troubled debt restructurings of $205,000 and $172,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively.

We utilize an asset risk classification system in compliance with guidelines established by the FDIC as part of our efforts to improve asset quality. In connection with examinations of insured institutions, examiners have the authority to identify problem assets and, if appropriate, classify them. There are three classifications for problem assets: “substandard,” “doubtful,” and “loss.” Substandard assets have one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful assets have the weaknesses of substandard assets with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full questionable and there is a high probability of loss based on currently existing facts, conditions and values. An asset classified as loss is not considered collectable and is of such little value that continuance as an asset is not warranted.

We use a risk grading system to categorize and determine the credit risk of our loans. Potential problem loans include loans with a risk grade of 6, which are “special mention,” loans with a risk grade of 7, which are “substandard” loans that are generally not considered to be impaired and loans with a risk grade of 8, which are “doubtful” loans generally considered to be impaired. These loans generally require more frequent loan officer contact and receipt of financial data to closely monitor borrower performance. Potential problem loans are managed and monitored regularly through a number of processes, procedures and committees, including oversight by a loan administration committee comprised of executive officers and other members of the Bank’s senior management.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents decreased $77.2 million, or 51.5%, to $72.8 million as of June 30, 2018 as compared to $150.0 million at December 31, 2017. This decrease was primarily due to $105.5 million of cash from financing activities less $119.2 million used for investing activities and $63.5 million used for operating activities.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Goodwill was $29.9 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Other intangible assets, which consist of core deposit intangibles, were $1.3 million and $1.4 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These assets are amortized primarily on an accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives, generally over a period of three to 10 years.

Liabilities. Total liabilities increased $104.8 million to $1.5 billion at June 30, 2018 from $1.4 billion at December 31, 2017, primarily due to $87.1 million in deposit growth and $15.0 million in additional FHLB advances.

Deposits. As a Chinese-American business bank that focuses on successful businesses and their owners, many of our depositors choose to leave large deposits with us. The Bank measures core deposits by reviewing all relationships over $250,000 on a quarterly basis. We track all deposit relationships over $250,000 on a quarterly basis and consider a relationship to be core if there are any three or more of the following: (i) relationships with us (as a director or shareholder); (ii) deposits within our market area; (iii) additional non-deposit services with us; (iv) electronic banking services with us; (v) active demand deposit account with us; (vi) deposits at market interest rates; and (vii) longevity of the relationship with us. We consider all deposit relationships under $250,000 as a core relationship except for time deposits originated through an internet service. This differs from the traditional definition of core deposits which is demand and savings deposits plus time deposits less than $250,000. As many of our customers have more than $250,000 on deposit with us, we believe that using this method reflects a more accurate assessment of our deposit base. As of June 30, 2018, the Bank considers $1.2 billion or 82.8% of our deposits as core relationships.

As of June 30, 2018, our top ten deposit relationships totaled $362.0 million, of which five are related to directors and shareholders of the Company for a total of $120.1 million or 33.2% of our top ten deposit relationships. As of June 30, 2018, our directors and shareholders with deposits over $250,000 totaled $270.4 million or 32.4% of all relationships over $250,000.

The following table summarizes our average deposit balances and weighted average rates at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

	For the quarter ended				For the year ended
	June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
			Weighted				Weighted
	Average		Average		Average		Average
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Rate (%)		Balance		Rate (%)
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	271,920		—	$	221,425		—
Interest-bearing:
NOW		23,613		0.25		19,618		0.23
Savings		29,499		40.16		34,939		0.46
Money market		363,503		1.05		295,932		0.73
Time, less than $250,000		258,387		1.39		312,975		1.16
Time, $250,000 and over		408,106		1.50		369,482		1.16
Total interest-bearing		1,083,108				1,032,946
Total deposits	$	1,355,028			$	1,254,371

The following table sets forth the maturity of time deposits of $250,000 or more as of June 30, 2018:

We acquire time deposits from the internet and outside deposits originators as needed to supplement liquidity. These time deposits are primarily under $250,000 and we do not consider them core deposits. The total amount of such deposits as of June 30, 2018 was $2.1 million or 0.1% of total deposits. The balances of such deposits as of December 31, 2017 were $29.5 million. The Bank did not have any brokered deposits during any of the time periods presented.

