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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

10. Income Taxes

The effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 were 37% and 30%, respectively. The tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was higher than the statutory rate as a result of the impact of tax rate differences in other jurisdictions where the Company files tax returns, and the effect of global licensing activities and foreign distributions, offset by the favorable impact of certain financing activities. The tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was higher than the statutory rate as a result of the impact of tax rate differences in other jurisdictions where the Company files tax returns, and the effect of global licensing activities and foreign distributions, offset by the favorable impact of certain financing activities, the impact of share-based compensation excess tax benefit, and the release of certain tax contingencies.  The principal reasons for the increase in the first quarter effective tax rate in 2017 when compared to 2016 was due to a decrease in the amount of share-based compensation excess tax benefit and the decrease of releases of certain tax contingencies due to statute of limitation expirations and audit settlements.

The estimated liability for unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2017 is $437 million and was $432 million as of December 31, 2016. If the Company’s tax positions are favorably sustained by the taxing authorities, the reversal of the underlying liabilities would reduce the Company’s effective tax rate in future periods.

The Company files numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns in the U.S. and in many state and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions the Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal income tax examination for 2006 and prior periods. In addition, the Company has subsidiaries in various states, provinces and countries that are currently under audit for years ranging from 1998 through 2015.

To date, the Company is not aware of any material adjustments not already accrued related to any of the current Federal, state or foreign audits under examination.