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Commitments and Contingencies
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies Commitments and Contingencies
Aircraft-Related Commitments and Financing Arrangements
The Company’s contractual purchase commitments consist primarily of aircraft and engine acquisitions through manufacturers. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company negotiated revisions to its A320 aircraft order. The Company originally had 14 A320neo aircraft scheduled for delivery in 2019. Pursuant to the revision, 5 of the 14 scheduled A320neo aircraft were converted to A320ceo aircraft and are scheduled to be delivered in 2018 and 2019. As of March 31, 2018, the Company's aircraft orders consisted of the following:
 
 
Airbus
 
 
 
A320ceo
 
A320neo
 
Total
2018
 
8
 

 
8
2019
 
2
 
9
 
11
2020
 

 
16
 
16
2021
 

 
18
 
18
 
 
10
 
43
 
53


On March 28 2018, the Company entered into an aircraft sale agreement to purchase 14 A319s, which were previously financed under operating lease agreements. The purchase of all 14 aircraft are scheduled throughout the second quarter of 2018, for an aggregate gross purchase price of $285.0 million, which will be comprised of cash payments, net of the application of cash maintenance and security deposits held by the previous lessor. The contract was deemed a lease modification which resulted in a change of classification from operating leases to capital leases for the 14 aircraft. As a result, the Company recorded a short term capital lease asset of $236.7 million within flight equipment and a short-term capital lease obligation of $143.8 million, net of the related maintenance reserves and security deposits, within current maturities of long-term debt and capital leases on the balance sheet as of March 31, 2018. These short-term balances will settle in the second quarter of 2018 with the purchase of the aircraft. The capital lease assets and obligations have been recorded at the fair value of the aircraft. The obligation will be accreted up to the net cash payment price with interest charges recognized in special charges, non-operating in the statement of operations.
During the first quarter of 2018, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase six new engines. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had purchased two of the six new engines, unencumbered. The Company also has three spare engine orders for V2500 SelectTwo engines with International Aero Engines (IAE) and nine spare engine orders for PurePower PW1100G-JM engines with Pratt & Whitney. Spare engines are scheduled for delivery from 2018 through 2023. Purchase commitments for these aircraft and engines, including estimated amounts for contractual price escalations and pre-delivery payments, are expected to be $445.7 million for the remainder of 2018, $600.7 million in 2019, $821.3 million in 2020$785.1 million in 2021, $16.8 million in 2022, and $7.9 million in 2023 and beyond. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had secured debt financing commitments of $129.5 million for 4 aircraft, scheduled for delivery in the remainder of 2018, and did not have financing commitments in place for the remaining 49 Airbus aircraft currently on firm order, which are scheduled for delivery in 2018 through 2021.
Interest commitments related to the secured debt financing of 52 delivered aircraft as of March 31, 2018 are $56.5 million for the remainder of 2018, $63.7 million in 2019, $57.9 million in 2020, $52.3 million in 2021, $46.7 million in 2022, and $163.3 million in 2023 and beyond. For principal commitments related to these financed aircraft, refer to Note 12, Debt and Other Obligations. As of March 31, 2018, principal and interest commitments related to the Company's future secured debt financing of four undelivered aircraft under the Series 2017-1 EETC are approximately $3.3 million for the remainder of 2018, $16.1 million in 2019, $14.7 million in 2020, $11.7 million in 2021, $11.2 million in 2022, and $108.7 million in 2023 and beyond.
As of March 31, 2018, the Company had a fleet consisting of 118 A320 family aircraft. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had 58 aircraft financed under operating leases with lease term expirations between 2020 and 2029 and owned 60 aircraft, of which 8 were purchased off lease and are currently unencumbered. In addition, as of March 31, 2018, the Company had 12 spare engines financed under operating leases with lease term expiration dates ranging from 2019 to 2027, and owned 5 spare engines of which 1 was purchased off lease and all 5 are currently unencumbered. One of the Company's leased aircraft has variable rent payments, which fluctuate based on changes in LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate). The Company entered into sale leaseback transactions with third-party aircraft lessors for the majority of these aircraft and engine leases. Deferred losses resulting from these sale leaseback transactions are included in other long-term assets on the accompanying balance sheet. Deferred losses are recognized as an increase to rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective operating leases. Deferred gains are included in deferred gains and other long-term liabilities on the accompanying balance sheet. Deferred gains are recognized as a decrease to rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective operating leases.
Under the terms of the lease agreements, the Company will continue to operate and maintain the aircraft. Payments under the majority of the lease agreements are fixed for the term of the lease. The lease agreements contain standard termination events, including termination upon a breach of the Company's obligations to make rental payments and upon any other material breach of the Company's obligations under the leases, and standard maintenance and return condition provisions. These return
provisions are evaluated at inception of the lease and throughout the lease terms and are accounted for as supplemental rent expense when it is probable that such amounts will be incurred. Upon a termination of the lease due to a breach by the Company, the Company would be liable for standard contractual damages, possibly including damages suffered by the lessor in connection with remarketing the aircraft or while the aircraft is not leased to another party.
In July 2015, the Company executed an upgrade service agreement with Airbus Americas Customer Services Inc. (Airbus) to reconfigure the seating and increase capacity in 40 of the Company’s A320ceos from 178 to 182 seats (reconfiguration). The reconfiguration of the aircraft commenced in the first quarter of 2016 and is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2018. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had no further commitments. The amounts related to the reconfiguration are capitalized within flight equipment on the balance sheet.