Total deposits increased $87.1 million to $1.4 billion at June 30, 2018 as compared to $1.3 billion at December 31, 2017, as we grew in all deposits categories. As of June 30, 2018, total deposits were comprised of 21.5% noninterest-bearing demand accounts, 29.8% interest-bearing accounts and 48.7% of time deposits.

Short-Term Borrowings. In addition to deposits, we use short-term borrowings, such as federal funds purchased and FHLB advances, as a source of funds to meet the daily liquidity needs of our customers and fund growth in earning assets. We had $40.0 million and $25.0 million, in FHLB advances at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The weighted average interest rate on our short-term borrowings was 1.23% and 0.78% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017, respectively. The following table sets forth information on our short-term FHLB advances during the periods presented:

Long-Term Debt. Long-term debt consists of subordinated notes. As of June 30, 2018 the amount outstanding was $49.6 million and $49.5 million was outstanding at December 31, 2017. The subordinated notes have a maturity date of April 1, 2026 at a fixed rate of 6.5% for the first five years and a floating rate based on the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus 516 basis points thereafter. Under the terms of our subordinated notes and the related subordinated notes purchase agreements, we are not permitted to declare or pay any dividends on our capital stock if an event of default occurs under the terms of the long term debt.

Subordinated Debentures. We acquired $5.2 million of subordinated debentures in one of our prior acquisitions and recorded it at fair value of $3.3 million. The fair value adjustment is being accreted over the remaining life of the securities. We had $3.4 million of subordinated debentures as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. These debentures mature on March 15, 2037 and have a variable rate of interest equal to the three- month LIBOR plus 1.65%.

In July 2017, British regulators announced plans to eliminate the LIBOR rate by the end of 2021, before these subordinated notes and debentures mature. For these subordinated notes and debentures, there are provisions for amendments to establish a new interest rate benchmark.

Capital Resources. Shareholders’ equity is influenced primarily by earnings, dividends, sales and redemptions of common stock and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income caused primarily by fluctuations in unrealized holding gains or losses, net of taxes, on available for sale investment securities.

Shareholders’ equity increased $21.0 million, or 7.9%, to $286.2 million during the first half of 2018 as $18.3 million of net income and $6.4 million from the exercise of stock options and stock-based compensation was partially offset by $2.7 million of common dividends declared and an $864,000 decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income. The decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income primarily resulted from decreases in unrealized gains on available for sale securities.

Subsequent to June 30, 2017, we completed our IPO of 3,750,000 shares at a price to the public of $23.00 per share and a total gross offering size of $86,250,000. The offering was originally 3,000,000 shares but due to demand, we increased it to 3,750,000 shares. RBB Bancorp sold 2,857,756 shares of common stock and the selling shareholders sold 892,244 shares of common stock. The offering resulted in gross proceeds to RBB of approximately $61.8 million. RBB intends to contribute $25 million of the net proceeds received from this offering to the Bank. Our stock now trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “RBB”. The increase to capital net of expenses was approximately $60.3 million.

Liquidity Management. Liquidity refers to the measure of our ability to meet the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers, while at the same time meeting our operating, capital and strategic cash flow needs, all at a reasonable cost. We continuously monitor our liquidity position to ensure that assets and liabilities are managed in a manner that will meet all short-term and long-term cash requirements. We manage our liquidity position to meet the daily cash flow needs of customers, while maintaining an appropriate balance between assets and liabilities to meet the return on investment objectives of our shareholders.

