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Leases
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases Leases
The Company leases aircraft, engines, airport terminals, maintenance and training facilities, aircraft hangars, commercial real estate and office and computer equipment, among other items. Certain of these leases include provisions for variable lease payments which are based on several factors, including, but not limited to, relative leases square footage, enplaned passengers, and airports' annual operating budgets. Due to the variable nature of the rates, these leases are not recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as a right-of-use asset and lease liability. Lease terms are generally 8 to 18 years for aircraft and up to 99 years for other leased equipment and property.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a fleet consisting of 194 A320 family aircraft. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 88 aircraft financed under operating leases with lease term expirations between 2024 and 2040. In addition, the Company owned 105 aircraft of which 33 were purchased off lease and 4 were pledged as collateral under the Company's revolving credit facility maturing in 2024. The Company also had one aircraft recorded as a failed sale-leaseback. The related finance obligation is recorded within long-term debt in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 12, Debt and Other Obligations for additional information. The related asset is recorded within flight equipment in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2022, the Company also had 6 spare engines financed under operating leases with lease term expiration dates ranging from 2024 to 2033 and owned 24, of which, as of December 31, 2022, 1 was unencumbered and 23 were pledged as collateral under the Company's revolving credit facility maturing in 2024.

Total rent expense for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $537.9 million, $449.4 million and $371.6 million, respectively. Total rental expense for aircraft and engine operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $282.4 million, $246.6 million and $196.4 million, respectively.

Under the terms of the lease agreements, the Company will continue to operate and maintain the aircraft. Payments under the majority of the lease agreements are fixed for the term of the lease. The lease agreements contain standard termination events, including termination upon a breach of the Company's obligations to make rental payments and upon any other material breach of the Company's obligations under the leases, and standard maintenance and return condition provisions. These return provisions are evaluated at inception of the lease and throughout the lease terms and are accounted for as either fixed or variable lease payments (depending on the nature of the lease return condition) when it is probable that such amounts will be incurred. When determining probability and estimated cost of lease return obligations, there are various other factors that need to be considered such as the contractual terms of the lease, the ability to swap engines or other aircraft components, current condition of the aircraft, the age of the aircraft at lease expiration, utilization of engines and other components, the extent of repairs needed at return, return locations, current configuration of the aircraft and cost of repairs and materials at the time of return. Management assesses the factors listed above and the need to accrue lease return costs throughout the lease as facts and circumstances warrant an assessment. The Company expects lease return costs will increase as individual aircraft lease agreements approach their respective termination dates and the Company begins to accrue the estimated cost of return conditions for the corresponding aircraft. Upon a termination of the lease due to a breach by the Company, the Company would be liable for standard contractual damages, possibly including damages suffered by the lessor in connection with remarketing the aircraft or while the aircraft is not leased to another party.
In connection with the Company's assessment of lease return costs, the Company also evaluates the recoverability of maintenance reserves paid to certain lessors that are held as collateral in advance of the Company’s required performance of major maintenance activities. The requirement to pay maintenance reserves has been eliminated from the Company's lease agreements for the last several years and any outstanding maintenance reserves will continue to decline as the Company is reimbursed for qualifying maintenance events. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $38.8 million and $48.9 million of aircraft maintenance deposits.
Aircraft rent expense consists of monthly lease rents for aircraft and spare engines under the terms of the Company's aircraft and spare engine lease agreements recognized on a straight-line basis. Supplemental rent, recorded within aircraft rent expense, is primarily made up of probable and estimable return condition obligations, lease return costs adjustments for aircraft and engines purchased off lease and maintenance reserves paid to aircraft lessors that are not probable of being reimbursed. The Company expensed $16.5 million, $31.7 million and $3.3 million of supplemental rent recorded within aircraft rent during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company did not expense any paid maintenance reserves as supplemental rent in 2022 and 2021.
During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the Company took delivery of 5 aircraft under direct operating leases, 16 aircraft under sale-leaseback transactions and 4 engines purchased with cash.
Under Topic 842, gains and losses on sale-leaseback transactions, subject to adjustment for off-market terms, are recognized immediately and recorded within gain/loss on disposal of assets on the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company's finance lease obligations relate to the lease of computer equipment used by the Company's flight crew and office equipment. Payments under these finance lease agreements are fixed for terms ranging from 4 to 5 years. Finance lease assets are recorded within property and equipment and the related liabilities are recorded within long-term debt and finance leases in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company purchased an 8.5-acre parcel of land for $41.0 million and entered into a 99-year lease agreement for the lease of a 2.6-acre parcel of land, in Dania Beach, Florida, where the Company is building its new headquarters campus and a 200-unit residential building. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company began building its new headquarters campus and its 200-unit residential building with an expected completion during the first quarter of 2024. As of December 31, 2022, the 8.5-acre parcel of land and $62.6 million in related construction costs were capitalized within ground property and equipment on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The 99-year lease was determined to be an operating lease and is recorded within operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease commitments related to this lease are included in the table below within property facility leases.