Future minimum lease payments under capital leases and noncancellable operating leases at March 31, 2018 were as follows: 
 
 
Capital Leases
 
Aircraft and Spare Engine Leases
 
Property Facility Leases
 
Total
Operating and Capital Lease Obligations
 
(in thousands)
2018
 
$
208,246

 
$
153,151

 
$
37,824

 
$
399,221

2019
 
625

 
190,172

 
40,964

 
231,761

2020
 
249

 
181,116

 
27,149

 
208,514

2021
 
28

 
170,845

 
16,729

 
187,602

2022
 

 
150,414

 
18,780

 
169,194

2023 and thereafter
 

 
419,925

 
181,444

 
601,369

Total minimum lease payments
 
$
209,148

 
$
1,265,623

 
$
322,890

 
$
1,797,661

Less amount representing interest
 
64,043

 
 
 
 
 
 
Present value of minimum lease payments
 
$
145,105

 
 
 
 
 
 
Less current portion
 
144,392

 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term portion
 
$
713

 
 
 
 
 
 

The majority of the Company's capital lease obligations relate to aircraft capital leases that will settle in 2018. The remaining amounts primarily relate to the lease of computer equipment used by the Company's flight crew. Payments related to the lease of computer equipment are fixed for the 3-year term of the lease.
Aircraft rent expense consists of monthly lease rents for aircraft and spare engines under the terms of the Company's aircraft and spare engine lease agreements recognized on a straight-line basis. Aircraft rent expense also includes supplemental rent. Supplemental rent is made up of maintenance reserves paid or expected to be paid to aircraft lessors in advance of the performance of major maintenance activities that are not probable of being reimbursed, and probable and estimable return condition obligations. The Company expects supplemental rent to increase as individual aircraft lease agreements approach their respective termination dates and the Company begins to accrue the estimated cost of return conditions for the corresponding aircraft.
Some of the Company’s aircraft and engine master lease agreements provide that the Company pays maintenance reserves to aircraft lessors to be held as collateral in advance of the Company’s required performance of major maintenance activities. A majority of these maintenance reserve payments are calculated based on a utilization measure, such as flight hours or cycles, while some maintenance reserve payments are fixed, time-based contractual amounts. Fixed maintenance reserve payments for these aircraft and related flight equipment, including estimated amounts for contractual price escalations, are expected to be $6.6 million for the remainder of 2018, $5.9 million in 2019, $5.6 million in 2020, $5.7 million in 2021, $4.9 million in 2022, and $12.9 million in 2023 and beyond. These lease agreements generally provide that maintenance reserves are reimbursable to the Company upon completion of the maintenance event. Some of the master lease agreements do not require that the Company pay maintenance reserves so long as the Company's cash balance does not fall below a certain level. As of March 31, 2018, the Company is in full compliance with those requirements and does not anticipate having to pay reserves related to these master leases in the future.
The Company is contractually obligated to pay the following minimum guaranteed payments for its reservation system, new airport kiosks and other miscellaneous subscriptions and services as of March 31, 2018: $7.7 million for the remainder of 2018, $12.2 million in 2019, $12.3 million in 2020, $9.5 million in 2021, $9.7 million in 2022, and $64.6 million thereafter. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company entered into a contract renewal with its reservation system provider which expires in 2028.
Litigation
The Company is subject to commercial litigation claims and to administrative and regulatory proceedings and reviews that may be asserted or maintained from time to time. The Company believes the ultimate outcome of such lawsuits, proceedings and reviews will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on its financial position, liquidity or results of operations.