Our liquidity position is supported by management of liquid assets and liabilities and access to alternative sources of funds. Liquid assets include cash, interest-bearing deposits in banks, federal funds sold, available for sale securities, term federal funds, purchased receivables and maturing or prepaying balances in our securities and loan portfolios. Liquid liabilities include core deposits, federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements and other borrowings. Other sources of liquidity include the sale of loans, the ability to acquire additional national market noncore deposits, the issuance of additional collateralized borrowings such as FHLB advances, the issuance of debt securities, additional borrowings through the Federal Reserve’s discount window and the issuance of preferred or common securities. Our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements are primarily to fund on-going operations, including payment of interest on deposits and debt, extensions of credit to borrowers, capital expenditures and shareholder dividends. These liquidity requirements are met primarily through cash flow from operations, redeployment of prepaying and maturing balances in our loan and investment portfolios, debt financing and increases in customer deposits. For additional information regarding our operating, investing and financing cash flows, see the consolidated statements of cash flows provided in our consolidated financial statements.

Integral to our liquidity management is the administration of short-term borrowings. To the extent we are unable to obtain sufficient liquidity through core deposits, we seek to meet our liquidity needs through wholesale funding or other borrowings on either a short- or long-term basis.

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had $49.0 million of unsecured federal funds lines, respectively, with no amounts advanced against the lines as of such dates. In addition, lines of credit from the Federal Reserve Discount Window were $14.0 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Federal Reserve Discount Window lines were collateralized by a pool of commercial real estate loans totaling $25.2 million and $25.8 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. We did not have any borrowings outstanding with the Federal Reserve at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and our borrowing capacity is limited only by eligible collateral.

At June 30, 2018, we had 40.0 million in FHLB advances outstanding, and $25.0 million at December 31, 2017. Based on the values of loans pledged as collateral, we had $365.5 million and $387.3 million of additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. We also maintain relationships in the capital markets with brokers and dealers to issue certificates of deposit.

The RBB is a corporation separate and apart from the Bank and, therefore, must provide for its own liquidity. The Company’s main source of funding is dividends declared and paid to us by the Bank and RAM. There are statutory, regulatory and debt covenant limitations that affect the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to RBB. Management believes that these limitations will not impact our ability to meet our ongoing short-term cash obligations.

We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal and state banking regulators. Failure to meet regulatory capital requirements may result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for “prompt corrective action” (described below), we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting policies.

In the wake of the global financial crisis of 2008-2009, the role of capital has become fundamentally more important, as banking regulators have concluded that the amount and quality of capital held by banking organizations was insufficient to absorb losses during periods of severely distressed economic conditions. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act and banking regulations promulgated by the U.S. federal banking regulators to implement Basel III have established strengthened capital standards for banks and bank holding companies and require more capital to be held in the form of common stock. These provisions, which generally became applicable to the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015, impose meaningfully more stringent regulatory capital requirements than those applicable to the Company and the Bank prior to that date. In addition, the Basel III regulations will implement a concept known as the “capital conservation buffer.” In general, banks and bank holding companies will be required to hold a buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets over each minimum capital ratio to avoid being subject to limits on capital distributions (e.g., dividends, stock buybacks, etc.) and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. For community banks, the capital conservation buffer requirement commenced on January 1, 2016, with a gradual phase-in. Full compliance with the capital conservation buffer will be required by January 1, 2019.

The table below summarizes the minimum capital requirements applicable to us and the Bank pursuant to Basel III regulations as of the dates reflected and assuming the capital conservation buffer has been fully-phased in. The minimum capital requirements are only regulatory minimums and banking regulators can impose higher requirements on individual institutions. For example, banks and bank holding companies experiencing internal growth or making acquisitions generally will be expected to maintain strong capital positions substantially above the minimum supervisory levels. Higher capital levels may also be required if warranted by the particular circumstances or risk profiles of individual banking organizations. The table below also summarizes the capital requirements applicable to us and the Bank in order to be considered “well-capitalized” from a regulatory perspective, as well as our and the Bank’s capital ratios as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. We and the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements under Basel III and were considered to be “well-capitalized” as of the dates reflected in the table below:

	Ratio at June 30, 2018	Ratio at December 31, 2017	Regulatory Capital Ratio Requirements	Regulatory Capital Ratio Requirements, including fully phased-in Capital Conservation Buffer	Minimum Requirement for "Well Capitalized" Depository Institution
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio
Consolidated	15.23%	14.35%	4.00%	4.00%	N/A
Bank	14.84%	14.50%	4.00%	4.00%	5.00%
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio (1)
Consolidated	18.29%	17.54%	4.50%	7.00%	N/A
Bank	18.06%	17.42%	4.50%	7.00%	6.50%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio
Consolidated	18.54%	17.80%	6.00%	8.50%	N/A
Bank	18.06%	17.42%	6.00%	8.50%	8.00%
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio
Consolidated	23.16%	22.55%	8.00%	10.50%	N/A
Bank	19.14%	18.47%	8.00%	10.50%	10.00%

The Basel III regulations also revise the definition of capital and describe the capital components and eligibility criteria for common equity Tier 1 capital, additional Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. The most significant changes to the capital criteria are that: (i) the prior concept of unrestricted Tier 1 capital and restricted Tier 1 capital has been replaced with additional Tier 1 capital and a regulatory capital ratio that is based on common equity Tier 1 capital; and (ii) trust preferred securities and cumulative perpetual preferred stock issued after May 19, 2010 no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital. This change is already effective due to the Dodd-Frank Act, although such instruments issued prior to May 19, 2010 continue to qualify as Tier 1 capital (assuming they qualified as such under the prior regulatory capital standards), subject to the 25% of Tier 1 capital limit.

The following table contains supplemental information regarding our total contractual obligations at June 30, 2018:

We have limited off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition, revenues, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

The Company’s exposure to loan loss in the event of nonperformance on these financial commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for loans reflected in the financial statements.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each client’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained if deemed necessary by the Company is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Some of the financial measures included in this prospectus are not measures of financial performance recognized by GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures include “tangible common equity to tangible assets,” “tangible book value per share,” “return on average tangible common equity,” “adjusted earnings,” “adjusted diluted earnings per share,” “adjusted return on average assets,” and “adjusted return on average tangible common equity.” Our management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in its analysis of our performance.

Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets Ratio and Tangible Book Value Per Share. The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and tangible book value per share are non-GAAP measures generally used by financial analysts and investment bankers to evaluate capital adequacy. We calculate: (i) tangible common equity as total shareholders’ equity less goodwill and other intangible assets (excluding mortgage servicing rights); (ii) tangible assets as total assets less goodwill and other intangible assets; and (iii) tangible book value per share as tangible common equity divided by shares of common stock outstanding.

Our management, banking regulators, many financial analysts and other investors use these measures in conjunction with more traditional bank capital ratios to compare the capital adequacy of banking organizations with significant amounts of goodwill or other intangible assets, which typically stem from the use of the purchase accounting method of accounting for mergers and acquisitions. Tangible common equity, tangible assets, tangible book value per share and related measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for total shareholders’ equity, total assets, book value per share or any other measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which we calculate tangible common equity, tangible assets, tangible book value per share and any other related measures may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names. The following table reconciles shareholders’ equity (on a GAAP basis) to tangible common equity and total assets (on a GAAP basis) to tangible assets, and calculates our tangible book value per share:

Return on Average Tangible Common Equity. Management measures return on average tangible common equity (ROATCE) to assess the Company’s capital strength and business performance. Tangible equity excludes goodwill and other intangible assets (excluding mortgage servicing rights), and is reviewed by banking and financial institution regulators when assessing a financial institution’s capital adequacy. This non-GAAP financial measure should not be considered a substitute for operating results determined in accordance with GAAP and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies. The following table reconciles return on average tangible common equity to its most comparable GAAP measure:

Some of the financial measures included in this prospectus differ from those reported on the FRB Y-9(c) report. These financial measures include “core deposits to total deposits” and “net non-core funding dependency ratio”. Our management uses these financial measures in its analysis of our performance.