The following table provides details of the Company's future minimum lease payments under finance lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022. The table does not include commitments that are contingent on events or other factors that are currently uncertain and unknown.
Finance LeasesOperating LeasesTotal Operating and Finance Lease Obligations
Aircraft and Spare Engine LeasesProperty Facility LeasesOther
(in thousands)
2023$465 $338,203 $6,401 $552 $345,621 
2024215 326,117 4,619 138 331,089 
2025117 311,229 3,167 — 314,513 
202639 284,915 3,088 — 288,042 
2027— 269,206 2,254 — 271,460 
2028 and thereafter— 2,453,370 141,234 — 2,594,604 
Total minimum lease payments$836 $3,983,040 $160,763 $690 $4,145,329 
Less amount representing interest33 1,367,174 133,379 25 1,500,611 
Present value of minimum lease payments$803 $2,615,866 $27,384 $665 $2,644,718 
Less current portion444 182,938 4,831 527 188,740 
Long-term portion$359 $2,432,928 $22,553 $138 $2,455,978 
Commitments related to the Company's noncancellable short-term operating leases not recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheets are expected to be $3.9 million for 2023 and none for 2024 and beyond.
The table below presents information for lease costs related to the Company's finance and operating leases:
Year Ended December 31,
20222021
(in thousands)
Finance lease cost
Amortization of leased assets$751 $733 
Interest of lease liabilities57 93 
Operating lease cost
Operating lease cost (1)
225,112 220,137 
Short-term lease cost (1)
41,696 31,036 
Variable lease cost (1)
200,965 181,902 
Total lease cost$468,581 $433,901 
(1) Expenses are classified within aircraft rent and landing fees and other rents on the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
The table below presents lease-related terms and discount rates as of December 31, 2022:
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases14.6 years14.9 years
Finance leases2.1 years2.5 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases6.29 %5.62 %
Finance leases4.21 %4.79 %
Leases Leases
The Company leases aircraft, engines, airport terminals, maintenance and training facilities, aircraft hangars, commercial real estate and office and computer equipment, among other items. Certain of these leases include provisions for variable lease payments which are based on several factors, including, but not limited to, relative leases square footage, enplaned passengers, and airports' annual operating budgets. Due to the variable nature of the rates, these leases are not recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as a right-of-use asset and lease liability. Lease terms are generally 8 to 18 years for aircraft and up to 99 years for other leased equipment and property.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a fleet consisting of 194 A320 family aircraft. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 88 aircraft financed under operating leases with lease term expirations between 2024 and 2040. In addition, the Company owned 105 aircraft of which 33 were purchased off lease and 4 were pledged as collateral under the Company's revolving credit facility maturing in 2024. The Company also had one aircraft recorded as a failed sale-leaseback. The related finance obligation is recorded within long-term debt in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 12, Debt and Other Obligations for additional information. The related asset is recorded within flight equipment in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2022, the Company also had 6 spare engines financed under operating leases with lease term expiration dates ranging from 2024 to 2033 and owned 24, of which, as of December 31, 2022, 1 was unencumbered and 23 were pledged as collateral under the Company's revolving credit facility maturing in 2024.

Total rent expense for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $537.9 million, $449.4 million and $371.6 million, respectively. Total rental expense for aircraft and engine operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $282.4 million, $246.6 million and $196.4 million, respectively.

Under the terms of the lease agreements, the Company will continue to operate and maintain the aircraft. Payments under the majority of the lease agreements are fixed for the term of the lease. The lease agreements contain standard termination events, including termination upon a breach of the Company's obligations to make rental payments and upon any other material breach of the Company's obligations under the leases, and standard maintenance and return condition provisions. These return provisions are evaluated at inception of the lease and throughout the lease terms and are accounted for as either fixed or variable lease payments (depending on the nature of the lease return condition) when it is probable that such amounts will be incurred. When determining probability and estimated cost of lease return obligations, there are various other factors that need to be considered such as the contractual terms of the lease, the ability to swap engines or other aircraft components, current condition of the aircraft, the age of the aircraft at lease expiration, utilization of engines and other components, the extent of repairs needed at return, return locations, current configuration of the aircraft and cost of repairs and materials at the time of return. Management assesses the factors listed above and the need to accrue lease return costs throughout the lease as facts and circumstances warrant an assessment. The Company expects lease return costs will increase as individual aircraft lease agreements approach their respective termination dates and the Company begins to accrue the estimated cost of return conditions for the corresponding aircraft. Upon a termination of the lease due to a breach by the Company, the Company would be liable for standard contractual damages, possibly including damages suffered by the lessor in connection with remarketing the aircraft or while the aircraft is not leased to another party.