Credit Card Processing Arrangements
The Company has agreements with organizations that process credit card transactions arising from the purchase of air travel, baggage charges, and other ancillary services by customers. As is standard in the airline industry, the Company's contractual arrangements with credit card processors permit them, under certain circumstances, to retain a holdback or other collateral, which the Company records as restricted cash, when future air travel and other future services are purchased via credit card transactions. The required holdback is the percentage of the Company's overall credit card sales that its credit card processors hold to cover refunds to customers if the Company fails to fulfill its flight obligations.
The Company's credit card processors do not require the Company to maintain cash collateral provided that the Company satisfies certain liquidity and other financial covenants. Failure to meet these covenants would provide the processors the right to place a holdback resulting in a commensurate reduction of unrestricted cash. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company was in compliance with such liquidity and other financial covenants in its credit card processing agreements and the processors were holding back no remittances.
The maximum potential exposure to cash holdbacks by the Company's credit card processors, based upon advance ticket sales and $9 Fare Club memberships as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, was $406.0 million and $286.3 million, respectively.
Employees
The Company has four union-represented employee groups that together represented approximately 75% of all employees at March 31, 2018. The table below sets forth the Company's employee groups and status of the collective bargaining agreements as of March 31, 2018.
Employee Groups
 
Representative
 
Amendable Date
 
Percentage of Workforce
Pilots
 
Air Line Pilots Association, International (ALPA)
 
February 2023
 
27%
Flight Attendants
 
Association of Flight Attendants (AFA-CWA)
 
May 2021
 
44%
Dispatchers
 
Professional Airline Flight Control Association (PAFCA)
 
August 2018
 
1%
Ramp Service Agents
 
International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAMAW)
 
June 2020
 
3%
In August 2015, the Company's collective bargaining agreement with its pilots, represented by ALPA, became amendable. In June 2016, ALPA requested the services of the National Mediation Board (NMB) to facilitate negotiations for an amended agreement and the Company joined ALPA in the request. In January 2018, under the guidance of the NMB assigned mediators, the parties reached a tentative agreement. In February 2018, the pilot group voted to approve the new five-year agreement with the Company. The new agreement includes a one-time ratification incentive and other negotiated contractual provisions of which were recorded within special charges in the condensed statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018. For additional information, refer to Note 3, Special Charges.

In December 2017, the Professional Airline Flight Control Association (“PAFCA”) filed an application with the NMB seeking to represent the Company's dispatchers, who were previously represented by the Transport Workers Union (TWU). In January 2018, the NMB determined that a representation election would be held. The voting period for the representation election took place through February 20, 2018 and the dispatchers elected to be represented by the PAFCA. 
The Company is self-insured for health care claims, up to a stop loss amount for eligible participating employees and qualified dependent medical claims, subject to deductibles and limitations. The Company’s liabilities for claims incurred but not reported are determined based on an estimate of the ultimate aggregate liability for claims incurred. The estimate is calculated from actual claim rates and adjusted periodically as necessary. The Company has accrued $5.0 million and $3.9 million in health care claims as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.