Core Deposits to Total Deposits Ratio. The Bank measures core deposits by reviewing all relationships over $250,000 on a quarterly basis. After discussions with our regulators on the proper way to measure core deposits, we now track all deposit relationships over $250,000 on a quarterly basis and consider a relationship to be core if there are any three or more of the following: (i) relationships with us (as a director or shareholder); (ii) deposits within our market area; (iii) additional non-deposit services with us; (iv) electronic banking services with us; (v) active demand deposit account with us; (vi) deposits at market interest rates; and (vii) longevity of the relationship with us. We consider all deposit relationships under $250,000 as a core relationship except for time deposits originated through an internet service. This differs from the traditional definition of core deposits which is demand and savings deposits plus time deposits less than $250,000. As many of our customers have more than $250,000 on deposit with us, we believe that using this method reflects a more accurate assessment of our deposit base. The following table reconciles the adjusted core deposit to total deposits.

Net Non-Core Funding Dependency Ratio. Management measures net non-core funding dependency ratio by using the data provided under “Core Deposits to Total Deposits Ratio” above to make adjustments to the traditional definition of net non-core funding dependency ratio. The traditional net non-core funding dependency ratio measures non-core funding sources less short term assets divided by total earning assets. The ratio indicates the dependency of the Company on non-core funding. The following table reconciles the adjusted net non-core dependency ratio.

Market Risk represents the risk of loss due to changes in market values of assets and liabilities. We incur market risk in the normal course of business through exposures to market interest rates, equity prices, and credit spreads. We have identified two primary sources of market risk: interest rate risk and price risk.

Interest Rate Risk is the risk to earnings and value arising from changes in market interest rates. Interest rate risk arises from timing differences in the repricings and maturities of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (repricing risk), changes in the expected maturities of assets and liabilities arising from embedded options, such as borrowers’ ability to prepay residential mortgage loans at any time and depositors’ ability to redeem certificates of deposit before maturity (option risk), changes in the shape of the yield curve where interest rates increase or decrease in a nonparallel fashion (yield curve risk), and changes in spread relationships between different yield curves, such as U.S. Treasuries and LIBOR (basis risk).

Our asset liability committee, or ALCO establishes broad policy limits with respect to interest rate risk. ALCO establishes specific operating guidelines within the parameters of the board of directors’ policies. In general, we seek to minimize the impact of changing interest rates on net interest income and the economic values of assets and liabilities. Our ALCO meets monthly to monitor the level of interest rate risk sensitivity to ensure compliance with the board of directors’ approved risk limits.

Interest rate risk management is an active process that encompasses monitoring loan and deposit flows complemented by investment and funding activities. Effective management of interest rate risk begins with understanding the dynamic characteristics of assets and liabilities and determining the appropriate interest rate risk posture given business forecasts, management objectives, market expectations, and policy constraints.

An asset sensitive position refers to a balance sheet position in which an increase in short-term interest rates is expected to generate higher net interest income, as rates earned on our interest-earning assets would reprice upward more quickly than rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, thus expanding our net interest margin. Conversely, a liability sensitive position refers to a balance sheet position in which an increase in short-term interest rates is expected to generate lower net interest income, as rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities would reprice upward more quickly than rates earned on our interest-earning assets, thus compressing our net interest margin.

Interest rate risk measurement is calculated and reported to the board and ALCO at least quarterly. The information reported includes period-end results and identifies any policy limits exceeded, along with an assessment of the policy limit breach and the action plan and timeline for resolution, mitigation, or assumption of the risk.

We use two approaches to model interest rate risk: Net Interest Income at Risk, or NII at Risk, and Economic Value of Equity, or EVE. Under NII at Risk, net interest income is modeled utilizing various assumptions for assets, liabilities, and derivatives. EVE measures the period end market value of assets minus the market value of liabilities and the change in this value as rates change. EVE is a period end measurement.

We report NII at Risk to isolate the change in income related solely to interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The NII at Risk results included in the table above reflect the analysis used quarterly by management. It models gradual -200, -100, +100 and +200 basis point parallel shifts in market interest rates, implied by the forward yield curve over the next one-year period.

We are within board policy limits for the +/-100 and +/-200 basis point scenarios. The NII at Risk reported at June 30, 2018, projects that our earnings are expected to be materially sensitive to changes in interest rates over the next year. In recent periods, the amount of fixed rate assets increased resulting in a position shift from slightly asset sensitive to asset sensitive.