In connection with the Company's assessment of lease return costs, the Company also evaluates the recoverability of maintenance reserves paid to certain lessors that are held as collateral in advance of the Company’s required performance of major maintenance activities. The requirement to pay maintenance reserves has been eliminated from the Company's lease agreements for the last several years and any outstanding maintenance reserves will continue to decline as the Company is reimbursed for qualifying maintenance events. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $38.8 million and $48.9 million of aircraft maintenance deposits.
Aircraft rent expense consists of monthly lease rents for aircraft and spare engines under the terms of the Company's aircraft and spare engine lease agreements recognized on a straight-line basis. Supplemental rent, recorded within aircraft rent expense, is primarily made up of probable and estimable return condition obligations, lease return costs adjustments for aircraft and engines purchased off lease and maintenance reserves paid to aircraft lessors that are not probable of being reimbursed. The Company expensed $16.5 million, $31.7 million and $3.3 million of supplemental rent recorded within aircraft rent during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company did not expense any paid maintenance reserves as supplemental rent in 2022 and 2021.
During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the Company took delivery of 5 aircraft under direct operating leases, 16 aircraft under sale-leaseback transactions and 4 engines purchased with cash.
Under Topic 842, gains and losses on sale-leaseback transactions, subject to adjustment for off-market terms, are recognized immediately and recorded within gain/loss on disposal of assets on the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company's finance lease obligations relate to the lease of computer equipment used by the Company's flight crew and office equipment. Payments under these finance lease agreements are fixed for terms ranging from 4 to 5 years. Finance lease assets are recorded within property and equipment and the related liabilities are recorded within long-term debt and finance leases in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company purchased an 8.5-acre parcel of land for $41.0 million and entered into a 99-year lease agreement for the lease of a 2.6-acre parcel of land, in Dania Beach, Florida, where the Company is building its new headquarters campus and a 200-unit residential building. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company began building its new headquarters campus and its 200-unit residential building with an expected completion during the first quarter of 2024. As of December 31, 2022, the 8.5-acre parcel of land and $62.6 million in related construction costs were capitalized within ground property and equipment on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The 99-year lease was determined to be an operating lease and is recorded within operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease commitments related to this lease are included in the table below within property facility leases.
The following table provides details of the Company's future minimum lease payments under finance lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022. The table does not include commitments that are contingent on events or other factors that are currently uncertain and unknown.
Finance LeasesOperating LeasesTotal Operating and Finance Lease Obligations
Aircraft and Spare Engine LeasesProperty Facility LeasesOther
(in thousands)
2023$465 $338,203 $6,401 $552 $345,621 
2024215 326,117 4,619 138 331,089 
2025117 311,229 3,167 — 314,513 
202639 284,915 3,088 — 288,042 
2027— 269,206 2,254 — 271,460 
2028 and thereafter— 2,453,370 141,234 — 2,594,604 
Total minimum lease payments$836 $3,983,040 $160,763 $690 $4,145,329 
Less amount representing interest33 1,367,174 133,379 25 1,500,611 
Present value of minimum lease payments$803 $2,615,866 $27,384 $665 $2,644,718 
Less current portion444 182,938 4,831 527 188,740 
Long-term portion$359 $2,432,928 $22,553 $138 $2,455,978 
Commitments related to the Company's noncancellable short-term operating leases not recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheets are expected to be $3.9 million for 2023 and none for 2024 and beyond.
The table below presents information for lease costs related to the Company's finance and operating leases:
Year Ended December 31,
20222021
(in thousands)
Finance lease cost
Amortization of leased assets$751 $733 
Interest of lease liabilities57 93 
Operating lease cost
Operating lease cost (1)
225,112 220,137 
Short-term lease cost (1)
41,696 31,036 
Variable lease cost (1)
200,965 181,902 
Total lease cost$468,581 $433,901 
(1) Expenses are classified within aircraft rent and landing fees and other rents on the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
The table below presents lease-related terms and discount rates as of December 31, 2022:
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term
Operating leases14.6 years14.9 years
Finance leases2.1 years2.5 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases6.29 %5.62 %
Finance leases4.21 %4.79 %