The EVE results included in the table above reflect the analysis used quarterly by management. It models immediate +/-100 and +/-200 basis point parallel shifts in market interest rates. Due to the current low level of short-term interest rates, the analysis reflects a declining interest rate scenario of 100 basis points, the point at which many assets and liabilities reach zero percent.

We are within board policy limits for the +/-100 and +200 basis point scenarios. The EVE reported at June 30, 2018 projects that as interest rates increase immediately, the economic value of equity position will be expected to increase. When interest rates rise, fixed rate assets generally lose economic value; the longer the duration, the greater the value lost. The opposite is true when interest rates fall.

Price Risk. Price risk represents the risk of loss arising from adverse movements in the prices of financial instruments that are carried at fair value and subject to fair value accounting. We have price risk from our available for sale single-family residential mortgage loans and our fixed-rate available for sale securities.

Basis Risk. Basis risk represents the risk of loss arising from asset and liability pricing movements not changing in the same direction. We have basis risk in our single-family residential mortgage loan portfolio and our securities portfolio.

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. The Company’s management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

There are no material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business. Management believes that none of the legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on the results of operations or financial condition of the Company.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors as previously disclosed in Item 1A to Part I of our consolidated audited financial statements included in our 2017 Annual Report, as supplemented by the disclosure included in Item 1A of our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, as filed with the SEC on May 15, 2018. The materiality of any risks and uncertainties identified in our Forward Looking Statements contained in this report or those that are presently unforeseen could result in significant adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. See Part I, Item 2 for “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

California	27-2776416
(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

660 S. Figueroa Street, Suite 1888
Los Angeles, California	90017
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☒


PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)		3

ITEM 1.	CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)	3

	NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)	9

ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	32

	CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES	34

	OVERVIEW	35

	ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	36

	ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION	48

ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	64

ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	65

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION		66

ITEM 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	66

ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	66

ITEM 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	66

ITEM 3.	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	66

ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	66

ITEM 5.	OTHER INFORMATION	66

ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS	67

SIGNATURES		68

(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
One year	$	680,534	$	627,665
Two to three years		13,249		12,263
Total	$	693,783	$	639,928

(dollars in thousands)
Year ending December 31:
2018 remaining	$	1,086
2019		2,050
2020		1,794
2021		1,690
2022		1,447
Thereafter		5,346
Total	$	13,413

			Pre-		Post-
			Modification		Modification
(dollars in thousands)	Number of		Recorded		Recorded
June 30, 2018	Loans		Investment		Investment
Commercial		2	$	1,148	$	1,148
Commercial real estate		1		1,025		1,025
Total		3	$	2,173	$	2,173

	As of and for the
	three months
	ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2018		2017
Beginning balance of discount on purchased loans	$	2,410	$	7,007
Accretion:
Commercial and industrial		35		59
SBA		35		6
Construction and land development		—		14
Commercial real estate		850		779
Single-family residential mortgages		2		9
Total accretion	$	922	$	867
Ending balance of discount on purchased loans	$	1,488	$	6,140

(dollars in thousands)	For the three months ended or as of June 30,					Increase (Decrease)
For the quarter	2018		2017			$		%
Loan servicing income, net of amortization	$	58	$	(5	)	$	63		100	%
As of quarter-end
Single family residential loans serviced	$	432,990	$	273,900			159,090		58.1	%
SBA loans serviced	$	177,264	$	147,300			29,964		20.3	%

	As of and for the
	six months
	ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2018		2017
Beginning balance of discount on purchased loans	$	2,763	$	8,085
Accretion:
Commercial and industrial		75		132
SBA		39		12
Construction and land development		—		37
Commercial real estate		1,155		1,724
Single-family residential mortgages		6		40
Total accretion	$	1,275	$	1,945
Ending balance of discount on purchased loans	$	1,488	$	6,140

	For the six months ended June 30,				Increase (Decrease)
(dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		$			%
Noninterest income:
Service charges, fees and other	$	912	$	1,106	$	(194	)		-17.5	%
Gain on sale of loans		3,900		3,786		114			3.0
Loan servicing fee, net of amortization		27		257		(230	)		-89.4
Recoveries on loans acquired in business combinations		11		57		(46	)		-80.4
Increase (decrease) in cash surrender of life insurance		398		401		(3	)		-0.7
Total noninterest income	$	5,248	$	5,607	$	(358	)		-6.4

(dollars in thousands)	For the six months ended or as of June 30,				Increase (Decrease)
For the six months	2018		2017		$			%
Loan servicing income, net of amortization	$	27	$	257	$	(230	)		-89	%
As of period-end
Single family residential loans serviced	$	432,990	$	273,900		159,090			58.1	%
SBA loans serviced	$	177,264	$	147,300		29,964			20.3	%

	As of June 30			As of December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2018			2017
Commercial and industrial	$	77		$	139
SBA		61			67
Commercial real estate		689			1,416
Single-family residential mortgages		60			67
Total credit discount on purchased loans	$	887		$	1,689
Total remaining balance of purchased loans through acquisition	$	154,468		$	226,253
Credit-discount to remaining balance of purchased loans		0.57	%		0.75	%

	As of			As of
	June 30,			December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2018			2017
Nonperforming loans:
SBA	$	1,019		$	—
Construction and land development		283			289
Commercial real estate		3,073			2,131
Total troubled debt restructures		4,375			2,420
Non-accrual loans:
SBA		2,178			155
Total non-accrual loans		2,178			155
Total non-performing loans		6,553			2,575
Other real estate owned		293			293
Nonperforming assets	$	6,846		$	2,868
Nonperforming loans to total loans		0.51	%		0.21	%
Nonperforming assets to total assets		0.38	%		0.17	%



(dollars in thousands)	Three Months		Three to Six Months		Six to 12 Months		After 12 Months		Total
Time, $250,000 and over	$	121,940	$	63,491	$	232,172	$	7,213	$	424,816
Wholesale deposits (1)		1,576		250		248		245		2,319
Total	$	123,516	$	63,741	$	232,420	$	7,458	$	427,135

	Payments Due
	Within		One to		Three to		After Five
(dollars in thousands)	One Year		Three Years		Five Years		Years		Total
Deposits without a stated maturity	$	730,623	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	730,623
Time deposits		680,534		13,249		—		—		693,783
Long-term debt		—		—		—		50,000		50,000
Subordinated debentures		—		—		—		5,155		5,155
Leases		2,225		3,587		2,859		4,742		13,413
Total contractual obligations	$	1,413,382	$	16,836	$	2,859	$	59,897	$	1,492,974

	Net Interest Income Sensitivity
	Immediate Change in Rates
(dollars in thousands)	-200			-100			+100			+200
June 30, 2018:
Dollar change	$	(1,775	)	$	(1,744	)	$	3,989		$	7,686
Percent change		-2.60	%		-2.56	%		5.85	%		11.27	%
December 31, 2017:
Dollar change		(1,892	)		(1,830	)		4,805			9,659
Percent change		-2.96	%		-2.86	%		7.52	%		15.11	%

	Economic Value of Equity Sensitivity (Shock)
	Immediate Change in Rates
(dollars in thousands)	-200			-100			+100			+200
June 30, 2018:
Dollar change	$	(67,137	)	$	(33,810	)	$	6,708		$	7,708
Percent change		-18.87	%		-9.50	%		1.89	%		2.17	%
December 31, 2017:
Dollar change		(67,415	)		(37,487	)		12,966			22,313
Percent change		21.02	%		-11.69	%		4.04	%		6.96	%

Exhibit No		Description of Exhibits

2.1		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 23, 2018, by and between First American International Corp. and RBB Bancorp (1)

3.1		Articles of Incorporation of RBB Bancorp (2)

3.2		Bylaws of RBB Bancorp (3)

4.1		Specimen Common Stock Certificate of RBB Bancorp (4)
		The other instruments defining the rights of holders of the long-term debt securities of the Company and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to section (b)(4)(iii)(A) of Item 601 of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby agrees to furnish copies of these instruments to the SEC upon request.

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document


		RBB BANCORP
		(Registrant)

Date: August 14, 2018		/s/ David Morris
		David Morris Duly Authorized Officer, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer